Cumulative green inequality: an environmental justice typology of private green advantage and public park engagement
▻https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-cities/articles/10.3389/frsc.2026.1883980/full
IntroductionUrban green spaces are widely recognized for enhancing human well-being and delivering co-benefits for both communities and the environment. In Chinese cities, gated communities have become the dominant form of residential development and often include collectively owned private green space. However, these semi-private green spaces (accessible only to residents and their guests) raise important justice questions. Therefore, we examine whether access to private community green spaces substitutes or complements public park engagement and construct an environmental justice typology based on private green advantage and perceived public park accessibility.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 1668 residents was conducted in Fuzhou and Guiyang, two second-tier provincial capital (…)