organization:food and agriculture organization of the united nations

New maps show the utterly massive imprint of fishing on the world’s oceans - The Washington Post
▻https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/02/22/new-maps-show-the-utterly-massive-imprint-of-fishing-on-the-worlds-o

Humans are now fishing at least 55 percent of the world’s oceans — an area four times larger than the area occupied by humanity’s onshore agriculture.

That startling statistic is among the findings of a unique, high-tech collaboration that is providing a massive amount of new data about global fishing operations. The results, published Thursday in the journal Science, offer a powerful glimpse of the problem of overfishing on the hard-to-regulate high seas. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 31.4 percent of global fish stocks were overfished or fished unsustainably, as of 2013, while another 58.1 percent were “fully fished.”

Thursday’s findings relied on data from Global Fishing Watch, a collaboration encompassing Oceana, SkyTruth and Google. Researchers compiled billions of data points from tracking systems that the International Maritime Organization requires for about 70,000 fishing vessels.

Tracking the global footprint of fisheries
►http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6378/904
#pêche #surpêche #cartographie

Shhhh. The “Gene Silenced” Apple Is Coming. – Mother Jones
▻http://www.motherjones.com/food/2018/01/shhhh-the-gene-silenced-apple-is-coming/#

http://www.motherjones.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/original-conventional-vs-arctic.jpeg?w=1200&h=630&crop=1

Why go through all this trouble to change the color of the fruit? The Arctic’s non-browning properties mean it can be sold pre-sliced, which the company says makes it more appealing as a snack food for kids. And unlike other prepackaged apple slices, “our non-browning sliced apples are preservative free, avoiding negative flavor and aroma impacts of anti-browning treatments,” Okanagan President Neal Carter told me.

Et l’argument écologiste en prime

And if the apples stay white, we’re less likely to toss them out, according to the Breakthrough Institute, which is helping promote the fruit: “By eliminating superficial bruising and browning, the Arctic Apple holds the potential to dramatically reduce consumer food waste once it enters the market.” Food makes up the largest share of waste at municipal landfills, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Around the world, almost half of all fruits and vegetables are wasted every year, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, and that includes a startling 3.7 trillion apples.
Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc.

But if the point of the apple is to help reduce food waste, why market it in a way that requires so much packaging? I asked the company, and it responded that the plastic bags are recyclable, as are the shipping cartons and trays. Still, it’s hard to see how whole apples would require as much plastic, recyclable or not.

Et la mention OGM n’est pas sur l’emballage

ut the Arctic apples are one of the first genetically modified foods created to please consumers, rather than farmers. “It’s good for people to bite into one of these apples and see in their own hand how simple it is,” says Professor Pam Ronald, a plant pathologist and geneticist at the University of California-Davis. “It tastes the same.”
If you come across a packet of Arctic apple slices in stores, it won’t say “GM” on the label.

That’s only if they know what they’re eating. A law signed in 2016 by President Barack Obama requires companies to reveal whether a product is genetically modified, but it does not force them to print that information on its packaging. If you come across a packet of Arctic apple slices in stores, it won’t say “GM” on the label. Instead, there will be a QR code on the back that you can scan with a smartphone to learn more about Okanagan and the biotechnology at work.

#OGM #discours #Pomme

#références_projet_perso #liste
« IMPACT SUR... »
santé & environnement

SANTÉ
artères
→ nutrition facts
alimentation végétale VS alimentation "normale" américaine VS grand sportif avec une alimentation "normale" américaine
▻http://nutritionfacts.org/video/arteries-of-vegans-vs-runners

viande rouge
→ OMS
communiqué de 2015
▻http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/cancer-red-meat/fr
▻http://www.who.int/features/qa/cancer-red-meat/fr

lait
→ BMJ
étude suédoise, 2014, parue dans le British Medical Journal
▻http://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/349/bmj.g6015.full.pdf

alimentation végétale en général
→ liens de textes de groupes de diététiciens, d’hôpitaux, et autres institutions de différents pays
▻https://vegankwaice.wordpress.com/2015/09/03/traduction-lalimentation-vegetalienne-des-vegan%C2%B7es-bonne

→ APSARES
Association de Professionnels de Santé pour une Alimentation Responsable (médecins & diététiciens français)
▻http://www.alimentation-responsable.com/position-de-lapsares

recommandations
→ FAO + WHO (World Health Organization)
un de leurs buts : promouvoir les bienfaits pour la santé des fruits et légumes à travers le monde
▻http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en

→ Jack Norris + Ginny Messina
doses recommandées de vitamines, par deux diététiciens
▻http://www.veganhealth.org/articles/dailyrecs

→ Ginny Messina
les 7 conseils santé de cette diététicienne
▻http://www.onegreenplanet.org/vegan-health/the-7-habits-of-healthy-vegans

+ sport

+→ listes athlètes végétaliens
exemples de sportifs végétaliens
▻http://www.greatveganathletes.com
▻http://www.adaptt.org/athletes.html
▻http://www.vegactu.com/category/sport
▻http://www.vegansociety.com/whats-new/blog/ten-best-plant-powered-athletes

_

PLANETE/HABITAT
impact global de l’agriculture
→ CITEPA
Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d’Études de la Pollution Atmosphérique ;
"association à but non lucratif [qui] élabore, vérifie et diffuse des informations relatives aux [GES]" ; "Operateur d’Etat pour le Ministère de Ecologie"
▻http://www.citepa.org/fr/air-et-climat/analyse-sectorielle/agriculture

→ FAO
Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) ;
"organisation intergouvernementale qui compte 194 Etats membres"
▻http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y3557f/y3557f11.htm

→ Worldwatch Institute
institut de recherche indépendant fondé en 1974 qui est centré sur les enjeux environnementaux mondiaux
▻https://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/Livestock%20and%20Climate%20Change.pdf
/étude de 2013_
▻http://www.worldwatch.org/agriculture-and-livestock-remain-major-sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions-
(et ça fait des années qu’ils voient la viande comme un problème environnemental : ▻http://www.worldwatch.org/node/549, 2004)

déforestation & destruction des habitats naturels d’autres animaux
→ Sérgio Margulis,
Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon, World Bank Working Paper, no. 22 (Washington, D.C : World Bank, 2004)
agriculture animale=première cause de déforestation de la forêt amazonienne (voir par exemple tableau p.37)
▻http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/02/02/000090341_20040202130625/Rendered/PDF/277150PAPER0wbwp0no1022.pdf

→ WWF (World Wildlife Fund)
"Forest loss and degradation is mostly caused by the expansion of agricultural land, intensive harvesting of timber, wood for fuel and other forest products, as well as overgrazing." (2016)
▻http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/problems/habitat_loss_degradation

→ Brian Machovina, Kenneth J. Feeley, and William J. Ripple
Biodiversity Conservation : The Key Is Reducing Meat Consumption (2015)
▻http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715303697

→ Dr Richard Oppenlander (chercheur, conférencier, et conseiller aux USA pour des programmes de luttes contre la faim dans le monde)
▻http://comfortablyunaware.com/blog/biodiversity-and-food-choice-a-clarification

destruction de la vie marine (pourtant nécessaire à l’humanité)
¶ National Geographic
l’oxygène que l’on respire est fourni par les forêts (28%) mais aussi par les plantes marines unicellullaires (70%)
▻http://nationalgeographic.org/activity/save-the-plankton-breathe-freely
▻http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/06/0607_040607_phytoplankton.html

→ FAO
plus de 90 million de tonnes de poissons sauvages sont pêchés (2011)
▻http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e01.pdf (tableau p. 3)

→ EJF (Environmental Justice Foundation, 2003)
impact des "prises accessoires" (animaux pêchés sans qu’on le veuille) qui sont rejetées à la mer (blessés ou morts)
▻http://ejfoundation.org/sites/default/files/public/squandering_the_seas.pdf (voir à partir de la p.15)

"zones mortes" maritimes
→ "Dead Zones"
Louisiana universities marine consortium, press release (2014)
"The amount of nutrient loading from the river increased considerably in the 1960s as a result of more intense agricultural activity in the watershed. The primary driver of the increased nutrient loading is agricultural land use, which is strongly influenced by farm policy."
▻http://www.gulfhypoxia.net/research/shelfwide%20cruises/2014/hypoxia_press_release_2014.pdf

Scientific American, EarthTalk (2016)
"Nitrogen and phosphorous from agricultural runoff are the primary culprits [...] Fortunately, dead zones are reversible if their causes are reduced or eliminated."
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ocean-dead-zones

eau
→ Water Footprint Assessment (WFA)
l’agriculture animale utilise environ 1/3 de l’eau potable, 2013
▻http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371713000024
voir l’impact de différents produits
▻http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/interactive-tools/product-gallery

→ "World Water Week" de SIWI (Stockholm International Water Institute)
15 000 litres d’eau pour obtenir 1 kg de chair de boeuf : la meilleure solution pour économiser l’eau, c’est de devenir végétalien (250 litres pour obtenir 1 kg de patates)
▻http://www.worldwaterweek.org/bestwaterideas

→ FAO, Pollution de l’eau par l’élevage du bétail
"The livestock sector is a key player in increasing water use, accounting for over 8 percent of global human water use, mostly for the irrigation of feedcrops. It is probably the largest sectoral source of water pollution, contributing to eutrophication, “dead” zones in coastal areas, degradation of coral reefs, human health problems, emergence of antibiotic resistance and many others. The major sources of pollution are from animal wastes, antibiotics and hormones, chemicals from tanneries, fertilizers and pesticides used for feedcrops, and sediments from eroded pastures." (p. 24 du pdf)
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0701e/a0701e00.pdf

+ chiffres
→ chiffres français
Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt ;
nombres des "productions animales" hors poissons 2014
▻http://agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/enquetes/statistique-agricole-annuelle-saa

→ la faim dans le monde pourrait être (théoriquement) éradiquée
les USA pourraient nourrir 800 millions de gens au lieu de nourrir les animaux pour manger leur chair
▻http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/1997/08/us-could-feed-800-million-people-grain-livestock-eat
la faim dans le monde concernait environ 795 millions de gens dans le monde en 2015
▻https://www.wfp.org/hunger/stats
▻http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm#Number_of_hungry_people_in_the_world

...

+→ infos provenant d’une source pro-végétal
AVF + Peta + L214 + Écologie sans frontière + VegLorraine
▻http://www.viande.info

Ethiopia: UN warns of deepening food insecurity, allocates emergency funds to tackle severe drought
▻http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52569
/News/dh/photos/large/2012/October/10-15-ifad-rural-women.jpg

With Ethiopia experiencing its worst drought in decades the United Nations is reporting deepening food insecurity and “severe emaciation and unusual livestock deaths” as the Organization’s humanitarian wing has allocated $17 million in emergency funding to help the Government tackle climate challenges and ensure timely food relief.

A recent report published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) warned that severe drought, driven by the #El_Niño phenomenon, has not only caused livestock deaths especially in pastoral areas, but it has also deteriorated food security conditions in recent months, as food insecure people have almost doubled from August to October this year.

While cereal prices dropped last month thanks to the carryover stocks from previous year, the report also indicated the soaring prices of dairy and vegetables, as a result of food inflation.

#Éthiopie #sécheresse #agriculture #alimentation

Detail Audio | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
▻http://www.fao.org/news/audio-video/detail-audio/en/?uid=10794

17 October 2014, Rome--- Registered Dietitian, Melinda Hemmelgarn, host of Food Sleuth interviews #Raymon_Seidler, Ph.D., formely with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and author of ’’Pesticide Use on Genetically Engineered Crops’’. Seider describes the risks of GMO seeds/crops.

#OGM

N. Korea’s rice output to dip in 2013-14 harvest year: U.N. report

▻http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2013/11/12/29/0401000000AEN20131112003300315F.html

SEOUL, Nov. 12 (Yonhap) — North Korea’s rice production is expected to dip 5.6 percent on-year to 1.7 million tons in the 2013-14 harvest year, data by the United Nations showed Tuesday, stoking worries about food shortages in the isolationist nation.

According to the forecast made by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the communist country’s rice output will likely be better than the annual average of 1.6 million tons produced from 2009 through 2011, but still fall short of the 1.8 million tons tallied in the 2012-13 period.

The latest forecast said the country needs a total of 1.9 million tons of rice to better feed its people till the summer of 2014. The total includes grain imports and aid shipments, in addition to agricultural output.

#corée_du_nord

IPS - Inter Press Service » IPS – Angola Slow on Drought Response as People Die of Hunger
▻http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/06/angola-slow-on-drought-response-as-people-die-of-hunger

The growing alarm over the devastating impact of the drought in the south of the country sits uncomfortably with Angola’s recent award from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. (FAO) ▻http://sergepacomeabonga.blogvie.com/2013/06/22/lutte-contre-la-faim-la-fao-rend-hommage-a-langola.

Agriculture Minister Afonso Pedro Canga travelled to FAO headquarters in Rome earlier this month to collect the award for Angola meeting the Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of people suffering from hunger and malnutrition.

While accepting that progress had been made since the end of Angola’s long civil war, which began in 1975 and continued at intervals until 2002, Father Pio said he felt the timing of the award – and the announcement that Angola would be donating 10 million dollars to the FAO’s Africa Solidarity Trust Fund to promote food security – sent the wrong message.

“People here are starving and they are giving all this money to the FAO. This is very upsetting,” he said, also referring to a front page headline of the state-owned newspaper about the FAO prize that boldly claimed, “Angola beats poverty”.

He said: “People assume that Angola is a rich country and that it is providing for its people, but it is not, it is quite the opposite, and despite all the money here, many people are suffering.

“There are two narratives in Angola: what the government tells you and what is really happening – it is very sad.”

UNICEF, which has been working with the government on its response strategy, declined to be interviewed for this report and was unable to give updates on its feeding programme or estimates of how many children were now at risk from malnutrition.

Manger des insectes peut-il être dangereux pour la santé ?

A priori, l’entomophagie –autrement dit le fait de se nourrir d’insectes– n’est pas plus dangereux pour la santé que n’importe quel autre type de nourriture. C’est même une alimentation très répandue dans plusieurs pays du monde.

Selon les chiffres publiés par la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), environ 2,5 milliards d’êtres humains (soit plus d’un tiers des habitants de la planète) se nourrissent régulièrement d’insectes, principalement en Afrique, en Asie et en Amérique latine.

Les 1.000 espèces d’insectes comestibles présentent des avantages nutritifs indéniables pour les humains, étant une excellente source de protéines, de matières grasses et de micronutriments. Preuve des bienfaits de cette alimentation, l’Union européenne a investi 3 millions d’euros en 2011 dans la promotion de la consommation d’insectes.

Mais manger des insectes n’est pas sans danger, et nécessite malgré tout quelques précautions.

#alimentation #insectes

►http://www.slate.fr/story/63239/manger-insectes-danger-sante

The Ten Most Amazing #Databases in the World | Popular Science
►http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2011-10/ten-most-amazing-databases-world

The Combined DNA Index System
The Encyclopedia of Life
The Food and Agriculture Organization Database
The Genographic Project
The International Panel on Climate Change’s Data Distribution Centre
The MD:Pro
OKCupid’s OKTrends
Sloan Digital Sky Survey Database
The Wayback Machine
WorldCat