Fil

#Paywall : The Business of Scholarship

Paywall: The Business of Scholarship, produced by #Jason_Schmitt, provides focus on the need for open access to research and science, questions the rationale behind the $25.2 billion a year that flows into for-profit academic publishers, examines the 35-40% profit margin associated with the top academic publisher Elsevier and looks at how that profit margin is often greater than some of the most profitable tech companies like Apple, Facebook and Google. For more information please visit: Paywallthemovie.com

https://pro2-bar-s3-cdn-cf.myportfolio.com/2f842c534d55e3fb30336e7ccc26d27a/bf149450-ce14-4825-9fa4-f43f77488eb5_rw_1920.jpg?h=5811531564e2bebb5cf44a1396455bbe#.jpg

EU hijacking: self-driving car data will be copyrighted...by the manufacturer / Boing Boing
▻https://boingboing.net/2018/10/10/corporate-kitts.html

https://media.boingboing.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/herbie-the-love-bug-the-love-bug-40942517-1600-900.jpg

The autonomous vehicle rules contained a clause that affirmed that “data generated by autonomous transport are automatically generated and are by nature not creative, thus making copyright protection or the right on databases inapplicable.”

This is pretty inoffensive stuff. Copyright protects creative work, not factual data, and the telemetry generated by your car — self-driving or not — is not copyrighted.

But just before the vote, members of the European Peoples’ Party (the same bloc that pushed through the catastrophic new Copyright Directive) stopped the proceedings with a rare “roll call” and voted down the clause.

In other words, they’ve snuck in a space for the telemetry generated by autonomous vehicles to become someone’s property. This is data that we will need to evaluate the safety of autonomous vehicles, to fine-tune their performance, to ensure that they are working as the manufacturer claims — data that will not be public domain (as copyright law dictates), but will instead be someone’s exclusive purview, to release or withhold as they see fit.

Who will own this data? It’s unlikely that it will be the owners of the vehicles. Just look at the data generated by farmers who own John Deere tractors. These tractors create a wealth of soil data, thanks to humidity sensors, location sensors and torque sensors — a centimeter-accurate grid of soil conditions in the farmer’s own field.

How mapmakers help indigenous people defend their lands
▻https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture-exploration/2018/10/indigenous-cultures-mapping-projects-reclaim-lands-columbus

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/content/dam/photography/rights-exempt/indigenous-mapmaking-promo.ngsversion.1538688567335.adapt.1900.1.jpg

One early project in the 1990s focused on the remote Darién region of Panama. Official maps of the area contained little detail—the persistent cloud cover and dense rainforest canopy were impenetrable to the satellite imagery and aerial photos that government cartographers used to make their maps. But to the three main indigenous groups in the region, Emberá, the Wounaan, and the Guna, the land was filled with landmarks.

The organization’s approach was simple: ask indigenous people to draw detailed maps of their lands, and then get professional cartographers to incorporate this information into modern, geographically accurate maps.

To map the Darién, indigenous leaders selected men from communities in the region to act as surveyors. The surveyors then set out by bus, by canoe, or on foot, armed with pencils, pens, and blank sheets of manila paper to sketch the local waterways and other landmarks. In collaboration with villagers and their leaders they carefully drew maps that included things of importance to their communities that wouldn’t typically appear on government maps, like hunting and fishing grounds, or places where firewood, fruit, or medicine were gathered. They often chose to leave out cemeteries and sacred sites, preferring to keep that knowledge within their communities. The quality of these maps varies considerably, but the best of them are works of art, Chapin says (see below).

#cartographie #cartographie_participative #territoire #peuples_autochtones

‘I spent seven years fighting to survive’: #Chelsea_Manning on #whistleblowing and #WikiLeaks | US news | The Guardian
▻https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/07/chelsea-manning-wikileaks-whistleblowing-interview-carole-cadwalladr

https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3977078e103813c075cb25fcc546182e0e3f217/7_2848_3516_2110/master/3516.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Centropy&bm=normal&ba=bottom%2Cleft&blend64=aHR0cHM6Ly9hc3NldHMuZ3VpbS5jby51ay9pbWFnZXMvb3ZlcmxheXMvZjZlYzA2YWNlZGUwZWRmMDNiMDM3MmE1Y2VkZWJmZTIvdG8tZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&s=b362365d610f872837d34e47448f6758

Perhaps the most revealing part of my conversation with Chelsea Manning is what she doesn’t say. What she can’t or won’t talk about. It’s not that she doesn’t have a whole lot to say – she does, particularly about technology and how it can be used against us. Her job as an intelligence analyst for the US army, using data to profile enemy combatants – to be targeted and maybe killed – gave her an acute understanding of its potential uses and abuses. She understood the power of Facebook to profile and target long before the Cambridge Analytica scandal erupted. “Marketing or death by drone, it’s the same math,” she says. There’s no difference between the private sector and the military. “You could easily turn Facebook into that. You don’t have to change the programming, just the purpose of why you have the system.”

Being seen, feeling heard – Pictal Health – Medium
▻https://medium.com/pictal-health/being-seen-feeling-heard-ef418177b2c6

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1200/1*kbJrpGc8h1344DEWHuXzKA.png

when someone receives a visual representation of their entire health journey, that may be difficult for them emotionally. A few of the early patients I worked with never got back to me after I sent them a first draft of their timeline; it slowly dawned on me that their timeline may have brought up topics that are painful to face. For people who have spent a lifetime hiding their health issues (both physical and mental) from the world, finally being seen may feel more like an intrusion.

Pictal Health
▻https://www.pictalhealth.com

http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b0f678e3c3a5315e6f7ae07/t/5b23e61b2b6a28980f62e885/1529079328722/Social+Share.png?format=1000w

Tell your health story visually.

#conseil #visualisation #santé

Nouvelle affaire Areva : une monstrueuse amende de 24 milliards de dollars menace les contribuables français - CANSE
▻http://coordination-antinucleaire-sudest.net/2012/index.php?post/2018/10/01/Affaire-Areva-%3A-une-monstrueuse-amende-menace-l

Une bien mauvaise nouvelle pour le contribuable… français. Car, en cas de procès pour corruption aux États-Unis, la règle veut que le montant de l’amende couvre la totalité du préjudice financier. Certes, le procureur pourrait se contenter de réclamer à Areva les 243 millions de dollars correspondant au montant de l’acquisition d’Ausra. Mais il peut aussi très bien exiger le remboursement de toutes les dépenses fédérales engagées dans l’affaire, à savoir : les 7,7 milliards de dollars investis dans l’usine de mox jamais construite, les 19,9 milliards qui vont être engloutis dans la gestion du plutonium non transformé et les 243 millions de l’acquisition d’Ausra, soit au total pratiquement 28 milliards de dollars, ou si l’on préfère, 24,1 milliards d’euros au cours actuel.

Inutile de préciser que, Orano n’ayant pas un centime en poche, c’est l’État qui devrait passer à la caisse (et donc les contribuables français). Le seul moyen d’éviter un tel désastre, font valoir les juristes, serait que la justice française sanctionne elle-même les coupables.

#nucléaire

#Typhus reaches ’epidemic levels’ in parts of #Los_Angeles area
▻https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/typhus-reaches-epidemic-levels-parts-los-angeles-area-n917271

https://media3.s-nbcnews.com/j/newscms/2018_40/2594586/181005-flea-ac-654p_6fcf448921a86b711a0e3424bf06c3fe.1200;630;7;70;5.jpg

“Infection happens when the feces from infected fleas are rubbed into cuts or scrapes in the skin or rubbed into the eyes,” the county health department states on its website.

Some experts, however, say the true culprit is the inhumane conditions the county’s expanding homeless population lives in.

Typhus — Wikipédia
▻https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Joos_van_Craesbeek_-_The_lice_crusher.jpg

[L]es mesures d’hygiène associées à l’utilisation d’insecticides, puis à l’antibiothérapie ont fait disparaître et même oublier l’importance et la gravité qu’avait le typhus avant les années 1950.

#Etats-Unis #santé

The First Jigsaw Puzzles Were Made From Maps - YouTube
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrzPfQefwfM

The first jigsaw puzzles were created in the 1760s from maps pasted onto wood and cut along boundary lines as a unique way to teach children geography.

Introducing Sans Forgetica, the font designed to boost your memory - The Washington Post
▻https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/10/05/introducing-sans-forgetica-font-designed-boost-your-memory

https://www.washingtonpost.com/resizer/h6paEZTjJUIBfpdkPFWMfrsZ08s=/1484x0/arc-anglerfish-washpost-prod-washpost.s3.amazonaws.com/public/NDAMLSYWIVD4FLCQA727USHCKM.jpg

Hoe zou Vlaanderen er uitzien zonder gesjoemel met dieselwag... - De Standaard
▻http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20180924_03779996

https://dsocdn.akamaized.net/Assets/Images_Upload/2018/10/02/HEADER.jpg

#cartographie #pollution #diesel #bagnole #mensonge

« Pour les familles modestes, le mail est un instrument de torture »
▻https://usbeketrica.com/article/pour-les-familles-modestes-le-mail-est-un-instrument-de-torture

https://static.usbeketrica.com/images/thumb_840xh/5bb4e2eee83f7.jpg

Oui. Pour les familles modestes, le mail n’est pas un outil de conversation agréable. Il est asynchrone et écrit. Envoyer et attendre une réponse ne correspond pas aux valeurs du face à face dans l’échange, qui reste très fort dans les milieux populaires. Il demeure de l’ordre du courrier, ce qui en fait un dispositif formellement distant. Les familles disposent bien souvent d’une seule adresse mail partagée. C’est un moyen de tenir un principe de transparence familial… (et de surveillance : une femme ne peut pas recevoir de courrier personnel).

Migrants en Méditerranée centrale : des push-back aux pull-back

https://i.imgur.com/bRzYR8Q.png

ping @reka

See Almost Every NASA Spacecraft Ever Launched | Time
▻http://time.com/5408827/nasa-spacecraft-missions

https://imagesvc.timeincapp.com/v3/mm/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftimedotcom.files.wordpress.com%2F2018%2F09%2Fnasa-online-proof.jpeg%3Fquality%3D85&w=1600&q=70

#NASA #espace

Maps Mania: Unboxing the Shetlands
▻http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/2018/10/unboxing-shetlands.html

https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mMNLVHXUvJk/W7decdk1qHI/AAAAAAAA3dM/zFgUN7uS_OM_fJlIrzQXg6d4M-4oloBMQCLcBGAs/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/typhoon.gif

Yesterday the Scottish government passed a law which makes it illegal to place the Shetlands Islands in an inset box on a map of Scotland.

Just as Hawaii is often shown in an inset box on maps of the United States the Shetland Islands are often placed in an inset box on maps of Scotland. By making it illegal to place the Shetland Islands inside an inset box the politicians have created a huge problem for cartographers.

Or have they?

My solution to this problem is simply Unboxing the Shetlands and placing the rest of Scotland in an inset box instead. This simple and elegant solution to the new law will hopefully satisfy everybody.

Obviously my solution does not quite fit the letter of the new law which requires that the islands be “displayed in a manner that accurately and proportionately represents their geographical location in relation to the rest of Scotland”. However I think it does fit the spirit of the law in that it more accurately reflects the huge cultural and historical significance of the islands. My map obviously has the additional benefit of putting Scotland back in the box where it belongs.

#cartographie #Écosse #Shetlands #LOL

Conditions de vie des #enfants en #France
▻http://dataviz.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/conditions_de_vie_des_enfants

https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VY20-LtS4q0/W7c8XJfmMeI/AAAAAAAA3dA/qdMc4J4oPT03i8toy0fL47NEYfdGuUoUQCLcBGAs/s523/typhoon.gif

#datasource #crèches #santé etc

Fukushima, l’impossible retour dans les villages de l’ancienne zone d’évacuation : l’exemple d’Iitate — Géoconfluences
▻http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/actualites/eclairage/fukushuma-iitate-impossible-retour

http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/images/eclairages/img-asanuma-brice/iitate-fukushima-carte3.png

La commune d’Iitate, dans le département de Fukushima, a été durement frappée par les retombées radioactives de la catastrophe de mars 2011. Désertée par les habitants après l’ordre d’évacuation, elle porte les séquelles de l’accident et de plusieurs années d’abandon. Alors que les autorités incitent au retour et abolissent les aides aux réfugiés, les anciens habitants redoutent de regagner un environnement où la radioactivité reste supérieure aux normes internationales.

Agricultural research or new bioweapon system ? HEGAAs & #DARPA program
►http://web.evolbio.mpg.de/HEGAAs

Agricultural research, or a new bioweapon system?   Science Vol. 362, Issue 6410, pp. 35-37DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7664

http://web.evolbio.mpg.de/HEGAAs/_Media/insect_allies_1-01_med.png

#OGM #moustiques #Insect_Allies

#Netflix consomme 15% de la bande passante dans le monde
►https://www.zdnet.fr/blogs/digital-home-revolution/netflix-consomme-15-de-la-bande-passante-internet-dans-le-monde-39874491.htm

https://www.zdnet.fr/i/edit/ne/2018/09/sandvine001.png

Le rapport de Sandvine passe en revue les usages d’internet, et sans surprise, c’est la #vidéo qui arrive en tête du classement.

▻https://www.sandvine.com/phenomena

La vidéo représente 56% de tout le trafic sur Internet ; et ce qui est encore plus impressionnant, c’est que les flux de contenus en 4K sont une goutte d’eau dans cet océan d’images ; on peut donc s’attendre à une augmentation de la place de la vidéo dans les prochaines années. 

Aux Etats-Unis, le premier service de vidéo est Netflix, Youtube ne pointe qu’en 5ème position, alors que Amazon Prime se hisse à la quatrième place. Sur la zone Europe, c’est Youtube qui arrive en première position, suivi par Netflix en deuxième place et Amazon en quatrième position. Enfin, dans la zone Asie-Pacifique, ce sont les autres sites de vidéo (HTTP Media Stream) qui occupent la première position, suivis de Facebook et Netflix. Au global, on comprend à travers ces #chiffres que l’empire vidéo de Netflix s’est imposé partout dans le monde.

Voyager 2 - data exploration
▻https://uwdata.github.io/voyager2

et cette présentation de Jeff Heer qui montre comment s’en servir
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouIFSDQwkQM

#outils #données #csv

Reckless campaign of cyber attacks by Russian military intelligence service exposed - NCSC Site
▻https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/reckless-campaign-cyber-attacks-russian-military-intelligence-service-expos

The GRU are associated with the names:

APT 28
Fancy Bear
Sofacy
Pawnstorm
Sednit
CyberCaliphate
Cyber Berkut
Voodoo Bear
BlackEnergy Actors
STRONTIUM
Tsar Team
Sandworm

Today, the UK and its allies are once again united in demonstrating that the international community will stand up against irresponsible cyber attacks by other Governments and that we will work together to respond to them. The British Government will continue to do whatever is necessary to keep our people safe.

via @maliciarogue
▻https://twitter.com/MaliciaRogue/status/1047757956828282880

(Il va de soi que les piratages, attaques et surveillance perpétrées par UK+Alliés c’est pas irresponsable.)

#Russie #UK #cyberattaques

Pourquoi Donna Strickland n’était pas sur Wikipédia avant d’avoir son Nobel de physique

▻https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2018/10/03/pourquoi-donna-strickland-n-etait-pas-sur-wikipedia-avant-d-avoir-son-nobel-

Lorsque #Donna_Strickland a obtenu le prix #Nobel de physique mardi 2 octobre, collectivement avec deux autres scientifiques, pour ses travaux sur les lasers, la chercheuse canadienne n’avait pas de page #Wikipédia, contrairement à ses deux confrères. Pourtant, au mois de mai, un brouillon de page à son nom avait été soumis pour création – avant d’être rejeté par un éditeur de l’encyclopédie en ligne.

Ce rejet a, depuis mardi, valu de nombreuses critiques à l’encyclopédie, sur laquelle les scientifiques femmes sont nettement moins bien représentées que leurs homologues masculins. Plus de 80 % des notices biographiques du site sont en effet consacrées à des hommes, et la disproportion est encore plus importante pour les scientifiques.

#Jimmy_Wales, le fondateur de Wikipédia, a réagi à la polémique, soulignant qu’il s’agissait d’un sujet « important ». « C’est l’une des choses qui doit changer sur Wikipédia », a-t-il déclaré dans un message publié sur Twitter.

[...]

L’encyclopédie a-t-elle failli ou non dans ce dossier ? « Journalistes, si vous vous apprêtez à reprocher à Wikipédia sa couverture des femmes, commencez par balayer devant votre porte », s’est agacée #Katherine_Muahahar, directrice de la fondation Wikimédia, consacrée à promouvoir l’encyclopédie. « Nous sommes un miroir des discriminations du monde, nous n’en sommes pas la source. Nous ne pouvons pas écrire d’articles sur ce que vous ne couvrez pas. »

Elle a également égratigné le monde de la recherche : « Quand vous ne reconnaissez pas, n’écrivez pas, ne publiez pas ou ne favorisez pas les femmes, les queers, les personnes de couleur et les autres, vous les effacez, eux et leurs contributions. »

La faute est-elle du côté de Wikipédia, des médias, de la recherche ? « Nous vivons dans un monde où une femme a remporté un prix Nobel sans même avoir été promue professeure, et vous vous demandez pourquoi les femmes quittent le monde universitaire », déplore ainsi une jeune chercheuse sur Twitter. « Entre son statut et la débâcle de la page Wikipédia, ce qui est sûr, c’est que son travail n’est (ou du moins, n’était) pas considéré comme il aurait dû. Ce qui semble récurrent chez les femmes dans le monde universitaire. »

#page_à_supprimer

Gender Biases: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in French Local Elections - Sciences Po Spire
▻https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/3k0m7r593p8gs9njjtpupmlknu

Résumé:   [en] Women are under-represented in politics. In this paper, we test one of the potential explanations for this situation: gender-bias from voters. We use a natural experiment during French local elections in 2015: for the first time in this country, candidates had to run by pairs, which had to be gender-balanced. We argue that this reform confused some voters, who mighthave assumedthat the firstname on theballot representedthe “main” candidate. Since the order of the candidates on the ballot was determined by alphabetical order, the order of appearance of male and female candidates is as-good-as-random, and this setting allows us to isolate gender biases from selection effects. Our main result is that there exists a negative gender bias affecting right-wing candidates, who receive about 1.5 points lower shares of vote when the female candidate appears first on the ballot. The missing votes prevented some pairs of candidates from being elected. Using the fact that the candidates can (but do not have to) report additional information about themselves on the ballot, we show that this discrimination is likely to be statistical, since the most affected women are those running in pairs which do not report any information.

#élections #femmes

FDA Seizes Documents From E-Cigarette Maker Amid Crackdown On Flavored Vapes : NPR
▻https://www.npr.org/2018/10/03/653891923/fda-seizes-documents-from-e-cigarette-maker-amid-crackdown-on-vaping-flavors

https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2018/10/03/gettyimages-1044550076_wide-5940e56c1616c67c6f9e2defff1df932843f2768.jpg?s=1400

JUULs are trendy, USB-shaped vaporizers that provide a quick dose of nicotine to users. Introduced in 2015, the vapes are marketed as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes for adult users, but some critics say that flavors such as mango and creme appeal primarily to teenagers and children. One study suggests that 81 percent of children who ever use tobacco start with a flavored tobacco product.

“The popularity of JUUL among kids threatens our progress in reducing youth e-cigarette use,” said Dr. Robert Redfield, director of CDC, in a press release. “We are alarmed that these new high nicotine content e-cigarettes, marketed and sold in kid-friendly flavors, are so appealing to our nation’s young people.”

The seizure was the latest in a series of FDA crackdowns on the e-cigarette market. In September, the agency announced it had issued more than 1,300 warning letters and fines to convenience stores, gas stations and other stores over the summer for selling e-cigarettes to minors — its largest such action to date.

“It is abundantly clear that tobacco companies are developing and marketing e-cigarette flavors that appeal to, and addict, children,” the senators wrote in a letter.

Durban and Murkowski recently introduced legislation that would ban the use of flavoring in cigars — not e-cigarettes — and give tobacco companies one year to prove that “their e-cigarette flavors actually help adults quit smoking cigarettes” and “do no cause children to start smoking.” Currently, there is no legislation regulating the flavors of e-cigarette products.

FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb called youth e-cigarette use an “epidemic” last month, saying the practice “shows no signs of abating.”

“The FDA won’t tolerate a whole generation of young people becoming addicted to nicotine,” he continued.

#Tabac #Salopards #Addiction

L’ONU s’inquiète des conditions de travail des ouvriers du clic
▻https://www.blogdumoderateur.com/onu-conditions-travail-ouvriers-clic
▻http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_645337.pdf

L’étude publiée par L’Organisation internationale du travail des Nations Unies est la première sur ce sujet qui est pourtant un phénomène de grande ampleur. Les plateformes Amazon Mechanical Turk, Crowdflower, Clicworker ou Prolific rassemblent entre 45 et 90 millions de travailleurs. Ces travailleurs invisibles ont des conditions de travail qui sont particulièrement inquiétantes d’après l’étude. Elle porte sur 3500 travailleurs, répartis sur 75 pays.

https://ressources.blogdumoderateur.com/2018/09/onu-travail.jpg

#digital_labor

L’histoire, au ras du terrain, de la connexion d’une partie non connectée d’une petite ville française par un FAI associatif.

▻https://blog.scani.fr/index.php/2018/10/03/lhistoire-de-serbonnes

#Internet #fracture_numérique #SCANI