facility:wiley online library

Harvest selection on multiple traits in the wild revealed by aquatic animal telemetry - Moland - - Ecology and Evolution - Wiley Online Library

▻https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.5224

Harvesting can have profound impacts on the ecology and evolution of marine populations. However, little is known about the strength and direction of fisheries‐induced selection acting on multiple traits in the wild. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to directly monitor individual behavior and fate in an intensively harvested species, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus, n = 100), in southern Norway. Overall, 24% of the tracked lobsters survived the two‐month harvest season within the study area. Our results indicated that local survival was not random with respect to phenotype. We found no clear support for fisheries‐induced selection acting directly on body size. However, lobsters with large crusher claws relative to their body size, typical of socially dominant individuals, appeared at higher risk of being captured in the conventional trap fishery. We also detected a fine‐scale spatial gradient in survival. After accounting for this gradient, individuals displaying larger home ranges were more likely to survive the harvest season. Finally, we found significant repeatabilities for lobster behavior on a monthly timescale, indicating that individual behavioral attributes tended to persist and may reflect personality. Our study therefore provides empirical support for the need to consider an evolutionary enlightened approach to fisheries management that considers the influence of harvest on multiple traits of target species.

#biodiversité #nature #environnement #faune #flore

Extending the seductive allure of neuroscience explanations effect ...
▻https://diasp.eu/p/7759430

Extending the seductive allure of neuroscience explanations effect to popular articles about educational topics - Im - 2017 - British Journal of Educational Psychology - Wiley Online Library | #psychology #persuasion #influence #bias #neuroscience #education #explanations #seduction

Using archived television video footage to quantify phenology responses to climate change - De Frenne - - Methods in Ecology and Evolution - Wiley Online Library
▻https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/2041-210X.13024

Le changement climatique, c’est concret et observable. — Permalink

#climat #sciences

North Korea’s nuclear test site has collapsed ... and that may be why Kim Jong-un suspended tests | South China Morning Post
▻http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2143171/north-koreas-nuclear-test-site-has-collapsed-and-may-be-why-kim-jong-un
▻https://cdn4.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/620x356/public/images/methode/2018/04/25/7ed3c416-47d3-11e8-85b3-af25d27017e0_image_hires_191717.JPG

North Korea’s mountain nuclear test site has collapsed, putting China and other nearby nations at unprecedented risk of radioactive exposure, two separate groups of Chinese scientists studying the issue have confirmed. 

The collapse after five nuclear blasts may be why North Korean leader Kim Jong-un declared last Friday that he would freeze the hermit state’s nuclear and missile tests and shut down the site, one researcher said. 

The last five of Pyongyang’s six nuclear tests have all been carried out under Mount Mantap at the Punggye-ri nuclear test site in North Korea’s northwest.

A research team led by Wen Lianxing, a geologist with the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, concluded the collapse occurred following the detonation last autumn of North Korea’s most powerful thermal nuclear warhead in a tunnel about 700 metres (2,296 feet) below the mountain’s peak. 

The test turned the mountain into fragile fragments, the researchers found.

Ah ! souvenirs de Beryl…

Arctic sea ice may be declining faster than expected: study
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-arctic-research/arctic-sea-ice-may-be-declining-faster-than-expected-study-idUSKBN1CT2JD

https://s3.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20171024&t=2&i=1206815049&w=&fh=545px&fw=&ll=&pl=&sq=&r=LYNXMPED9N1JJ#.jpg

Arctic sea ice may be thinning faster than predicted because salty snow on the surface of the ice skews the accuracy of satellite measurements, a new study from the University of Calgary said on Tuesday.

The report from the Canadian university’s Cryosphere Climate Research Group published in the academic journal Geophysical Research Letters found satellite estimates for the thickness of seasonal sea ice have been overestimated by up to 25 percent.

That means the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free much sooner than some scientific predictions, which forecast sea ice will first disappear completely during summer months between 2040 and 2050, according to lead author Vishnu Nandan.

Hundreds of Mysterious Stone ‘Gates’ Found in Saudi Arabia’s Desert - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/19/science/saudi-arabia-gates-google-earth.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/science/20tb-gates-map01/20tb-gates-map01-facebookJumbo.png

Google Earth has unlocked the gates to ancient mysteries around the world.

For years, amateur and professional archaeologists have used the search engine’s satellite imagery to discover mysterious earthworks in Kazakhstan, Roman ruins, a forgotten fortress in Afghanistan and more. In the past decade, Google Earth also has helped identify thousands of burial sites and other “works of the old men,” as they’re called, scattered across Saudi Arabia.

Now, archaeologists have uncovered nearly 400 previously undocumented stone structures they call “gates” in the Arabian desert that they believe may have been built by nomadic tribes thousands of years ago.

“We tend to think of Saudi Arabia as desert, but in practice there’s a huge archaeological treasure trove out there and it needs to be identified and mapped,” said David Kennedy, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia and author of a paper set to appear in the November issue of the journal Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy.

“You can’t see them very well from the ground level, but once you get up a few hundred feet, or with a satellite even higher, they stand out beautifully.”

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/24/science/20tb-gates3/20tb-gates3-master1050-v2.jpg

#Caspian_Sea evaporating as temperatures rise, study finds
▻http://news.agu.org/press-release/caspian-sea-evaporating-as-temperatures-rise-study-finds
▻http://sites.agu.org/files/2017/08/The-Caspian-Sea-from-Space.jpg

http://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/12378-caspian-3.jpg

Earth’s largest inland body of water has been slowly evaporating for the past two decades due to rising temperatures associated with climate change, a new study finds.

Water levels in the Caspian Sea dropped nearly 7 centimeters (3 inches) per year from 1996 to 2015, or nearly 1.5 meters (5 feet) total, according to the new study. The current Caspian Sea level is only about 1 meter (3 feet) above the historic low level it reached in the late 1970s.

Increased evaporation over the Caspian Sea has been linked to increased surface air temperatures. According to the data from the study, the average yearly surface temperature over the Caspian Sea rose by about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) between the two time frames studied, 1979-1995 and 1996-2015. These rising temperatures are likely a result of climate change, according to the study’s authors.

Evaporation brought about by warming temperatures appears to be the primary cause of the current drop in sea level and the decline will likely continue as the planet warms, according to the study’s authors.

“From our point of view as geoscientists, it’s an interesting place because it’s possible to construct a sort of budget for the total amount of water that’s there,” said Clark Wilson, a geophysicist with the Jackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas at Austin, and co-author of the new study published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union. “The real control that causes it to go up and down over long periods of time is really most likely the evaporation, which is almost completely dominated by temperature.”

#Mer_Caspienne

Study : Ship Emissions Make Thunderstorms More Intense – gCaptain
▻http://gcaptain.com/study-ship-exhaust-makes-thunderstorms-more-intense

A new study mapping lightning around the globe finds lightning strokes occur nearly twice as often directly above heavily-trafficked shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea than they do in areas of the ocean adjacent to shipping lanes that have similar climates.

The difference in lightning activity can’t be explained by changes in the weather, according to the study’s authors, who conclude that aerosol particles emitted in ship exhaust are changing how storm clouds form over the ocean.

The study published Sept. 7 in Geophysical Research Letters is the first to show ship exhaust can alter thunderstorm intensity. The researchers conclude that particles from ship exhaust make cloud droplets smaller, lifting them higher in the atmosphere. This creates more ice particles and leads to more lightning.

The results provide some of the first evidence that humans are changing cloud formation on a nearly continual basis, rather than after a specific incident like a wildfire, according to the authors. Cloud formation can affect rainfall patterns and alter climate by changing how much sunlight clouds reflect to space.

“It’s one of the clearest examples of how humans are actually changing the intensity of storm processes on Earth through the emission of particulates from combustion,” said lead author Joel Thornton, a UW professor of atmospheric sciences.

Common climatic signal from glaciers in the European Alps over the last 50 years - Vincent - 2017 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library

▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL072094/full

Merci à @freakonometrics d’avoir signalé cette recherche sur Twitter, je la référence ici.

▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/2016GL072094/asset/image_n/grl55507-fig-0001.png?v=1&t=izcf7pb7&s=aa38a0c7bbebfa5b0dc1da2b

Conventional glacier-wide mass balances are commonly used to study the effect of climate forcing on glacier melt. Unfortunately, the glacier-wide mass balances are also influenced by the glacier’s dynamic response. Investigations on the effects of climate forcing on glaciers can be largely improved by analyzing point mass balances. Using a statistical model, we have found that 52% of the year-to-year deviations in the point mass balances of six glaciers distributed across the entire European Alps can be attributed to a common variability. Point mass balance changes reveal remarkable regional consistencies reaching 80% for glaciers less than 10 km apart. Compared to the steady state conditions of the 1962–1982 period, the surface mass balance changes are −0.85 m water equivalent (w.e.) a−1 for 1983–2002 and −1.63 m w.e. a−1 for 2003–2013. This indicates a clear and regionally consistent acceleration of mass loss over recent decades over the entire European Alps.

#climat #glaciers

Green grabs, land grabs and the spatiality of displacement: eviction from Mozambique’s Limpopo National Park - Lunstrum - 2015 - Area - Wiley Online Library
▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/area.12121/abstract;jsessionid=F73AF8B9F1EE91764EF2CC866EF1EB9F.f02t02
via @cdb_77

The Mozambican state is currently working to relocate 7000 people from the interior of the Limpopo National Park (LNP), itself part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP). As the process began in 2003, this stands out as one of the region’s most protracted contemporary conservation-related evictions. I draw from this case to shed light on the increasingly complex spatial dynamics of land and green grabs and, more specifically, demonstrate the importance of zooming out from discrete land acquisitions to examine how their resulting displacements are increasingly shaped by spatial processes at and beyond their borders. In doing so, we begin to see that displacement from the LNP is not a simple case of eviction from a discrete protected area. Rather, it has been provoked by the opening of the international border, hence drawing transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) like the GLTP into the purview of land and green grabs.

#Mozambique #terres #aires_protégées #évictions

Globalisation, Sustainability and the Role of Institutions: The Case of the Chilean Salmon Industry - Iizuka - 2015 - Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie - Wiley Online Library
▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tesg.12132/abstract
via @cdb_77

The importance of aquaculture in the fishery sector is increasing. The growth of aquaculture complements the stagnant growth of extractive fisheries. Many countries are now entering this emerging economic activity. This positive feature has some serious drawbacks when the country has no local institutions to ensure the environmental sustainability of aquaculture. The Chilean salmon farming industry has grown dramatically since the mid-1980s to become the leading exporter of farmed salmon after Norway. The sector, however, suffered decline due to the sanitary crisis in 2007. It is said that this crisis was caused by overexploitation and overconcentration of fish farms. This paper tries to explain the mechanisms of the sanitary crisis – a ‘tragedy of the commons’ – by paying attention to the role of endogenous factors such as local knowledge, capacity building, local ecological conditions and the emergence of local institutions, focusing on the case of salmon farming in Chile.

#saumon #aquaculture #Chili #écologie #pollution

Intensive agriculture reduces soil biodiversity across Europe - Tsiafouli - Global Change Biology - Wiley Online Library (v Agricultural Biodiversity)
▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.12752/abstract

Reconsidering Regime Type and Growth: Lies, Dictatorships, and Statistics - Magee - 2014 - International Studies Quarterly - Wiley Online Library
▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isqu.12143/abstract

Some recent papers have concluded that authoritarian regimes have faster economic growth than democracies. These supposed growth benefits of autocracies are estimated using data sets in which growth rates rely heavily on data reported by each government. Governments have incentives to exaggerate their economic growth figures, however, and authoritarian regimes may have fewer limitations than democracies on their ability to do so. This paper argues that growth data submitted to international agencies are overstated by authoritarian regimes compared to democracies. If true, it calls into question the estimated relationship between government type and economic growth found in the literature. To measure the degree to which each government’s official growth statistics are overstated, the economic growth rates reported in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators are compared to a new measure of economic growth based on satellite imaging of nighttime lights. This comparison reveals whether or not dictators exaggerate their true growth rates and by how much. Annual GDP growth rates are estimated to be overstated by 0.5–1.5 percentage points in the statistics that dictatorships report to the World Bank.

#mensonges #statistiques redressés par #satellite, via @francoisbriatte

Articles sur Berlin en accès libre sur Wiley

Metropolis Berlin? Prospects and problems of post-November 1989 urban developments - Schmoll - 2009 - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research - Wiley Online Library

▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1990.tb00163.x/abstract

Metropolis Berlin? Prospects and problems of post-November 1989 urban developments

Fritz Schmoll

Reflections on Berlin: The Meaning of Construction and the Construction of Meaning - Marcuse - 2002 - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research - Wiley Online Library

▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.00143/abstract

Reflections on Berlin: The Meaning of Construction and the Construction of Meaning

Peter Marcuse

Berlin transformations: another view - Lenhart - 2003 - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research - Wiley Online Library
▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.00424/abstract

Berlin transformations: another view

Karin Lenhart

Squatting and Urban Renewal: The Interaction of Squatter Movements and Strategies of Urban Restructuring in Berlin - HOLM - 2010 - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research - Wiley Online Library

▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.001009.x/abstract

Squatting and Urban Renewal: The Interaction of Squatter Movements and Strategies of Urban Restructuring in Berlin

ANDREJ HOLM1,*,
ARMIN KUHN2,

#berlin #allemagne

Nicolás Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire: Why Columbus Sailed South to the Indies - Steinberg - 2009 - Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography - Wiley Online Library

►http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2009.00377_1.x/abstract

Nicolás Wey Gómez, The Tropics of Empire: Why Columbus Sailed South to the Indies

Philip E. Steinberg

Article first published online: 23 NOV 2009

DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9493.2009.00377_1.x

© 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

#bibliographie #livre #cartographie-historique #géographie-historique #empire #explorations #découvertes

UPWARDS, OUTWARDS AND WESTWARDS : RELOCATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS IN THE OSLO REGION

Geografiska Annaler : Series B, Human Geography - Wiley Online Library

▻http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geob.12006/abstract

UPWARDS, OUTWARDS AND WESTWARDS: RELOCATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS IN THE OSLO REGION

Lena Magnusson Turner,
Terje Wessel

Article first published online: 28 FEB 2013

Our purpose in this article is to examine socio-economic and spatial integration of ethnic minorities in the Oslo region. We analyse relocation between 1998 and 2008 for members of ten minority groups along three overlapping dimensions: upwards in the neighbourhood hierarchy, outwards from the inner city to all suburbs, and westwards from a less affluent to a more affluent part of the region. The results provide some limited support for spatial assimilation theory. Two minority groups, Iranians and Vietnamese, comply partly with the theory. Another group, Filipinos, has stagnated in its socio-economic and spatial integration. The remaining groups do not relocate in accordance with the native pattern, or fail to integrate in socio-economic terms. The discrepancy between theory and results is most pronounced along the westward axis. We interpret the results in a broader context of regional and national circumstances: spatial assimilation theory may have different utility in different welfare regimes, depending on spatial inequality and the politics of place.

#migrations #asile #norvège #oslo

Incidence of anaphylaxis in the city of Alcorcon (Spain): a population-based study - Tejedor Alonso - 2012 - Clinical & Experimental Allergy - Wiley Online Library
►http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03930.x/abstract;jsessionid=AFD7F294437EDA2D9F670854234D375F.d02t04