De l’influence du changement climatique sur le monde (et les révolutions) arabe(s)
►http://blogs.mediapart.fr/blog/association-iremmo/270513/de-l-influence-du-changement-climatique-sur-le-monde-et-les-revoluti
il est rare de parler de monde arabe et … d’environnement. S’il y a bien un champ trop peu exploré, c’est la question du réchauffement climatique dans cette région.
Une sélection de liens intéressants par l’IREMMO
#climat
#monde_arabe
merci @gonzo, en effet j’avais vu ce signalement. Cela me rappelle aussi les travaux de Rami Zreik
Voir http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/Oct/17/Arab-states-reeling-under-global-food-crisis---NGOs.ashx#axzz2UgYuLNlA
et sur son blog :
►http://landandpeople.blogspot.fr/2011/04/food-and-arab-uprising.html
Inflation hits highest levels in more than two years
http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/inflation-hits-highest-levels-more-two-years
the annual inflation rate increased during February by 2.8 percent to 8.7 percent (132.8 points), reaching its highest monthly rate since September 2010.
(...)
The biggest hikes were in food prices, which went up by 2.9 percent from January, but medicine prices also spiked and affected the local health care sector, Guindy said. He added that although diesel fuel and butane gas prices went up, they didn’t affect overall inflation rates.
Le film que les banques voudraient interdire - YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=EIATwQLrJ14
La cupidité de nos banquiers st sans limite"
Publiée le 22 févr. 2013
Banks are earning huge profits from betting on food prices in unregulated financial markets. This creates instability and pushes up global food prices, making poor families around the world go
Ending Hunger | The high price of food
http://www.endinghunger.org/en/mappinghunger/oxfam_map.html
A simple map for a complex problem
Oxfam created a helpful and wonderfully simple food price pressure points map to illustrate the food price situation around the world.
Some of the drivers of rising food prices appear again and again. Climate change has caused drought in certain places making the food grown in drought-affected areas very costly. Biofuels are mostly made from corn-based ethanol. Today there is more corn feeding cars than hungry people. Financial speculation has also pushed food prices upwards, and has caused volatile food price swings.
To see how the map illuminates the problems, click on different countries or “pressure points. You will find a description of the particular problems and causes in each location, and see the effect of rising food prices in each region. See the “Stats” page to understand the connection between undernourishment and a dependency on imports. And don’t forget to take a look at the photo gallery to see images of the effects of rising food prices across the world.
Global Resource Depletion : Monthly Review :: Monthly Review
http://monthlyreview.org/2013/01/01/global-resource-depletion
The general problem of rapid resource depletion that occurs in the poor countries of the world is frequently a result of foreign exploitation and not because of a country’s growing population. The exploitation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s natural resources by shady means—“opaque deals to acquire prime mining assets”—organized through shell companies by British and Israeli capital is an example of what can happen.
Signalé par Ramy Zuraik :
http://landandpeople.blogspot.fr/2013/01/opaque.html
Data Highlights from “Full Planet, Empty Plates” | EPI
http://www.earth-policy.org/data_highlights/2012/highlights32
des tas de #données intéressantes sur les #crises de la planète
http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/graphs_tables/highlights32_EdTFR.PNG
In a world hungry for biofuels, food security must come first | Olivier De Schutter | Global development | guardian.co.uk
http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/oct/17/world-hungry-biofuels-food-security
Growing crops for food and fuel together can work but farmers and policymakers must prioritise hungry people and think local
Food shortages could force world into vegetarianism, warn scientists | The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/aug/26/food-shortages-world-vegetarianism
Leading water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global food supplies, saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to a vegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.
Humans derive about 20% of their protein from animal-based products now, but this may need to drop to just 5% to feed the extra 2 billion people expected to be alive by 2050, according to research by some of the world’s leading water scientists.
Must the Poor Go Hungry Just so the Rich Can Drive?
http://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/world-hunger/general-analysis-on-hunger/51830-must-the-poor-go-hungry-just-so-the-rich-can-drive-.html?itemid=
On the closing day of the Olympics, UK Prime Minister David Cameron hosted the “Global Hunger and Nutrition summit” to promote what George Monbiot sees as a corporate and paternalistic approach to overseas aid. The summit failed to address Western countries’ demand for biofuels, which is causing a global land grab and worsening food price increases brought about by the recent drought. Biofuel policies of Western governments perpetuate an unjust system in which the richest population over-consumes at the expense of the poorest population’s survival. Rather than focusing on charity, Western governments should adopt policies that ease the burden of rising food prices on the world’s poorest.
Report: Drought worsens in key farm states
http://bigstory.ap.org/article/report-drought-worsens-key-farm-states
Severe drought punishing the U.S.’s midsection has sent corn prices soaring by almost 23 percent, and expectations of worsened crop prospects in Russia because of dry weather sent world wheat prices up 19 percent, according to the FAO, which keeps close tabs on volatile global prices. Spikes in the prices of staple foods have led to riots in some countries in recent years.
The U.S. leads the world in exporting corn, soybeans and wheat, and the surging prices are expected to be felt across the international marketplace, hurting poor food-importing countries, said a study by British charity Oxfam issued on the eve of the U.N. report.
Land Ownership and Hunger
http://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/world-hunger/land-ownership-and-hunger.html
Unfair distribution and lack of access to land are key explanations for poverty and hunger. In many parts of the world, it is the rich elites, not poor rural people, who own the land. And even if they do, inequality in wealth and power relations makes the rural poor more vulnerable to losing their rights. The struggle for land reform, which would shift the balance of power in favor of marginalized landless farmers, has been going on for many decades. However the food and financial crises contribute to worsening the trend towards land concentration, in which governments, agro-industrial corporations and private investors buy up fertile land in poor countries, depriving small farmers of their ability to grow their own food.
Banks profit on hunger
http://www.corporateeurope.org/news/banks-profit-hunger
European banks, pension funds and insurance companies are increasing global hunger and poverty by speculating on food prices and financing land grabs in poorer countries, according to Farming Money, a new report just released.
Financial speculators responsible for rising global food prices, claims report | Global development | guardian.co.uk
http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/sep/13/financial-speculators-spiralling-food-prices
#spéculation #alimentation
The New Green Revolution: How Twenty-First-Century Science Can Feed the World
http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/217-hunger/50666-the-new-green-revolution-how-twenty-first-century-science-can-fe
In this article, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food Olivier De Schutter analyzes the current food crisis and concludes that agroecology-the application of ecological science to the study, design, and management of sustainable agriculture –holds great promise to meet the challenges of global food insecurity. Strategies to combat hunger must recognize the impact of climate change, scarcity of natural resources, and the unsustainable nature of current methods of food production. Advocates of agroecology include the World Bank, FAO, UNEP, IASSTD, and the largest transnational peasant movement, La Via Campensina.
Speculating with lives: How global investors make money out of hunger
http://farmlandgrab.org/post/view/19180
But how did the situation arise that hedge funds and investment banks can now influence the costs of bread in Tunisia, corn meal in Kenya and corn in Mexico? What happened to allow large pension funds and small investors to gamble with the world’s food supply? And how did the markets in Chicago, New York and London come to play such a decisive role in determining how many people must go without food?
Argentina debates foreign land buys
http://farmlandgrab.org/post/view/19172
Argentina’s Congress is gearing up for a debate on a bill to limit the amount of farmland foreigners can buy, amid a surge of interest in land deals triggered by rising food prices.
The Cause Of Riots And The Price of Food - Technology Review
http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/27083/?nlid=nldly&nld=2011-08-15
But what’s interesting about this analysis is that Lagi and co say that high food prices don’t necessarily trigger riots themselves, they simply create the conditions in which social unrest can flourish. “These observations are consistent with a hypothesis that high global food prices are a precipitating condition for social unrest,” say Lagi and co.
In other words, high food prices lead to a kind of tipping point when almost anything can trigger a riot, like a lighted match in a dry forest.
This is important to bear in mind, because rising food prices have historically been the trigger for political revolutions. The three
revolutions that made the modern world, in France, Russia, and China, all had their immediate origins in food shortages, fear of hunger, and disputes about food pricing.
The panic about bread that swept France in 1789, and the inability of the government to guarantee supplies, destroyed the ancien regime. Louis XVI was contemptuously called “le boulanger,” the baker. Wartime inflation destroyed stability in the Russian empire in 1917, as farmers, worried about the declining value of their money, hoarded their output and let the cities starve. The Bolsheviks came to power on a promise of bread (and peace). China, too, was paralyzed by inflation after the Second World War, leaving it vulnerable to food panics.
Food prices are usually not limited in their effects to one country alone. Simultaneous revolutions swept Europe in 1848, in the aftermath of crop failures whose most notorious manifestation was the Irish famine. Price rises have been a major trigger of the discontent this year in the Middle East and North Africa. Though the Egyptian and Tunisian economies were expanding quite satisfactorily, people had to pay much more for food.
http://truthout.org/food-revolution/1307287234
le 5 juin 2011
Comment Goldman Sachs a provoqué la crise alimentaire | Slate (trad. Foreign Policy)
►http://www.slate.fr/story/39483/goldman-sachs-provoque-crise-alimentaire
Goldman Sachs a créé un indice boursier sur les matières premières qui a déstabilisé le système. Et après la crise de 2008, les investisseurs se sont tournés vers ce secteur, contribuant ainsi à la formation d’une « bulle alimentaire ».
Comme d’hab The guardian.co.uk fait le truc super vachement utile pour nous tous et - il faut le rappeler, offre les données qui vont avec.
Je suis jaloux
A decade of global food prices
We’ve pulled out all the data on global food prices from the UN’s monthly food price reports. Roll over the chart to see changes in the prices indices for meat, dairy, cereals, oils and sugar. Zoom in to explore price spikes over the last decade.
• Explore the data behind this chart
#alimentation #crisealimentaire #matièrespremières #spéculation
c’est intéressant, mais comme souvent avec les données brutes, ça n’est pas très explicatif... de combien la spéculation fait-elle monter les prix ? 5% ? 40% ?
Qui donc sait que l’entreprise #Glencore, dont le siège est à Baar/Zoug (Suisse), a généré en 2008 un chiffre d’affaires de 152 milliards de dollars ?
http://prazgregoire.blog.tdg.ch/archive/2010/11/11/speculation-sur-les-denrees-alimentaires-speculation-sur-la.ht
http://www.bastamag.net/article1352.html
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glencore
+ l’enquête de Marc Roche du 25 mai 2011 dans lemonde.fr : « Ivan Glasenberg L’homme qui vaudra 10 milliards » (accès payant)
(sans parler du reste, conversion de terres agricoles en terres à agrocarburant ou golf, etc.)
Si l’on calcule le taux annuel moyen d’augmentation (de 100 à 250 sur 10 ans), cela donne en moyenne 9,5% d’augmentation annuelle.
Mais dormez braves gens, les économistes du gouvernement continuent de nous soutenir mordicus que le pouvoir d’achat n’a cessé de progresser.
@lou oui mais à dollar constant ? il faudrait au minimum pouvoir comparer au prix d’autres ressources ; par ailleurs la corrélation entre prix de base sur le marché et prix de l’aliment transformé dépend très fortement du pays (taxes et subventions sont nombreuses). bref si sur ces schémas on voit que « ça monte » et on discerne éventuellement une part du coût due à la spéculation, il faut de bonnes bases d’économétrie pour en déduire l’âge du capitaine
Cette inflation est bien entendue à dollar fixe, mais c’est justement une mesure de l’érosion monétaire, donc elle ne peut pas se faire à dollar constant, ce serait absurde.
justement la question est de savoir si c’est une mesure de l’inflation des prix alimentaires ou de l’érosion monétaire (avec un impact sur tous les secteurs) ; sans explication complémentaires, ces données ne me paraissent pas si simples que ça à analyser
OpEdNews - The Reason Food Prices are Climbing- The Myth of a Shortage
http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Reason-Food-Prices-are-by-william-czander-110516-930.html
How does one hoard? It’s surprisingly easy. Get a silo purchase a commodity before it is seeded. Then at harvest fill the silo with several million tons. If that does not work then load millions of tons of the food commodity onto a giant tanker ship and leave it anchored in a local harbor, keep it there until the price climbs and sell for a major profit. Take some of your profits and build two or three more silos or rent more tankers and do it over again. Of course they do not call it hoarding it’s called “controlled inventories.” If enough do this they effectively control the price and the price moves in one direction. How much is being taken off the market and hoarded is unknown without federal oversight. This terrifies commodity hoarders so to keep the Feds off their tail they make certain the price for food in the US rises in small increments and Main Street is kept quite with stories of drought, bio-fuel, population growth and other fabrications.
Barclays faces protests over role in global food crisis | Business | The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/apr/25/barclays-faces-commodity-protests
Barclays will be targeted during its annual meeting on Wednesday by anti-poverty campaigners accusing it of playing a leading role in driving up food prices on global commodities markets.
Barclays Capital, the investment banking arm of the high street bank, is the UK’s biggest player in food commodity trading, and one of the top three banking players globally, according to a new analysis for the World Development Movement.
Along with Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, BarCap has pioneered new kinds of financial products that have enabled pension funds and other investors traditionally barred from commodities exchanges to bet on food prices.
Les prix alimentaires ont augmentés de 30% en un an en Asie via @lactualaloupe
Food prices are up 30 percent year-over-year.
If they rise by an equal amount this year, 193 million people will be forced into poverty, according to a new report from the Asia Development Bank. A 30 percent rise would reduce growth by up to 0.6 percent. If accompanied by a 30 percent rise in oil prices, growth will fall nearly two percent in some countries.
When food prices reached this level in 2008, many called it an aberration. Now it’s seems the rise in food prices is a long term trend, which can’t be chalked up simply to liquidity or weather.
Every country in Asia has taken measures to address the crisis, including tax cuts, export restrictions, price controls and food aid.
Asia Development Bank Warns Of Massive Food Crisis That Will Drive 200 Million Asians Into Poverty
http://www.businessinsider.com/asia-development-bank-food-crisis-2011-4?op=1
This Is Just The Start - NYTimes.com
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/02/opinion/02friedman.html
#Thomas_Friedman is an idiot
“Future historians will long puzzle over how the self-immolation of a Tunisian street vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, in protest over the confiscation of his fruit stand, managed to trigger popular uprisings across the Arab/Muslim world. We know the big causes — tyranny, rising food prices, youth unemployment and social media. But since being in Egypt, I’ve been putting together my own back-of-the-envelope guess list of what I’d call the “not-so-obvious forces” that fed this mass revolt.”
U.S. Had Helo Deal With Ousted Tunisian Dictator
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/01/u-s-copter-sales-cant-save-wiki-ousted-tunisian-dictator
As it turned out, the Obama administration tried last year to give him what would amount to a parting gift: $282 million worth of upgrades to Ben Ali’s helicopter fleet.
[...]
But our pals at War Is Business report that since Ben Ali came to power in 1987, U.S. military assistance to him has totaled $349 million — meaning the SH-60 sale represented a massive escalation in aid.
Jordan: Thousands of demonstrators protest food prices, denounce government | Babylon & Beyond | Los Angeles Times
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/01/jordan-protests-food-prices-muslim-brotherhood-tunisia-strike-
In an unprecedented development in Jordan, protests similar to those that have rocked Tunisia and Algeria in recent weeks erupted in the Arab kingdom Friday.
Thousands of people took to the streets of the capital, Amman, and several other cities to protest rising food prices and unemployment, media reports say.
Traduction:
Jordanie : des milliers de manifestants contre les prix de la nourriture, ils dénoncent le gouvernement
En un développement sans précédent en Jordanie, des manifestations similaires à celles qui ont eu lieu en Tunisie et en Algérie ces dernières semaines ont éclaté dans le royaume arabe vendredi.
Des milliers de personnes ont défilé dans les rues de la capitale, Amman, et dans plusieurs autres villes pour protester contre l’augmentation des prix de la nourriture et le chômage, selon les médias.