• Greece is planning a €40m automated surveillance system at borders with North Macedonia and Albania

    The European Commission wants Greece to build an automated wall to prevent some people from leaving the country. Locals are not enthusiastic, but their opinion counts for little.
    Many people holding Syrian, Afghan, Somalian, Bangladeshi or Pakistani passports seeking asylum in the European Union move out of Greece when they have the feeling that their administrative situation will not improve there. The route to other EU countries through the Balkans starts in northern Greece, onward to either North Macedonia or Albania. Greek police, it is said, are quite relaxed about people leaving the country.

    “We have many people who pass our area who want to go to Europe,” says Konstantinos Sionidis, the mayor of Paionia, a working-class municipality of 30,000 at Greece’s northern border. “It’s not a pleasant situation for us,” he adds.

    But leaving via Paionia is getting more difficult. In May 2023, Frontex guards started patrolling at North Macedonia’s border. Near the highway, one young woman from Sierra Leone said she and her friend tried to leave four times in the past month. Once, they got as far as the Serbian border. The other times, they were arrested immediately in North Macedonia at night, coming out of the forest, by Frontex officers asking “Do you want to go to Germany?” (No.) “They don’t want us here [in Greece],” she says. “Let us go!”

    However, the European Commission has plans to make it harder for people to travel through North Macedonia (and other parts of the Western Balkan route). According to a national programming document for the 2021 - 2027 EU “border management” funding for Greek authorities, €47m are budgeted to build an “automated border surveillance system” at Greece’s borders with North Macedonia and Albania. The new system shall explicitly be modeled on the one already deployed at the land border with Türkiye, along the Evros river.
    The virtual border wall

    Evros is described as a surveillance “testing ground.” (https://www.dw.com/en/is-greece-failing-to-deploy-eu-funded-surveillance-system-at-turkish-border-as-intended/a-63055306) In the early 2000s, police used thermal cameras and binoculars to spot people attempting to cross the border. As Greece and other Member-States increased their efforts to keep people out of the EU, more funding came in for drones, heartbeat detectors, more border guards – and for an “automated border surveillance system.”

    In 2021, the Greek government unveiled dozens of surveillance towers, equipped with cameras, radars and heat sensors. Officials claimed these would be able to alert regional police stations when detecting people approaching the border. At the time, media outlets raved about this 24-hour “electronic shield” (https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/561551092/ilektroniki-aspida-ston-evro-se-leitoyrgia-kameres-kai-rantar) that would “seal” (https://www.staratalogia.gr/2021/10/blog-post_79.html#google_vignette) Evros with cameras that can see “up to 15 km” into Türkiye (https://meaculpa.gr/stithikan-oi-pylones-ston-evro-oi-kamer).

    Greece is not the first country to buy into the vision of automated, omnipotent border surveillance. The German Democratic Republic installed automated rifles near the border with West-Germany, for instance. But the origin of the current trend towards automated borders lies in the United States. In the 1970s, sensors originally built for deployment in Vietnam were installed at the Mexican border. Since then, “the relationship between surveillance and law enforcement has been one between salespeople and officers who are not experts,” says Dave Maas, an investigator at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “Somebody buys surveillance towers, leaves office and three administrations later, people are like: ‘Hey, this did not deliver as promised’, and then the new person is like: ‘Well I wasn’t the one who paid for it, so here is my next idea’.”

    At the US-Mexico border, the towers are “like a scarecrow,” says Geoff Boyce, who used to direct the Earlham College Border Studies Program in Arizona. His research showed that, in cases where migrants could see the towers, they took longer, more dangerous routes to avoid detection. “People are dying outside the visual range of the towers.”

    No data is available that would hint that the Greek system is different. While the Greek government shares little information about the system in Evros, former minister for citizen protection Takis Theodorikakos mentioned it earlier this year in a parliamentary session. He claimed that the border surveillance system in Evros had been used to produce the official statistics for people deterred at the Evros border in 2022 (https://www.astynomia.gr/2023/01/03/03-01-2022-koino-deltio-typou-ypourgeiou-prostasias-tou-politi-kai-ellinik). But thermal cameras, for example, cannot show an exact number of people, or even differentiate people from animals.

    In Evros, the automated border surveillance system was also intended to be used for search-and-rescue missions. Last year, a group of asylum-seekers were stranded on an islet on the Evros river for nearly a month. Deutsche Welle reported that a nearby pylon with heat sensors and cameras should have been able to immediately locate the group. Since then, authorities have continued to be accused of delaying rescue missions.

    “At the border, it is sometimes possible to see people stranded with your own eyes,” says Lena Karamanidou, who has been researching border violence in Evros for decades. “And [they] are saying the cameras that can see up to 15 kilometers into Türkiye can’t see them.”
    Keeping people in

    In contrast to the system in Evros, the aim of the newly planned automated border surveillance systems appears to be to stop people from leaving Greece. Current policing practices there are very different from those at Evros.

    At Greece’s border with North Macedonia, “we’ve heard reports that the police were actively encouraging people to leave the country,” says Manon Louis of the watchdog organization Border Violence Monitoring Network. “In testimonies collected by BVMN, people have reported that the Greek police dropped them off at the Macedonian border.”

    “It’s an open secret,” says Alexander Gkatsis from Open Cultural Center, a nonprofit in the center of Paionia, “everybody in this area knows.”

    Thirty years ago, lots of people came from Albania to Paionia, when there were more jobs in clothing factories and agriculture, many of which are now done by machines. These days, the region is struggling with unemployment and low wages. In 2015, it drew international media attention for hosting the infamous Idomeni camp. Sionidis, the Paionia mayor, says he didn’t know anything about plans for an automated border system until we asked him.

    “The migration policy is decided by the minister of migration in Athens,” says Sionidis. He was also not consulted on Frontex coming to Paionia a few years ago. But he readily admits that his municipality is but one small pawn in a Europe-wide negotiation. “[Brussels and Athens] have to make one decision for the whole European border,” says Sionidis, “If we don’t have the electronic wall here, then we won’t have it at Evros.”

    https://algorithmwatch.org/en/greece-is-planning-a-e40m-automated-surveillance-system-at-borders-w

    #Albanie #Macédoine_du_Nord #frontières #migrations #réfugiés #barrières #fermeture_des_frontières #Grèce #frontières_terrestres #surveillance #contrôles_frontaliers #technologie #complexe_militaro-industriel #Paionia #militarisation_des_frontières #Frontex #border_management #automated_border_surveillance_system #Evros #efficacité #inefficacité #caméra_thermiques #sortie #murs_anti-sortie (comme aux temps de la #guerre_froide)

  • #Interpol makes first border arrest using Biometric Hub to ID suspect

    Global database of faces and fingerprints proves its worth.

    European police have for the first time made an arrest after remotely checking Interpol’s trove of biometric data to identify a suspected smuggler.

    The fugitive migrant, we’re told, gave a fake name and phony identification documents at a police check in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, while traveling toward Western Europe. And he probably would have got away with it, too, if it weren’t for you meddling kids Interpol’s Biometric Hub – a recently activated tool that uses French identity and biometrics vendor Idemia’s technology to match people’s biometric data against the multinational policing org’s global fingerprint and facial recognition databases.

    “When the smuggler’s photo was run through the Biometric Hub, it immediately flagged that he was wanted in another European country,” Interpol declared. “He was arrested and is currently awaiting extradition.”

    Interpol introduced the Biometric Hub – aka BioHub – in October, and it is now available to law enforcement in all 196 member countries.

    Neither Interpol nor Idemia immediately responded to The Register’s questions about how the technology and remote access works.

    But Cyril Gout, Interpol’s director of operational support and analysis, offered a canned quote: “The Biometric Hub helps law enforcement officers know right away whether the person in front of them poses a security risk.”

    That suggests Interpol member states’ constabularies can send biometric data to BioHub from the field and receive real-time info about suspects’ identities.

    The multinational policing org has said that Hub’s “biometric core” combines Interpol’s existing fingerprint and facial recognition databases, which both use Idemia tech, with a matching system also based on Idemia’s biometric technology.

    Interpol and Idemia have worked together for years. In 1999, he police organization chose Idemia to develop its fingerprint database, called the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). And then in 2016, Interpol inked another contract with Idemia to use the French firm’s facial recognition capabilities for the Interpol Face Recognition System (IFRS).

    According to Idemia, the latest version of its Multibiometric Identification System, MBIS 5, uses “new generation algorithms which provide a higher matching accuracy rate with a shorter response time and a more user-friendly interface.”

    In its first phase, Interpol will use MBIS 5 to identify persons of interest (POIs) for police investigations.

    A second phase, which will take two years to become fully operational, will extend the biometric checks to border control points. During this phase the system will be able to perform up to one million forensic searches per day – including fingerprints, palm prints, and portraits.

    Interpol expects the combined fingerprints and facial recognition system will speed future biometric searches. Instead of running a check against separate biometric databases, BioHub allows police officers to submit data to both through one interface, and it only requires human review if the “quality of the captured biometric data is such that the match falls below a designated threshold.”

    To address data governance concerns, Interpol claims BioHub complies with its data protection framework. Additionally, scans of faces and hands uploaded to the Hub are not added to Interpol’s criminal databases or made visible to other users. Any data that does not result in a match is deleted following the search, we’re told.

    While The Register hasn’t heard of any specific data privacy and security concerns related to BioHub, we’re sure it’s only a matter of time before it’s misused.

    America’s Transportation Security Agency (TSA) over the summer also said it intends to expand its facial recognition program, which also uses Idemia’s tech, to screen air travel passengers to 430 US airports. The TSA wants that capability in place within ten years.

    The TSA announcement was swiftly met with opposition from privacy and civil rights organizations, along with some US senators who took issue [PDF] with the tech.

    https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/01/interpol_biohub_arrest

    #frontières #contrôles_frontaliers #technologie #empreintes_digitales #biométrie #Interpol #migrations #asile #réfugiés #Biometric_Hub #Balkans #route_des_Balkans #Bosnie-Herzégovine #Idemia #reconnaissance_faciale #passeurs #BioHub #extradition #sécurité #risque #interopérabilité #base_de_données #Automated_Fingerprint_Identification_System (#AFIS) #Interpol_Face_Recognition_System (#IFRS) #Multibiometric_Identification_System #MBIS_5 #algorithmes #persons_of_interest (#POIs) #portraits #Transportation_Security_Agency (#TSA)

  • #EMSA signs cooperation agreements with EU Naval Missions to provide enhanced maritime awareness for operations in Somalia and Libya

    EMSA is supporting EU Naval Force operations – #Atalanta and #Irini – following the signature of two cooperation agreements with EU #NAVFOR-Somalia (#Operation_Atalanta) on the one hand and #EUNAVFOR_MED (#Operation_Irini) on the other. Operation Atalanta targets counter piracy and the protection of vulnerable vessels and humanitarian shipments off the coast of Somalia, while operation Irini seeks to enforce the UN arms embargo on Libya and in doing so contribute to the country’s peace process. By cooperating with EMSA in the areas of maritime security and #surveillance, multiple sources of ship specific information and positional data can be combined to enhance maritime awareness for the #EU_Naval_Force in places of particularly high risk and sensitivity. The support provided by EMSA comes in the context of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy.

    EUNAVFOR-Somalia Atalanta

    EMSA has been supporting the EU NAVFOR-Somalia Atalanta operation since April 2011 when piracy off the coast of Somalia was at its peak. The various measures taken to suppress piracy have been successful and the mandate of the operation was not only renewed at the beginning of last year but also expanded to include measures against illegal activities at sea, such as implementing the arms embargo on Somalia, monitoring the trafficking of weapons, and countering narcotic drugs. Through the cooperation agreement, EMSA is providing EU NAVFOR with access to an integrated maritime monitoring solution which offers the possibility of consulting vessel position data, central reference databases and earth observation products. This is integrated with EU NAVFOR data – such as vessel risk level based on vulnerability assessments – creating a specifically tailored maritime awareness picture. The new cooperation agreement extends the longstanding collaboration with EU NAVFOR for an indefinite period and is a great example of how EMSA is serving maritime security and law enforcement communities worldwide.

    EUNAVFOR MED Irini

    The EUNAVFOR MED operation Irini began on 31 March 2020 with the core task of implementing the UN arms embargo on Libya using aerial, satellite and maritime assets. It replaces #operation_Sophia but with a new mandate. While EMSA has been providing satellite AIS data to EUNAVFOR MED since 2015, the new cooperation agreement allows for access to EMSA’s #Integrated_Maritime_Services platform and in particular to the Agency’s #Automated_Behaviour_Monitoring (#ABM) capabilities. These services help EUNAVFOR officers to keep a close eye on Libya’s ports as well as to monitor the flow of maritime traffic in the area and target specific vessels for inspection based on suspicious behaviour picked up by the ABM tool. While the agreement is open ended, operation Irini’s mandate is expected to run until 31 March 2023.

    https://www.emsa.europa.eu/newsroom/press-releases/item/4648-emsa-signs-cooperation-agreements-with-eu-naval-missions-to-provide

    #coopération #Somalie #Libye #mer #sécurité #sécurité_maritime #Agence_européenne_pour_la_sécurité_maritime (#AESM) #piraterie #piraterie_maritime #armes #commerce_d'armes #drogues #trafic_maritime

    ping @reka @fil

  • Tecnologie per il controllo delle frontiere in Italia: identificazione, riconoscimento facciale e finanziamenti europei


    Executive summary

    L’utilizzo documentato di un sistema di riconoscimento facciale da parte dell’amministrazione comunale di Como o da parte della Polizia di Stato italiana ha aperto anche in Italia il dibattito su una tecnologia che all’estero, già da tempo, si critica per la sua inaccuratezza algoritmica e per la poca trasparenza. Un tema sicuramente preoccupante per tutti ma che certamente assume caratteristiche ancor più pericolose quando interessa gruppi o individui particolarmente vulnerabili come migranti, rifugiati e richiedenti asilo. In questo caso i dati e le informazioni sono processati da parte di agenzie governative a fini di sorveglianza e di controllo, con tutele assai minori rispetto ai cittadini europei ed italiani. Ciò comporta un grande rischio per queste persone poiché le procedure di identificazione al loro arrivo in Italia, effettuate all’interno degli hotspot, rischiano di essere un’arma a doppio taglio per la loro permanenza nel nostro Paese (o in Europa), determinando uno stato di sorveglianza continuativa a causa della loro condizione. Ancora una volta alcune categorie di persone sono costrette ad essere “banco di prova” per la sperimentazione di dispositivi di controllo e sorveglianza, a dimostrazione che esistono e si reiterano rapporti di potere anche attraverso la tecnologia, portando alla creazione di due categorie distinte: chi sorveglia e chi è sorvegliato.

    Da questa ricerca emerge che le procedure di identificazione e categorizzazione dei migranti, rifugiati o richiedenti asilo fanno ampio utilizzo di dati biometrici—la polizia italiana raccoglie sia le impronte digitali che la foto del loro volto—ma non è sempre facile comprendere in che modo vengano applicate. Nel momento in cui viene effettuata l’identificazione, le categorie sopra citate hanno ben poche possibilità di conoscere appieno il percorso che faranno i loro dati personali e biometrici, nonché di opporsi al peso che poi questo flusso di informazioni avrà sulla loro condizione in Italia e in tutta l’Unione Europea. Quest’ultima, infatti, promuove da alcuni anni la necessità di favorire l’identificazione dei migranti, stranieri e richiedenti asilo attraverso un massiccio utilizzo di tecnologie: a partire dal mare, pattugliato con navi e velivoli a pilotaggio remoto che “scannerizzano” i migranti in arrivo; fino all’approdo sulla terraferma, dove oltre all’imposizione dell’identificazione e del fotosegnalamento i migranti hanno rischiato di vedersi puntata addosso una videocamera “intelligente”.

    Ampio spazio è lasciato alla trattazione di come lo stato italiano utilizzi la tecnologia del riconoscimento facciale già da alcuni anni, senza che organizzazioni indipendenti o professionisti possano controllare il suo operato. Oltre alla mancata trasparenza degli algoritmi che lo fanno funzionare, infatti, non sono disponibili informazioni chiare sul numero di persone effettivamente comprese all’interno del database che viene utilizzato proprio per realizzare le corrispondenze tra volti, AFIS (acronimo di Automated Fingerprint Identification System).

    Nelle intenzioni della polizia italiana, infatti, c’era l’impiego di un sistema di riconoscimento facciale, SARI Real-Time, per riconoscere in tempo reale l’identità delle persone a bordo di un’imbarcazione durante le fasi di sbarco sulle coste italiane. Il sistema SARI Real-Time, acquistato originariamente per l’utilizzo durante manifestazioni ed eventi pubblici, è stato reso inutilizzabile a seguito della pronuncia negativa del Garante della Privacy: rischierebbe di introdurre una sorveglianza di massa ingiustificata. La decisione del Garante tutela quindi non solo coloro che vivono nel nostro paese ma anche chi, in una situazione di estrema vulnerabilità, arriva sulle nostre coste dopo un viaggio interminabile e si vede sottoposto a un controllo sproporzionato ancor prima di ricevere supporto medico e valutazione dello status legale.

    Come Centro Hermes per la Trasparenza e i Diritti Umani Digitali dal 2011 ci interroghiamo sul funzionamento e sullo scopo delle innovazioni in campo tecnologico, analizzandole non solo da un punto di vista tecnico ma anche attraverso la lente dei diritti umani digitali. Negli ultimi anni la datificazione della società attraverso la raccolta indiscriminata di dati personali e l’estrazione di informazioni (e di valore) relative al comportamento e alle attività svolte da ognuno di noi sono il tema centrale di ricerca, analisi e advocacy dell’associazione. Siamo convinti infatti che vada messa in dubbio non solo la tecnologia digitale creata al presunto scopo di favorire il progresso o di dare una risposta oggettiva a fenomeni sociali complessi, ma anche il concetto di tecnologia come neutra e con pressoché simili ripercussioni su tutti gli individui della società. È importante a nostro parere che qualunque discorso sulla tecnologia racchiuda in sé una più ampia riflessione politica e sociologica, che cerchi di cogliere la differenza tra chi agisce la tecnologia e chi la subisce.

    Principali risultati:

    https://protecht.hermescenter.org
    #rapport #Hermes #frontières #Italie #reconnaissance_faciale #réfugiés #asile #migrations #contrôles_frontaliers #identification #financements_européens #technologie #complexe_militaro-industriel #Côme #surveillance #biométrie #données_biométriques #catégorisation #photos #empreintes_digitales #AFIS #algorythmes #Automated_Fingerprint_Identification_System #SARI_Real-Time #database #base_de_données

    sur la mise en place de reconnaissance faciale à Côme:
    https://seenthis.net/messages/859963

    ping @etraces

    • #merci

      John Conway’s Game of Life - Einführung in Zellulare Automaten
      https://beltoforion.de/de/game_of_life


      Une simulation en Javascript qui se joue en ligne

      Wegen der Einfachheit des Regelsatzes ist die Implementierung von Game of Life eine beliebte Aufgabe für Programmieranfänger. Der Quellcode des hier verwendeten „Game of Life“-Applets ist in Typescript geschrieben und kann bei GitHub herunter geladen werden. Eine Beschreibung der Implementierung des Game of Life in Python befindet sich in einem anderen Artikel auf dieser Webseite.

      puis ...
      John Conway’s Game of Life
      https://bitstorm.org/gameoflife

      The Simulation

      Golly Game of Life Home Page
      http://golly.sourceforge.net

      Golly - Apps on Google Play
      https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.sf.golly

      ‎Golly on the App Store
      https://apps.apple.com/us/app/golly/id553184760

      Golly is an open source, cross-platform application for exploring Conway’s Game of Life and many other types of cellular aut

      Python Version von John Conways Game of Life
      https://beltoforion.de/de/unterhaltungsmathematik/game_of_life.php

      import pygame
      import numpy as np

      col_about_to_die = (200, 200, 225)
      col_alive = (255, 255, 215)
      col_background = (10, 10, 40)
      col_grid = (30, 30, 60)

      def update(surface, cur, sz) :
      nxt = np.zeros((cur.shape[0], cur.shape[1]))

      for r, c in np.ndindex(cur.shape) :
      num_alive = np.sum(cur[r-1:r+2, c-1:c+2]) - cur[r, c]

      if cur[r, c] == 1 and num_alive < 2 or num_alive > 3 :
      col = col_about_to_die
      elif (cur[r, c] == 1 and 2 <= num_alive <= 3) or (cur[r, c] == 0 and num_alive == 3) :
      nxt[r, c] = 1
      col = col_alive

      col = col if cur[r, c] == 1 else col_background
      pygame.draw.rect(surface, col, (c*sz, r*sz, sz-1, sz-1))

      return nxt

      def init(dimx, dimy) :
      cells = np.zeros((dimy, dimx))
      pattern = np.array([[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
      [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
      [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],
      [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],
      [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
      [1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
      [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
      [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
      [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]) ;
      pos = (3,3)
      cells[pos[0]:pos[0]+pattern.shape[0], pos[1]:pos[1]+pattern.shape[1]] = pattern
      return cells

      def main(dimx, dimy, cellsize) :
      pygame.init()
      surface = pygame.display.set_mode((dimx cellsize, dimy cellsize))
      pygame.display.set_caption("John Conway’s Game of Life")

      cells = init(dimx, dimy)

      while True :
      for event in pygame.event.get() :
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT :
      pygame.quit()
      return

      surface.fill(col_grid)
      cells = update(surface, cells, cellsize)
      pygame.display.update()

      if _name_ == « _main_ » :
      main(120, 90, 8)

      John Horton Conway
      https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Horton_Conway

      John Horton Conway ( 26. Dezember 1937 in Liverpool, Vereinigtes Königreich; † 11. April 2020 in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein britischer Mathematiker.
      ...
      Nach seinen bedeutendsten Leistungen gefragt, hob er 2013 seine Entdeckung surrealer Zahlen hervor und seinen Beweis des Free Will Theorems in der Quantenmechanik mit Simon Kochen und weniger seine Arbeiten in Gruppentheorie, für die er vor allem bekannt war. Das Free Will Theorem wurde von Conway und Kochen 2004 bewiesen und besagt, dass, falls beim Experimentator Entscheidungsfreiheit (freier Wille, Möglichkeit nicht vorherbestimmten Verhaltens) vorhanden ist, dies (unter schwachen Voraussetzungen) in gewissem Sinne auch für alle Elementarteilchen gilt .

      [quant-ph/0604079v1] The Free Will Theorem
      https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0604079v1

      John Conway, Simon Kochen

      On the basis of three physical axioms, we prove that if the choice of a particular type of spin 1 experiment is not a function of the information accessible to the experimenters, then its outcome is equally not a function of the information accessible to the particles. We show that this result is robust, and deduce that neither hidden variable theories nor mechanisms of the GRW type for wave function collapse can be made relativistic. We also establish the consistency of our axioms and discuss the philosophical implications.

      http://www.ams.org/notices/200902/rtx090200226p.pdf

      #informatique #simulation #automate_cellulaire #machine_de_Turing #mathématique #physique #logique #philosophie

  • Top Software Testing Companies in 2019
    https://hackernoon.com/top-software-testing-companies-in-2019-420dc5569715?source=rss----3a8144

    Ever-growing business requirements and technology evolution make companies chase sophisticated software solutions that should be both powerful and attractive for end-users. Apart from the need to keep in step with tech trends, organizations also have to take care of their up-and-running systems, as well as ensure the cohesion and integrity of the IT environment.While solutions and IT ecosystems become more intricate, the risk of drawbacks within the software lifecycle augments substantially. As a result, companies constantly face a variety of software-related issues ranging from small bugs to severe code flaws that may harm the entire business. That’s why it is critical for every organization to not only focus on the software development process itself but also prioritize software (...)

    #software-testing #automated-testing #functional-testing #quality-assurance

  • Two pillars of automated testing
    https://hackernoon.com/two-pillars-of-automated-testing-13d0c2c6a7c?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3-

    When your team has been asked to move fast and break things, methodological purity can fast give way to sprint-speed pragmatism. However, this phrase — once the credo of Facebook — doesn’t mean we can take risks in the QA department. It’s really an admonition for us to open our eyes to new opportunities instead of closing them and praying that things will stay the same. A kind of rallying cry to be disruptive and try (and discard, if necessary) new things quickly.What’s all this got to do with testing and QA?Quite a bit. In our experience, QA is one of the slowest moving disciplines across the development landscape. This goes for both the supply side and the demand side of the market. It’s rare for new testing technology to reach the market in the first place. And equally, it’s not so common for (...)

    #ruby #python #cypress #javascript #automated-testing

  • EU border ’lie detector’ system criticised as pseudoscience

    Technology that analyses facial expressions being trialled in Hungary, Greece and Latvia.

    The EU has been accused of promoting pseudoscience after announcing plans for a “#smart_lie-detection_system” at its busiest borders in an attempt to identify illegal migrants.

    The “#lie_detector”, to be trialled in Hungary, Greece and Latvia, involves the use of a computer animation of a border guard, personalised to the traveller’s gender, ethnicity and language, asking questions via a webcam.

    The “deception detection” system will analyse the micro-expressions of those seeking to enter EU territory to see if they are being truthful about their personal background and intentions. Those arriving at the border will be required to have uploaded pictures of their passport, visa and proof of funds.

    According to an article published by the European commission, the “unique approach to ‘deception detection’ analyses the micro-expressions of travellers to figure out if the interviewee is lying”.

    The project’s coordinator, George Boultadakis, who works for the technology supplier, European Dynamics, in Luxembourg, said: “We’re employing existing and proven technologies – as well as novel ones – to empower border agents to increase the accuracy and efficiency of border checks. The system will collect data that will move beyond biometrics and on to biomarkers of deceit.”

    Travellers who have been flagged as low risk by the #avatar, and its lie detector, will go through a short re-evaluation of their information for entry. Those judged to be of higher risk will undergo a more detailed check.

    Border officials will use a handheld device to automatically crosscheck information, comparing the facial images captured during the pre-screening stage to passports and photos taken on previous border crossings.

    When documents have been reassessed, and fingerprinting, palm-vein scanning and face matching have been carried out, the potential risk will be recalculated. A border guard will then take over from the automated system.

    The project, which has received €4.5m (£3.95m) in EU funding, has been heavily criticised by experts.

    Bruno Verschuere, a senior lecturer in forensic psychology at the University of Amsterdam, told the Dutch newspaper De Volskrant he believed the system would deliver unfair outcomes.
    A neuroscientist explains: the need for ‘empathetic citizens’ - podcast

    “Non-verbal signals, such as micro-expressions, really do not say anything about whether someone is lying or not,” he said. “This is the embodiment of everything that can go wrong with lie detection. There is no scientific foundation for the methods that are going to be used now.

    “Once these systems are put into use, they will not go away. The public will only hear the success stories and not the stories about those who have been wrongly stopped.”

    Verschuere said there was no evidence for the assumption that liars were stressed and that this translated to into fidgeting or subtle facial movements.

    Bennett Kleinberg, an assistant professor in data science at University College London, said: “This can lead to the implementation of a pseudoscientific border control.”

    A spokesman for the project said: “The border crossing decision is not based on the single tool (ie lie detection) but on the aggregated risk estimations based on a risk-based approach and technology that has been used widely in custom procedures.

    “Therefore, the overall procedure is safe because it is not relying in the risk on one analysis (ie the lie detector) but on the correlated risks from various analysis.”

    The technology has been designed by a consortium of the Hungarian national police, Latvian customs, and Manchester Metropolitan and Leibnitz universities. Similar technology is being developed in the US, where lie detection is widely used in law enforcement, despite scepticism over its scientific utility in much of the rest of the world.

    Last month, engineers at the University of Arizona said they had developed a system that they hoped to install on the US-Mexico border known as the #Automated_Virtual_Agent_for_Truth_Assessments_in_Real-Time, or Avatar.

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/02/eu-border-lie-detection-system-criticised-as-pseudoscience?CMP=share_bt
    #wtf #what_the_fuck #frontières #contrôles_frontaliers #technologie #expressions_faciales #Grèce #Hongrie #Lettonie #mensonge #abus #gardes-frontière #biométrie #biomarqueurs #corps #smart_borders #risques #université #science-fiction
    ping @reka @isskein

    • Smart lie-detection system to tighten EU’s busy borders

      An EU-funded project is developing a way to speed up traffic at the EU’s external borders and ramp up security using an automated border-control system that will put travellers to the test using lie-detecting avatars. It is introducing advanced analytics and risk-based management at border controls.

      More than 700 million people enter the EU every year – a number that is rapidly rising. The huge volume of travellers and vehicles is piling pressure on external borders, making it increasingly difficult for border staff to uphold strict security protocols – checking the travel documents and biometrics of every passenger – whilst keeping disruption to a minimum.

      To help, the EU-funded project IBORDERCTRL is developing an ‘intelligent control system’ facilitating – making faster – border procedures for bona fide and law-abiding travellers. In this sense, the project is aiming to deliver more efficient and secure land border crossings to facilitate the work of border guards in spotting illegal immigrants, and so contribute to the prevention of crime and terrorism.

      ‘We’re employing existing and proven technologies – as well as novel ones – to empower border agents to increase the accuracy and efficiency of border checks,’ says project coordinator George Boultadakis of European Dynamics in Luxembourg. ‘IBORDERCTRL’s system will collect data that will move beyond biometrics and on to biomarkers of deceit.’
      Smart ‘deception detection’

      The IBORDERCTRL system has been set up so that travellers will use an online application to upload pictures of their passport, visa and proof of funds, then use a webcam to answer questions from a computer-animated border guard, personalised to the traveller’s gender, ethnicity and language. The unique approach to ‘deception detection’ analyses the micro-expressions of travellers to figure out if the interviewee is lying.

      This pre-screening step is the first of two stages. Before arrival at the border, it also informs travellers of their rights and travel procedures, as well as providing advice and alerts to discourage illegal activity.

      The second stage takes place at the actual border. Travellers who have been flagged as low risk during the pre-screening stage will go through a short re-evaluation of their information for entry, while higher-risk passengers will undergo a more detailed check.

      Border officials will use a hand-held device to automatically cross-check information, comparing the facial images captured during the pre-screening stage to passports and photos taken on previous border crossings. After the traveller’s documents have been reassessed, and fingerprinting, palm vein scanning and face matching have been carried out, the potential risk posed by the traveller will be recalculated. Only then does a border guard take over from the automated system.

      At the start of the IBORDERCTRL project, researchers spent a lot of time learning about border crossings from border officials themselves, through interviews, workshops, site surveys, and by watching them at work.

      It is hoped that trials about to start in Hungary, Greece and Latvia will prove that the intelligent portable control system helps border guards reliably identify travellers engaging in criminal activity. The trials will start with lab testing to familiarise border guards with the system, followed by scenarios and tests in realistic conditions along the borders.
      A mounting challenge

      ‘The global maritime and border security market is growing fast in light of the alarming terror threats and increasing terror attacks taking place on European Union soil, and the migration crisis,” says Boultadakis.

      As a consequence, the partner organisations of IBORDERCTRL are likely to benefit from this growing European security market – a sector predicted to be worth USD 146 billion (EUR 128 bn) in Europe by 2020.

      Project details

      Project acronym: #iBorderCtrl
      Participants: Luxembourg (Coordinator), Greece, Cyprus, United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, Hungary, Germany, Latvia
      Project N°: 700626
      Total costs: € 4 501 877
      EU contribution: € 4 501 877
      Duration: September 2016 to August 2019


      http://ec.europa.eu/research/infocentre/article_en.cfm?artid=49726

    • AVATAR - Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessments in Real-Time

      There are many circumstances, particularly in a border-crossing scenario, when credibility must be accurately assessed. At the same time, since people deceive for a variety of reasons, benign and nefarious, detecting deception and determining potential risk are extremely difficult. Using artificial intelligence and non-invasive sensor technologies, BORDERS has developed a screening system called the Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessments in Real-Time (AVATAR). The AVATAR is designed to flag suspicious or anomalous behavior that warrants further investigation by a trained human agent in the field. This screening technology may be useful at Land Ports of Entry, airports, detention centers, visa processing, asylum requests, and personnel screening.

      The AVATAR has the potential to greatly assist DHS by serving as a force multiplier that frees personnel to focus on other mission-critical tasks, and provides more accurate decision support and risk assessment. This can be accomplished by automating interviews and document/biometric collection, and delivering real-time multi-sensor credibility assessments in a screening environment. In previous years, we have focused on conducting the basic research on reliably analyzing human behavior for deceptive cues, better understanding the DHS operational environment, and developing and testing a prototype system.

      Principal Investigators:
      #Aaron_Elkins
      #Doug_Derrick
      #Jay_Nunamaker, Jr.
      #Judee_Burgoon
      Status:
      Current

      http://borders.arizona.edu/cms/projects/avatar-automated-virtual-agent-truth-assessments-real-time
      #University_of_Arizona

    • Un #détecteur_de_mensonges bientôt testé aux frontières de l’Union européenne

      L’Union européenne va tester dans un avenir proche un moyen de réguler le passage des migrants sur certaines de ses frontières, en rendant celui-ci plus simple et plus rapide. Ce moyen prendra la forme d’un détecteur de mensonges basé sur l’intelligence artificielle.

      Financé depuis 2016 par l’UE, le projet iBorderCtrl fera bientôt l’objet d’un test qui se déroulera durant six mois sur quatre postes-frontière situés en Hongrie, en Grèce et en Lettonie. Il s’avère que chaque année, environ 700 millions de nouvelles personnes arrivent dans l’UE, et les gardes-frontières ont de plus en plus de mal à effectuer les vérifications d’usage.

      Ce projet iBorderCtrl destiné à aider les gardes-frontières n’est autre qu’un détecteur de mensonges reposant sur une intelligence artificielle. Il s’agit en somme d’une sorte de garde frontière virtuel qui, après avoir pris connaissance des documents d’un individu (passeport, visa et autres), lui fera passer un interrogatoire. Ce dernier devra donc faire face à une caméra et répondre à des questions.

      L’IA en question observera la personne et fera surtout attention aux micro-mouvements du visage, le but étant de détecter un éventuel mensonge. À la fin de l’entretien, l’individu se verra remettre un code QR qui déterminera son appartenance à une des deux files d’attente, c’est-à-dire les personnes acceptées et celles – sur lesquelles il subsiste un doute – qui feront l’objet d’un entretien plus poussé avec cette fois, des gardes-frontières humains.

      Le système iBorderCtrl qui sera bientôt testé affiche pour l’instant un taux de réussite de 74 %, mais les porteurs du projet veulent atteindre au moins les 85 %. Enfin, évoquons le fait que ce dispositif pose assez logiquement des questions éthiques, et a déjà de nombreux opposants !

      L’IA a été présentée lors du Manchester Science Festival qui s’est déroulé du 18 au 29 octobre 2018, comme le montre la vidéo ci-dessous :
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fsd3Ubqi38

      https://sciencepost.fr/2018/11/un-detecteur-de-mensonges-bientot-teste-aux-frontieres-de-lunion-europee

  • Les Hauts-de-France, champions des distributeurs automatiques de légumes - Libération
    http://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/09/02/les-hauts-de-france-champions-des-distributeurs-automatiques-de-legumes_1

    Si l’investissement est lourd, ce système évite aux agriculteurs les aléas de la vente en gros, et s’avère moins chronophage que la vente directe.

    Dans les campagnes des Hauts-de-France, les #maraîchers ont adopté le distributeur automatique. Des #fruits et #légumes frais, direct de la ferme, 24 heures sur 24, les clients apprécient. Les machines ont essaimé aux ronds-points les plus fréquentés et dans les villages. « Sur les 600 présentes en France, la région en concentre 70%, tout simplement parce qu’elle a été précurseure », constate David Clemente, gérant de Providif, fournisseur des automates, qui s’est reconverti après avoir été dans les distributeurs de vidéos à louer.

    Ravitaillement deux fois par jour

    En cette fin août, à Saint-Sylvestre-Cappel, en #Flandre, on trouve derrière les vitres des tomates cerises, des fraises, du jus de pomme fermier, et tout ce qu’il faut pour une ratatouille. Pour payer, c’est le même système que les boissons fraîches et les friandises dans les gares et les métros. On entre le numéro de casier, on valide, et on règle en espèces ou en carte bleue sans contact. Une cliente hésite, un peu paumée sur la marche à suivre. Le maraîcher Benoît Denis, 35 ans, intervient. Un brin de pédagogie, et les vitrines s’ouvrent les unes après les autres, avec un petit « pop » : il suffit de se saisir ensuite des marchandises achetées. Dans ses #distributeurs automatiques, il vend sa production, cueillie le jour même. « Ma fraise est sortie de la serre maximum vingt-quatre heures avant, plus frais je ne connais pas ! », assure-t-il. Son affaire tourne rondement, et l’oblige à ravitailler jusqu’à deux fois par jour les machines. « Du côté de Dunkerque, je connais un autre agriculteur qui a installé le sien dans la zone industrielle », sourit Simon Ammeux, président des Jeunes agriculteurs des Hauts-de-France. « Les ouvriers viennent acheter à la fin de leur poste, à 2 ou 3 heures du matin, surtout pendant la saison des fraises. »

    Fluctuation des cours

    Les agriculteurs trouvent avantage au système : « Un maraîcher qui ne fait pas de vente directe s’en sort moins bien, explique Simon Ammeux. Il est bien plus soumis aux aléas du marché quand il vend en gros. » Car les cours fluctuent : la pomme de terre, par exemple, 30 euros la tonne l’année dernière et 300 euros cette année. Benoît Denis la vend au consommateur à 1 euro le kilo, soit 1 000 euros la tonne, et le prix est stable.

    Le problème de la vente directe, c’est qu’elle est chronophage et empiète sur le temps passé aux champs. Le distributeur automatique résout en partie ce dilemme. Benoît Denis assume son choix : vendre au détail et cultiver de petites quantités, avec des variétés choisies pour leur qualité, plutôt que de la monoculture en gros pour les industriels. « Je ne pourrais pas vendre des fruits ou des légumes qui n’ont pas de goût », s’excuse-t-il presque. Mais l’investissement est lourd : 25 000 euros pour l’achat des distributeurs, 5 000 euros pour l’aménagement du chalet qui les abrite. Avant de se mettre à son compte, il y a trois ans, il a été dix ans salarié agricole, et il vit aujourd’hui sur ses économies. Un salaire ? Ce ne sera pas cette année, avec la sécheresse.
    Stéphanie Maurice correspondante à Lille

    Ça fait cher l’investissement quand même !

    #agriculture #nord #automates

    • L’essentiel, c’est qu’il n’y ai plus de contact avec un être humain.
      Cela se fait depuis longtemps, en Flandres (Belgique), et il y a la bas des distributeur de pain. On ne va quand même pas demander à libé de faire un vrai reportage.

  • Le HANG-ART. Sophie HERNIOU.
    http://www.hang-art.fr/Fiches_artistes/Expo_20/Fiche_Herniou.html

    « Après avoir tué mes parents et fait ma vie , à 30 ans il a bien fallu me retourner et admettre que mes sculptures découlaient d’une enfance baignée dans le #carnaval de Nantes appelé « La mi-carême » : un rendez-vous annuel et printanier qui ouvrait au renouveau… Pendant que mon père, tambour major, ouvrait le cortège de musiciens, je me délectais de voir défiler ces « grosses têtes » juchées sur des petits corps déambulant devant des chars chargés de scènes burlesques, caricaturales et hautes en couleur. Un monde surdimensionné, entre rêve et cauchemar qui me marqua à vie ! Je travaille à créer un univers de personnages généreux dont l’apparence et la mise en scène semblent humoristiques avec la volonté d’émettre une deuxième lecture qui se révèle plus sombre… »
    #Sophie_Herniou, signature hs comme hors service, heures sup, hors sujet…


    https://sophieherniou.wordpress.com/2016/08/02/automates-et-bondieuserie-16

    #sculpture #automates & #bondieuserie

  • Why smart contracts still need human logic
    https://hackernoon.com/why-smart-contracts-still-need-human-logic-e4c07885e26a?source=rss----3a

    Smart contracts automate the execution of simple agreements, but what happens when mistakes in code are made and transactions need to be altered or reversed? Smart Laws introduce human logic to situations, pairing current legislation with distributed ledger technology so that justice can be done and data returned to their rightful owners.The advantages of distributed ledger technology are clear to see: immutable nature, increased security and elimination of intermediaries. The ways to realise these advantages are also pretty evident: via a special cryptographic algorithm and decentralisation. So if we do the maths and add smart contracts to #blockchain, we have the ideal tool which guarantees trust between parties without having to use intermediaries.But, somehow, it doesn’t work like (...)

    #automate-agreements #human-logic #smart-contracts #human-agreements

  • Singularité inversée : quand la stupidité artificielle esclavagise l’homme automate
    https://reflets.info/singularite-inversee-quand-la-stupidite-artificielle-esclavagise-lhomme-au

    Le nombre d’articles, d’émissions, d’essais, de débats, de conférences sur l’intelligence artificielle est en croissance exponentielle. Tout le monde veut donner son avis sur les #IA ou savoir si elles deviendront « conscientes d’elles-mêmes », auront une […]

    #Technos #automates_humains #conscience #deep_learning #Intelligence #Laurent_Alexandre #machine_learning #productivisme #réseaux_de_neurone_artificielles #singularité_technologique

  • Mon compte est #bloqué par #twitter et je ne parviens pas à comprendre pourquoi, ni quelle méthode employer pour me faire débloquer. J’ai donné mon numéro de téléphone, changé de mot de passe, débranché toutes les apps, désactivé mon VPN… et quoi que je fasse je ne peux plus poster :

    This request looks like it might be automated. To protect our users from spam and other malicious activity, we can’t complete this action right now. Please try again later.

     ? #antispam #censure #centralisation

  • Réhabiliter les automates français
    https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/billets/rehabiliter-les-automates-francais-0

    Et si nos ordinateurs et nos robots trouvaient leur origine dans une révolution technologique survenue en France au XVIIIe siècle, axée sur la reproduction mécanique du vivant ? Jean-Claude Simard, philosophe canadien, nous rappelle ce pan d’histoire souvent relégué au second plan par la révolution industrielle anglaise.

  • Let’s Encrypt

    https://letsencrypt.org
    https://letsencrypt.org/howitworks/technology

    Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority brought to you by the Internet Security Research Group (#ISRG). ISRG is a California public benefit corporation, and is recognized by the IRS as a tax-exempt organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.

    The objective of Let’s Encrypt and the ACME protocol is to make it possible to set up an #HTTPS server and have it automatically obtain a browser-trusted #certificate, without any human intervention. This is accomplished by running a certificate management agent on the web server.

    #automated_service #EFF #ISRG

  • Wordsmith, le logiciel permettant de générer du contenu, ouvert à tous
    http://humanoides.fr/2015/10/wordsmith-le-logiciel-permettant-de-generer-du-contenu-ouvert-a-tous

    Automated Insights a décidé de proposer publiquement sa technologie de rédaction de contenu. Utilisée par de nombreuses équipes de rédaction comme celles d’Associated Press, Yahoo ou encore Samsung, la plateforme est proposée en version bêta.

    #Automated_Insights #Automatisation #Générateur_automatique_de_phrases #Génération_automatique_de_textes #Numérique #Robot #Rédaction #Travail #Wordsmith #Écriture

  • Comment les #bornes en libre-service modifient-elles les comportements des clients - Harvard Business Review
    http://alireailleurs.tumblr.com/post/113499423887

    Sur les bornes en libre-service, le consommateur est au travail, comme le soulignait la sociologue Anne-Marie Dujarier dans son livre éponyme. Mais que changent-elles dans ce que commandent les utilisateurs ? Taco Bell a récemment expliqué que les commandes passées via son application numérique disponible ses restaurants étaient en moyenne 20% plus chères que celles prises par des caissiers humains, notamment parce que les gens choisissent des ingrédients supplémentaires. Même constat dans les bornes disponibles dans certains cinéma. Pour la Havard Business Review, Gretchen Gavett a demandé au professeur Ryan Buell si cela se vérifiait. Et le professeur d’administration des affaires de pointer plusieurs études qui montrent des comportements différents quand on utilise ce type de machines : des gens (...)

    #automates #automatisation #marketing #digiwork

  • L’invention du robot
    http://hyperbate.fr/dernier/?p=29737

    On imagine des automates doués de vie depuis des millénaires, mais il me semble que le robot est une figure distincte de l’automate : il n’imite que grossièrement le vivant, ou ne l’imite même du tout, il ne cache pas son état de machine, ce n’est plus une statue vivante, mais bien une mécanique animée1. Il apparaît avec la révolution industrielle, dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, pour être précis. Il lui fallait un nom spécifique, et celui-ci a été fourni par Karel Čapek, sur un malentendu.

    #Art #Automate #Cinéma #Histoire_des_techniques #Industrie #Karel_Čapek #Représentation_(art) #Robot #Robotique #Théâtre

  • L’automate supprimé par défaut de productivité
    http://hyperbate.fr/dernier/?p=32788

    Vous aviez peur que les robots vous piquent votre boulot ?
    Désormais, c’est l’automate peut avoir peu de vous, puisque vous faites son travail à un prix imbattable : pour rien, et à vos frais.

    #Automate #Automatisation #Numérique #Productivité #Réduction_de_coût #Société_nationale_des_chemins_de_fer_français #Utilisateur #Économie

  • Le dernier blog » Blog Archive » L’automate supprimé par défaut de productivité, par @jean_no
    http://hyperbate.fr/dernier/?p=32788%2F

    Vous aviez peur que les robots vous piquent votre boulot ?
    Désormais, c’est l’automate peut avoir peu de vous, puisque vous faites son travail à un prix imbattable : pour rien, et à vos frais.

    • Soufflée... Ce que c’est que le progrès quand même. Nous ne sommes que des ânes pour cette forme de pensée : corvéable, dos large, passifs.

    • L’#automate supprimé par défaut de #productivité

      J’ai découvert par une brève du Canard enchaîné d’il y a quinze jours que l’automate de #vente de billets grandes lignes de ma gare avait été supprimé. Selon le service presse de la #SNCF, contacté par le journal satirique, « Un audit de #rationalisation des coûts de distribution a été réalisé et a déterminé que l’automate, avec ses coûts de maintenance, n’était plus rentable ». La ville est pourtant peuplée de vingt cinq mille habitants. Je n’ai pu constater l’escamotage par moi-même que ce matin, car chaque fois que je suis passé devant la #gare ces jours derniers, elle était « momentanément fermée » : il y a désormais peu de personnel, la moindre absence temporaire implique une fermeture du hall de la gare.

      Le vide laissé par l’automate « grandes lignes » a été rempli par un présentoir de distribution de prospectus annonçant les travaux prévus sur la ligne.

      C’est une nouvelle étape dans la transformation de ce #lieu qui, peu à peu, se #vide de ses êtres humains, et même à présent, de ses êtres inhumains.

      #vente_en_ligne #transports #travail_partout_salaire_nulle_part

  • #dat - opendata on the command line
    https://github.com/maxogden/dat/blob/master/docs/what-is-dat.md

    dat is a project that seeks providing better tools for data #collaboration:
    – make data syncable. automatic #sync and updates of data sets
    – data sets can be very large (billions of rows or terabytes in size) and/or updated frequently (real time data)
    – data can be either tabular (rows & cells) or blobs (large files and/or unstructured)
    – plugin APIs to connect dat to any existing database/format/language/storage backends
    – built with #automated #workflows in mind

    livré avec un éditeur web : #dat-editor


    #cli #outils #data

    Je l’ai installé en quelques secondes, importé un CSV et joué avec dat-editor :

    npm install dat -g
    mkdir foo && cd foo && dat init
       (entrer le nom du projet…)
    dat import --csv /path/to/mycsvfile.csv
    dat cat # affiche les data
    dat listen # lance le serveur http
    open http://localhost:6461/     # ouvre dat-editor dans le navigateur web
    • Alors qu’une récente étude de l’université d’Oxford annonçait que 47% de nos emplois d’ici 20 ans pourraient être confiés à des #automates, Steve Jurvetson prédit quant à lui un futur avec 80% de taux de #chômage. Face à ce qui se dessine comme le nouveau paradigme d’une « ère #post-travail », il prévient : le monde a besoin de réfléchir à ce qu’un tel futur aura comme impact sur l’écart entre les riches et les pauvres.

      Et cet écart ne devrait plus, comme par le passé, s’accroître ou se réduire de façon cyclique, mais juste continuer de grossir. Car, explique Jurvetson, "le rythme du progrès #technique est déconnecté de l’#économie". En supposant que chaque industrie devienne une partie d’un immense secteur IT, et que les robots prennent tous les jobs non-désirés, l’équation serait simple : il y aurait moins de #travail pour les humains. Seulement une petite partie de la population contrôlerait les technologies de l’information et cette force de travail permettrait d’automatiser le reste.

      #surnuméraires