• Winnie

    Pasionaria en Afrique du Sud de la lutte antiapartheid, « Winnie », ex-épouse controversée de l’icône #Nelson_Mandela, a inextricablement lié son destin à celui de son pays. Un portrait documenté de la figure emblématique des townships, décédée à l’âge de 81 ans, le 2 avril 2018.

    Un beau visage sous un chapeau cloche, #Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela, jeune assistante sociale née dans un village du Transkei, a 25 ans lorsque son mari, Nelson Mandela, est arrêté en 1962 à la suite d’une campagne de sabotage de l’#ANC, puis condamné à perpétuité : « Nous nous connaissions à peine. » Militante au puissant charisme et à la détermination sans faille, la pasionaria va alors mener la lutte antiapartheid en Afrique du Sud et maintenir haut la flamme de la résistance, récoltant des fonds pour les prisonniers et orchestrant sans relâche la mobilisation. Cible du régime, espionnée et maintes fois arrêtée, cette mère de deux petites filles, qui jamais ne désarme, est bientôt accusée d’avoir provoqué la vague de violence qui submerge le pays en 1976. Assignée à résidence à #Brandfort – « un tombeau vivant » –, l’opposante, courtisée par les médias internationaux, assume d’être prête à tuer pour la liberté. Ne craignant rien ni personne, Winnie, qui recrute avec #Chris_Hani et #Oliver_Tambo les soldats d’#Umkhonto_we_Sizwe, la branche militaire du #Congrès_national_africain, joue aussi les courroies de transmission entre le terrain et le prisonnier légendaire dont le monde entier exige la libération. Mais tandis que, dans les années 1980, le pouvoir engage des négociations secrètes avec Mandela en vue de sa libération, le régime s’acharne à discréditer son épouse, figure emblématique des #townships, qui comprend mieux que personne les aspirations de la jeunesse et ne cesse de fustiger le capitalisme.

    Le saint et la pécheresse
    Entrelaçant archives et témoignages précieux, dont le sien et celui de sa fille Zindzi, ce portrait dense et très documenté éclaire le rôle majeur – et souvent sous-estimé – de cette militante engagée en première ligne dans la lutte antiapartheid. Il montre surtout comment le régime sud-africain s’est ingénié à opposer « le saint » Nelson Mandela à la « pécheresse » Winnie, redoutée pour son intransigeance, jusqu’à leur séparation et sa diabolisation. Mais si le film la réhabilite politiquement, il n’occulte pas pour autant les zones d’ombre de cette flamboyante personnalité, accusée d’avoir commandité l’assassinat du jeune #Stompie_Seipei_Moketsi, 14 ans. Au travers du parcours de cette femme insoumise, dont la popularité n’a jamais faibli dans son pays, une subtile réflexion sur l’histoire récente tourmentée de l’Afrique du Sud.

    https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/060778-000-A/winnie
    #film #documentaire #Afrique_du_Sud #Winnie_Mandela #résistance #femmes #histoire #biographie

    • #WinnieMandela: Remembering Nomzamo, the girl from Bizana

      So who was Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela, and what shaped her?

      She was born on 26 September 1936, the last in a family of four daughters in a part of South Africa – the Eastern Cape – that had already experienced several waves of subjugation, some more effective than others.

      Forty years earlier the Glen Grey Act had been passed which led to the annexation of the Transkei and Pondolond under the control of the Cape Colony. It was the culmination of several attempts to seize the rich agricultural land of the Eastern Cape over more than 100 years.

      The draconian measures put in place by the colonial state to bring the region under control were not completely successful. The indomitable spirit of resistance forged over centuries of conflict made it impossible to fully subjugate the people of this region.

      By the time the Union of South Africa was established in 1910 it became clear that more controls were needed to smash resistance to land appropriation by white settlers. In 1913 the Union state passed the inhuman Natives Land Act. With this act, the South African state prohibited Africans from owning and renting land in 93% of the country. It laid the groundwork for massive segregation.

      The various waves of subjugation from colonial wars, skirmishes and laws, missionaries, encroachments of settlers and the mass expropriation of land meant that even the lush bountiful valleys of the Transkei were made poor. Men were then forced into migrant labour on the golden reefs of Witwatersrand.

      Madikizela was born into this contested space and into a family of accomplished women who encouraged open questioning about oppression.


      https://www.iol.co.za/news/opinion/winniemandela-remembering-nomzamo-the-girl-from-bizana-14475889

  • Where were you when #Chris_Hani was killed?
    http://africasacountry.com/where-were-you-when-chris-hani-was-killed

    On the day he died, i was in our flat on grafton and minors in #Yeoville. my dad called. i turned on the TV to hear the worst news. i remember being quite hysterical, laughing, not because i thought it was funny. somehow, tears seemed too little and my emotions were confused. i hear that an aunt of mine laughs when she is sad. i had only had occassion to meet him once. we were visiting MK cadres on hunger strike in hospital - Neo, Ting Ting, Jabu. i had a crush on Ting. we were sitting on the floor in the corridor of the hospital one fine day, an ordinary day, waiting for the doctors to tend to our comrades. then, the light became brighter, the world slowed down, and walking down the corridor in a haze of nostalgia was our hero, Chris Hani. he shook our hands. and we were (...)

    #HISTORY #OPINION #POLITICS #Boksburg #Dawn_Park #South_Africa

  • #Chris_Hani’s political legacy
    http://africasacountry.com/the-late-chris-hanis-political-legacy

    The American political scientist Adolph Reed Jnr. once said of Malcolm X: “… He was just like the rest of us—a regular person saddled with imperfect knowledge, human frailties, and conflicting imperatives, but nonetheless trying to make sense of his very specific history, trying unsuccessfully to transcend it, and struggling to push it in a humane direction.” Because in the political present, most of Chris Hani’s comrades in the ruling ANC, the Communist Party and the main trade federation, COSATU, are such disappointments, the tendency is to set him up as some kind of ideal type (even opposition parties, who had time for Hani’s ideas and struggle while he was alive, are doing so opportunistically). At the same time, Hani represented the energies that people inside and outside South (...)

    #POLITICS

  • #Madiba : I remember
    http://africasacountry.com/madiba-i-remember

    I remember not knowing what you looked like; at sunrise seeing the regime’s footmen erase your name from walls before the paint had dried. I remember, as a child, sitting on the back seat of the car on the way to town, and at the top of Hospital Bend, my aunt pointing to #Robben_Island […]

    #HISTORY #NELSON_MANDELA #Bill_Clinton #Chris_Hani #Nelson_Mandela #Zackie_Achmat