Migration & gender : Key trends
The share of female migrants has not changed tremendously in the past 60 years. However, more female migrants are migrating independently for work, education and as heads of households. Despite these improvements, female migrants may still face stronger discrimination, are more vulnerable to mistreatment, and can experience double discrimination as both migrants and as women in their host country in comparison to male migrants. Nonetheless, male migrants are also exposed to vulnerabilities in the migration processes. Therefore, gender-responsive data on migration have potential to promote greater equality and offer opportunities for disadvantaged groups.
Global
Women comprise somewhat less than half, 125 million or 48.4 per cent, of the global international migrant stock (UN DESA, 2017). The share of female migrants has declined from 49.1 per cent in 2000 to 48.4 per cent in 2017, whereas the proportion of male migrants grew from 50.7 per cent in 2000 to 51.6 per cent in 2017 (ibid.). There were more male international migrant workers, 83.7 million or 55.7 per cent, than female, 66.6 million or 44.3 per cent, in 2013 (ILO, 2015).
Asia and Africa
From 2000-2017, the estimated stock of male international migrants grew tremendously by 73 per cent in Asia, to 46 million (UN DESA, 2017). This growth has been fueled by the increasing demand for male migrant workers in oil-producing countries of Western Asia. Similar developments can be observed in Africa, which experienced more growth among male migrants (41.8% during 2000-2017) than among female migrants (37.1%) (ibid.). The share of female migrants is much lower both in Asia (42.4%) and in Africa (47.1%) (UN DESA, 2017) Thus, male international migrants significantly outnumber female international migrants in these regions.
Europe and Northern America
Female migrants comprise slightly more than half of all international migrants in Europe and Northern America. In 2017, the share of females among all international migrants reached 52 per cent in Europe and 51.5 per cent in Northern America (UN DESA, 2017). The larger portion of female migrants in these regions is because of a combination of two factors: the presence of older migrants in the population and the tendency of longer life expectancies of female migrants in comparison with males. Statistics show that women as a group live longer than men. Thus, these estimates show that older female migrants outlive older male migrants.
Latin America, Oceania and the Caribbean
In 2017, the number of female international migrants (50.7%) slightly outnumbered the proportion of male international migrants (49.3%) in these major areas. Moreover, during 2000-2017, the stock of female international migrants grew faster than that of male international migrants (UN DESA, 2017).
▻https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/gender
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