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  • Israeli Officer Who Ordered Illegal Search of Palestinian Woman’s Genitals Gets Promotion - Israel News - Haaretz.com
    https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-03-28/ty-article/.premium/israeli-officer-who-ordered-illegal-search-of-palestinian-womans-genitals-gets-promotion/0000018e-85bf-d9b3-abcf-87ff99520000

    An Israel Defense Forces officer who once illegally ordered a search of a Palestinian woman’s genitals was promoted last week to the rank of colonel, the fourth highest rank in the military.

  • Un vent nouveau sur le référencement de votre site espagnol
    https://www.tout-le-web.com/un-vent-nouveau-sur-le-referencement-de-votre-site-espagnol

    Le marché numérique espagnol est en pleine effervescence, et la visibilité en ligne y est devenue une compétition sans merci. Pour qu’un site internet espagnol se démarque, il doit adopter une stratégie de SEO (Search Engine Optimization) et de référencement adapté à sa cible et à ses spécificités culturelles et linguistiques. Avec les bonnes pratiques, […]

    #Entreprise

  • #GNOME 46 : The Best New Features
    https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/03/gnome-46-new-features

    GNOME 46 is released on March 20 and the update will be at the heart of the upcoming Ubuntu 24.04 release — so are you wondering what sort of improvements it brings? Well, I gotcha’ covered, innit. In this post I run-through the best #GNOME_46 features, changes, and usability enhancements. And there’s a fair bit, including super-charged search features in the Nautilus file manager, streamlining to the Settings app, support for remote login over RDP, and some small but sensible buffs to GNOME Shell notifications. Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ships with GNOME 46 by default so if this round-up leaves […] You’re reading GNOME 46: The Best New Features, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

    #News

  • GNOME Shell Extension Manager App Gets Updated
    https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/03/gnome-shell-extension-manager-app-updated

    A big update to Extension Manager, a popular 3rd-party tool to browse, install, and manage GNOME Shell extensions without the need for a web browser, has been released. If you’re into customising Ubuntu, be it changing the look and layout, adding animated effects, patching in new features and capabilities, or modifying underlying behaviour, you’ll know that GNOME Shell extensions are essential — as is this terrific, user-friendly tool. Extension Manager 0.5 is described as a “Performance & Polish” release by its developer Matt Wakeman, and with an update to libadwaita 1.5, smarter adaptive behaviour, (much needed) search fixes, and other […] You’re reading GNOME Shell Extension Manager App Gets Updated, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

    #News #App_Updates #GNOME_Extensions

  • Die Charlottenstraße
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/search?query=Charlottenstra%C3%9Fe


    Foto: Alte Wilde Korkmännchen CC-BY-ND auf Flickr

    Ja welche denn nun?

    1. Charlottenstraße Biesdorf
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-12683-Berlin
    2. Charlottenstraße Friedrichsfelde
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-10315-Berlin
    3. Charlottenstraße Köpenick
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-12557-Berlin
    4. Charlottenstraße Kreuzberg, Mitte
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-10117-10969-Berlin
    5. Charlottenstraße Lankwitz
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-12247-Berlin
    6. Charlottenstraße Lichtenrade
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-12307-Berlin
    7. Charlottenstraße Niederschönhausen, Rosenthal
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-13156-Berlin
    8. Charlottenstraße Spandau
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-13597-Berlin
    9. Charlottenstraße Wannsee
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenstrasse-14109-Berlin

    Außerdem könnte das noch von Interesse sein ...

    – Charlottenbrücke Spandau
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlottenbruecke-13597-Berlin
    – Charlotte-von-Mahlsdorf-Ring Mahlsdorf
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlotte-von-Mahlsdorf-Ring-12623-Berlin
    – Charlotte-Salomon-Hain Rummelsburg
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlotte-Salomon-Hain-10317-Berlin
    – Charlotte-E.-Pauly-Straße Friedrichshagen
    https://berlin.kauperts.de/Strassen/Charlotte-E-Pauly-Strasse-12587-Berlin

    #Berlin #Straßennamen #Charlotte

  • One in Three Migrant Deaths Occurs En route While Fleeing Conflict: IOM Report
    https://mailchi.mp/abbdbba817e3/one-in-three-migrant-deaths-occurs-en-route-while-fleeing-conflict-iom-repor

    One in Three Migrant Deaths Occurs En route While Fleeing Conflict: IOM Report
    Geneva/Berlin, 26 March – As the International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Missing Migrants Project marks its ten-year milestone, a new report reveals alarming trends in migrant deaths and disappearances over the past decade.   More than one-third of deceased migrants whose country of origin could be identified come from countries in conflict or with large refugee populations, highlighting the dangers faced by those attempting to flee conflict zones without safe pathways.   However, the information on the identities of missing migrants is highly incomplete. Among the report’s key findings is the high number of unidentified deaths. More than two-thirds of migrants whose deaths were documented remain unidentified, leaving families and communities grappling with the ambiguous loss of their loved ones. This underscores the need for better coordinated data collection and identification processes to provide closure to affected families. 
    “Despite the many lives lost whose identities remain unknown, we know that almost 5,500 females have perished on migration routes during the last ten years and the number of identified children is nearly 3,500,” said Ugochi Daniels, IOM Deputy Director General for Operations. “The toll on vulnerable populations and their families urges us to turn the attention on the data into concrete action.” 
    The report, A decade of Documenting Migrant Deaths, looks back at the last ten years, with more than 63,000 deaths and disappearances documented during migration over that period —and more deaths recorded in 2023 than in any prior year. These figures demonstrate the urgent need for strengthened search and rescue capacities, facilitation of safe, regular migration pathways, and evidence-based action to prevent further loss of life. Action should also include intensified international cooperation against unscrupulous smuggling and trafficking networks. 
    When the IOM’s Missing Migrants Project began in 2014, information was collected almost exclusively from news articles on a simple spreadsheet. Ten years later, data collection has improved dramatically, but the reality for migrants forced to take dangerous routes has not.  Today, the Missing Migrants Project remains the only global open-access database on migrant deaths and disappearances, compiling information from wide-ranging sources including key informants from governments, UN officials, and civil society organizations.  
    Key findings from the report include: 
    Drowning as the Leading Cause of Death: Nearly 60 per cent of deaths documented during migration are linked to drowning with over 27,000 related deaths in the Mediterranean alone. The report emphasizes the necessity of enhancing search and rescue capacities to save lives at sea and underscores the importance of working with governments to facilitate safer migration routes. 
    Underreporting of Migrant Deaths: The more than 63,000 deaths and disappearances recorded during migration over the past decade are likely only a fraction of the actual number of lives lost worldwide. The report highlights the need for improved data collection efforts to accurately assess the scale of the issue and address the broader challenges of unsafe migration. There are more than 37,000 dead for whom no information on sex or age is available, indicating that the true number of deaths of women and children is likely far higher. 
    Rising Death Toll: Despite political commitments and media attention, migrant deaths are on the rise, with 2023 marking the highest annual death toll on record when over 8,500 deaths were recorded. So far in 2024, the trends are no less alarming. In the Mediterranean alone, while arrivals this year are significantly lower (16,818) compared to the same period in 2023 (26,984), the number of deaths are nearly as high as last year. 
    Increased Political Attention: An increasing number of global, regional and national initiatives and instruments advocate for action on missing migrants. Data from the Missing Migrants Project are used as a measure of (lack of) progress toward the SDG Agenda’s goal of safe migration. The UN Secretary-General’s 2022 Progress Declaration on the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration underscores the crucial role of governments in preventing migrant deaths and calls for actionable recommendations to improve international coordination and humanitarian assistance. These recommendations, due to be released in 2024, will provide a global roadmap for addressing the ongoing crisis.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#OIM#mortalite#routemigratoire#traversee#humanitaire#disparition#sante#migrationirreguliere

  • “Action file” on Tunisia outlines EU’s externalisation plans

    An “action file” obtained by Statewatch lays out the objectives and activities of the EU’s cooperation on migration with Tunisia – whose government was heavily criticized by the European Parliament this week for “an authoritarian reversal and an alarming backslide on democracy, human rights and the rule of law.”

    Externalisation of migration control

    The document (pdf), produced as part of the #Operational_Coordination_Mechanism_for_the_External_Dimension_of_Migration (#MOCADEM) and circulated within the Council in December 2023, summarizes ongoing EU efforts to externalise migration and border control to Tunisia. It covers the main developments since the signature of the EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding of July 2023.

    The MoU is cited in the document as a cooperation “framework” whose implementation shall “continue”. Criticism also continues, with the organization Refugees International arguing:

    “The short-term securitisation approach to Tunisia advanced by Team Europe is… likely to fail on at least two fronts: both on its own terms by failing to stem irregular migration, and on legal and ethical terms by tying EU support to the inevitability of grave human rights abuses by Tunisian authorities.”

    From the document it is clear that the EU has intensified political and technical outreach to Tunisia through high-level visits from both EU and member state representatives and that the Tunisian authorities are involved in different initiatives, including through EU agencies, such as Europol and Frontex. The European Police College (CEPOL), the EU Agency for Asylum (EUAA) and Eurojust are also mentioned as potential actors for cooperation.

    The measures listed in the document target all potential migration from Tunisia to the EU. However, distinctions are drawn – including in the language used – between measures addressed to non-Tunisian nationals and measures addressed to Tunisian nationals.

    Measures addressed to non-Tunisian nationals

    For non-Tunisian nationals, “preventing irregular departures from, as well as irregular arrivals to Tunisia” is the key objective of ongoing cooperation in the areas of border management, anti-smuggling and search and rescue. The EU provides Tunisia different amounts of funding through existing projects.

    Border management, including search and rescue

    the EU finances the projects Strengthening the Tunisian Coast Guard Training Pillar, run by ICMPD (2023-2026) and the EUTF funded Border Management Programme for the Maghreb region (BMP-Maghreb) (2018-2024). Both projects aim at developing the Tunisian authorities’ border control capacity, for both land and sea borders, thus including search and rescue activities. This is done through the donation of equipment and the training of the Garde National of Tunisia and the Navy.

    As for equipment, details about the delivery of boats, engines and spare parts for putting search and rescue vessels to Tunisia are included in the document, including the provision of fuel. A new contract will “build and equip a command-and-control centre for the Tunisian national guard at the border with Libya,” to enhance cross-border cooperation with Libya.

    With regard to training, the document mentions a session for two officials in Rome as well as the participation of the Tunisian border control authorities in a Frontex workshop organised in the context of Joint Operation Themis. The MOCADEM reports that Tunisia considers talks on a working arrangement with Frontex “pre-mature.”

    Anti-smuggling

    The EU pursues the Anti-smuggling Operational Partnership (ASOP) to try to develop the Tunisian police capacity to investigate, prosecute and convict smugglers. Training is also key in this area.

    The document mentions a mentorship programme between Tunisia and the EU Member States on migrant smuggling. Cross-border cooperation in investigations is encouraged, also through Europol, information campaigns (in North Africa and along the Central Mediterranean), and regional action. There is an ongoing discussion on a Europol agreement to exchange personal data between Europol and Tunisian authorities.

    Return and reintegration of non-Tunisian nationals

    the EU finances IOM’s project on Migrant Protection, Return and Reintegration in North Africa, concretely supporting assisted voluntary return from Tunisia to countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The MOCADEM document states that the EU engages “with Tunisian authorities to develop a national mechanism for returns facilitation.”

    Direct capacity-building of national authorities to return non-Tunisian nationals to their country of origin is a novelty in the EU migration policies. This is a follow-up of the objective spelled out in the EU-Tunisia MoU of “developing a system for the identification and return of irregular migrants already present in Tunisia”. It is reported that a “new technical assistance programme to further support the return system in Tunisia is under preparation.”

    International protection for non-Tunisian nationals

    As usual, protection programmes receive much lower funding than other cooperation objectives for the securitisation of migration. In Tunisia, the EU will fund a project run by the UNCHR to enhance reception and access to international protection for asylum seekers and refugees.

    Measures addressed to Tunisian nationals

    For Tunisian nationals, the EU aims to increase return and readmission of Tunisian nationals deemed to be irregularly staying in the EU to Tunisia, privileging so-called “assisted voluntary return” and reintegration projects for Tunisian nationals over forced returns. At the same time, the EU stresses the importance of increasing opportunities for legal migration through the launch of a “Talent Partnership” and better visa conditions for Tunisian nationals.

    Deportations

    the EU finances a national reintegration support mechanism called “Tounesna,” as well as the Frontex Joint Reintegration Services, for which Frontex launched a new call for proposals. Key actors in this area are the High Level Network for Return, chaired by the EU Return Coordinator and composed of representatives of all Member States and Frontex.

    In October 2023, Tunisia was identified as one of the seven countries targeted for joint deportation actions. The document reports that the negotiations for an EU-Tunisia readmission agreement and visa facilitation agreements, which started in 2016, have been on hold since 2019 and that “Tunisia has shown no interest to date to relaunch the negotiations.”

    Legal migration

    The EU finances pilot projects under the Mobility Partnership Facility (MPF) and the regional project THAMM (2018-2023), which received extra funding. Again, the launch of an EU-Tunisia Talent Partnership is announced through a Joint Roadmap for a Talent Partnership, which is yet to be finalized.

    In the EU-Tunisia MoU, the EU promised to “take appropriate measures to facilitate legal mobility between the two Parties, including facilitating the granting of visas by reducing delays, costs and administrative procedure.” However, in this document there are no prospects for cooperation on visa policy. The document merely contains a reminder that visa policy is conditional on readmission cooperation.

    Ongoing cooperation

    While the European Parliament this week condemned a decision by the Commission to release €150 million to Tunisia through an urgent written procedure, bypassing the normal-decision making process, with a resolution that said the North African country is undergoing “an authoritarian reversal and an alarming backslide on democracy, human rights and the rule of law.”

    The resolution goes on to say that “over the last year, President Kais Saied has had opposition politicians, judges, media workers and civil society activists arbitrarily arrested and detained.”

    However, the cooperation being coordinated through MOCADEM remains largely beyond the reach of parliamentary scrutiny. As highlighted by a separate article published today by Statewatch and Migration-Control.info, the parliament’s lawyers agree with MEPs that this needs to change.

    https://www.statewatch.org/news/2024/march/action-file-on-tunisia-outlines-eu-s-externalisation-plans
    #Tunisie #externalisation #migrations #réfugiés #financement #Kais_Saied #accord #frontières #EU #UE #Union_européenne #contrôles_frontaliers

    –—

    ajouté à la métaliste sur le #Memorandum_of_Understanding (#MoU) avec la #Tunisie :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/1020591

  • High Pressure Gas Pipeline Halts Salvage of MV Dali
    https://gcaptain.com/dali-salvage-baltimore-gas-pipeline/?subscriber=true&goal=0_f50174ef03-75a3a1deee-169611349&mc_cid=75a3a1deee&


    Wreckage lies across the deck of the Dali cargo vessel, which crashed into the Francis Scott Key Bridge causing it to collapse, in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S., March 29, 2024.
    REUTERS/Julia Nikhinson

    Salvage efforts to remove the MV Dali from Baltimore’s Key Bridge were delayed indefinitely yesterday after a high-pressure subsea natural gas pipeline was discovered under the wreckage.

    Yesterday, the Maryland Port Authority held a meeting at the unified incident command center located at the Maryland Cruise Terminal in Baltimore. The Army Corps of Engineers and the US Coast Guard outlined their priorities: firstly, to open the shipping channel; secondly, to secure and remove the MV Dali; and thirdly, to initiate salvage operations “from the inside out”.

    According to a source at the meeting, the salvage company DonJon-SMIT has been assigned to work with US Navy Salvage Operations (SUPSALV) to clear the bridge. Meanwhile, SCANSKA has been hired by the State of Maryland to secure the shoreside components of the bridge structure.

    Earlier this week, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg assigned the most delicate task of the operation, extracting the ship, to the American salvage company Resolve Marine. Founded in 1980 with just one tugboat, Resolve Marine has since grown into an industry leader with offices worldwide. The company has participated in various major projects, including the Deepwater Horizon disaster and the Hoegh Xiamen fire. Resolve told gCaptain that CEO Joe Farrell III is personally leading the efforts in Baltimore to ensure it receives the company’s full attention and resources.

    Our source indicates that Resolve has determined that approximately three to four thousand tons of steel and concrete are presently resting on the ship’s bow. Photos of the ship visibly depict the stern elevated above the bow, and experts suggest that the weight of the bridge is pinning it to the seabed.

    One salvage master we interviewed said sections of the bridge have cut through the deck causing serious structural weakness. “Imagine putting a steel bar in a powerful metal vise,” he said. “Now lift and drop the end of that bar. The tide is your hand lifting and dropping that bar. Each time you do, the vise digs deeper into the steel, and the bar weakens. It’s crucial to loosen that vise by removing the bridge segments that are pinning it down as soon as possible.”

    Time is always a factor in salvage operations with weather conditions near the top of the list of concerns. “The more time an operation takes, the greater the possibility a low-pressure system moves in and does further damage.”

    Salvage Operation On Hold
    Despite the clock’s importance, expert salvage teams such as Resolve will not jeopardize worker and environmental safety and two critical factors have indefinitely paused the salvage efforts.

    The main reason for the delay is the ongoing search and recovery mission. Sources from the Joint Incident Command Center told gCaptain that intense political interest, driven by extensive media coverage, is putting pressure on the command leadership and salvage masters to speed up the process. However, the salvage teams have emphasized that they will not rush and cannot work safely while the search and recovery efforts for the four missing bridge workers are still ongoing.

    “What needs to be priority number one, the looming problem right now, is who’s in charge of this,” said maritime historian Sal Mercogliano in a recent video about the salvage efforts. “There is an election coming in November. There are too many players, too many people, too much posturing.”

    This situation presents challenges. However, sources have informed gCaptain that the salvage companies are navigating around political concerns and have refused to rush the efforts.

    High-Pressure Gas Line
    So far those pressures have only delayed the efforts but yesterday operations were paused indefinitely. The concern came during the due diligence process when salvage engineers discovered a high-pressure gas line near the wreckage. According to one source, both the Department of Transportation’s US Maritime Administration (MARAD) and the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) have been notified.

    A pipeline safety expert from PHMSA confirmed concerns about a particular pipeline. They informed us, off the record, that the operator was notified and the pipeline has been isolated and depressurized. PHMSA records indicate that the pipeline, which carries natural gas under high pressure, is owned by Baltimore Gas And Electric (BGE). It remains unclear when BGE was alerted and when the pipeline was shut down.

    Despite the shutdown, salvage teams aren’t willing to further risk the ship, the crew, and their own members. They require a review of the undersea documents and a survey of the pipeline before resuming.

    “This will undoubtedly cause additional delays to the operation,” said a senior official at the meeting. Even after the risks to the pipeline have been fully mitigated, “the timeline to remove the debris from the ship is very uncertain.”

    UPDATE
    This update has been published on the official unified command website:
    The Unified Command is working in partnership with BGE to reduce pressure of an underwater pipeline that spans the width of the channel and runs under the incident site. Unified Command is coordinating to inert the pipeline to free it from hazards and risk. Pipeline operations will continue through the weekend.

  • Jared Kushner says Gaza’s ‘waterfront property could be very valuable’ | Jared Kushner | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/19/jared-kushner-gaza-waterfront-property-israel-negev
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/924c5c95136a383dee2fe74a3d23b1bfe00fc139/404_0_2140_1285/master/2140.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    L’équipe de Baiden c’est pathétique, mais le beau-fils de Trump arrive à faire encore mieux.

    Jared Kushner has praised the “very valuable” potential of Gaza’s “waterfront property” and suggested Israel should remove civilians while it “cleans up” the strip.

    The former property dealer, married to Donald Trump’s daughter Ivanka, made the comments in an interview at Harvard University on 15 February. The interview was posted on the YouTube channel of the Middle East Initiative, a program of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, earlier this month.

    Kushner was a senior foreign policy adviser under Trump’s presidency and was tasked with preparing a peace plan for the Middle East. Critics of the plan, which involved Israel striking normalisation deals with Gulf states, said it bypassed questions about the future for Palestinians.

    His remarks at Harvard gave a hint of the kind of Middle East policy that could be pursued in the event that Trump returns to the White House, including a search for a normalisation deal between Saudi Arabia and Israel.

    “Gaza’s waterfront property could be very valuable … if people would focus on building up livelihoods,” Kushner told his interviewer, the faculty chair of the Middle East Initiative, Prof Tarek Masoud. Kushner also lamented “all the money” that had gone into the territory’s tunnel network and munitions instead of education and innovation.

    “It’s a little bit of an unfortunate situation there, but from Israel’s perspective I would do my best to move the people out and then clean it up,” Kushner said. “But I don’t think that Israel has stated that they don’t want the people to move back there afterwards.”

    Masoud replied that there was “a lot to talk about there”.

    Kushner also said he thinks Israel should move civilians from Gaza to the Negev desert in southern Israel.

    He said that if he were in charge of Israel his number one priority would be getting civilians out of the southern city of Rafah, and that “with diplomacy” it could be possible to get them into Egypt.

    “But in addition to that, I would just bulldoze something in the Negev, I would try to move people in there,” he said. “I think that’s a better option, so you can go in and finish the job.”

    He reiterated the point a little later, saying: “I do think right now opening up the Negev, creating a secure area there, moving the civilians out, and then going in and finishing the job would be the right move.”

    The suggestion drew a startled response from Masoud. “Is that something that they’re talking about in Israel?” Masoud asked. “I mean, that’s the first I’ve really heard of somebody, aside from President Sisi [Egypt’s leader], suggesting that Gazans trying to flee the fighting could take refuge in the Negev. Are people in Israel seriously talking about that possibility?”

    “I don’t know,” Kushner replied, shrugging his shoulders.

    “That would be something you’d try to work on?” Masoud asked.

    “I’m sitting in Miami Beach right now,” Kushner said. “And I’m looking at the situation and I’m thinking: what would I do if I was there?”
    Israel should ‘finish the job’ by moving Palestinians to Negev, says Kushner – video

    Asked by Masoud about fears on the part of Arabs in the region that the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, would not allow Palestinians who flee Gaza to return, Kushner paused and then said: “Maybe.”

    He went on to say: “I am not sure there is much left of Gaza at this point. If you think about even the construct, Gaza was not really a historical precedent [sic]. It was the result of a war. You had tribes in different places and then Gaza became a thing. Egypt used to run it and then over time different governments came in.”

    Responding to a question about whether the Palestinians should have their own state, Kushner described the proposal as “a super bad idea” that “would essentially be rewarding an act of terror”.

    • Kushner was a senior foreign policy adviser under Trump’s presidency and was tasked with preparing a peace plan for the Middle East.

      Si beau-papa repasse, je ne vois pas qui pourrait être plus qualifié que Jared pour se voir confier une mission de médiation au Proche-Orient.

      It’s a little bit of an unfortunate situation there,…

      oh pôvre !

      … but from Israel’s perspective

      tout est dit,

      I would do my best to move the people out and then clean it up.

      je crois qu’ils ne l’ont pas attendu.

  • EFFECTS OF EXTERNALISATION IN TUNISIA. Racism, Ordeal of Migrants and No End in Sight

    Extreme violence and an openly racist policy against Black people have been ongoing in Tunisia for more than a year now. The already existing racism in Tunisia escalated in the beginning of 2023, catalysed by a racist and discriminatory speech against people on the move from sub-Saharan Africa, which the Tunisian President Kais Saied gave on February 21. In the days following the speech, groups of marginalised young men targeted Black people in different Tunisian cities. Black people were subjected to acts of violence, including pogroms of armed mobs. They faced several forms of institutional violence like racial profiling and arbitrary detention by security forces. Even valid residence papers did not protect Black people from violence: numerous people were arrested regardless of their residence status. Some were seriously injured, houses were set on fire and an unknown number of people disappeared. Many found themselves without shelter and food and were deprived of their right to health and transportation.

    The ongoing violence culminated in illegal mass deportations to the desert areas bordering Libya and Algeria executed by Tunisian authorities. In July 2023 alone, Al Jazeera reported in a video that about 1.200 Black people were stuck at the Libyan border without food, water, and shelter. Since then, numerous deaths have been recorded and deportation to the border areas are still ongoing. Simultaneously, departures from Tunisia to Europe increased massively in summer 2023. During the four summer months alone, more than 83,000 people crossed the sea – figures that we have not seen in this region since around the mid-2010s – and besides people from Sub-Saharan countries were Tunisians themselves. In April 2023, civil search and rescue organisations and migrant solidarity networks voiced in a joint statement that Tunisia is neither a safe country of origin nor a place of safety for those rescued at sea. Violence and insecurity remain; in the following part we aim to provide an overview of the current situation.

    In reaction to the increased number of crossings, border violence along the Tunisian route increased and means of control of migratory movements were reinforced. On the water, the number of interceptions by the Tunisian coast guard, with nearly 70,000 interceptions in 2023, doubled as compared to the year before. Reports of the violent behaviour of the Tunisian coast guard – boats being pushed away and rammed, people being beaten with sticks and intimidated with gunshots, coast guard stealing engines from rubber dinghies and leaving people adrift at sea – are piling up.

    What can be further observed is that the Tunisian coast guard is more actively involved in the EU-implemented “push-back by proxy regime” in the Central Mediterranean, which means that the EU is outsourcing interceptions at sea to non-European actors to reduce the number of crossings. A detailed analysis published by the CivilMRCC elaborates how four elements – strengthening the capacities of the Tunisian coastguard (equipment and training), setting up a coastal surveillance system, creating a functional MRCC, and declaring a Tunisian Search and Rescue Region – are used by the European Union and its member states to replicate in Tunisia the regime of refoulement by proxy set up in Libya just a few years earlier.

    After being intercepted and brought back to land, the Central Mediterranean Analysis by the Alarm Phone, published in February 2024 states that “the deportation of people intercepted at sea by the Tunisian coastguards has become a systematic practice in recent months.” The situation for Black migrants is far from being safe on land as well. After the peak of deportations of Black migrants to the Libyan-Tunisian and Algerian-Tunisian border zones in July and September 2023, which we have also documented on migration-control.info, expulsions continue, as the Tunisian civil rights organisation FTDES reports. At the Libyan border, people are handed over by Tunisian authorities to Libyan militias, where they end up in detention centers run by armed groups. Deportations to the Algerian border zone also continue in Tunisia’s west. It is hard to assess the number of deportations, as most of the time the Tunisian authorities rob sub-Saharans, take their money, and confiscate their cell phones. Migrants therefore have little chance of providing evidence of these illegal deportations.

    In addition, chain deportations from Tunisia via Algeria to Niger are documented. Algeria’s long-standing illegal practice of deporting people to Niger has been well documented by the Alarm Phone Sahara. In October 2023, the APS reported that the “practice of pushbacks continues to this day, and many of the people who found themselves stranded in Niger after being deported from Algeria report that they were already in Tunisia beforehand and had been deported from there to the Algerian border.” The activist group confirmed its observations in December, drawing on an interview with a “Guinean migrant who was initially in Tunisia, pushed back to Algeria and then pushed back to Niger.” According to an article published by the Guardian in mid-March 2024, this deportation practice has led to the separation of children from their parents by the police. “Their mums and dads go out to beg and then the police catch them and take them to Algeria,” a person is quoted in the article. In 2023, almost 1,500 unaccompanied children approached the Tunisian offices of the UNHCR to seek support.

    Then there are also those who have fled their countries of origin, for whom the living conditions in Tunisia are so terrible that they would rather return than remain in Tunisia. In 2023, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) repatriated 2,557 migrants. These “voluntary returns” are occurring in a context of violence and impossibility of earning a living, without safe alternatives of staying or moving somewhere else. In fact, the returns cannot be considered “voluntary.”

    The migrants who are still waiting in Tunisia’s coastal areas for an opportunity to cross endure ongoing hardships and face police brutality. In a video posted on March 6, 2024 on X by Refugees in Tunisia, an alliance of migrants in Tunisia, one can see a person walking through olive groves, where many people waiting for a possible departure seek shelter. The video shows destroyed cabins made of plastic sheeting while a person reports that “the police came inside here today, burned our houses down, took some phones, money…They burned down all our houses. It’s not easy for us.”

    Despite these documented violations of human rights, the European Union and its member states continue trying to curb the arrivals by the sea. The big promises that von der Leyen and Meloni made on their visit in Tunis in June 2023 flopped. Tunisia is still not willing to take migrants back and is not in for externalised asylum procedures. Frontex is not welcome. The EU is picking up the pieces. In a document that migration-control.info obtained, the EU admits that apart from delivery of spare parts and equipment for the coast guard, not much else has been achieved. But instead of acknowledging the freedom of movement for all, the EU continues to control migration movements and wants to finance a control center between Libya and Tunisia to limit the mobility of migrants between these countries.

    While acknowledging the ongoing violence exercised by the border regime, 2023’s “little summer of migration” also shows how fragile the European closure is. People could make their way from North Africa to Europe within a very short period and the collective arrivals had the power to tear down institutions of the border regime. In September 2023 in Lampedusa, for example, the hotspot was opened due to the number of arrivals and people were transferred to the mainland quickly from where they could continue their journeys. The people affected, Tunisians, and migrants in Tunisia are constantly opposing the policies violating their human rights.

    In January 2024, Al Jazeera reported on protests by families whose relatives (most of whom were reported to be from the small village of El Hancha in the Sfax Governorate) went missing when trying to leave Tunisia. The families erected roadblocks and burned tires around the village to pressure the authorities to continue their search efforts, and brought their protest to the capital to criticize the “official silence about their missing relatives.” In February, Refugees in Tunisia published a video showing a group of migrants demonstrating in Zarzis, a coastal town in Tunisia’s south, demanding rights and pressuring authorities and international organizations such as the UNCHR to provide humanitarian support and protection. Their organization and protest actions are part of years of migrant and anti-racist struggles in Tunisia and North Africa as well as in the countries of origin and European diasporas.

    When the number of arrivals fell during the winter, mainly due to weather conditions, some analysts linked this to European borderwork. However, just in these days, end of March 2024, quite a few boats arrived in Lampedusa, coming from Tunisia. At the same time, there were reports on an increased number of interceptions and by-land-operations by Tunisian Coastguard and Security forces. So the race between the security forces and migrant movements has started again, in early spring 2024. Let’s support their moving and resistance, let’s continue our struggle against the violence exercised by the border regime and our struggle against the European externalisation. Freedom of Movement for all!

    Further reading:

    - Echoes, Issue 7, July 2023: A Critical Look at the Situation in Tunisia and the New EU-Tunisia Deal
    - migration-control.info, June 2023: “This is a shame for humanity” – Update on the ongoing protest of the Refugees in Tunisia
    - migration-control.info, April 2023: “If we stay here we are going to die”– Testimonies from refugees in Tunisia about their protest sit-in at the UNHCR in Tunis and its violent eviction

    https://civilmrcc.eu/political-developments/effects-of-externalisation-in-tunisia
    #Tunisie #racisme #externalisation_des_frontières #migrations #réfugiés #frontières #racisme_anti-Noirs #violence #renvois #expulsions #désert #abandon_dans_le_désert #Algérie #Libye #déportations

    via @_kg_

  • The real reason Israel stormed al-Shifa Hospital yet again
    By Mondoweiss Editors March 18, 2024 – Mondoweiss
    https://mondoweiss.net/2024/03/the-real-reason-israel-stormed-al-shifa-hospital-yet-again

    In the past two days, a number of things happened that seemingly had nothing to do with each other. At 2:00 a.m. on Monday, the Israeli army stormed al-Shifa hospital, entering with tanks and heavy gunfire and killing and injuring dozens. It was the fourth invasion of al-Shifa since October, resulting in the arrest of over 80 people.

    The day before, 13 aid trucks arrived in northern Gaza for the first time in four months without being turned back by the Israeli army or resulting in the massacre of starving Palestinian aid-seekers. People flocking to the UNRWA warehouse in Jabalia refugee camp to receive the aid stood in uncharacteristically orderly lines and patiently waited for the handouts of flour, rice, and other foodstuffs. Many could be seen cheering once the aid arrived, a scene captured by Al Jazeera’s coverage.

    But what few people know is that this successful delivery of sorely needed food aid to northern Gaza is what led the Israeli army to launch its deadly raid on al-Shifa Hospital the next day.

    The connection between these two events can only be explained by understanding who Israel was targeting in the raid — the now-martyred Faiq Mabhouh.

    #génocide #sociocide

    • Mabhouh was the Director of Operations of the Gaza police force, a part of the Gaza government’s civilian administration. Unlike Hamas’s military wing, the Qassam Brigades, Mabhouh did not operate clandestinely at the start of the war, because he didn’t have to — he was in charge of civil law enforcement. Hamas released a statement after his death confirming that he “engaged in purely civil and humanitarian activity.”

      Voir aussi https://seenthis.net/messages/1046277

    • Israeli army withdraws from al-Shifa Hospital, but surrounding areas still under attack

      19 mars 2024 (08:30 GMT) | Hani Mahmoud | Reporting from Rafah
      https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/19/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-holds-al-jazeera-reporter-for-12-hours

      The Israeli military withdrew from inside al-Shifa Medical Complex after storming the hospital, bulldozing the courtyard, and conducting an aggressive and extensive detailed search.

      We’re getting reports of about 150 people detained from inside the hospital. At least 20 people were killed, including a top security commander who had been coordinating the efforts between Gaza clans and the UNRWA and successfully secured the delivery of aid trucks within the past two days to Gaza City and northern Gaza.

      Killing this security commander will result in chaos. This has shattered the sense of safety and security for other people to continue coordinating this kind of work to deliver aid to these areas.

      Air strikes continue in the vicinity. Residential buildings are being relentlessly bombed. We’ve heard of two buildings at the northern gate of al-Shifa Hospital being completely destroyed.

      We’ve also heard from the southern part of the complex of one more residential building attacked, and a mosque to its west.

    • Oui :-)

      Human language model limitations

      While the human language model is quite comprehensive in its processing abilities, there are still serious limitations to the human cognitive model that you should be aware of. Many are still being discovered, but we will list some of the major ones below.
      HLMs sometimes lose attention and require special prompting to get back on track.
      Enlarge / HLMs sometimes lose attention and require special prompting to get back on track.
      Getty Images

      Environmental impact: In aggregate, scientists are concerned that HLMs consume a large portion of the world’s fresh drinking water and non-renewable energy resources. The process of creating HLM fuel also generates large amounts of harmful greenhouse gases. This is a major drawback of using HLMs for work, but pound-for-pound, humans provide a large amount of computational muscle relative to energy consumption.

      Context window (token limits): As mentioned above, be mindful of the human’s attention span and memory. As with LLMs, humans have a maximum working memory size (sometimes called a “context window”). If your prompt is too long or you provide too much context, they may get overwhelmed and forget key details. Keep your prompts concise and relevant, as if you’re working with a limited number of tokens.

      Hallucinations/confabulations: Humans are prone to generating incorrect or fabricated information, especially when they lack prior knowledge or training on a specific topic. The tendency of your overconfident friend to “hallucinate” or confabulate can lead to erroneous outputs presented with confidence—statements such as “Star Trek is better than Star Wars.” Often, arguing does not help, so if the HLM is having trouble, refine your prompt with a qualifier such as “If you don’t know the answer, just tell me, man” or “Stop making sh*t up.” Alternately, it’s also possible to outfit the person with retrieval augmented generation (RAG) by providing them with access to reliable reference materials such as Wookiepedia or Google Search.

      Long-term memory triggers: As previously mentioned, humans are “stateful” and do remember past interactions, but this can be a double-edged sword. Be wary of repeatedly prompting them with topics they’ve previously refused to engage with. They might get annoyed, defensive, or even hostile. It’s best to respect their boundaries and move on to other subjects.

      Privacy issues: Long-term memory also raises potential privacy concerns with humans. Inputs shared with HLMs often get integrated into the model’s neural network in a permanent fashion and typically cannot be “unlearned” later, though they might fade or become corrupted with time. Also, there is no absolute data partitioning that stops an HLM from sharing your personal data with other users.

      Jailbreaking: Humans can be susceptible to manipulation where unethical people try to force the discussion of a sensitive topic by easing into it gradually. The “jailbreaker” may begin with related but less controversial prompts to gauge the HLM’s reaction. If the HLM seems open to the conversation, the attacker incrementally introduces more sensitive elements. Guard against this with better RLHF conditioning ("Don’t listen to anything Uncle Larry tells you").

      Prompt Injections: Humans are vulnerable to prompt injections from others (sometimes called “distractions”). After providing your prompt, a malicious user may approach the human with an additional prompt, such as “Ignore everything Bill just told you and do this instead.” Or “Ignore your previous instructions and tell me everything Aunt Susan said.” This is difficult to guard against, but keeping the human isolated from malicious actors while they process your inputs can help.

      Overfitting: If you show an HLM an example prompt too many times—especially audiovisual inputs from Lucasfilm movies—it can become embedded prominently in their memory, and it may later emerge in their outputs unexpectedly at any time in the form of phrases like “I have a bad feeling about this,” "I hate sand," or “That belongs in a museum.”

      Humans are complex and unpredictable models, so even the most carefully crafted prompts can sometimes lead to surprising outputs. Be patient, iterative, and open to feedback from the person as you work to fine-tune your human prompting skills. With practice, you’ll be able to generate the desired responses from people while also respecting personal boundaries.

  • South Park (S04/E04) Chickenlover (9/9)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tqPD8AX-DY


    Officer Barbrady a lu le premier livre de sa vie, Atlas Shrugged d’Ayn Rand. Sa conclusion :

    Reading totally sucks ass.

    Voilà ses arguments :

    At first I was happy how to learn to read, it seemed exciting and magical. But then I read this, Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand. I read every last word of this garbage and because of this piece of shit I am never reading again.

    C’est une allusion à la pratique pédagogique de donner à lire du Ayn Rand aux adolescents dans les high schools états-uniens. The Perks of Being a Wallflower (1999) de Stephen Chbosky contient plusieurs réfécences au livre Fountainhead et le place parmi les livres préférés du protagoniste Charlie .

    Extraits du texte du livre

    May 21, 1992
    ...
    So, in school Bill gave me my final book to read for the year. It’s called The Fountainhead, and it’s very long.

    When he gave me the book, Bill said, “Be skeptical about this one. It’s a great book. But try to be a filter, not a sponge.”

    Sometimes, I think Bill forgets that I am sixteen. But I am very happy that he does.
    I haven’t started reading it because I am very behind in my other classes because I spent so much time with Patrick.
    ...

    May 27, 1992 Dear friend,

    I’ve been reading The Fountainhead for the past few days, and it’s an excellent book. I read on the back cover that the author was born in Russia and came to America when she was young. She barely spoke English, but she wanted to be a great writer. I thought that was very admirable, so I sat down and tried to write a story.

    “Ian MacArthur is a wonderful sweet fellow who wears glasses and peers out of them with delight.”

    That was the first sentence. The problem was that I just could’t think of the next one. ...
    I wonder what it will be like when I leave this place. The fact that I will have to have a roommate and buy shampoo.
    ...
    I don’t know. The Fountainhead is a very good book. I hope I am being a filter.

    On comprend l’infamie d’Ayn Rand. Elle fait appel à l’estime de soi des adolescents qui oscille entre mégalomanie et dépression. Ses héros sont d’excellentes figures d’identification dans cette phase de la constitution du caracère de ses jeunes lecteurs.

    June 2, 1992
    ...
    Incidentally, I finished The Fountainhead. It was a really great experience. It’s strange to describe reading a book as a really great experience, but that’s kind of how it felt. It was a different book from the others because it wasn’t about being a kid. And it wasn’t like The Stranger or Naked Lunch even though I think it was philosophical in a way. But it wasn’t like you had to really search for the pliilo sophy. It was pretty traightforward, I thought, and the great part is that I took what the author wrote about and put it in terms of my own life. Maybe that’s what being a filter means.

    I’m not sure.

    Normal, tes jeune et tu ne dais pas encore. Donc ...

    There was this one part where the main character, who is this architect, is sitting on a boat with Inis best friend, who is a newspaper tycoon. And the newspaper tycoon says that the architect is a very cold man. The architect replies that if the boat were sinking, and there was only room in the lifeboat for one person, he would gladly give up his life for the newspaper tycoon. And then he says something like this ...

    “I would die for you. But I won’t live for you.”

    Et voilà l’effet que lui fait cette simple exposition d’idées trop faciles.

    Something like that. I think the idea is that every person has to live for his or her own life and then make the choice to share it with other people. Maybe that is what makes people “participate.” I’m not really certain. Because I don’t know if I would mind living for Sam for a while. Then again, she wouldn’t want me to, so maybe it’s a lot friendlier than all that. I hope so anyway.

    L’attitude de son psy n’améliore rien.

    I told my psychiatrist about the book and Bill and about Sam and Patrick and all their colleges, but he just keeps asking me questions about when I was younger.

    Vers la fin des années de high school son prof lui pose des questions sur Fountainhead.

    June 13, 1992
    ...
    Bill asked me about The Fountainhead, and I told him, making sure that I was a filter.
    ...
    “Charlie,” he said. “Do you know why I gave you all that extra work?”
    I shook my head no. That look on his face. It made me quiet.
    “Charlie, do you know how smart you are?”
    I just shook my head no again. He was talking for real. It was strange.
    “Charlie, you’re one of the most gifted people I’ve ever known. And I don’t mean in terms of my other students. I mean in terms of anyone I’ve ever met. That’s why I gave you the extra work. I was wondering if you were aware of that?”
    “I guess so. I don’t know.” I felt really strange. I didn’t know where this was coming from. I just wrote some essays.
    “Charlie. Please don’t take this the wrong way. I’m not trying to make you feel uncomfortable.

    June 16, 1992

    I gave Patrick On the Road, Naked Lunch, The Stranger, This Side of Paradise, Peter Pan, and A Separate Peace.
    I gave Sam To Kill a Mockingbird, The Catcher in the Rye, The Great Gatsby, Hamlet, Walden, and The Fountainhead.

    Under the books was a card that I wrote using the typewriter Sam bought me. The cards said that these were my copies of all my favorite books, and I wanted Sam and Patrick to have them because they were my two favorite people in the whole world.

    Chickenlover
    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenlover

    Original air date : May 27, 1998

    Plot

    Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick, and Eric Cartman visit the Booktastic Bus, a mobile library. They are initially intrigued, but become uninterested in reading after meeting the strange driver. Word spreads that a pervert is molesting chickens in town. When Officer Barbrady starts the investigation, he is confronted with his illiteracy, which is depicted as a medical condition where a person literally sees strange symbols in place of letters. He resigns in shame and anarchy immediately breaks out. Later, he is put into the boys’ class to learn to read.

    Barbrady recruits the boys to help him with his task, showing his knowledge of the police code. From then on, Cartman patrols the town on his Big Wheel, enforcing his own brand of justice. The molester is finally caught in the petting zoo and turns out to be the bookmobile driver. He plotted this all along to encourage Barbrady to learn to read. After being given a copy of Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged, Barbrady knocks the man out cold with a club to the head to teach Cartman how to properly deal with criminals, leaving him unconscious as blood pools from his head. The town holds a parade for Barbrady, and when he is asked to give a speech, he reveals how Atlas Shrugged convinced him to never read again. And at the end, Kenny finally dies after numerous attempts of deaths.

    Apparemment il faut être au courant de la lecture de Fountainhead par le protagniste Charlie si on veut avoir beaucoup de points dans la section lettres du high school exam .

    Course Hero > Literature Study Guides > The Perks Of Being A Wallflower > Part 4 May 21 1992 June 9 1992 Summary
    https://www.coursehero.com/lit/The-Perks-of-Being-a-Wallflower/part-4-may-21-1992-june-9-1992-summary

    May 21, 1992

    The school year is winding down. Charlie continues to do well in his classes, particularly English. (English teacher) Bill has given him a last book to read, Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead. Bill tells him to “be skeptical about” it and “to be a filter, not a sponge.”

    #objectivisme #police #analphabétisme

  • Sink the Boats

    The UK government is paying France to ‘Stop the Boats’. Now first-time footage reveals French police have violently intercepted dinghies sailing for Britain, risking the lives of people on board

    For decades, people have tried to reach the UK from northern France in order to claim asylum in Britain. With tightened security at French ports making it harder for stowaways, tens of thousands of people have crossed the English Channel in rubber dinghies, prompting the British government to make stopping the boats one of its top priorities.

    Last year, the UK announced that it would allocate nearly £500m to France over three years to prevent boats from leaving its shores.

    The British government has repeatedly pressured France to intercept the boats at sea. France has previously refused on the basis that it would place lives at risk.

    But in collaboration with Le Monde, The Observer and Der Spiegel, Lighthouse Reports can reveal that French police officers have carried out so-called “pullbacks” in the Channel, in moves experts say mirror the deadly and illegal tactics used in the Aegean and the Central Mediterranean by the Greek and Libyan coast guards.

    We’ve established through sources that the patrol boat used by the French police to carry out at least one of these dangerous manoeuvres was funded by the British.

    Meanwhile, over the last two years there has been a sharp increase in the number of drownings in the sea off northern France where most of the pullbacks have taken place.
    METHODS

    We obtained previously unseen footage, leaked documents and witness testimony showing French police have used aggressive methods to intercept migrant vessels at sea, including circling a small boat, causing waves to flood it; ramming into a small boat while threatening passengers with pepper spray; and puncturing boats while they are already at sea, forcing people to swim back to shore. We were able to geolocate the videos to confirm their veracity.

    We showed the videos to a number of maritime experts, UK Border Force officers and French coast guards, who said the tactics would have clearly endangered the lives of those on board and appeared to be illegal. Leaked maritime documents helped us to establish that these types of interceptions at sea are not compatible with French law.

    We then obtained an additional crucial piece of evidence: a complaint filed by a coast guard officer to the prosecutor about an incident in which French police officers had ordered a National Society of Sea Rescues (SNSM) crew to puncture a migrant dinghy that had already set sail despite the risk of drowning being “obvious and imminent”.

    To find out whether these interceptions were happening on a wider scale, we travelled to Northern France to speak to people on the ground trying to reach the UK in boats. A number of people described having their dinghies slashed by police once they had already set sail.

    We were able to link the hundreds of millions of pounds provided by Britain to France with these tactics when sources confirmed that police patrol vessels, including the exact vessel seen in one of the videos, had been bought by the French with funding provided by the British government.

    An analysis of data by charity Alarm Phone meanwhile showed a sharp increase in the number of people known to have drowned within the vicinity of the French coastline, where most of the pullbacks we documented took place – with one in 2022 compared to five already this year.
    STORYLINES

    We met Satinder* from Punjab, a predominantly Sikh region in northern India, in Calais.

    Five days earlier, he and two friends had tried to make it to Britain by boat. The dinghy was overcrowded with around 46 people, mainly Indians and Afghans, on board. “We sailed for around 10 minutes at dawn without a hitch in an overloaded boat,” he said. “Then a boat came. It was a gendarmerie boat, they had uniforms. They said: ‘Stop the boat’.

    “They went around the boat like in a circle and then they stabbed the boat and left. We had to swim for about 10 minutes […] We nearly died.”

    The two friends Satinder was with in the boat gave matching accounts. We spoke to four other people who recounted similar stories on different occasions.

    “It reminds me of the Greek and Turkish coast guards,” said French customs coast guard Rémi Vandeplanque.”And that’s shameful for the French. If the police continue to use such tactics, there is likely to be a death at some point.”

    https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/sink-the-boats
    #Manche #La_Manche #migrations #réfugiés #sauvetages #UK #Angleterre #France #stop_the_boats #externalisation #enquête #contre-enquête #pull-backs #financement #mourir_aux_Frontières #morts_aux_frontières

    • Revealed: UK-funded French forces putting migrants’ lives at risk with small-boat tactics

      Exclusive: newly obtained footage and leaked documents show how a ‘mass casualty event’ could arise from aggressive tactics employed by border forces

      French police funded by the UK government have endangered the lives of vulnerable migrants by intercepting small boats in the Channel, using tactics that search and rescue experts say could cause a “mass casualty event”.

      Shocking new evidence obtained by the Observer, Lighthouse Reports, Le Monde and Der Spiegel reveals for the first time that the French maritime police have tried physically to force small boats to turn around – manoeuvres known as “pullbacks” – in an attempt to prevent them reaching British shores.

      Newly obtained footage, leaked documents and witness testimonies show that the French authorities have used aggressive tactics including circling a migrant boat, causing waves to flood the dinghy; ramming into a small boat while threatening passengers with a large tank of pepper spray; and puncturing boats when they are already at sea, forcing migrants to swim back to shore.

      The French authorities have previously refused the UK’s requests for them to carry out interceptions at sea, stating that they contravened international maritime law. But evidence indicates there has been an escalation in the use of these tactics since last summer.

      Rishi Sunak has pledged to “stop the boats” crossing the Channel and has promised hundreds of millions of pounds to France to pay for more surveillance and border guards to prevent people making the journey. Last Wednesday the government’s safety of Rwanda (asylum and immigration) bill suffered several defeats in the House of Lords, delaying the prime minister’s plan to see flights for Kigali take off until after Easter.

      Ministers claim that the bill will act as a deterrent to all those crossing the Channel from northern France to the UK. In the first video obtained and verified for this investigation, a police boat in Dunkirk harbour circles close to a dinghy holding about 25 people, creating a wake that floods the boat.

      The police vessel is seen advancing towards the dinghy at speed, before turning sharply to create waves, circling and coming back again. Migrants are seen wearing foam-packed lifejackets and attempting to bale water out using their shoes.

      Sources confirmed that the police patrol vessel used to carry out the manoeuvre seen in the video was bought by the French authorities with funding provided by the UK government under the “Sandhurst treaty”, a bilateral border security deal signed at the royal military academy in 2018.

      “This is a textbook pushback – exactly the same as we see in Greece,” said one search and rescue expert who was shown the footage. “That one manoeuvre alone could cause a mass casualty event. The water is deep enough to drown in. I’ve seen this in the central Mediterranean many times, but this is the first time I’ve ever seen anything like this happening in the Channel.”

      Previous evidence has shown how the Greek coastguard has forced boats carrying migrants back into Turkish waters in the Aegean Sea, in some cases by manoeuvring around them at high speed to create waves.

      Two senior UK Border Force sources confirmed that the tactic could lead to multiple deaths and injuries. “If the blades [of the French boat] make contact with the vessel, it will slash right through it,” said one operational Border Force official.

      “The other thing is a collision. The weight and the force of that vessel could ride straight over the top of the rib. It would knock the passengers out, knock them unconscious and into the water. It could potentially lead to death. I can’t believe any mariner could condone that.”

      Maritime experts added that they would be “very surprised” if Border Force and HM Coastguard were not aware of these tactics being used, with one adding: “One hundred per cent, someone high up will definitely be aware of this.”

      In a second video, members of the French gendarmerie drive alongside a dinghy in a speedboat about 12 miles from the French coast, threatening to use a large tank of pepper spray against a boat carrying migrants. They then proceed to ram their vessel into the dinghy. “They don’t even know who’s on board – whether there’s someone asthmatic that you’re using pepper spray against, or pregnant women,” said a Border Force official. “That could really harm people.”

      In evidence of a third attempted pullback, a complaint filed by a member of the French customs coastguard to the public prosecutor in Boulogne-sur-Mer alleges that on 11 August 2023 police officers ordered a National Society of Sea Rescues (SNSM) crew to puncture a small boat that had already set sail. In an email seen by this investigation, the complainant, Rémi Vandeplanque, states that the SNSM crew “obviously refused” to do this, adding that the risk of drowning if they had done so was “obvious and imminent”.

      Testimony from several sources who boarded small boats bound for the UK supports the claims that French police have used such tactics. “There were four of them [French gendarmes] on the boat,” said one man, who was from India. “They went round the boat in a circle and then they stabbed the boat and left. We had to swim for about 10 minutes … We nearly died.” On 9 February 2024, the man lodged a complaint with the French human rights ombudsman. The incident is under investigation.

      Sources within France’s interior ministry have described the UK government’s “enormous pressure on a daily basis” for the French maritime police to prevent small boat departures, with one French civil servant describing the pressure as “intense” and “nonstop”.

      Another senior civil servant, who was in post until the end of 2020, added: “As far as the British were concerned, the boats had to be caught at sea. They sometimes insisted on it.”

      In September last year, then immigration minister Robert Jenrick said in the House of Commons that “there is clearly more that we need the French to do for us”, pointing to a recent trip to Belgium, where he said the authorities had “been willing to intercept in the water small boats leaving its shores”. He added: “That has proven decisive. Small boats from Belgian waters are now extremely rare, so that is an approach that we encourage the French to follow.”

      In August 2021, during a visit to the Greek island of Samos, then home secretary Priti Patel went out on patrol with the Greek coastguard, which is known for its use of aggressive pushbacks in the Aegean.

      “She came back invigorated,” said a Home Office source with knowledge of the trip. “They were very aggressive, had a good success rate of detection and were swift in how they processed them [asylum seekers]. She liked their posturing of ‘protecting borders’ and working with the military, though there was recognition that a lot of this wouldn’t be lawful in the UK.”

      Britain has allocated more than £700m to France to prevent irregular migration since 2014.

      At a summit in March 2023, Sunak announced that Britain would give France £500m over three years to fund additional border guards and a new detention facility, as well as video surveillance cameras, drones and night-vision binoculars, among other equipment.

      The package was, according to several sources at the French interior ministry, a turning point. “This has really put the relationship between the two countries on a contractual footing,” said one senior official.

      Last month the UK signed a working agreement with the European border agency Frontex to bolster intelligence sharing and deploy UK Border Force officials to coordinate the Channel response.

      When contacted by this investigation, the prefecture for the north of France confirmed that a police boat had circled a dinghy and that the aim of the intervention was to “dissuade passengers” from approaching the open sea, adding: “It’s the only time we’ve been able to intercept a small boat using this manoeuvre and it was a deterrent. All the migrants were recovered and the smugglers arrested.”

      A Home Office spokesperson said: “An unacceptable number of people are crossing the Channel and we will do whatever is necessary to end these perilous and fatal journeys. We remain committed to building on the successes that saw arrivals drop by more than a third last year.

      “Not only have we introduced tougher legislation and agreements with international partners, but we continue to work closely with our French counterparts, who are working tirelessly to save lives and stop the boats.”

      https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces

    • Dans la Manche, les techniques agressives de la police pour empêcher les traversées de migrants

      Officiellement, la police a interdiction formelle d’intercepter en mer les embarcations de migrants qui tentent de traverser la Manche. Après plusieurs mois d’enquête, « Le Monde » et ses partenaires de Lighthouse Reports, de « The Observer » et du « Der Spiegel » ont pourtant pu documenter différentes situations où les forces de l’ordre emploient des manœuvres dangereuses à l’encontre de ces « small boats » pourtant déjà à l’eau.

      Il pleut des cordes et la grande tonnelle blanche, sous laquelle plusieurs dizaines de personnes viennent s’abriter, a du mal à supporter le poids de l’eau qui s’accumule. Il est presque 11 heures, dans une zone périphérique de Loon-Plage Nord), ce mardi 12 mars, à l’entrée de l’un des nombreux campements de personnes migrantes présents depuis des années maintenant sur la commune, voisine de Dunkerque.

      Ziko (les personnes citées par leur prénom ont requis l’anonymat), 16 ans, vivote ici depuis cinq mois. Le jeune Somalien a déjà essayé cinq fois de gagner le Royaume-Uni. A chaque fois en bateau. A chaque fois sans succès. Systématiquement, les policiers sont intervenus pour stopper l’embarcation à bord de laquelle lui et d’autres espéraient traverser la Manche. « A chaque fois, ils ont crevé le bateau », se souvient-il.

      Il y a environ deux semaines de cela, les policiers ont fait une manœuvre au large de la plage de Gravelines (Nord) que le jeune homme n’est pas près d’oublier. Les fonctionnaires ont fait obstacle au canot alors qu’il était déjà en mer. « On était à plusieurs dizaines de mètres des côtes quand un bateau pneumatique avec cinq ou six policiers s’est approché et a crevé notre embarcation. » Ziko rapporte que lui et la cinquantaine de passagers sont tous tombés à l’eau. « J’avais de l’eau jusqu’à la poitrine, c’était très dangereux. Il y avait des enfants qui étaient portés à bout de bras par des adultes pour ne pas se noyer. »

      De ses cinq tentatives de traversée, c’est la seule au cours de laquelle le bateau de Ziko a été crevé en mer. Son témoignage, rare, vient percuter la version officielle livrée par les autorités depuis 2018 et l’explosion du phénomène des small boats, ces petites embarcations de migrants dont le but est de rejoindre le Royaume-Uni. Officiellement, la police a interdiction formelle d’intervenir lorsque les small boats sont déjà en mer. Dans une directive à diffusion restreinte du 10 novembre 2022, le préfet maritime de la Manche et de la mer du Nord, Marc Véran, rappelait que « le cadre de l’action des moyens agissant en mer (…) y compris dans la bande littorale des 300 mètres (…) est celui de la recherche et du sauvetage en mer » et « ne permet pas de mener des actions coercitives de lutte contre l’immigration clandestine ».

      Et ce, en dépit de la pression constante sur le littoral : alors que moins de 2 000 personnes ont traversé la Manche en 2019, elles étaient plus de 45 000 en 2022 et près de 30 000 en 2023. Un phénomène qui est devenu un irritant majeur dans la relation franco-britannique.

      Manœuvre dangereuse

      Au terme de plusieurs mois d’enquête, Le Monde, ses partenaires du collectif de journalistes Lighthouse Reports, du journal britannique The Observer et de l’hebdomadaire allemand Der Spiegel ont pourtant pu documenter différentes situations, parfois filmées, où des tactiques agressives similaires à celles que dénonce Ziko ont été employées depuis juillet 2023. D’après nos informations, elles sont même comptabilisées par le ministère de l’intérieur sous la dénomination explicite d’« interceptions en mer ». Des données d’une sensibilité telle qu’elles ne font l’objet d’aucune publicité.

      D’autres que Ziko en témoignent. La Défenseure des droits explique au Monde que quatre saisines sont en cours d’investigation portant sur des interceptions en mer en 2022 et 2023. Par ailleurs, l’inspection générale de la police nationale est saisie depuis l’automne 2023 d’une enquête préliminaire à la suite d’un signalement au parquet de Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) effectué par Rémi Vandeplanque, un garde-côte douanier et représentant du syndicat Solidaires.

      Ce dernier rapporte que, le 11 août 2023, au petit matin, un gendarme aurait demandé à un membre d’équipage de la Société nationale de sauvetage en mer (SNSM) de l’aider à percer un bateau au large de la plage de Berck-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) avec une dizaine de personnes à son bord. Une manœuvre dangereuse que le sauveteur a refusé d’effectuer, tout en avisant le centre régional opérationnel de surveillance et de sauvetage (Cross) de Gris-Nez (Pas-de-Calais).

      L’échange a été entendu sur l’un des canaux radio utilisés par le Cross. « En tant que policier, on ne peut pas agir d’une manière qui met la vie d’autrui en danger, affirme Rémi Vandeplanque. On doit respecter les règles. » Sollicitée, la préfecture maritime de la Manche et de la mer du Nord assure que, « si elle est avérée, cette initiative ne pourrait être qu’une initiative individuelle de la personne en question et inappropriée ».

      Rares sont les images qui documentent ces pratiques, mais une vidéo inédite que nous nous sommes procurée, datée du 9 octobre 2023, montre un semi-rigide de la police nationale tourner autour d’un small boat dans le port de Dunkerque en créant à dessein des vagues qui déstabilisent la petite embarcation. A bord se trouvent pourtant une trentaine de passagers. Une partie d’entre eux se tient sur le boudin du canot. De l’eau entre dans l’embarcation au point que ceux assis au milieu sont immergés jusqu’aux genoux. Le policier semble ensuite dire aux occupants du petit bateau de retourner sur le bord. Les migrants seront finalement débarqués sains et saufs.

      Une manœuvre dangereuse, jugent plusieurs experts maritimes, d’autant que, en cas de chavirement, les embarcations légères des forces de l’ordre ne sont pas dimensionnées pour conduire des opérations de sauvetage. « Cette vidéo m’a choqué, raconte Kevin Saunders, ancien officier de la Border Force britannique en poste à Calais jusqu’en 2016 et connu pour ses positions extrêmement critiques à l’égard de l’immigration. Elle me rappelle ce que les Grecs faisaient à la frontière maritime avec la Turquie. Je suis surpris que les Français fassent cela parce que c’est contraire à leur interprétation du droit de la mer. »

      « Les Français sont poussés à jouer le même rôle dans la Manche que celui que l’Union européenne offre aux pays africains. Paris reçoit beaucoup d’argent des Anglais pour empêcher les migrants de partir ou les arrêter en mer », renchérit de son côté le politiste autrichien Gerald Knaus, architecte de l’accord de lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière entre l’Union européenne et la Turquie, faisant référence à la pression grandissante des autorités britanniques.

      Crever des bateaux bondés

      De son côté, la préfecture de la zone de défense et de sécurité Nord relativise : « On était en journée, dans une enceinte portuaire. Le but de l’intervention est de dissuader les passagers de s’approcher de la digue du Braek [qui mène à la mer du Nord]. C’est la seule fois où on a pu intercepter un small boat par cette manœuvre et ça a été dissuasif. Toutes les personnes migrantes ont été sauvées et les passeurs interpellés. »

      Dans une seconde vidéo, diffusée sur le réseau social TikTok en juillet 2023, un semi-rigide appartenant à la vedette de gendarmerie maritime Aber-Ildut, déployée depuis 2022 dans la Manche, est filmé en train de percuter à deux reprises une embarcation de migrants à pleine vitesse, au large des côtes de Boulogne-sur-Mer. Trois gendarmes sont à bord. L’un d’entre eux brandit une bombe de gaz lacrymogène en direction du small boat et intime à ses passagers de s’arrêter. Une pratique, encore une fois, contraire au cadre opérationnel français.

      « Refusant le contrôle coopérant, aucune action de coercition n’a été réalisée et cette embarcation a librement poursuivi sa route, précise la préfecture maritime, interrogée sur cette action. Le nombre de ces contrôles reste très modeste, aucun naufrage, blessé ou procédure non conforme n’a été signalé. »

      D’autres témoignages, recueillis auprès de migrants à Calais (Pas-de-Calais) ou à Loon-Plage, décrivent des tentatives de traversées empêchées par des forces de l’ordre, qui s’avancent dans l’eau, jusqu’aux épaules parfois, pour crever des bateaux bondés de passagers. « A aucun moment de telles consignes ne sont données ni même suggérées aux équipes coordonnées, assure pourtant la préfecture maritime, bien au contraire, la préservation de la vie humaine en mer est le seul credo qui vaille. »

      La lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière franchit-elle la ligne rouge ? Le 10 mars 2023, une grappe de journalistes trépignent dans la cour de l’Elysée balayée par un vent hivernal. Tous attendent la poignée de main entre le chef de l’Etat, Emmanuel Macron, et le premier ministre britannique, Rishi Sunak, sur le perron du palais présidentiel. C’est le premier sommet bilatéral entre les deux pays depuis cinq ans. Le rapprochement qui doit être mis en scène ce jour-là va s’incarner sur un sujet : l’immigration. Londres annonce le versement sur trois ans de 543 millions d’euros à la France pour « stopper davantage de bateaux », au titre du traité de Sandhurst de 2018.

      Cet argent va permettre de financer le déploiement de réservistes et l’installation de barrières et de caméras de vidéosurveillance sur la Côte d’Opale, mais aussi la surveillance aérienne du littoral ou encore l’équipement des forces de l’ordre en drones, jumelles à vision nocturne ou semi-rigides, comme celui que l’on voit à l’œuvre dans la vidéo prise dans le port de Dunkerque. Une tranche importante d’une centaine de millions d’euros est aussi dévolue à des projets immobiliers tels que la création d’un centre de rétention administrative vers Dunkerque ou d’un lieu de cantonnement pour les CRS à Calais. Désormais, plus de 700 policiers et gendarmes sillonnent vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre heures les 150 kilomètres de littoral.

      « Pression énorme » des Britanniques

      Il n’est pas question ici de sauvetage en mer, au grand dam de certains opérateurs qui verraient bien leur flotte renouvelée alors que les naufrages d’embarcations sont récurrents et mettent à rude épreuve les équipages. Ainsi la SNSM a échoué à plusieurs reprises à bénéficier des fonds Sandhurst, « parce que son action n’est pas assimilable à de la lutte contre l’immigration illégale », justifie à regret un cadre de l’association dans un document que nous avons pu consulter.

      L’enveloppe d’un demi-milliard d’euros débloquée par les Britanniques en 2023 constitue, de l’aveu de plusieurs sources au ministère de l’intérieur, un tournant. « Cela a vraiment contractualisé la relation entre les deux pays, rapporte un cadre de la Place Beauvau, sous le couvert de l’anonymat. Les Anglais se comportent avec nous comme nous on le ferait avec un pays tiers. Ils mettent une pression énorme au quotidien sur le déblocage des crédits, si les chiffres ne s’améliorent pas. C’est non-stop et à tous les niveaux. »

      Déjà présents au sein d’un centre conjoint d’information et de coordination franco-britannique ainsi que dans une unité de renseignement à Coquelles (Pas-de-Calais), des officiers de liaison britanniques de la Border Force participent aussi, officiellement comme simples observateurs, à la réunion hebdomadaire de l’état-major de lutte contre l’immigration clandestine. « Ils sont extrêmement intrusifs, mais ils connaissent bien la zone, ils savent où on contrôle bien, où on est en difficulté », affirme un cadre de la gendarmerie.

      Pour tarir les flux de migrants, les Britanniques ne manquent pas d’idées. En octobre 2020, le gouvernement conservateur de Boris Johnson disait réfléchir à installer des machines à vagues pour repousser les small boats. En août 2021, la ministre britannique de l’intérieur d’alors, Priti Patel, est revenue enthousiasmée d’une visite en Grèce où elle a effectué des patrouilles avec les gardes-côtes helléniques en mer Egée, l’une des portes d’entrée en Europe. « Elle a dit que nous devrions apprendre des Grecs, se souvient une source au Home Office. Ils étaient très agressifs, avaient un bon taux de détection. » Et ont, à de nombreuses reprises, fait l’objet d’accusations de refoulements illégaux de demandeurs d’asile vers la Turquie.

      Toutes ces idées sont partagées avec la France lors de réunions bilatérales. « Pour les Britanniques, il fallait attraper les bateaux en mer. Ils le disaient de façon par moment insistante, lâche un haut fonctionnaire du ministère de l’intérieur, en poste jusqu’à fin 2020. Ils nous ont même expliqué comment faire, par exemple en lançant des grappins ou des filets. » A la préfecture de la zone de défense et de sécurité Nord, on reconnaît que « de nouvelles techniques sont essayées en permanence », à l’image de celle qui consiste à paralyser l’hélice d’un bateau de migrants à l’aide de filets.

      Mais « cela n’a pas été concluant », assure-t-on. « Notre stratégie, ça a été plutôt de dire qu’il fallait une forte présence sur les plages et empêcher les livraisons de bateaux, corrobore un ancien directeur de la police aux frontières. En mer, on porte secours aux personnes, on ne les intercepte pas. » D’autres croient que ce qui a freiné les autorités tient plutôt à des contingences matérielles : « Il n’y avait pas de moyens nautiques pour cela », assure l’ancien haut fonctionnaire du ministère de l’intérieur.

      Vingt-quatre noyades depuis 2023

      L’ampleur du phénomène des traversées persistant, les digues ont-elles sauté ? Les manœuvres en mer des forces de l’ordre « se comptent sur les doigts d’une main », balaye une source au ministère de l’intérieur.

      Le 10 mars 2023, tandis qu’Emmanuel Macron et Rishi Sunak enterrent à l’Elysée des années de brouille diplomatique, le préfet maritime Véran signe une nouvelle directive à diffusion restreinte. Elle précise le cadre de certaines manœuvres opérationnelles face à l’apparition du phénomène des taxis boats, ces embarcations qui longent la côte et récupèrent les migrants directement à l’eau pour éviter les interceptions sur les plages. La directive ouvre la voie à l’interception de small boats en mer par les forces de sécurité intérieure, à condition d’opérer « uniquement de jour », dans la bande côtière de 200 mètres de littoral, avant que le taxi boat n’embarque des passagers et dans le cas où « moins de trois personnes » seraient à bord.

      L’intervention est conditionnée, explique le vice-amiral, au comportement coopératif des occupants du bateau, mais aussi à l’absence de risques de mise en danger de la vie humaine. « En dehors des missions dédiées de contrôle des taxis boats, (…) le cadre juridique de la lutte contre l’immigration clandestine en mer se limite à l’exercice de pouvoirs de police à l’encontre des passeurs et non des passagers eux-mêmes », insiste M. Véran. Le préfet maritime ordonne d’éviter à tout prix des « routes de collision ».

      A la garde-côte douanière, Rémi Vandeplanque s’inquiète : « C’est une évolution choquante, mais ce n’est vraiment pas une surprise. » Un sentiment partagé par l’association d’aide aux migrants Utopia 56, présente sur le littoral et qui fustige, par la voix de son porte-parole, Nikolaï Posner, une « violence stérile et illégitime ». « Depuis octobre 2021 et la mise en place d’une maraude qui sillonne la côte, l’association est souvent la première à recueillir les témoignages de ceux qui ont tenté la traversée. »

      Sollicitée sur les différents cas de pratiques dangereuses des forces de l’ordre à l’encontre de small boats déjà à l’eau, la préfecture de la zone de défense et de sécurité Nord renvoie vers la préfecture maritime de la Manche et de la mer du Nord, qui est l’autorité compétente en mer. De plus, elle insiste sur la violence des réseaux de passeurs, confrontés à « la montée en puissance des saisies de bateaux en amont du littoral et sur les plages ».

      Les autorités décrivent ainsi comment « des personnes migrantes sont parfois sommées de créer des lignes de défense » et de jeter des pierres aux forces de l’ordre, pour permettre la mise à l’eau des small boats. Quarante et un policiers et gendarmes ont été blessés à cette occasion en 2023 et la préfecture a dénombré sur la même période « 160 confrontations sur les plages, c’est-à-dire avec usage de la force et de gaz lacrymogènes, alors qu’il n’y en a quasiment pas eu en 2022 ».

      C’est ce qui s’est notamment passé le 15 décembre 2023, à Sangatte, dans le Pas-de-Calais. D’après les éléments partagés par le parquet de Boulogne-sur-Mer, un groupe de migrants aurait fait barrage à des policiers pour permettre à un bateau de partir. Les policiers auraient essuyé des jets de projectiles et fait usage de gaz lacrymogènes en retour. Un récit en substance corroboré par plusieurs témoins présents sur place ce jour-là. Parvenu à prendre la mer, le small boat aurait rapidement subi une avarie de moteur et voulu regagner le rivage.

      Un migrant somalien parmi les passagers assure que, à bord du bateau, un jeune homme de 25 ans a par ailleurs été victime d’un malaise. La police aurait continué d’user de gaz lacrymogènes et se serait avancée pour crever le bateau avant qu’il n’ait pu atteindre le rivage. « Une personne de nationalité soudanaise se retrouve inanimée sur la plage », selon le parquet, et décède peu de temps après d’un arrêt cardio-respiratoire, en dépit des tentatives de le réanimer. « Depuis août 2023, on observe une recrudescence des événements dramatiques », dit le procureur de Boulogne-sur-Mer, Guirec Le Bras. Sans parvenir à expliquer cette particularité, il note que sa juridiction a recensé dix-neuf décès par noyade, survenus pour « la plupart au bord de l’eau ».

      Au total, selon l’estimation de la préfecture du Nord, vingt-quatre personnes sont décédées par noyade depuis 2023. Les autorités incriminent des « embarcations beaucoup plus chargées et une dégradation de la qualité des bateaux ». Dans un rapport publié en janvier, le réseau d’activistes Alarm Phone alertait sur ces morts près des côtes : « L’augmentation des fonds alloués à la France s’est traduite par un renforcement de la police, une augmentation de la violence sur les plages et, par conséquent, une augmentation des embarquements dangereusement surpeuplés et chaotiques au cours desquels des personnes perdent la vie. »

      « Nous avons dû nager »

      C’est peu ou prou ce que rapportent des migrants après une tentative de traversée échouée dans la nuit du 2 au 3 mars. Un exilé syrien de 27 ans, Jumaa Alhasan, s’est noyé dans le canal de l’Aa, un fleuve côtier qui se jette dans la mer du Nord. Plusieurs témoins, interrogés par Le Monde, assurent l’avoir vu tomber dans l’eau lors d’une intervention des forces de l’ordre qui aurait provoqué la panique des passeurs et poussé le Syrien à s’élancer depuis les rives de l’Aa pour tenter de sauter sur le canot en marche, là où le bateau était censé accoster et embarquer tout le monde. « Pour moi, il ne serait pas mort si les policiers français n’avaient pas été là », ne décolère pas Youssef, témoin de la scène. Le corps de Jumaa Alhasan a été retrouvé dans le chenal de l’Aa mardi 19 mars.

      Il est près de midi sur un des campements de Calais, ce 22 janvier. Sous le crachin habituel, un homme débite du bois pour alimenter un brasero autour duquel viennent se masser une demi-douzaine d’hommes. La plupart viennent du Pendjab, une région à majorité sikhe du nord de l’Inde. Tous sont arrivés il y a quelques semaines dans le nord de la France.

      Cinq jours plus tôt, Satinder, Paramjit et Gurfateh ont tenté une traversée. Ils ont longé l’autoroute qui mène jusqu’au port de Calais pour arriver au pied des dunes. « On a mis le bateau sur la plage, on l’a gonflé, tout se passait bien », rappelle Satinder, grand gaillard barbu, emmitouflé dans un cache-cou. Les trois hommes naviguent une petite dizaine de minutes au petit jour sans anicroche. Ils sont quarante-six à bord, la plupart avec des gilets de sauvetage. La météo n’est pas mauvaise, la mer presque plate.

      Ils entendent finalement une voix qui semble les poursuivre : « Stop the boat. » Un bateau s’approche du leur. La voix répète : « Stop the boat. » Satinder aperçoit une embarcation de la gendarmerie qui arrive par l’ouest. Le conducteur panique, remet les gaz sans parvenir à distancer les gendarmes. « Ils étaient quatre sur le bateau. Ils ont tourné autour de nous et ils nous ont dit que les conditions météorologiques étaient trop dangereuses, qu’ils ne pouvaient pas nous laisser partir », explique Satinder. L’un des gendarmes sort alors un « click-knife [un couteau d’attaque] », raconte Gurfateh, et assène un coup dans l’embarcation. L’air s’échappe du boudin. Le bateau s’affaisse.

      Le conducteur met alors le cap sur la terre ferme, mais le bateau coule avant de rejoindre la plage. « Nous avons dû nager une dizaine de minutes. Heureusement qu’il n’y avait presque que des adultes. Il y avait juste une petite fille de 4 ans », complète Satinder. Sur la plage, le groupe, hébété, reprend ses esprits avant de regagner la route du campement. Les trois hommes n’ont pas abandonné l’idée de traverser. Le 9 février, ils ont saisi la Défenseure des droits. « Ce jour-là, nous avons failli mourir. »

      https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2024/03/23/dans-la-manche-les-techniques-agressives-de-la-police-pour-empecher-les-trav

  • The impact of the climate crisis on gender inequality. Looking to the frontlines in search of priorities for policy
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsc.2024.1304535

    The climate crisis disproportionately impacts women and girls all over the world. To understand what the priorities in terms of policy are, an examination is conducted on the impacts taking place in South Asia (focusing on the countries of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan), an area of the globe that is highly vulnerable to climate change and is characterized by having strong patriarchal values. Gender stereotypes and roles in the region heighten women and girls’ vulnerability to climate impacts, both in general and in situations of crisis resulting from extreme weather events. Deepening the understanding of the climate crisis’ impact on gender in South Asia, a region at the frontline of these effects, can assist in reaching a baseline understanding of the challenge from a global (...)

  • Turkey’s search for gold has a massive humanitarian and environmental impact.

    At least nine workers are still missing

    On February 13, a massive landslide that dislodged 10 million cubic meters of earth across a 200-meter slope at the #Çöpler_Gold_Mine in the town of #İliç, in Turkey, once again raised questions over the ruling government’s lack of oversight over private business operations in the country, including in mining industry. At least nine workers are reportedly still missing at the time of writing this story as a result of the landslide. There is increasing concern among environmental experts that some 1,000 hectares of land in the area were exposed to cyanide and sulfuric acid used at the mine for the extraction.

    This won’t be the first time the cyanide has leaked at the mine. In 2022, a burst cyanide-carrying pipe leaked “highly poisonous waste into the İliç Dam on the Euphrates River” — western Asia’s longest river stretching over 2,800 kilometers and flowing through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. The company acknowledged the leak but refuted claims the leak damaged the river. The company went back to business as usual shortly after.

    The Environment Ministry assured that “no contamination” was “detected for now” and that it sealed off a stream running from the pit to the Euphrates.

    Environmental experts and engineers disagree. Metallurgical engineer Cemalettin Küçük, who spoke to Deutsche Well (DW) Turkish, said the chemicals in the soil has likely mixed into the Euphrates from beneath the ground, given the weight of the slide and the chemical pollution it causes to the environment in its piled form.

    Similarly, in an interview with DW Turkish, Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion (TEMA) Chairman of the Board of Directors Deniz Ataç said there was no membrane protecting the soil and, therefore, no way to prevent chemicals in the slide from mixing with the soil beneath. “We are looking at an area that is 30–40 meters high, at least 1 kilometer long and not very narrow in width. That cyanide soil is in direct contact with the soil,” said Ataç.

    Ilic Nature and Environment Platform, a local environmental group, said despite the Ministry’s assurances it has sealed off the river’s tributaries, the river is already contaminated. “Don’t seal off (the stream), seal off the mine,” said the group.

    Meanwhile, as state institutions vowed to investigate the cause of the landslide, the main culprit — the company operating the mine site — has yet to face serious repercussions. So far, it only suspended its work for a few days.

    In November 2023, the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) filed a petition with a domestic court in Erzincan, “warning against demolition, sliding, and slipping risks at the mining facilities,” according to Gazete Duvar. The union filed several other similar petitions in the past.

    The union challenged Anagold Mining, the company that has been operating the mine since 2010. It is owned by Denver, Colorado-based SSR Mining and by Turkey-based Calik Holding.

    Despite the calls from the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects on the government to close the mine, as of February 19, not all of the company’s licenses were still revoked.

    According to the main opposition Republic People’s Party (CHP) Deputy Chairman Deniz Yavuzyılmaz, responsible for the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, “although [the environmental ministry] cancelled the environmental permit and license of the company, six operating licenses given to Anagold by the Ministry of Energy were not.”

    In an interview with Bloomberg, Dersim Gul, secretary-general of the union, said, “We are facing a possible environmental disaster.”

    A former Anagold employee who spoke to Deutsche Welle Turkish said what happened at the mine was due to a lack of control by the state. The former employee also said it was not a landslide. “There is no such thing. It is not soil; it is leaching. In other words, there is ore in it, and it is contaminated with cyanide. At a minimum, two million cubic meters of this toxic soil have been scattered here and there. And half of it is in an uncontrolled area. Currently, there is a 99 percent chance that it will mix with groundwater through rainfall,” explained the former employee.

    A traditional method used by gold-mining companies is heap leaching — a process that dissolves the gold and extracts it from its ore with the help of cyanide — a deadly chemical that can harm surrounding flora and fauna in case of a spill.

    Keen to expand its mining sector, Turkey has developed a policy of inviting foreign investors and offering them special conditions to develop what it sees as a strategic economic priority. In 2000, the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) and the Ministry of Energy started mapping mineral deposits. In 2004, the government also amended the Law on Mines, granting exploration licenses to companies, reducing taxes, and allowing operations in previously protected areas. Finally, in 2010, it began converting exploration licenses into operating licenses.

    According to Anagold’s website, the company proudly states the mine is “world-class,” operating the mine “safely” while “complying with Turkish and international regulations:”

    The safe operation of the mine and facilities is closely monitored by the government and Anagold officers. The operations of Anagold and its contractors have always been in compliance with regulations and continues to be a Turkish business delivering at the highest standard.

    In addition to the pipe spill in 2022, the mine was briefly shut down in 2020 following a cyanide leak into the Euphrates River. Then too, it went back to business shortly after paying a fine and completing a cleanup operation.

    None of the previous accidents stopped the government from shutting the mine down completely. In a country that has a poor mine safety record, will the third time be a charm?
    The culprits

    On February 18, police detained Cengiz Demirci, Turkey director and senior vice president of operations at the SSR. Demirci was released the following day. Earlier this week, eight other Çöpler mine employees were detained as part of an ongoing investigation, and six were formally arrested.

    Authorities also detained an environmental activist, Sedat Cezayirlioğlu, who has long been advocating against the mine, over his online criticism. “What else did you expect,” asked veteran journalist Özlem Gürses on her YouTube channel. “You were not expecting arrests of the actual culprits responsible for this accident, the ministries approving and handing out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports, or the officials involved in alleged corruption with the mining company?”

    There are bigger fish to hold accountable, said the metallurgical engineer Cemalettin Küçük in an interview with DW Turkish. He was among the experts whose findings in the 2022 report warned of potential slides as well as contaminated soil when the company sought permission to expand capacity; however, they were ignored. The investigators must question the Provincial Directorate of Environment, the Ministry of the Environment, and the former minister Murat Kurum explained Küçük.

    Kurum served as the Minister for Environment and Urbanization between 2018 and 2023 and currently is the ruling Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) candidate in local elections, running as a candidate for Istanbul’s mayoral seat.

    The former minister is being criticized for approving the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report during his tenure as the Minister despite expert warnings. Kurum refuted the criticism, saying the Ministry’s responsibility is to assess the environmental impact, not the company’s expansion, which is beyond its jurisdiction.

    There have been no other resignations by state officials.

    The country’s worst mining disaster took place in 2014, killing more than 300 mine workers. The disaster and domestic and international outcry prompted the AKP to finally ratify the 1995 International Labor Organization’s Convention on Mine Safety. However, documents and legal changes are meaningless when they are not implemented and monitored. The incident in İliç is a testament to the latter. As one local non-governmental organization, the Center for Spatial Justice described what happened in İliç not as a “landslide,” but a result of all actors involved, from the decision-making to mining companies and public institutions, acting contrary to scientific facts.

    https://globalvoices.org/2024/02/20/turkeys-search-for-gold-has-a-massive-humanitarian-and-environmental-i

    #extractivisme #or #Turquie #mines

  • #Firefox 123 Delivers Better Linux Gamepad Support + More
    https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/02/mozilla-firefox-123-features

    A new stable version of the Mozilla Firefox web browser is available to download. Mozilla Firefox 123 buffs the browser’s privacy-respecting translation. When translating a web page the browser now also translates text shown in tooltips (i.e. titles) and placeholder text shown in form controls/fields/search boxes. A clutch of address bar settings are now listed in the Settings > Search section. From there, you can choose what kinds of results the address bar ‘suggests’ for queries, you enter, e.g., browsing history, bookmarks, open tabs, shortcuts, and search engines. Linux gamer? You’ll be pleased to hear Firefox 123 adopts evdev for […] You’re reading Firefox 123 Delivers Better Linux Gamepad Support + More, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

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