• The black box warning on philanthrocapitalism - Jocalyn Clark & Linsey McGoey | The Lancet
    http://thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32184-5/fulltext

    On Sept 21, 2016, Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan announced plans to invest US$3 billion in a mission to “cure, prevent or manage all diseases” by 2100, part of an earlier promise to donate 99% of their stock in Facebook, a company Zuckerberg founded. It is the latest example in a growing number of pledges by billionaires to give away their wealth for social causes rather than pass it down to descendants.

    Opinion: Charities and Taxpayers Deserve More From Donor-Advised Funds - The Chronicle of Philanthropy
    https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Opinion-Charities-and/238202

    What all of these organizations have in common is that they offer donors the ability to make what appear like outright donations to charity. Behind the scenes, what is happening, in essence, is that DAF sponsors make a side agreement with the donors to hold these funds and let the contributor have control over the money.

    #philanthrocapitalisme #fondations #donations #bmgf

  • #Cholestérol le grand bluff

    Comment le cholestérol a été érigé en coupable idéal des maladies cardio-vasculaires par une série d’approximations scientifiques. Un dogme dont un nombre croissant de chercheurs dénoncent les dangers. Une enquête exceptionnelle.

    Le cholestérol, que tout un chacun se représente comme un excès de mauvaise #graisse dans l’organisme, est désigné à la vindicte médicale et populaire depuis les années 1950 comme responsable des #maladies_cardio-vasculaires qui terrassent jeunes et vieux avant l’heure. Or, un nombre croissant de chercheurs en médecine dénoncent ce qu’ils considèrent comme un vaste #mensonge, façonné à la fois par une série d’approximations scientifiques et par de puissants intérêts économiques, de l’#industrie_agroalimentaire d’abord, des #laboratoires_pharmaceutiques ensuite. Les facteurs avérés de risque, affirment ces recherches convergentes, sont en réalité le #tabac, l’#hypertension, l’#obésité et le manque d’exercice. Mais depuis la mise sur le marché, en 1993, de nouveaux traitements anticholestérol, les #statines, une écrasante majorité de médecins mise sur leur prescription avant toute autre mesure préventive. Consommées par 220 millions de patients à travers le monde, les statines sont devenues en quelques années le médicament le plus vendu dans l’histoire de la médecine. Or, les fabricants eux-mêmes commencent à reconnaître qu’elles peuvent entraîner des effets secondaires graves, tels que des #douleurs_musculaires, des #problèmes_hormonaux, des #pertes_de_mémoire, des #dépressions et aussi, selon des études récentes, le déclenchement d’un #diabète. Une reconnaissance tardive qui, étrangement, intervient alors que les derniers brevets en la matière tombent dans le domaine public et qu’une nouvelle molécule anticholestérol s’annonce.

    Pour démonter ce qui a constitué pendant plus d’un demi-siècle un dogme inattaquable, Anne Georget donne la parole à une quinzaine de spécialistes - chercheurs en médecine, cardiologues, journalistes médicaux, nutritionnistes... - qui expliquent à la fois ce que l’on sait du cholestérol et réfutent, études à l’appui, ce qu’ils estiment être des conclusions scientifiques biaisées. Ainsi le physiologiste américain Ancel Keys, qui, le premier, avait attribué à la surconsommation de graisses saturées la stupéfiante épidémie d’accidents cardio-vasculaires survenue dans les années 1950 dans certains pays occidentaux, a-t-il délibérément passé sous silence les contre-exemples statistiques. Tandis que les études cliniques des statines ont été financées à 80 % par les laboratoires qui avaient le plus intérêt à ce qu’elles s’avèrent positives.

    http://future.arte.tv/fr/cholesterol

    #documentaire #enquête #science #Alzheimer #industrie_pharmaceutique #big_pharma #cholesterol

  • Higher dementia risk linked to living near heavy traffic, research shows - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-05/scientists-link-dementia-risk-to-living-near-heavy-traffic/8164054

    People who live near busy roads laden with heavy traffic face a higher risk of developing dementia than those living further away, according to researchers in Canada.

    A study published in The Lancet medical journal found that people who lived within 50 metres of high-traffic roads had a 7 per cent higher chance of developing dementia compared to those who lived more than 300 metres away from busy roadways.

    Air pollutants can get into the blood stream and lead to inflammation, which is linked with cardiovascular disease and possibly other conditions such as diabetes,” said Ray Copes, an environmental and occupational health expert at Public Health Ontario.

    Researchers at Public Health Ontario conducted the study with colleagues from Canada’s Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.

    This study suggests air pollutants that can get into the brain via the blood stream can lead to neurological problems,” Mr Copes said.

    • Résumé sur The Lancet

      Living near major roads and the incidence of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study - The Lancet
      http://thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32399-6/fulltext

      Summary
      Background
      Emerging evidence suggests that living near major roads might adversely affect cognition. However, little is known about its relationship with the incidence of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. We aimed to investigate the association between residential proximity to major roadways and the incidence of these three neurological diseases in Ontario, Canada.

      Methods
      In this population-based cohort study, we assembled two population-based cohorts including all adults aged 20–50 years (about 4·4 million; multiple sclerosis cohort) and all adults aged 55–85 years (about 2·2 million; dementia or Parkinson’s disease cohort) who resided in Ontario, Canada on April 1, 2001. Eligible patients were free of these neurological diseases, Ontario residents for 5 years or longer, and Canadian-born. We ascertained the individual’s proximity to major roadways based on their residential postal-code address in 1996, 5 years before cohort inception. Incident diagnoses of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis were ascertained from provincial health administrative databases with validated algorithms. We assessed the associations between traffic proximity and incident dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual and contextual factors such as diabetes, brain injury, and neighbourhood income. We did various sensitivity analyses, such as adjusting for access to neurologists and exposure to selected air pollutants, and restricting to never movers and urban dwellers.

      Findings
      Between 2001, and 2012, we identified 243 611 incident cases of dementia, 31 577 cases of Parkinson’s disease, and 9247 cases of multiple sclerosis. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident dementia was 1·07 for people living less than 50 m from a major traffic road (95% CI 1·06–1·08), 1·04 (1·02–1·05) for 50–100 m, 1·02 (1·01–1·03) for 101–200 m, and 1·00 (0·99–1·01) for 201–300 m versus further than 300 m (p for trend=0·0349). The associations were robust to sensitivity analyses and seemed stronger among urban residents, especially those who lived in major cities (HR 1·12, 95% CI 1·10–1·14 for people living <50 m from a major traffic road), and who never moved (1·12, 1·10–1·14 for people living <50 m from a major traffic road). No association was found with Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis.

      Interpretation
      In this large population-based cohort, living close to heavy traffic was associated with a higher incidence of dementia, but not with Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis.

      Funding
      Health Canada (MOA-4500314182).