#scot

UK heatwave prompts National Grid to fire up coal plant to meet aircon demand | Energy industry | The Guardian
▻https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/12/uk-heatwave-prompts-order-to-fire-up-coal-plant-to-meet-aircon-demand

National Grid asks for two units at Ratcliffe-on-Soar plant to be brought into action after temperature tops 30C

Scott Ritter on Russian Invasion
▻https://diasp.eu/p/14182069

Scott Ritter on Russian Invasion

▻https://youtu.be/3GkmdCaBECs

#ScottRitter #Ukraine #Russia #NATO #war

How China Lends: A Rare Look into 100 Debt Contracts with Foreign Governments

Date Published

Mar 31, 2021

Authors

#AnnaGelpern , #SebastianHorn , #ScottMorris, #BradParks, #ChristophTrebesch

Citation

Gelpern, A., Horn, S., Morris, S., Parks, B., & Trebesch, C. (2021). How China Lends: A Rare Look into 100 Debt Contracts with Foreign Governments. Peterson Institute for International Economics, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Center for Global Development, and AidData at William & Mary.

China is the world’s largest official creditor, but we lack basic facts about the terms and conditions of its lending. Very few contracts between Chinese lenders and their government borrowers have ever been published or studied. This paper is the first systematic analysis of the legal terms of China’s foreign lending. We collect and analyze 100 contracts between Chinese state-owned entities and government borrowers in 24 developing countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Oceania, and compare them with those of other bilateral, multilateral, and commercial creditors. Three main insights emerge. First, the Chinese contracts contain unusual confidentiality clauses that bar borrowers from revealing the terms or even the existence of the debt. Second, Chinese lenders seek advantage over other creditors, using collateral arrangements such as lender-controlled revenue accounts and promises to keep the debt out of collective restructuring (“no Paris Club” clauses). Third, cancellation, acceleration, and stabilization clauses in Chinese contracts potentially allow the lenders to influence debtors’ domestic and foreign policies. Even if these terms were unenforceable in court, the mix of confidentiality, seniority, and policy influence could limit the sovereign debtor’s crisis management options and complicate debt renegotiation. Overall, the contracts use creative design to manage credit risks and overcome enforcement hurdles, presenting #China as a muscular and commercially-savvy lender to the developing world.

The report:
▻https://docs.aiddata.org/ad4/pdfs/How_China_Lends__A_Rare_Look_into_100_Debt_Contracts_with_Foreign_Gove

https://assets-global.website-files.com/591515887c47180f72a5c58e/6063cf63fa4e1b9c9150d326_china-loan-cover-large.jpg

#Chine #grand_créancier #commerce #prêts #economie_globale

“I’ve discovered that almost every single article on the Scots version of Wikipedia is written by the same person - an American teenager who can’t speak Scots”

The Scots language version of Wikipedia is legendarily bad. People embroiled in linguistic debates about Scots often use it as evidence that Scots isn’t a language, and if it was an accurate representation, they’d probably be right. It uses almost no Scots vocabulary, what little it does use is usually incorrect, and the grammar always conforms to standard English, not Scots. I’ve been broadly aware of this over the years and I’ve just chalked it up to inexperienced amateurs. But I’ve recently discovered it’s more or less all the work of one person.

via ▻https://www.metafilter.com/188374/The-problem-is-that-this-person-cannot-speak-Scots
#scots

Reprise des écoles : A #Grenoble, message d’une enseignante de maternelle à une amie...
07.05.2020

Bonjour,

Nous sommes en train d’organiser le retour en #classe prévu le 25 mai.
Les conditions de #reprise vont être très contraignantes pour nous comme pour les enfants et il est important que vous soyez au courant de certains #impératifs.

En effet, vos enfants ne vont pas être regroupés par classe, donc pas forcément avec leur enseignante respective et leurs camarades. Les enfants des soignants et du personnel de gestion de la crise seront accueillis de droit tous les jours. En raison des limitations des #effectifs, les autres enfants se verront ou pas (nous espérons pouvoir répondre à toutes les demandes) proposer 1 ou 2 jours d’accueil par semaine.

La répartition se fera en fonction de critères bien précis afin de répondre au #protocole_sanitaire imposé par le Gouvernement.

Les activités des enfants vont être individuelles, sans #aucun_contact les uns avec les autres, les adultes compris. Il leur sera interdit de circuler dans la classe et de #toucher au matériel qui ne leur est pas attribué. Aucun adulte, ni aucun enfant n’a le droit de toucher le matériel des autres ou d’utiliser un #matériel_collectif (pas de correction, pas de #jeux de ballons, pas de jeux de société, etc).

Les groupes ne se rencontreront pas dans l’école (les entrées et sorties différentes, les #récréations_décalées, les #repas dans les classes, ni les #siestes).
Afin que le matériel reste individuel, nous allons créer des #barquettes au nom de votre enfant. Les adultes eux-mêmes, n’auront pas le droit d’y toucher après les avoir mises en place et laisser plusieurs jours sans y toucher.
Tous les #jouets des classes seront supprimés.

Votre rôle pour les enfants qui pourront revenir en classe (pour le
moment nous n’avons pas suffisamment d’informations pour vous dire si votre enfant pourra revenir en classe) :
– Expliquer à vos enfants les conditions d’ouverture de l’école (ils ne doivent pas s’approcher de leurs camarades et des adultes) ;
– Respecter les #gestes_barrières ;
– Ne pas toucher le matériel qui n’est pas dans sa #barquette_individuelle ;
– Prendre tous les matins la #température de votre enfant et le garder à la maison en cas de symptôme (toux, éternuement, essoufflement, mal de gorge, fatigue, troubles digestifs, sensation de fièvre, etc) .
– Interdiction d’envoyer son enfant à l’école si l’élève ou un membre de sa famille présente les mêmes #symptômes cités ci-dessus.

En toute transparence, nous nous devons de vous informer de ces conditions de reprise très particulières.

L’#enseignement_à_distance sera le même que celui dispensé en classe.

Bien cordialement,

L’équipe enseignante

#déconfinement #le_monde_d'après #école #réouverture_des_écoles #organisation

L’école de demain, cette #prison pour #enfants...

"Ils m’ont emballé comme un colis" : le cri de détresse d’un Camerounais expulsé de Turquie

https://i.imgur.com/LkfQUXC.png

Dans une série de vidéos publiées à la mi-février, un homme est emballé dans du film plastique à bord d’un avion de la #compagnie_aérienne Turkish Airlines. Ces images ont largement circulé au Cameroun, pays d’origine de ce passager, et ont suscité une vague d’indignation. La rédaction des Observateurs de France 24 a pu recueillir le témoignage de cet homme qui dénonce un traitement violent et humiliant de la part de cette entreprise et des autorités turques.

Notre rédaction a pu identifier une série de quatre #vidéos montrant un incident à bord du vol numéro TK667 reliant Istanbul et Yaoundé la nuit du 27 au 28 janvier 2020.

▻https://twitter.com/Ehuzud/status/1229365329727512576?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E12

Cette première vidéo montre le moment où le passager a commencé à protester contre son expulsion. Elle a été filmée par sa compagne qui se trouvait non loin. À la fin de la vidéo, une hôtesse de la compagnie #Turkish_Airlines, reconnaissable à son uniforme, l’empêche de filmer.

▻https://twitter.com/abelamundala/status/1229288299216461824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E12

Cette deuxième #vidéo montre le moment où les trois hommes qui entourent le passager commencent à lui retirer le film plastique qui entoure son torse. Ces images ont également été filmées par sa compagne.

Ces deux vidéos ont été publiées dès le 28 janvier sur Facebook et ont été transmises à l’influenceur camerounais #David_Eboutou par une passagère de l’avion Istanbul Yaoundé. On y voit le passager libéré de la plupart de son enveloppe de plastique et les hommes qui l’entourent essayer de le libérer du scotch et des menottes qu’il a aux chevilles.

En observant attentivement la série de vidéos, on voit clairement que l’homme est menotté à l’aide de sangles en plastique noir au niveau des poignets et de menottes aux chevilles. Par-dessus, ses vêtements ont été rajoutées plusieurs couches de #film_plastique, consolidées avec du large #scotch transparent.

https://i.imgur.com/9hE6qka.png

Un des trois hommes qui entoure le passager porte un rouleau de ce type de scotch à la main. On aperçoit également un masque chirurgical qui pend aux oreilles du passager et qu’il portait probablement avant de manifester sa colère à bord.

https://i.imgur.com/zIHKouV.png

« On m’a dit que mon visa était un faux et on m’a arrêté »
La rédaction des Observateurs de France 24 a pu retrouver cet homme. Emmanuel Fosso Someon Chedjou, 47 ans, est marchand de chaussures à Douala au Cameroun. Il a fourni plusieurs documents à notre rédaction permettant de prouver qu’il a bien effectué ce voyage et qu’il a été expulsé de l’aéroport d’Istanbul. Notre rédaction a également pu discuter avec six passagers qui étaient à ses côtés dans le centre de détention de l’aéroport. Tous ont livré un témoignage concordant avec le sien.

Je voulais me rendre à Dubaï avec ma compagne pour acheter un stock de chaussures et j’ai fait appel à une agence de voyage pour tout préparer. C’était ma première fois et j’ai compris trop tard que je m’étais fait arnaquer.

Le vol pour Dubaï passait par Istanbul avec une #escale de 8 heures, c’était le 21 janvier.

▻https://scd.observers.france24.com/files/imagecache/observers_full_width/rfi_multimedia_element_image/documents_dubai.jpeg

Sur cette photo prise avant le départ, on voit que le voyage entrepris par #Emmanuel_Chedjou et sa compagne vers Dubai devait durer du 21 au 29 janvier.

Quand nous sommes arrivés ma compagne est restée dans la zone de transit et j’ai voulu sortir de l’aéroport faire une course, vu que notre temps d’attente était très long. Arrivé au contrôle des passeports, on m’a dit que mon visa de transit était un faux et on m’a arrêté. On m’a emmené dans une sorte de centre de détention et j’ai retrouvé là-bas ma compagne qui avait été arrêtée entre temps.

https://scd.observers.france24.com/files/imagecache/observers_full_width/rfi_multimedia_element_image/document_inad_cache.jpg

Ce document, en turc et en anglais, détaille qu’Emmanuel Chedjou est décrété « #passager_non_admissible », ou INAD dans le jargon de l’aviation pour le motif suivant : « Visa ou permis de résidence contrefait ».

▻https://scd.observers.france24.com/files/imagecache/observers_full_width/rfi_multimedia_element_image/selfie.jpeg

Un selfie pris par Emmanuel Chedjou dans l’aéroport d’Istanbul, reconnaissable à son plafond, peu de temps avant son arrestation.

On m’a confisqué mon téléphone et on m’a demandé de signer des papiers que je ne pouvais pas lire puisqu’ils étaient en turc. J’ai aussi demandé à parler à un avocat et les officiers qui étaient là ont refusé.

Je ne savais pas exactement qui étaient ces officiers, si c’étaient des policiers, des gendarmes ou des agents de sécurité. Ils ne portaient pas d’uniformes.

Deux jours plus tard, ils ont voulu me déporter une première fois, le 23 janvier. J’ai protesté en disant que je voulais poursuivre mon voyage vers Dubaï et les officiers m’ont frappé. Un fois arrivé sur la passerelle de l’avion, j’ai protesté à nouveau et crié. À ce moment-là, l’équipage et le pilote de Turkish Airlines sont sortis et ont refusé de me prendre à bord. Ils ont demandé à ce que je sois pris en charge par le HCR.

Mais il n’en a rien été.

« Ils ont pris les rouleaux de film plastique utilisés pour emballer les valises »

J’ai continué de subir des tabassages et des menaces pour que je rentre dans mon pays. Le 28 janvier vers 13 h ils sont venus me chercher pour me rapatrier sur un vol vers Yaoundé, au Cameroun. J’ai protesté à nouveau et cette fois ils m’ont mis dans une pièce spéciale.

Il y avait une dizaine d’officiers et ils s’y sont mis à plusieurs pour me maîtriser. Ils ont d’abord mis des sangles en plastique à mes pieds et à mes poignets, puis de véritables menottes en métal. Ensuite ils ont rempli ma bouche de mouchoirs et l’ont fermée avec du scotch.

Enfin, ils ont pris deux grands rouleaux de film plastique, ceux qui sont utilisés dans les aéroports pour emballer les valises. Ils m’en ont mis des couches et des couches du cou jusqu’aux pieds, si bien que c’était absolument impossible de bouger. À ce moment-là, j’ai vraiment commencé à avoir du mal à respirer.

Trois d’entre eux m’ont mis dans un fauteuil roulant et m’ont emmené dans un avion qui partait pour Yaoundé. À l’intérieur ils m’ont porté comme un colis jusqu’à mon siège.

Quand les passagers étaient tous installés et qu’il restait environ 15 minutes avant le décollage, j’ai réussi à cracher les mouchoirs qui étaient coincés dans ma bouche et j’ai pu crier à l’aide.

Les passagers ont tout de suite réagi quand ils m’ont vu et ont protesté pour qu’on me libère de tout ce plastique. Ma compagne était dans l’avion elle m’a vu ainsi et a pris deux vidéos pour garder des preuves.

Mes habits s’étaient déchirés quand je me battais avec les policiers et j’ai demandé à récupérer mon bagage à main pour me changer. Dans la poche de mon jean déchiré, que j’avais laissé sur mon siège, il y avait 2 400 euros en liquide que j’avais pris pour commercer à Dubaï. Quand l’officier m’a rendu le pantalon, les poches étaient vides. Il m’a dit : « tu as déjà de la chance, on va te tuer ».

« Ils m’ont laissé dans un hall pendant deux jours sans rien à manger »

Après tout ça, une hôtesse de Turkish Airlines m’a accompagné à l’extérieur de l’avion dans lequel était restée ma compagne, qui s’est donc envolée pour Yaoundé. Elle m’a demandé pourquoi j’étais sous escorte et je lui ai dit qu’il était inacceptable de traiter les gens de cette manière, que j’étais malade et que j’avais besoin de soins. Elle m’a laissé dans un hall de l’aéroport, devant un bureau de Turkish Airlines, sans rien. J’étais obligé de mendier pour manger.

Au bout de deux jours, un homme qui se présentait comme le chef du personnel de Turkish Airlines m’a dit : « on ne peut pas te soigner et tu ne peux pas rester en Turquie, tu restes ici sans te laver, tu vas choisir un pays où on va te déposer et tu vas partir ». Ensuite, des officiers sont venus me chercher pour me ramener au centre de détention.
Une nuit, un des policiers qui m’avait emballé dans du plastique m’a dit en m’apportant un café qu’ils allaient m’emmener à Abuja, au Nigeria. Je lui ai répondu que ce n’est pas mon pays et que c’est très loin de chez moi. Il m’a dit que c’est à côté [800 kilomètres séparent Abuja de Douala, NDLR].

À ce moment-là j’étais vraiment épuisé, je n’en pouvais plus et j’ai fini par céder. J’ai pris la carte d’embarquement pour ce vol et ils m’ont mis de simples menottes pour m’emmener dans l’avion. Une fois que j’étais assis ils les ont enlevées et sont sortis de l’appareil.

▻https://scd.observers.france24.com/files/imagecache/observers_portrait_width/rfi_multimedia_element_image/boarding_pass_abuja.jpeg

La carte d’embarquement d’Emmanuel Chedjou pour le vol d’Istanbul à Abuja.

Je suis arrivé à #Abuja dans la nuit du 30 au 31 janvier et une dame rencontrée dans l’avion m’a aidé à organiser mon voyage en voiture jusque chez moi. Je suis arrivé à la maison le 4 février [soit deux semaines après son arrivée en Turquie, NDLR].

Entre l’agence de voyage qui m’a arnaqué et ce qu’il s’est passé à Istanbul, j’ai perdu environ 7 millions de francs CFA, soit 10 590 euros [des chiffres que notre rédaction n’a pas pu vérifier de façon indépendante, NDLR]. Avec cet échec, j’ai donc perdu non seulement mon capital mais j’ai aussi perdu toute crédibilité dans ma communauté. Plus personne ne veut commercer avec moi. Je veux dénoncer la compagnie Turkish Airlines et ces officiers qui m’ont humilié. Je veux aujourd’hui me faire dédommager et, si c’est possible, je porterai plainte.

« Ils prenaient les téléphones des Noirs mais pas ceux des Blancs »

Emmanuel Chedjou dénonce par ailleurs un traitement discriminatoire dans le centre de détention où sont mis en attente tous les passagers n’ayant pu passer les frontières de l’aéroport. Selon lui, les personnes noires sont systématiquement privées de leurs téléphones portables et sont détenues dans une pièce séparée.

Un avis partagé par un autre passager resté détenu pendant 6 jours à la même période que lui, #Johnny_Mabaya, un Congolais de 20 ans.

Moi, contrairement à Emmanuel, je ne parle pas l’anglais. Il y avait donc un gros problème de communication et ça générait beaucoup de tensions. On nous servait de la nourriture quasi immangeable et on nous frappait régulièrement. Tous les téléphones des Noirs étaient confisqués, mais pas ceux des Blancs. On était aussi tous détenus dans une pièce séparée.

Le jour où ils ont emballé Emmanuel dans du plastique on a entendu beaucoup de cris, et tout d’un coup, ça s’est arrêté. On a compris qu’ils avaient réussi à lui fermer la bouche. Quelques jours plus tard c’était mon tour, j’ai essayé de protester moi aussi, mais j’ai vite cédé par peur qu’ils me fassent la même chose.

Deux femmes, l’une Congolaise et l’autre Camerounaise, nous ont confirmé que les ressortissants africains étaient traités différemment. Un passager ukrainien détenu brièvement au même endroit nous a confirmé qu’il avait pu garder son téléphone portable dans le centre de détention.

Que se passe-t-il à l’aéroport d’Istanbul ?

Très peu d’associations de défense des réfugiés et d’avocats spécialistes de ce domaine ont accès au centre de détention de l’aéroport d’Istanbul. D’après nos recherches, plusieurs avocats de l’ONG « Refugee Rights Turkey » ont pu le visiter, mais l’organisation a décliné notre demande d’interview.

L’autorité administrative de l’aéroport est responsable de cet endroit, comme le précise la loi sur les obligations des transporteurs aériens du 7 novembre 2015. Cependant, les responsabilités sont partagées : la compagnie aérienne s’assure du retour au pays le plus rapide possible du passager non admissible sur le sol turc et l’entreprise gestionnaire de l’aéroport veille à ce que le temps d’attente soit passé dans un endroit dédié et dans des conditions dignes et sécurisées.

Aucun texte de loi turc ne précise quelles unités de police ou de sécurités privées sont chargées d’escorter les passagers à bord des avions, ni de quels moyens ils disposent légalement pour les contrôler s’ils refusent d’obtempérer. Selon un ancien cadre de l’aviation civile turque, les compagnies aériennes font appel à des services de sécurité privée pour ce type de cas. Une affirmation que nous n’avons pas été en mesure de vérifier.

Selon Piril Erçoban, coordinatrice de l’association turque de défense des réfugiés Mütleci-der, les images de l’expulsion d’Emmanuel Chedjou sont « révoltantes ».

« Peu importe le statut de la personne, cette pratique est inacceptable. Ça ne peut être légal. Les autorités doivent prendre des mesures administratives et légales contre les personnes responsables et ne plus tolérer ce type de pratiques dans les zones frontalières ou de transit ».

La Direction générale de la gestion des migrations (DGMM en turc), branche du ministère de l’Intérieur turc, a déclaré le 22 février sur Twitter que « de telles pratiques ne peuvent absolument pas être acceptées » et annoncé que « deux enquêteurs ont été missionnés » pour établir les faits avant que « le nécessaire soit fait concernant les responsables ».

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ERaeG_SW4AEI6bJ?format=jpg&name=small#.jpg

« Le passager concerné a essayé d’entrer dans notre pays avec un faux document le 21 janvier et son entrée n’était pas autorisée. L’étranger concerné a été soumis à trois tentatives de renvoi les 21, 22 et 27 janvier. Il n’a pas pu être renvoyé en raison de sa résistance et parce qu’il a retiré ses vêtements dans l’avion lors de la dernière tentative. Il a finalement été renvoyé le 30 janvier lors d’une quatrième procédure », détaille l’institution dans son communiqué.

Notre rédaction a contacté la compagnie aérienne Turkish Airlines pour obtenir des explications sur cet incident. Cette dernière n’a pas répondu à nos questions. Nous publierons sa réponse quand elle nous parviendra.❞

▻https://observers.france24.com/fr/20200221-turquie-cameroun-expulsion-avion-turkish-airlines-passa

#renvois #renvois_forcés #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Turquie #réfugiés_camerounais #Cameroun #déshumanisation #inhumanité #dignité #Emmanuel_Fosso_Someon_Chedjou #expulsion #déportation
#menottes #sangles

ping @karine4 @isskein @reka

Facial recognition : ’No justification’ for Police Scotland to use technology - BBC News
▻https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-51449166

MSPs have warned there is no justification for using live facial recognition following privacy and human rights concerns. A report said the software would be a “radical departure” from the current practice of policing by consent. Police Scotland said it hoped to use the software by 2026, but later put plans on hold. The technology can scan crowds of people and cross-reference faces with police databases. The report from the justice sub-committee on policing was published as part of (...)

#MetropolitanPolice #ScotlandYard #algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #facial #reconnaissance

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/branded_news/950A/production/_110845183_gettyimages-1199003713.jpg

Brexit : le côté obscur du divorce - Mediapart
▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/300120/brexit-le-cote-obscur-du-divorce?page_article=1

Les indices s’amoncellent sur l’ampleur du rôle joué en 2016 par Cambridge Analytica, firme contestée de ciblage électoral, au service du vote pro-Brexit. Des lanceurs d’alerte racontent comment les lois électorales ont été contournées. Retour sur la face cachée du référendum, à deux jours de la sortie du Royaume-Uni de l’Union européenne. « Un moment fantastique pour notre pays. » Voilà comment le premier ministre anglais Boris Johnson a qualifié le Brexit la semaine dernière en signant les papiers (...)

#ScotlandYard #AggregateIQ #CambridgeAnalytica #Facebook #algorithme #élections #data #datamining #haine #LGBT #publicité #scraping (...)

##publicité ##NRA

https://static.mediapart.fr/etmagine/default/files/2020/01/29/capture-d-e-cran-2020-01-29-a-11-10-56.png

Scott H. Biram Sold Out To The Devil

Le cœur d’un bluesman texan ingénieux, la tête d’un disciple de Zappa et Lemmy. Sa musique est l’enfant illégitime du Punk, Blues, Country, Hillbilly, Bluegrass, Chain Gang, Metal et Classic Rock. Pour son 25ème anniversaire, Bloodshot Records rassemble 10 morceaux du révérend Biram et son côté psyché redoutant Dieu.

▻https://www.bloodshotrecords.com/album/sold-out-devil
“Broadminded” by Scott H. Biram dans Scott H. Biram ’Sold Out to the Devil: Gospel Cuts by the Rev. Scott H. Biram’ (Album Playlist)
▻https://soundcloud.com/bshq/sets/scott-h-biram-sold-out-to-the

As #Scott_Warren retrial nears, judge orders lawyer for volunteer nurse in migrant harboring case

As Scott Warren — a No More Deaths volunteer charged with two counts of human smuggling — again faces trial, the judge has assigned a lawyer for a volunteer nurse who works with the humanitarian group, in one of several rulings issued Monday morning.

Warren, a 36-year-old geography professor, faced trial in May on three felony charges, including one count of criminal conspiracy to transport and harbor illegal aliens, and two counts of harboring, stemming from his January 2018 arrest by U.S. Border Patrol agents in Ajo, Ariz.

In early June, after days of deliberation, a jury refused to convict Warren, but did not find him not guilty. The judge declared a mistrial because of the hung jury.

Undaunted by the jury’s non-decision, federal prosecutors announced in July that they would seek a new trial, but dropped the conspiracy charge against Warren. They also announced a possible plea deal for Warren, which he did not accept by the prosecution’s deadline.

As the case has moved toward a second trial, federal prosecutors and Warren’s defense team have issued a flurry of motions and counter-motions that will set the stage for the new court proceeding, slated to begin November 12.

Among these motions was a request that Susannah Brown, a nurse who regularly provides medical aid to migrants crossing the desert, be assigned a lawyer. Federal prosecutors Nathaniel Walters and Anna Wright argued that Brown should retain a lawyer because “as the government argued in closing” her testimony “demonstrated that she conspired with the defendant to harbor” two men at a ramshackle building used as a staging area for humanitarian organizations, called “the Barn” in Ajo.

Along with Warren, BP agents arrested Kristian Perez-Villanueva, a 23-year-old man from El Salvador, and Jose Arnaldo Sacaria-Goday, a 21-year-old man from Honduras. The men arrived together and stayed for four days and three nights at the Barn after crossing the desert days earlier, ending up at a gas station in Why, Ariz., in the desert west of Tucson.

During the trial, Brown became a surprising target for federal prosecutors who tried to show that Warren was involved in a “plan,” along Brown, and an organizer of shelters in Mexico — Irineo Mujica — to smuggle the two men into the United States.

While Brown sat in the courtroom looking shocked, federal prosecutors essentially accused her of a felony, and showed as part of their evidence video from Perez-Villanueva’s phone. In the video, Brown briefly spoke with the Salvadorian during a Christmas Day celebration at the shelter in Sonoyta, Sonora. In the video, Perez-Villanueva asks Brown her name, and she responds with the same question.

As Perez-Villanueva turns his camera, Mujica comes into view and tells the man to put the phone down. Mujica and Warren had repeatedly emailed about the shelter and its needs, according to documents shown during the trial. This included a plan to arrange a Jan. 12 visit to the shelter, and that a group of No More Deaths volunteers went to Mexico to bring water and operate a temporary medical clinic. The next day, Perez-Villanueva and Sacaria-Goday began their journey by climbing over the fence that separates the U.S. and Mexico.

In motions, Warren’s lawyers told the court that Brown could invoke her 5th Amendment rights during a retrial “given the accusations” made against her.

Collins also considered a motion filed by Greg Kuykendall and Amy Knight, who argued that they should be able to submit evidence that shows Border Patrol agents may “hold biases or prejudices against No More Deaths in general and Dr. Warren in particular.”

In their motion, Kuykendall and Knight, argued that the jury should be shown evidence that the two agents who arrested Warren—Border Patrol agents Brendan Burns and John Marquez—might have had reasons to “perceive Dr. Warren in a negative light and/or shade their testimony against him.”

During the trial, the two Border Patrol agents said they set up an observation post about 200-300 yards from the Barn, just across from a rural road on a patch of federally owned land.

As part of an anti-smuggling unit called the “disrupt unit,” the agents said they worked to break up smuggling organizations, but on Jan. 17—the same day that No More Deaths published a report that was highly critical of the agency, including videos of Border Patrol agents destroying water drops that immediately went viral—the two plain-clothes agents parked themselves near the Barn, and using a spotting scope, zeroed in on Warren “gesturing” to the mountains with two men they believed to be illegally in the U.S.

Kuykendall and Knight argued that “the government depended heavily on these agents’ subjective impressions and intentions.”

“This case was essentially a credibility contest—the agents’ interpretation set against the NMD volunteers’ explanations for their actions. The government argued that everything the defense had described was a cover-up engineered to avoid criminal liability,” Warren’s attorneys wrote. “In this context, it is crucial for jurors to understand the various possible reasons the agents may portrayed Dr. Warren as they did.”

They also argued that Warren’s arrest was part of campaign of selective enforcement carried out by Border Patrol because the agents were upset that NMD had “that very morning, released a humiliating report and accompanying video footage exposing the Border Patrol’s gleeful destruction of humanitarian aid supplies, giving them a specific reason to resent NMD and the people associated with it.”

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More by Paul Ingram

Posted Oct 21, 2019, 1:59 pm

Paul Ingram TucsonSentinel.com

As Scott Warren — a No More Deaths volunteer charged with two counts of human smuggling — again faces trial, the judge has assigned a lawyer for a volunteer nurse who works with the humanitarian group, in one of several rulings issued Monday morning.

Warren, a 36-year-old geography professor, faced trial in May on three felony charges, including one count of criminal conspiracy to transport and harbor illegal aliens, and two counts of harboring, stemming from his January 2018 arrest by U.S. Border Patrol agents in Ajo, Ariz.

In early June, after days of deliberation, a jury refused to convict Warren, but did not find him not guilty. The judge declared a mistrial because of the hung jury.

Undaunted by the jury’s non-decision, federal prosecutors announced in July that they would seek a new trial, but dropped the conspiracy charge against Warren. They also announced a possible plea deal for Warren, which he did not accept by the prosecution’s deadline.

As the case has moved toward a second trial, federal prosecutors and Warren’s defense team have issued a flurry of motions and counter-motions that will set the stage for the new court proceeding, slated to begin November 12.

Among these motions was a request that Susannah Brown, a nurse who regularly provides medical aid to migrants crossing the desert, be assigned a lawyer. Federal prosecutors Nathaniel Walters and Anna Wright argued that Brown should retain a lawyer because “as the government argued in closing” her testimony “demonstrated that she conspired with the defendant to harbor” two men at a ramshackle building used as a staging area for humanitarian organizations, called “the Barn” in Ajo.

Along with Warren, BP agents arrested Kristian Perez-Villanueva, a 23-year-old man from El Salvador, and Jose Arnaldo Sacaria-Goday, a 21-year-old man from Honduras. The men arrived together and stayed for four days and three nights at the Barn after crossing the desert days earlier, ending up at a gas station in Why, Ariz., in the desert west of Tucson.

During the trial, Brown became a surprising target for federal prosecutors who tried to show that Warren was involved in a “plan,” along Brown, and an organizer of shelters in Mexico — Irineo Mujica — to smuggle the two men into the United States.

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While Brown sat in the courtroom looking shocked, federal prosecutors essentially accused her of a felony, and showed as part of their evidence video from Perez-Villanueva’s phone. In the video, Brown briefly spoke with the Salvadorian during a Christmas Day celebration at the shelter in Sonoyta, Sonora. In the video, Perez-Villanueva asks Brown her name, and she responds with the same question.

As Perez-Villanueva turns his camera, Mujica comes into view and tells the man to put the phone down. Mujica and Warren had repeatedly emailed about the shelter and its needs, according to documents shown during the trial. This included a plan to arrange a Jan. 12 visit to the shelter, and that a group of No More Deaths volunteers went to Mexico to bring water and operate a temporary medical clinic. The next day, Perez-Villanueva and Sacaria-Goday began their journey by climbing over the fence that separates the U.S. and Mexico.

In motions, Warren’s lawyers told the court that Brown could invoke her 5th Amendment rights during a retrial “given the accusations” made against her.

Collins also considered a motion filed by Greg Kuykendall and Amy Knight, who argued that they should be able to submit evidence that shows Border Patrol agents may “hold biases or prejudices against No More Deaths in general and Dr. Warren in particular.”

In their motion, Kuykendall and Knight, argued that the jury should be shown evidence that the two agents who arrested Warren—Border Patrol agents Brendan Burns and John Marquez—might have had reasons to “perceive Dr. Warren in a negative light and/or shade their testimony against him.”

During the trial, the two Border Patrol agents said they set up an observation post about 200-300 yards from the Barn, just across from a rural road on a patch of federally owned land.

As part of an anti-smuggling unit called the “disrupt unit,” the agents said they worked to break up smuggling organizations, but on Jan. 17—the same day that No More Deaths published a report that was highly critical of the agency, including videos of Border Patrol agents destroying water drops that immediately went viral—the two plain-clothes agents parked themselves near the Barn, and using a spotting scope, zeroed in on Warren “gesturing” to the mountains with two men they believed to be illegally in the U.S.

Kuykendall and Knight argued that “the government depended heavily on these agents’ subjective impressions and intentions.”

“This case was essentially a credibility contest—the agents’ interpretation set against the NMD volunteers’ explanations for their actions. The government argued that everything the defense had described was a cover-up engineered to avoid criminal liability,” Warren’s attorneys wrote. “In this context, it is crucial for jurors to understand the various possible reasons the agents may portrayed Dr. Warren as they did.”

They also argued that Warren’s arrest was part of campaign of selective enforcement carried out by Border Patrol because the agents were upset that NMD had “that very morning, released a humiliating report and accompanying video footage exposing the Border Patrol’s gleeful destruction of humanitarian aid supplies, giving them a specific reason to resent NMD and the people associated with it.”

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Collins accepted their argument in part, ruling that “the defense will be able to inquire as to the possible bias or prejudice of the government witnesses.” However, Collins ruled that a document released by No More Deaths itself “will not come into evidence and will not go to the jury.”

Collins also denied and granted in part a motion filed by Warren’s lawyers to withhold the description of Perez-Villanueva and Sacaria-Goday’s journey in the United States. “The telling of the journey from Mexico to the United States is no longer relevant,” Collins wrote. However, what the two men said to Warren “is relevant and that can come in.”

Collins also ruled that video from the Why-Not gas station could be played because the video shows the men moving around, buying sports drinks and food before they later received a ride to Ajo.

“The Court will also allow the playing of the video at the gas station since the extent of the migrants’ injury is still an issue in the case,” Collins wrote.

Along with this, Collins also will allow testimony that Warren made during a separate trial for misdemeanor charges that he was hit with for entering the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge and leaving food and water.

Collins did accept a motion to allow the defense to submit testimony made during the first trial by Ed McCullough, who showed maps describing where people have died attempting to cross the desert, but was unavailable to testify a second time.

He also rejected a motion filed by prosecutors that would have kept Warren’s defense team from arguing that NMD had legal “protocols” that were established through consultation with Professor Andrew Silverman and that Warren was acting under the advice of counsel when he brought the two men into the Barn and gave them food, water, and medical care.

During the first trial, Silverman told the jury that Warren was working under legal protocols that he had helped write, however, federal prosecutors had asked Collins to preclude the defense from “introducing evidence in support of an advice of counsel defense, including evidence pertaining to No More Deaths’ protocols and volunteer training.”

“Such testimony is irrelevant, improper, and likely to confuse the jury about a material issue in this case,” they argued. Warren and his lawyers had “failed to establish any of the elements of an advice of counsel defense,” because they “did not offer any evidence that [Warren] consulted directly with any attorney and, in fact, objected to disclosing this information to the government.”

“The defendant’s alleged compliance with the No More Deaths’ protocols also cannot satisfy the elements of the advice of counsel defense,” they wrote.
First trial ended in jury deadlock

Warren’s first felony trial began on May 29, and after a seven-day trial, jurors deliberated for about 11 hours over two days before they told the court they were struggling to reach a decision. Collins told the jurors to continue their deliberations, and issued an “Allen charge” instructing jurors to try to reach an unanimous verdict. Among the instructions read by Collins in court, jurors were told to "reexamine their own views, but not to change “an honest belief” because of the opinions of fellow jurors or “for the mere purpose of returning a verdict.”

But,the next day, the third of deliberations, it became clear that the jury could not reach an unanimous verdict, and Collins declared a hung jury. Following the announcement, Collins set a new hearing for July 2, giving prosecutors time to consider whether they would pursue a retrial.

During the trial, prosecutors argued that Warren “harbored and shielded from detection” two men in the country illegally at the Barn, and that he was at “hub” of a plan to transport and protect the two men after they illegally crossed the border by climbing over the border fence somewhere near Sonoyta, a Mexican border town.

Warren, along with two men in the country without authorization, was arrested during at raid by several Border Patrol agents at “the Barn,” a ramshackle building on the town’s outskirts regularly used as a staging point for volunteers who have been working to stem an increasing number of deaths in the remote wildlife refuges west of the unincorporated town.

As the trial loomed, Warren’s prosecution took on national and international importance, and humanitarian volunteers lead by No More Deaths collected more than 120,000 signatures and submitted them to the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Tucson just days before the trial began, asking for them to drop the charges.

Warren’s prosecution also came to the attention of human rights experts from the United Nations, who wrote that “providing humanitarian aid is not a crime. We urge the U.S. authorities to immediately drop all charges against Scott Warren.”

In a letter written by Michael Forst, a special rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, the UN body said that Warren’’s work is “vital and legitimate,” and said that No More Deaths" upholds the right to life and prevents the deaths of migrants and asylum seekers at the US-Mexican border."

“The prosecution of Scott Warren represents an unacceptable escalation of existing patterns criminalising migrant rights defenders along the migrant caravan routes,” they said.

Forst also noted that Warren’s arrest came “hours after the release of a report” by No More Deaths which linked Border Patrol agents to the “systematic destruction of humanitarian supplies, including water stores, and denounced a pattern of harassment, intimidation and surveillance against humanitarian aid workers.”

The decision to retry Warren will be the first high-profile test for U.S. Attorney Michael Bailey, who was nominated by President Trump in February and just confirmed by the Senate on May 23. Bailey replaced Elizabeth Strange, who served as the acting U.S. attorney for more than two years after John S. Leonardo stepped down from the position in January 2017.

Warren’s case is one of three high-profile prosecutions launched against No More Deaths volunteers, including two misdemeanor trials — one also involving Warren — for the group’s efforts to leave food, water, medicine, and other aid in the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge.

Warren’s trial in the misdemeanor charges concluded in May, but Collins has not rendered a verdict in the bench trial, leaving Warren’s fate in those charges also up in the air.

After the announcement, Warren thanked supporters supporters and castigated the government for bringing charges against him.

“In the time since I was arrested in January 2018, no fewer than 88 bodies were recovered from the Arizona desert,” Warren said. “The government’s plan in the midst of this humanitarian crisis? Policies to target undocumented people, refugees, and their families. Prosecutions to criminalize humanitarian aid, kindness, and solidarity. And now, the revelation that they will build an enormous and expensive wall across a vast stretch of southwestern Arizona’s unbroken Sonoran Desert.”
Re-trial would be complete re-do of case

With the jury deadlocked and the proceedings declared a mistrial, Collins scheduled a hearing for July 2 to review the felony case. Prosecutors may attempt to re-try Warren on the charges, as the jury did not render a verdict. If they do so, the second trial would be a complete re-do, including the selection of a new jury.

During final arguments, prosecutors argued that Warren “harbored and shielded from detection” two men in the country illegally at “the Barn,” a ramshackle house used as a staging point for aid organizations trying to stem what volunteers like Warren have called a “humanitarian crisis” in the deserts west and south of Ajo, an unincorporated town about 110 miles west of Tucson. Prosecutors said he was at “hub” of a plan to transport and protect the two men after they illegally crossed the border by climbing over the border fence somewhere near Sonoyta, a Mexican border town.

Warren testified in his own defense telling jurors that his spiritual values compel him to help those who “stumble” out of the desert into the neighborhoods of Ajo, Ariz., and that doing so is “good and right, especially in a place that feels like a low-intensity conflict.”

No More Deaths has maintained that the arrests of Warren and others were retribution for the release that same day of a report by the humanitarian aid group, documenting claims that Border Patrol agents vandalized water caches placed for migrants crossing the desert.

After the trial closed, Warren noted that “the other men arrested with me that day Jose Sacaria-Goday and Kristian Perez-Villanueva, have not received the attention and outpouring of support that I have. I do not know how they are doing now, but I do hope they are safe.”

Warren and other volunteers testified that the men needed medical care, as they were suffering from blisters on their feet, a minor cold, and injuries from being in the desert. However, prosecutors said that this was a “smokescreen,” and repeatedly referred to selfie photos captured from Perez-Villanueva’s cellphone and surveillance video from the Why-Not gas station in Why, Arizona to show that the men were not injured or sick.

Evidence of a humanitarian crisis, and the loss of lives in the desert didn’t matter , because border crossers haven’t died in Ajo. “That’s not this case, that’s a smokescreen and a distraction for this case,” assistant U.S. Attorney Anna Wright said during her closing arguments.

As the case went to the jury, the Border Patrol said that it recovered the body of a Guatemalan woman who died trying to cross the Barry M. Goldwater bombing range, which sits just to the north of Ajo and straddles Highway 85.

Wright said that after Perez-Villanueva and Sacaria-Goday arrived at the barn, Warren called Brown, a registered nurse who volunteers for No More Deaths, not in an effort to get the men medical attention, but rather because she was involved in the “plan” to smuggle the men.

Brown sat in the courtroom and appeared shocked when she heard the federal prosecutor implicate her in a felony.

Perez-Villanueva’s phone remained a linchpin to the prosecutor’s case, and Wright highlighted as much saying that while other people who testified might have a bias, the photos and video were evidence that “doesn’t lie.”

As the trial began, assistant U.S. Attorney Nathaniel Walters told the jury that federal authorities are not targeting humanitarian aid along the border with Mexico.

“No More Deaths is not on trial,” Walters told the jury. “Scott Warren is.”

But during the trial, prosecutors argued that these calls and the visit was part of a plan to illegally aid migrants, and noted later that night, Perez-Villanueva and Sacaria-Goday decided to cross the border.

This brief interaction was enough to show a nexus of relationships between Warren, Mujica, Perez-Villanueva and Brown that could not be a coincidence, Wright argued.

While Warren testified Wednesday, Mujica was arrested in Sonoyta by Mexican authorities.

Mujica was later released, and the case against Mujica later collapsed, although there are signs that Mexican officials could once agains launch a case against the organizer, even as he now moves freely from Sonora to areas where there are large numbers of African and Cuban migrants seeking asylum in Tapachula.

Questions about the timing of Mujica’s arrest and the Mexican government’s case remain.

During the trial, a Border Patrol agent testified that he reviewed 14,000 pages of data from Warren’s phone, and from those thousands of pages the agent produced a one-page report. “They were not interested in innocence,” Kuykendall said.

Defense attorney Greg Kuykendall said during his closing argument that it was “frankly terrifying, just terrifying” that his client was charged with a “total lack of evidence.”

“It’s just supposition,” he said.

In his opening statement two weeks ago, Kuykendall said Warren did not intend to break the law when he came across two undocumented immigrants early last year.

“Scott intended to perform basic human kindness,” he told jurors, and was acting in accordance with his Christian faith.

After the jury said it was deadlocked, Kuykendall was asked if “humanitarian aid being targeted by the federal government?,” Kuykendall responded, “you should ask the federal government. And use your own common sense.”

Kuykendall also told the court last week that emails between Mujica and Warren, along with others showed that Warren was working on search and rescue and recovery efforts, and that when volunteers went to help the “Hope Shelter” there, they should contact Mujica.

The U.S. government, he said, had all the power and resources to direct the agent to investigate and present all the evidence to the jury, he said. He also argued that the government failed to interview Mujica, noting that as one of the agents, Burns, who arrested Warren testified, he was called to a checkpoint after Mujica was held in a secondary inspection area, and yet he did not “interrogate” the man who might be at the center of the conspiracy.

Photos from Perez-Villanueva’s phone shows the two men inside a van, after apparently leaving a gas station in Ajo. In the warrant for Warren’s phone, another agent noted that in Mujica’s vehicle Burns found black water bottles, a notebook containing a “detailed account” of travel through Mexico, and identity cards of men who were later apprehended by Border Patrol. However, Mujica wasn’t arrested by Burns, and weeks later, a passenger in his van was apprehended for being in the country illegally, leaving questions about Mujica’s role in Warren’s case.

During opening arguments, assistant U.S. Attorney Nathaniel Walters tried to downplay the case’s consequences for humanitarian aid in the borderlands. While Warren is a “high-ranking member” of No More Deaths, the group was not on trial, rather Warren is “on trial,” Walters said.

“This case is not about humanitarian aid or anyone in medical distress,” Walters said. “But, rather, this is about an attempt to shield two illegal aliens for several days,” from law enforcement, he said.

However, during her closing arguments, Wright focused on the idea that Warren was a “high-ranking member” of No More Deaths, and she admitted that Warren did not receive a financial benefit, but said that instead, Warren “gets to further the goals of the organization” and “thwart the Border Patrol at every turn.”

During the trial, the two Border Patrol agents— Burns and John Marquez —said they set up an observation post about 200-300 yards from the Barn, just across from a rural road on a patch of federally owned land.

As part of an anti-smuggling unit called the “disrupt unit,” the agents said they worked to break up smuggling organizations, but on Jan. 17—the same day that No More Deaths published a report that was highly critical of the agency, including videos of Border Patrol agents destroying water drops that immediately went viral—the two plain-clothes agents parked themselves near the Barn, and using a spotting scope, zeroed in on Warren “gesturing” to the mountains with two men they believed to be illegally in the U.S.

Warren said during the trial that he was trying to “orient” the men, who were preparing to head north, and that he was telling them to stay inside a valley between Child’s Mountain and Hat Peak, where they “if they got in trouble” they could head to Highway 85 and seek help. Prosecutors said that Warren was telling the men how to bypass a Border Patrol checkpoint on the highway and that Warren was giving them a pathway to follow from Ajo toward Interstate 8.

Warren said that he stayed outside and was working on building a fire in preparation for students from a high-school in Flagstaff to come the Barn, when he saw a “convoy” of vehicles heading his way. Once agents came up to the barn, Warren said during testimony that he was handcuffed within two minutes, but that he offered to walk into the Barn with the agents.

Burns and Marquez arrived moments later, and went around to the back where Perez-Villanueva was sitting on the threshold in the bathroom door. Inside, Sacaria-Goday was hiding behind the shower curtain.

Wright attacked Warren’s credibility, saying that by seeking “context” he was actually trying to “distract” from the central issue and that Warren use of the word “orientation” was just a “fancy word for giving people directions.” When he was outside and spotted by Border Patrol agents, he was giving the men information so they could go “from point A, Ajo, to point B, Interstate 8.” These directions gave the men a “path” to follow away from the Border Patrol checkpoint allowing them to “further their journey,” she said.
Warren: ’Haunting crisis’

During his testimony, Warren said that he went to Ajo in order to work on his dissertation as a doctoral candidate at Arizona State University. He became increasingly interested in issues in Ajo and met with members of the Ajo Samaritans after he attended one of the Border Patrol’s citizen academies, a six-week course designed to inform the public about the agency’s mission.

He said that as he stayed in Ajo, his eyes were “really opened” to the humanitarian crisis in the desert surrounding the small desert town, and that he became heavily involved in the community, becoming an elected member of the West Pima County Community Council. “It’s an elected position, but everyone runs unopposed,” Warren quipped.

As he lived in Ajo, it became clear that everyday migrants “are stumbling” out of the wilderness aching for food, water and shelter, and that helping them is a “ubiquitous experience,” for residents in the town. After months in Ajo, Warren found himself part of an effort to recover the remains of a migrant who had perished in the nearby Barry M. Goldwater Bombing Range, and the experience of finding human bones in the desert, “felt like a big transition for me,” Warren testified.

“This crisis became real to me, in a haunting kind of way,” Warren said. He was used to finding animal bones in the desert, but the bones from a human being who had died “not long before,” stuck with him, he said.

After finding the bones, he found that when he saw someone come out of the desert, he again saw the decaying bones at the “same time, almost like a split-screen,” and that he was struck by the “disturbing reality of how people who are living can be disappeared and lost to the desert,” he said.

Warren testified that he has helped find and recover 18 sets of human remains in the desert around Ajo, and that the work is a “deeply profound effort.”

During the hearing, Warren’s lawyer Kuykendall asked him, “what are you doing, spending your whole life helping strangers?”

“It feels choice-less,” Warren said. “How could you not do that when there are people dying around you?” he asked. “How could you not respond?”

“Everyone who enters that desert will suffer,” he said. Migrants attempt to cross the desert will have to walk a “long, long way” to cross the desert, and they’ll witness death, either of other migrants or their companions, along the way.

“It’s an epic undertaking, you have to put everything you’ve got on the line in order to make it,” Warren said, telling the jury that migrants often have already faced danger and deprivation in Mexico before they even attempt “the hardest thing they’ve ever done in their lives.”

Nonetheless, Warren testified that he felt it was important to follow the law, in part to protect the students and volunteers who came to the Barn.

“Why would you want to understand the legal limits,” asked Kuykendall.

“I want to work within the border of the law, and not be doing something illegal and put students in a situation where they’re doing something illegal,” Warren said.
Payback?

On the day Warren was arrested, NMD released a report that said that from 2012 to 2015, 415 caches of water left for crossers in the 800-square-mile corridor near Arivaca were vandalized, spilling nearly 3,600 gallons of water into the desert.

During this same time period, the bodies of 1,026 people were found in the Sonoran Desert, according to records from the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner.

Using statistical analysis, including land-use patterns, as well as video from trail cameras, and personal experiences to support their claims, the group said that U.S. Border Patrol agents “are responsible for the widespread interference with essential humanitarian efforts.”

As part of the report’s release, NMD also published videos of Border Patrol agents intentionally destroying water bottles, including a video in which a female Border Patrol agent systematically kicks a half-dozen water bottles, spilling their contents, and a 2017 video in which an agent punctures a water bottle with a knife.

This report embarrassed and infuriated agents, prompting one to say that NMD had “gone too far” and “messed with the wrong guy,” according to a motion filed by Warren’s defense lawyers in March.

Previous prosecutions
Federal officials have attempted to prosecute humanitarian volunteers before, though after two high-profile cases in 2005 and 2008, the government avoided formal prosecutions until 2017, when nine No More Deaths volunteers–including Warren—were charged with entering a wildlife refuge without a permit and leaving food, water, and other supplies on the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, a 800,000-acre wilderness, west of Ajo.

In 2005, agents arrested Shanti A. Sellz and Daniel M. Strauss after they stopped the two volunteers, and found three people in the country without authorization in their car. However, that indictment was tossed by U.S. District Judge Raner Collins—the same judge who is overseeing Warren’s case.

In 2008, U.S. Fish and Wildlife officers cited volunteer Dan Millis for littering on the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refugee after he left water jugs there, however, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned his conviction.

But, after eight years, a detente between the group and Border Patrol began to collapse, beginning with surveillance of the group’s camp on private land south of Arivaca in 2016, and followed by a June 2017 incident when, with a warrant in hand, Border Patrol agents raided the camp and arrested four men, all migrants suspected of being in the country illegally.

That raid followed an announcement by then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions who told reporters during a press conference in Nogales on April 11, 2017 that federal prosecutors “are now required to consider for prosecution” the “transportation or harboring of aliens.”

Sessions announcement was part of the Trump administrations “zero tolerance” policies as part of a hard-nosed crackdown on border and immigrant communities, and just nine months later, prosecutors in Tucson sought an indictment against Warren.

Kuykendall also questioned the credibility of the agents, noting their use in messages in a group chat of the word “tonc.”

The term “tonc” or “tonk” is widely used by agents to refer to border-crossers, but the term’s origin is unclear. Some have argued that the term refers to the sound of a metal flashlight hitting a skull, while others have said that it stands for “temporarily outside naturalized country,” or “true origin not known.”

And, Kuykendall said that Burns did not know that the Barn remained unlocked and unsecured. After Warren’s arrest on Jan. 17, 2018, Border Patrol agents waited until Jan. 22 to execute a warrant and search the property. Burns appeared to not know that detail until he was told so by Kuykendall in court.

“What kind of investigation is this, that leaves the building unsecured for 120 hours?,” the attorney rhetorically asked the jury.

Kuykendall also argued that the two men who also arrested with Warren were given immunity from immigration charges so they would testify in a video deposition shown to the jury on Monday.

“They are the government’s own witnesses” and yet they disputed some of Wright’s arguments. “This is the best the government can come up with?” he asked.

Kuykendall said that government’s lack of evidence, “if it weren’t so scary, it would be laughable.”

No More Deaths vows to continue aiding migrants
“A hung jury means the government could not prove its case,” Warren defense attorney Amy Knight said. “Scott remains innocent and admirable.”

Chris Fleischman, a volunteer with No More Deaths, said the organization plans to continue its humanitarian aid work following the announcement.

“It’s still good to know that the Trump administration’s attempt to criminalize humanitarian aid has failed,” he said. “But we will still be working to end death and suffering in the borderlands.”

It wasn’t immediately clear after the trial whether the government will seek a new case against Warren.

“I would think that they wouldn’t waste their effort to do that,” Fleischman said, adding, “We’re concerned for his freedom. That he could be prosecuted for doing what we all had thought is legal anyway.”

▻http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/102119_warren_trial/as-scott-warren-retrial-nears-judge-orders-lawyer-volunteer-nurse-mi

#procès #justice #asile #migrations #réfugiés #délit_de_solidarité #solidarité #frontières #USA #Etats-Unis #USA

Plus sur Scott Warren ici:
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ping @isskein

Denmark bans PFAS from microwave popcorn bags, food containers — Quartz via @mona
▻https://qz.com/1700807/denmark-bans-pfas-from-microwave-popcorn-bags-food-containers

https://cms.qz.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/pfas-in-food-packaging-e1567516292349.jpg?quality=75&strip=all&w=1400

The myriad health effects of the many types of PFAS are just beginning to be understood, but already exposure to PFAS is estimated to cost Europe 50 billion euros in health costs each year. The compounds were first manufactured in the US by the companies Dupont and 3M, who knew that their product was a problem, as reporting by Sharon Lerner at the Intercept has shown. 3M, for example, knew that PFAS accumulated in people’s blood and were harmful to their health as early as the 1970s. Likewise, 3M has known since 2001 that PFAS were showing up in the US food supply.

4 #Arizona Women Convicted for Leaving Water for Migrants

Four aid workers were convicted Friday on charges connected to their efforts to leave food and water for migrants in an Arizona wildlife refuge along the U.S.-Mexico border.

The volunteers, who are members of the faith-based humanitarian aid group No More Deaths, were caught on Aug. 13, 2017, by a Federal Wildlife officer as they left water jugs, beans and other supplies for migrants in Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, which shares a 50-mile border with Mexico. No More Deaths claims that 155 migrants have died in the refuge since 2001, and that the organization aims to save lives by providing basic supplies.

The judge, United States Magistrate Bernardo P. Velasco, ruled that three of the volunteers – Oona Holcomb, Madeline Huse and Zaachila Orozco-McCormick – were convicted of entering a national wildlife refuge without a permit and abandoning personal property or possessions. A fourth volunteer, Natalie Hoffman, was convicted on an additional charge of operating a motor vehicle in a wilderness area. Each of the volunteers faces up to six months in prison.

The decision is the first conviction against humanitarian aid volunteers in a decade, the Associated Press reported.

Velasco wrote in his verdict that the women had failed to get permits for expanded access to the wildlife refuge, had gone off the roads where they are allowed to travel and left behind their belongings. The verdict said that their actions “[erode] the national decision to maintain the refuge in its pristine nature.”

No More Deaths responded to Velasco’s verdict by claiming that the decision is part of a larger crisis of conscience in the U.S. Catherine Gaffney, a volunteer for the organization, said that the four volunteers were driven by moral principles.

“This verdict challenges not only No More Deaths volunteers, but people of conscience throughout the country. If giving water to someone dying of thirst is illegal, what humanity is left in the law of this country?” Gaffney said.

Five other humanitarian aid volunteers are also facing trial later this winter on similar charges, the nonprofit said.

The judge rejected several defenses the volunteers used to explain their actions, including a defense that they had been acting on their “moral, ethical and spiritual belief to help other people in need.”

He also rejected the claim that an Assistant United States Attorney had deliberately misled the organization by telling them that the Department of Justice did not plan to prosecute aid workers.

Velasco went on to chastise the organization for misleading the volunteers about the legal risks they faced.

“Each one acted on the mistaken belief that the worst that could happen was that they could be banned, debarred… or fined,” he wrote in his verdict. “No one in charge of No More Deaths ever informed them that their conduct could be prosecuted as a criminal offense nor did any of the Defendants make any independent inquiry into the legality or consequences of their activities.”

In response to the verdict, No More Deaths announced that it would hold a vigil outside of Eloy Detention Center in Arizona on Saturday night.

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4 femmes, après le cas #Scott_Warren :
▻https://seenthis.net/tag/scott_warren

’The Devil We Know:’ How #DuPont Poisoned the World with #Teflon
▻https://www.organicconsumers.org/blog/devil-we-know-how-dupont-poisoned-world-teflon

https://www.organicconsumers.org/sites/default/files/styles/facebook_share/public/dupont_teflon_1200x630.jpg?itok=Earb-uLj

One of the key ingredients in DuPont’s Teflon was #C8, a toxic, man-made chemical created by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, better known as 3M, to make Scotchgard. The chemical, also known as #PFOS or #PFOA, is what gave Teflon its non-stick properties.

Both #3M and DuPont were well aware of the health hazards associated with C8. But that didn’t stop DuPont from dumping the toxic chemical into local waterways, where it made its way into public drinking water and subsequently sickened thousands of people, and ultimately killing many of them.

#Substances_alkylées_per_et_polyfluorées #eau #forever_chemicals

Message de @isskein :
procès de Scott Warren - délit de solidarité aux USA

29 mai premier jour du procès de #Scott_Warren, membre du groupe #No_More_Deaths qui aide les migrants perdus dans le désert d’Arizona, arrêté le 17 janvier 2018
il est accusé de « complot criminel de transport et d’hébergement de migrants illégaux » pour avoir hébergé deux migrants dans une grange. Il risque 20 ans de prison.

à l’été 2017 9 volontaires de No More Deaths, la plupart ne venant pas d’#Arizona, laissent des bidons d’#eau dans le désert ; ils sont accusés d’utilisation frauduleuse de véhicule et d’abandon de possessions - bref de jeter des ordures - dans une réserve fédérale, délits susceptibles d’un maximum de 6 mois
Scott Warren a été arrêté peu après la publication d’un rapport documentant des abus de la U.S. Border Patrol.
▻https://theintercept.com/2018/01/23/no-more-deaths-arizona-border-littering-charges-immigration (article de 2018 ne mentionnant alors que des peines de 5 ans)

#désert #mourir_dans_le_désert #mourir_aux_frontières #frontières #migrations #asile #réfugiés #USA #Etats-Unis #Mexique #procès #délit_de_solidarité #solidarité

Plus sur le groupe No More Deaths sur seenthis :
▻https://seenthis.net/tag/no_more_deaths

Et #Scott_Warren est... géographe, « college geography instructor »

Un nouveau guide pour prendre en compte le #risque d’#inondation dans les #plans_locaux_d'urbanisme
▻https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/un-nouveau-guide-pour-prendre-en-compte-le-risque-dinondation-d

https://www.banquedesterritoires.fr/sites/default/files/2019-04/inondation_0.jpg

Premier risque naturel majeur sur le territoire, le #risque_d'inondation doit être intégré dès le début de la réflexion stratégique qui préside à l’élaboration des plans locaux d’urbanisme (#PLU) communaux ou intercommunaux, estime le Centre européen de prévention du risque d’inondation (Cepri) qui vient d’éditer un guide à ce sujet destiné aux élus locaux. Dans une précédente publication, il les avait déjà invités à prendre en compte ce risque dans les schémas de cohérence territoriale (#Scot).

▻https://www.cepri.net/actualites/items/un-nouveau-guide-du-cepri-sur-lintegration-du-risque-dinondation-dans-les-plui.html?file=tl_files/Guides%20CEPRI/18-12-51_Guide_PLU_BD.pdf

#EPA blasted for failing to set drinking water limits for ‘forever chemicals’ | Science | AAAS
▻https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/02/epa-blasted-failing-set-drinking-water-limits-forever-chemicals

https://www.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/styles/article_main_large/public/foam_16x9.jpg?itok=OJ-dNvFb

After intense pressure from politicians and environmental and public health groups, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today published a plan to tackle industrial chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are showing up in drinking water supplies across the nation. But critics say the plan is vague and lacks regulatory teeth, and it will do little to reduce health risks.

#corruption #eau #pollution #chimie #etats-unis

Nationwide Class Action Lawsuit Targets #DuPont, #Chemours, #3M, and Other Makers of #PFAS Chemicals
▻https://theintercept.com/2018/10/06/dupont-pfas-chemicals-lawsuit

https://theintercept.imgix.net/wp-uploads/sites/1/2018/10/pfas-nation-1538765294.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&q=90&fit=crop&w=1200&h=800

A CLASS ACTION lawsuit against 3M, DuPont, and Chemours was filed this week on behalf of everyone in the United States who has been exposed to PFAS chemicals. The suit was brought by Kevin Hardwick, an Ohio firefighter, but “seeks relief on behalf of a nationwide class of everyone in the United States who has a detectable level of PFAS chemicals in their blood.” Hardwick is represented by attorney Robert Bilott, who successfully sued DuPont on behalf of people in West Virginia and Ohio who had been exposed to PFOA from a plant in Parkersburg, West Virginia.

#toxiques

Facial recognition to be deployed by police across London, sparking human rights concerns
▻https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/facial-recognition-london-police-accuracy-human-rights-crime-database

Millions of people face the prospect of being scanned by police facial recognition technology that has sparked human rights concerns. The controversial software, which officers use to identify suspects, has been found to be “staggeringly inaccurate”, while campaigners have branded its use a violation of privacy. But Britain’s largest police force is set to expand a trial across six locations in London over the coming months. Police leaders claimed officers make the decision to act on (...)

#Metropolitan #ScotlandYard #algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #facial #surveillance #vidéo-surveillance

https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/06/28/19/facial-recognition-0.jpg

À Londres, la police teste une technologie de reconnaissance faciale pour retrouver des suspects :
▻https://www.developpez.com/actu/212784/A-Londres-la-police-teste-une-technologie-de-reconnaissance-faciale-pour

L’intelligence artificielle fait encore parler d’elle au moment où des questions fusent sur l’éthique autour de son utilisation. À Londres, des millions de personnes ont déjà leurs visages passés au crible par un logiciel, ce, dans la plupart des cas, à leur insu. D’après la police, l’utilisation de la technologie est censée aider à retrouver les responsables des agressions voire des meurtres dont les rues de la cité sont le théâtre. Le quotidien généraliste The Independent était récemment à Stratford au (...)

#Metropolitan #ScotlandYard #algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #facial #surveillance #vidéo-surveillance

https://www.developpez.com/facebook-icon.png

Les mille et une vies des profs de l’Oklahoma
▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/080418/les-mille-et-une-vies-des-profs-de-l-oklahoma

L’Oklahoma, un État dirigé par la #droite dure, a tout misé sur l’extraction pétrolière et sacrifié ses services publics. Pour la première fois 3 avril, #Oklahoma City. Les profs manifestent au Capitole, le siège du Parlement de l’État © Reuters depuis près de 30 ans, les profs se rebiffent. Ils sont si mal payés qu’en plus des cours, ils doivent conduire pour Uber ou donner des cours à distance à des enfants chinois. Leur grève est très suivie : ils n’ont plus rien à perdre.

#International #conservateurs #Donald_Trump #école #éducation #enseignants #Etats-Unis #Républicains #Scott_Pruitt #Tea_party

L’environnement aux mains des climatosceptiques américains
▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/200118/l-environnement-aux-mains-des-climatosceptiques-americains

Un des sites charbonniers de la Murray Energy Corporation à Powhatan Point (Ohio). © Reuters Cible du secteur de l’énergie et de la frange dure républicaine, la puissante agence américaine de l’environnement (EPA) est désarmée un an après Trump, influencée comme jamais par les lobbies et les amis riches du président.

#International #Donald_Trump #environnement #EPA #Scott_Pruitt

Meridiana. 87. #Mafia_Capitale

L’inchiesta «Mafia Capitale» ha portato a ipotizzare l’esistenza a Roma di una mafia autoctona, «originaria» e «originale», ovvero di un’organizzazione criminale assimilabile sul piano giudiziario alle associazioni di tipo mafioso, quindi perseguibile attraverso l’articolo 416 bis del Codice Penale. L’accusa ha avviato una vivace discussione non solo sul piano politico e istituzionale, ma anche tra gli addetti ai lavori e gli studiosi. Il problema non è solo quello di certificare – almeno per via giudiziaria – la presenza della mafia a Roma, quanto piuttosto di individuarne caratteristiche e peculiarità, di valutare cioè se siamo di fronte a una forma di criminalità organizzata che si può definire «di tipo mafioso». La questione è quindi innanzitutto giuridica e giudiziaria, ma chiama in causa anche la ricorrente domanda su «che cos’è la mafia», a cui studiosi e analisti rispondono da sempre in modo assai differenziato. Un aspetto importante dell’inchiesta riguarda l’aver messo a fuoco un rapporto peculiare tra mafia e corruzione, nel senso che la «capacità di pressione intimidatoria» del sodalizio criminale sarebbe scaturita in gran parte da un sistema pervasivo di accordi e scambi corruttivi. Risulta infatti che esso abbia esercitato un controllo su una porzione consistente dell’amministrazione pubblica capitolina attraverso una serie di «intese corruttive» con funzionari e politici. Dall’inchiesta emerge il coinvolgimento di un’ampia rete di imprese e cooperative attive nel campo dei servizi sociali, dell’accoglienza dei rifugiati, della gestione dei campi Rom, della raccolta rifiuti, dell’emergenza abitati- va, della gestione del verde pubblico. Sono tutti settori che sono stati interessati negli ultimi anni da intensi processi di esternalizzazione e privatizzazione, di cui è necessario tenere conto per meglio comprendere la loro vulnerabilità a pratiche illegali e a forme, più o meno organizzate, di criminalità. Le mafie trovano spesso varchi e opportunità in assetti di governance ispirate da logiche di mercato, che in realtà danno luogo a relazioni opache tra legale e illegale. Quello romano è infatti uno dei tanti casi che mostrano come i processi di deregolamentazione del welfare e, più in generale, dei servizi pubblici abbiano favorito la diffusione di pratiche illecite, av- vantaggiando comitati d’affari e gruppi criminali. In quest’ottica, le vicende di Mafia Capitale sono quindi rilevanti per esplorare modalità e dinamiche che riguardano l’area grigia delle collusioni e complicità fra mafie, economia e politica. Oltre agli articoli specificamente dedicati alla vicenda di Mafia Capitale, questo fascicolo comprende altri saggi che riguardano sempre il tema delle mafie e, soprattutto, dell’antimafia: la questione delle origini, la presenza delle mafie italiane all’estero, la continuità storica della «normale eccezionalità» della legislazione antimafia, il profilo degli amministratori giudiziari chiamati a gestire i beni sottratti alle mafie. Nel complesso questo numero, a partire dal caso di Mafia Capitale e allargando poi lo sguardo su altri temi, intende contribuire alla riflessione in corso su come riconoscere e perseguire le mafie in contesti molto differenti tra loro, analizzando in modo congiunto le strategie della criminalità organizzata e quelle dell’azione antimafia.

▻https://www.viella.it/rivista/9788867287963
#Italie

Sommaire du numéro de la revue :

Vittorio Mete, Rocco Sciarrone, Mafia Capitale e dintorni
Vittorio Martone, Mafia Capitale: corruzione e regolazione mafiosa nel mondo di mezzo

1. Premessa
2. Le mafie di Roma: rappresentazioni controverse
3. Mafia Capitale: origine, organizzazione e legami esterni
4. L’emergenza abitativa
5. La gestione dei campi nomadi
6. L’accoglienza dei rifugiati
7. Riflessioni conclusive

Alberto Vannucci, Tra area grigia e «mondo di mezzo»: anatomia di Mafia Capitale

1. Alle radici dell’area grigia
2. Mafia Capitale come «struttura di governo» nei mercati illegali
3. Le risorse di Mafia Capitale
4. Corrotti e corruttori nelle dinamiche di Mafia Capitale
5. Osservazioni conclusive

Elena Ciccarello, La posta in gioco di Mafia Capitale. Nuove mafie e interpretazione dell’articolo 416 bis

1. Introduzione. Sapere giuridico e immagine pubblica della mafia
2. Questioni interpretative e nuovi orientamenti. Il paradigma «idealtipico»
3. Mafia Capitale e la «lunga marcia» dell’art. 416 bis
4. Il «paradigma organizzativo» e il «nuovo metodo collusivo-corruttivo»
5. Alcune riflessioni conclusive. La posta in gioco di Mafia Capitale

Luciano Brancaccio, Mafia Capitale: associazione mafiosa e fazione politica

1. Genesi di una nuova mafia?
2. La natura politica dell’associazione
3. Il mutamento delle forme della politica

Marisa Manzini, Cosa c’è di nuovo in Mafia Capitale? Un punto di vista giudiziario

1. Introduzione
2. Le mafie nei territori di nuova espansione
3. Il novum di Mafia Capitale.
4. Il richiamo alle mafie silenti e il contesto sociale
5. Conclusioni

Francesco Benigno, La questione delle origini: mafia, camorra e storia d’Italia

1. I dilemmi dell’identificazione
2. Immaginario letterario, repressione, manipolazione
3. Conclusioni

Joselle Dagnes, Davide Donatiello, Rocco Sciarrone, Luca Storti, Le mafie italiane all’estero: un’agenda di ricerca

1. Temi emergenti
2. Mafie all’estero. Conoscerle e riconoscerle
3. Tre scenari idealtipici
4. Conclusioni: le sfide della ricerca

Antonino Blando, La normale eccezionalità. La mafia, il banditismo, il terrorismo e ancora la mafia

1. Tenebrose società
2. Mafia e fascismo
3. Corpi speciali
4. Banditi e mafiosi
5. Terroristi e mafiosi
6. Mafiosi e terroristi

Rosa Di Gioia, Giuseppe Giura, Gestire i beni sequestrati e confiscati alla mafia. Una ricerca sugli amministratori giudiziari di Palermo

1. Introduzione
2. La cornice di riferimento
3. Una ricostruzione storica e legislativa
4. Lo stato dell’amministrazione giudiziaria
5. I risultati della ricerca
6. L’amministrazione giudiziaria come professione
7. Conclusioni

I giorni filmati

Rosario Mangiameli, In guerra con la storia. La mafia al cinema e altri racconti
1.Trattative inchieste depistaggi
2.Il rapporto #Scotten
3.La guerra e le false notizie
4.Il fantasma della politica internazionale
5. Il mondo che (per fortuna) abbiamo perduto

Saggi

Domenico Carbone, Fatima Farina, Le donne nel ceto politico locale. Un’analisi territoriale
1. La partecipazione politica femminile: la rilevanza del contesto
2. Gli obiettivi dello studio
3. La presenza femminile nelle amministrazioni comunali: le differenze territoriali in una prospettiva diacronica
4. Cosa vuol dire partecipare e cosa ostacola la partecipazione alla politica attiva?
5. Conclusioni

#Rome #corruption #cinéma #Roms #camps_de_réfugiés #accueil #Italie #réfugiés #migrations #asile
cc @marty @albertocampiphoto

Nimuno’s Lego Tape Turns Anything Into A Lego-Friendly Surface
▻https://www.dailydot.com/parsec/nimuno-lego-tape

Un scotch lego qui va n’importe où, pour transformer n’importe quelle surface en plaque lego !

▻https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/lego-compatible-adhesive-tape-nimuno-loops

▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnvNVD5bvpU

#lego #scotch #jeu

Les missions régionales d’autorité environnementale dressent leur premier bilan
▻http://www.caissedesdepotsdesterritoires.fr/cs/ContentServer/?pagename=Territoires/Articles/Articles&cid=1250278749977&nl=1

Un effort de réduction de la #consommation_d'espaces est néanmoins constaté entre les documents d’#urbanisme préexistants et ceux qui lui sont soumis pour avis. Mais la marge de progrès est importante : dans les #Scot, #PLU, #PLUi ou cartes communales étudiés, l’évaluation des impacts reste « mal pratiquée ou acceptée » par les collectivités qui les portent. Les informations sont parfois dispersées, conduisant ces missions régionales à recoller les morceaux d’un puzzle encore peu maîtrisé. A leur défaut d’homogénéité s’ajoute un manque de justification des besoins d’#urbanisation. Le maître mot reste la consommation d’espaces naturels et agricoles. « Loi Alur et stratégies régionales/locales pour la #biodiversité font progresser les choses, mais on voit encore passer des projets de zones d’activités dans des territoires en complète déprise et où l’urbanisation pourrait être évitée en réinvestissant des friches ou des espaces vacants », illustre Alby Schmitt.

#Cartographie et #participation

❝1En 2007, lors du Grenelle de l’environnement, la France décide de mettre en place la TrameVerte et Bleue (#TVB) : un nouveau type de #politique_environnementale qui se fonde sur une approche réticulaire, et non aréale, pour endiguer « l’érosion de la #biodiversité ». Le déploiement de la TVB passe par l’identification des continuités écologiques, constituées de réservoirs de biodiversité et de #corridors_écologiques, aux différentes échelles. Le cadre réglementaire de la TVB s’applique à trois niveaux : celui des orientations nationales ; celui des Schémas Régionaux de Cohérence Écologique (#SRCE) ; et enfin celui des communes et des intercommunalités au travers des documents d’urbanismes (#SCoT, PLU, PLUi, etc).*

http://cdg.revues.org/docannexe/image/625/img-1-small480.jpg