• Australie

    L’Australie est régulièrement condamnée par des instances nationales et internationales pour les conditions inhumaines qui prévalent dans les 6 camps militairement équipés où, selon une loi de 1994 unique au monde, les immigrants sans visa sont immédiatement internés, pour une durée indéterminée et sans accès aux droits. Les bateaux de clandestins sont arraisonnés par les troupes spéciales de l’armée.

    Sur Group 4 Falck :

    Group 4 Falck est le second groupe mondial de services de sécurité, opérant dans plus de 80 pays, avec plus de 230.000 employés (662 en Australie) et un chiffre d’affaires de 4,2 milliards d’euros

    http://www.migreurop.org/article33.html

    #asile #migrations #réfugiés #camps_de_réfugiés #privatisation #Group4_Falck #Australasian_Correctional_Management #ACM #Wackenhut #excision (territoriale) #push-back #refoulement #pacific_solution #Tampa #frontières

    pour archivage (car cette liste date de 2004), merci @isskein de me l’avoir signalée

  • Un peu en vrac, la question de la politique de l’#excision de l’#Australie (#excision_territoriale):

    La première excision (2001), celle des îles, et contenu dans ce document législatif:
    https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2004A00887

    Et puis ils ont décidé d’exciser tout le territoire australien pour l’arrivée par bateau, en 2013:

    “The effect of this change, while it has been discussed as the ‘excision of the Australian mainland from the migration zone’, in fact only excises the mainland for those who arrive to Australia by boat. Previously, only those who were intercepted in waters on the way to Australia and then transferred to Christmas Island, or arrived at Christmas Island or another “excised offshore place”, became an offshore entry person and were thereby excluded from making a Protection application by section 46A of the Migration Act. Following this amendment, all those who arrive by boat, including those who actually land on Australia’s shores, are now barred by section 46A. Any person arriving by boat to seek asylum in Australia must have this bar lifted by the Minister personally, in circumstances where the Minister finds it is in the public interest to do so. All boat arrivals are now also subject to Australia’s offshore processing regime and can be transferred to a regional processing country under section 198AD of the Migration Act, even if they first land on the Australian mainland. Any asylum seeker arriving by plane is still able to lodge a protection application and is not subject to the regional processing arrangements. These changes also ensure that all boat arrivals are subject to mandatory detention, are to be taken to a regional processing country, and cannot institute or continue certain legal proceedings in Australia.”
    http://www.iarc.asn.au/_blog/Immigration_News/post/excision-of-the-australian-mainland-for-boat-arrivals

    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-16/parliament-excises-mainland-from-migration-zone/4693940

    Il y a aussi un wiki sur cela:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_migration_zone#cite_note-abcnews-5

    Et une vignette:


    http://www.kudelka.com.au/tag/excision

    #Australie #migrations #asile #externalisation #réfugiés

    cc @reka

    • Out of sight, out of mind : excising Australia from the migration zone

      The migration zone is any place in Australia where a person arriving without a valid visa - what is technically called “without lawful authority” - can still make a valid visa application.

      It is distinct from the territory of Australia and might best be understood as a legal boundary within which people arriving without valid visas can still fall under the remit of the Migration Act of 1958. Protections afforded by the Migration Act - in addition to being permitted to apply for asylum - include having asylum claims processed in Australia, rather than in a detention centre such as Manus Island or Nauru

      https://theconversation.com/out-of-sight-out-of-mind-excising-australia-from-the-migration-zone

      #migration_zone

      –-> on explique très bien dans cet article aussi l’histoire du #Tampa et de #Arne_Rinnan :

      To understand how we started tinkering with the boundaries of the migration zone, one must go back to 2001 and the so-called Tampa Affair. In August 2001, Captain Arne Rinnan rescued 433 asylum seekers from their sinking boat and sheltered them on his freighter, the MV Tampa. He then made the decision to head to Christmas Island (which was at the time still in Australia’s migration zone) for the safety of his vessel, the crew and the people he had rescued.

      As a way to solve what then prime minister John Howard viewed as a direct challenge to border security in the aftermath of September 11 terrorist attacks, he proposed and had passed legislation that re-defined Christmas Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Australian sea and resources installations as well as any other external territories, or state or territory islands, prescribed by regulations as “excised offshore places”. Importantly, this legislation was also retrospective.

      With a stroke of the proverbial parliamentary pen, while the Tampa asylum seekers had reached Australian territory, they were no longer in the “migration zone” and were subsequently removed to offshore detention centres.

    • Voir aussi ce décret de #Reagan mentionné dans l’article « Immigration Enforcement and the Afterlife of the Slave Ship » :

      But in our present day, it began in earnest with President Ronald Reagan’s Executive Order 12324 of 1981, also called the Haitian Migrant Interdiction Operation (HMIO), which exclusively tasked the USCG to “interdict” Haitian asylum seekers attempting to enter the United States by sea routes on unauthorized sailing vessels. Such people were already beginning to be derogatorily referred to as “boat people,” a term then borrowed (less derogatorily) into Haitian Kreyòl as botpippel.

      https://seenthis.net/messages/901628

    • Reprise du #modèle_australien et son concept de l’#excision_territoriale par les Etats-Unis :

      “People intercepted at sea, even in U.S. waters, have fewer rights than those who come by land. “Asylum does not apply at sea,” a Coast Guard spokesperson told me. Even people who are fleeing violence, rape and death, who on land would be likely to pass an initial asylum screening, are routinely sent back to the countries they’ve fled.”

      #USA #Etats-Unis

  • National Museum of Australia - ‘Tampa affair’

    http://www.nma.gov.au/online_features/defining_moments/featured/tampa_affair

    http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3581017-v

    2001: Australian troops take control of Tampa carrying rescued asylum-seekers

    On this day in 2001, Australian troops boarded the Norwegian freighter MV Tampa off Christmas Island. The commander of the vessel, Captain Arne Rinnan, had rescued hundreds of asylum-seekers from a stranded Indonesian fishing boat in the Indian Ocean and was attempting to bring them to Australia. The ‘Tampa Crisis’ became the catalyst for Australia’s new ‘border protection’ policy.

    No one knows how many boat people have died, but thousands have been rescued at sea. In the reality of dangerous journeys undertaken to gain access to reluctant coastal states, the time-honoured maritime traditions of rescue at sea collide with the growing determination of states to prevent illegal entry to their territory.

    United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2006

    #arne_rinnan #tampa #australie #réfugiés #migrants

  • En Avril 2015, Arne Rinnan qui avait sauvé plus de 400 réfugiés dans l’Oc"an Indien a sévèrement critiqué le gouvernement norvégien pour sa passivité devant les drames qui se jouent en Méditerranée. Il accuse Erna Solberg, la première ministre, de ne pas agir assez vite pour sauver les milliers de migrants en danger de mort en pleine mer Méditerranée.

    MIDDELHAVET , BÅTFLYKTNINGER - Helten fra MS Tampa : - Skuffet over regjeringen

    http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/utenriks/helten-fra-ms-tampa---skuffet-over-regjeringen/3422777240.html

    Han bidro til å redde 438 båtflyktninger utenfor Australia. Nå kritiserer helten fra MS « Tampa » den norske regjeringens treghet med hjelp i Middelhavet.

    Arne-Frode Rinnan, helten fra MS « Tampa », som i 2001 reddet 438 båtflyktninger fra et synkende skip utenfor Christmas Island, mener den norske regjeringen brukte lang tid før de bestemte seg for å hjelpe båtflyktningene i Middelhavet.

    – Det som skjedde med fiskebåten som forliste utenfor Libya natt til søndag er en humanitær katastrofe, sier den nå pensjonerte sjøkapteinen til Nettavisen.

    #arne_rinnan #tampa #mourir_en _mer #méditerranée #réfugiés #migration

  • Refugee shares Tampa memories | SBS News
    http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/08/23/refugee-shares-tampa-memories

    SPECIAL REPORT: Amin Sharzad was just one of the multitudes, one of the 438 on board the boat of asylum seekers when Captain Rinnan’s ship found it.

    –—

    Tampa key players look back | SBS News
    http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/08/24/tampa-key-players-look-back

    The Tampa ship captain, former immigration minister Phillip Ruddock, a former SAS commander and a refugee relive the Tampa ordeal and ponder whether they would do it all again, Ron Sutton reports.

    –—

    Tampa SAS commander remembers ’overreaction’ | SBS News
    http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/08/23/tampa-sas-commander-remembers-overreaction

    SPECIAL REPORT: Ten years ago, Peter Tinley was second-in-command of the SAS counter-terrorism force sent to Christmas Island by the federal government to keep the Tampa away.

    –—

    No regrets for Ruddock 10 years after Tampa | SBS News
    http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/08/23/no-regrets-ruddock-10-years-after-tampa

    Ten years after the Tampa, former Immigration Minister Philip Ruddock says he wouldn’t do anything differently, Ron Sutton reports.

    #tampa #arne_rinnan #australie #Migrations #réfugiés

    • Arne RInnan a été menacé par Canberra d’être arrêté et jugé avec le risque d’une peine de 20 ans de prison

      Truet Tampa-kaptein med 20 års fengsel - Utenriks - Dagbladet.no
      http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2001/10/22/289852.html

      Truet Tampa-kaptein med 20 års fengsel

      Kaptein Arne Rinnan ble truet med at han ville bli arrestert og dømt til fengsel i 20 år hvis han satte flyktninger i land på Christmas Island i Australia.

      HELT : Tampa-kaptein Arne Rinnan skal ha blitt truet med fengsel av australske myndigheter. Men han holdt hodet kaldt og gjorde det han mente var riktig likevel.

      HELT : Tampa-kaptein Arne Rinnan skal ha blitt truet med fengsel av australske myndigheter. Men han holdt hodet kaldt og gjorde det han mente var riktig likevel.
      Foto : SCANPIX
      Wilhelmsen-rederiet, som eier « Tampa », sier de ikke har noen kjennskap til truslene.

      Den australske avisen The Sydney Morning Herald har spadd fram nye opplysninger om dramatikken som utspilte seg om bord på « Tampa » og i parlamentskorridorene i Canberra.

  • En 2011 cette chaine australienne marquait le 10e anniversaire de l’assaut des forces australiennes sur le navire norvégien le Tampa.

    Il faut lire l’article et surtout regarder le reportage. C’était en 2011, puis en 2011. Vous pouvez rouvrir les yeux, et vous brancher sur la télé en septembre 2015, et comparer...

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlEi-374y4A

    http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2011/08/22/ten-years-tampa

    Mise en ligne le 21 août 2011

    Ten years ago this week, the cargo ship MV Tampa picked up more than 400 asylum seekers near Christmas island. Watch World News Australia 6.30pm nightly and 9.30pm Mon-Fri on SBS ONE.

    #arne_rinnan #tampa #australie #réfugiés #migrants

  • UNHCR - Nansen Winners

    http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c467-page3.html

    Puisqu’on en parle en direct avec @cdb_77 ce soir, j’avais envie d’avoir sa photo. Regardez cette photo : Arne Rinnan et une partie de son équipage, c’est l’honneur de l’humanité. Ce sont nos héros.

    2002 Captain Arne Rinnan and the crew and owners of the Norwegian container ship, MV Tampa

    Captain Arne Rinnan and the crew and owners of the Norwegian container ship, MV Tampa, for demonstrating courage and a unique degree of commitment to refugee protection. Capt. Rinnan was in charge of the Tampa when it rescued 438 boat people in the Indian Ocean on August 26, 2001. Despite the risk of substantial delays and a large financial loss to the company, the huge container ship - unsuitable to carry a large number of passengers - altered its course to rescue the asylum-seekers.

    Une grande partie des « réfugiés du Tampa » sont aujourd’hui en Nouvelle-Zélande.
    #arne_rinan #tampa #norvège

  • #Nauru - How to Make Money with Bird Shit

    This was the only country on my trip where the immigration requirements were not really clear to me, as the few comments on the net I found made different statements, one claiming they even refuse the boarding without showing a visa, confirmed hotel booking and booked onward flight. As I hoped for a visa on arrival I was a bit nervous at the airport check in. But nobody asked me for anything of those things. In Nauru I became nervous again already seeing me arguing with the immigration officer. To my surprise not even a visa on arrival was required, as they just gave me a transfer stamp for the 3 days I´ve planned to stay. „Great I´m in“, I thought, not knowing that exactly 3 days later I will think, „Great I´m out“.

    https://thorstenmehret.exposure.co/nauru-how-to-make-money-with-bird-shit?slow=1

  • Migration : #Bourbon_Argos not authorised to land 700 rescued migrants in Sicily

    Rome - Médecins Sans Frontières’ (#MSF) search and rescue vessel Bourbon Argos is currently navigating the northern coast of Sicily with about 700 people on board, towards the port of Reggio Calabria, where it should land Saturday early morning. Despite lengthy discussions with Italian authorities and efforts by the Italian Coastguards, the Bourbon Argos was not authorised to disembark the 700 migrants in Sicily due to lack of capacity of the reception system.

    http://www.msf.org/article/migration-bourbon-argos-not-authorised-land-700-rescued-migrants-sicily
    #Italie #mer #secours #migration #asile #réfugiés #frontière #droit_de_la_mer
    cc @reka... qui trouvera aussi les bons tags !

    cf. histoire du #Tampa et du capitaine #Arne_Rinan en #Australie #Arne_Rinnan

  • The #Leaky_Boats (Documentary)

    A moving documentary about how the Australian Government used the Refugee Boats as a mechanism to boost it’s standing in the Polls during the election to clinch a victory and keep John Howard in Parliament

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3c_phJsx1NE

    #documentaire #film #migration #asile #réfugiés #Australie #refugee_boats #haute-mer #externalisation #Manus_island #Nauru #Pacific_solution

    • J’ai enfin réussi à regarder le documentaire, je vais mettre ici la trame et quelques extraits...

      26.08.2001 : 433 réfugiés s’approchent des côtes australiennes.
      Le « #Tampa » boat (un cargo norvégien) répond à un appel des secours et s’approche du bateau de #réfugiés pour le sauvetage.
      Les réfugiés sont sauvés et montés à bord du Tampa, mais le capitaine du Tampa reçoit l’ordre de ne pas s’approcher des côtes australiennes.
      Tampa était un bateau norvégien, s’il avait été australien, son capitaine, #Arne_Rinan, aurait été emprisonné en Australie dès son entrée sur le territoire australien.

      L’opinion publique et les politiciens s’enflamment (c’est temps d’élection). John Howard disant notamment que les réfugiés n’ont qu’à faire la queue dans les ambassades pour demander un visa...

      7’50 : Mais "some basics facts have been left out of the loop :
      – in Afghanistan or Irak, there was no Australian embassy. The idea of a queue was a fantasy
      – The people on the boats were not « illegals », Australia’s laws gave them the right to seek asylum
      – the most basic fact : the numbers :
      Brigadier Gary BORNHOLDT, Head of Military Public Affairs « In defence, it was not a big deal, because the number of the people was very very small. That’s why they did not represent a security threat »
      Admiral Chris BARRIE, Chief of Australian Defence Force : « We don’t actually remember that much of the illegal immigration takes place at airports »

      8’50 : Carmen LAWRENCE, Labor member of the Parliament : « It has to be described as a ’moral panic’ »

      3 jours après le sauvetage, le capitaine du Tampa décide d’entrer dans les eaux australiennes (surtout car certains réfugiés nécessitaient d’une assistance médicale urgente). Il a fait cela « to get the reaction ». Et la réaction a été que... l’Australie a envoyé le counter-terrorism squat (SAS).

      15’50 : Major Peter TINLEY : « I said, well, they are a bunch of refugees. I can’t help to feel that the Prime Minister John Howard viewed the SAS as something that would resony politically to the message of border security. You can’t amp it up more in the public’s mind that in saying ’we’ve gonna send the SAS, we’ll show how though we are in border security ».

      Mais... le Tampa n’a pas pu être renvoyé dans les #eaux_internationales par les SAS.

      La Nouvelle Zélande a offert son aide en disant voulant accueillir les enfants et les familles de réfugiés. Mais quid des autres réfugiés ?

      The island of #Nauru was a place that most Australians never heard about. It was 4000 km from Sidney. The smallest Republic in the world. A nation of just 12’000 people, living on 21 km2, and an economy based on guano mining. The guano was running out, and Nauru was closed to bankrupcy.
      Phone calls were made to Nauru’s President. 8 days after they have been rescued, the refugees left the Tampa for an Australian navy ship.
      But... there was actually an issue in Australia’s arrangment with Nauru : when the Australian ship took on board the refugees, there was no agreement between Australia and Nauru.

      Peter REITH, Minister of Defence, was sent to Nauru : « I said to John : ’I think we should give them whatever the want ».
      Le Président de Nauru a demandé 20 mio. de dollars australiens... qui lui ont été donnés !

      From now on, the boats would be stopped. The government would sent the navy to turn them back in a new operation called #Operation_Relex. The arrival of boats has past from an immigration issue into a defence issue. The leaky boats were now called #SIEV (#Suspected_illegal_entry_vessels). With the Operation Relex, when SIEV would approach, the navy executed the order.
      Within a week that Relex started, the navy had nearly 1000 refugees in their hands.
      –-> L’ordre donné par les militaires « retourner en Indonésie » n’était jamais exécuté par les réfugiés, qui restaient donc juste en decà des eaux internationales australiennes, sans bouger.

      A decision came from Canberra : bring the people to #Manus_Island.

      Jenny McKERRY, Head of public affairs, Department of Defence : « We were told not to say anything in the public form which would humanise those people »
      Head of military public affairs : « They wanted to portray that these were not normal people »

      Entre temps... 11 septembre 2001.

      Et SIEV 4 s’approche des côtes... et encore une fois les personnes à bord ne veulent pas retourner en Indonésie.

      Et là, l’histoire de la couverture médiatique de SIEV 4.

      Le bateau militaire HMAS Adelaide s’approche de SIEV 4 pour leur dire de retourner en Indonésie. A l’équipage on dit qu’il pourrait y avoir des terroristes à bord. Quand HMAS s’approche de SIEV 4, ils tirent des coup en l’air. Quelques réfugiés décident de se jeter à l’eau. D’autres montrent soulèvent des enfants, pour montrer à HMAS qu’il y a des enfants à bord. L’équipage de HMAS appelle Canberra pour dire que des adultes se sont jetés dans l’eau et qu’il y a des enfants à bord. Canberra averti les médias en disant que les réfugiés jettent les enfants à l’eau... L’indignation s’empare du pays « qui peuvent bien être ses sauvages qui jettent leurs enfants à l’eau »...
      En réalité, le HMAS a attendu que le SIEV 4 coule pour pouvoir sauver les réfugiés...

      Able Seaman Bec LYND, membre de l’équipage du HMAS : « We thought that when we would return to Australia, we would have commend for the job we did » (i.e. rescuing the refugees), « but the captain told us that some photos that has been sent from the ship had been misinterpreted. From that came the story that the people we rescued had thrown the children overboard. He said he was absolutely obviously not true, but we were told not to talk to the media or to our families »

      Les réfugiés sauvés ont ensuite été envoyés sur les îles de Nauru et Manus.

      A refugee : « Actually, we felt that we are not on the world anymore, we are somewhere wehre nobody had an idea ».

      3 weeks before elections, Relex was not achieving its objective : not a single boat had been turned back. The government’s response : escalate Relex. From now on, instead of trying to turn boats back, the navy would board them and send them all the way back to Indonesia.

      Témoignage d’un réfugiés qui était dans un bateau, arrivé après SIEV 4 : « We thought we had to throw the children in water, becaue in the other boat they did and the navy accepted them ».
      –-> en réalité, ce même réfugié a fait seulement semblant de jeter son enfant, pour attendre la réaction de la marine.

      « We created a high risk situation, where it is the interest of the people in the boat to sink the boat »

      Quelques jours/semaines après, un bateau avec 353 réfugiés à bord a coulé à cause d’une tempête. Tous les réfugiés sont morts.
      –-> John Howard : « This has been a terrible tragedy. Terrible. It was heart breaking, with little children. But we sent them a message ’Don’t try in the first place, because you’re not going to succeed ».
      (et, assez insupportable, Howard a les larmes aux yeux en disant cela !!! ARRRGHHHH)

      Et 3 jours avant les élections, les médias annoncent la nouvelle comme quoi l’histoire des enfants « never happened ». Pourtant, malgré cela, cette annonce, au lieu de plomber Howard dans les projections électorales, l’a boosté.

      « In the end, in the people who came on boat in the spring of 2001, 70% were found to be genuine refugees. Today the majority of them are living in Australia. People we spent hundreds of milions of dollars to stop »

      cc @reka

  • A Line in the Sea

    It was almost spring in Sydney the day the M.V. #Tampa sailed into our national consciousness. At first it seemed like another of those stories we are now accustomed to hearing: people packed on a ramshackle boat, headed for some ocean outpost or other – Ashmore Reef, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island – it didn’t much matter which. But for these voyagers a different (and as I write still unknown) landing awaited. Perhaps more than any event of subsequent weeks, the conflagrations in the United States that almost, but never quite, eclipsed it, the day the Tampa set sail towards us is a day that will change the meaning of Australia.

    ...

    Of course Chippendale, where I write this today, is not Colombo (although in the week of September 11, I was racially abused on Sydney’s Broadway as I was on Colombo’s streets almost twenty years ago). Australia is not Sri Lanka. But it is as well to remember that multiethnic, multiracial societies are not geared towards unavoidable conflict. For that to happen active choices must be made; one set of options adopted over another; certain things said or not said; positions actively staked out; exclusions and inclusions clearly demarcated. As the recent work of Henry Reynolds shows, alongside the stream of racism, exclusion and violence there also always exists the possibility of dissent and opposition; of critiquing the racial claims and myths of our society; of challenging the stereotypes that would exclude certain groups from full citizenship in the public sphere. 14 Historically this stream is a source of counter-representations and narratives that resist the powerful, ongoing legacies of empire in Australia.

    http://www.australianhumanitiesreview.org/archive/Issue-September-2002/perera.html

    Pour télécharger l’article original en pdf :
    http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au/R?func=dbin-jump-full&local_base=gen01-era02&object_id=131
    (mais très mauvaise qualité)

    #Australie #migration #asile
    cc @reka