Andrew Ng Has a Chatbot That Can Help with Depression - MIT Technology Review
►https://www.technologyreview.com/s/609142/andrew-ng-has-a-chatbot-that-can-help-with-depression
“If you look at the societal need, as well as the ability of AI to help, I think that digital mental-health care checks all the boxes,” Ng says. “If we can take a little bit of the insight and empathy [of a real therapist] and deliver that, at scale, in a chatbot, we could help millions of people.”
Mais il reste le problème général du comportementalisme : quid de la relation humaine dans la cure ? Quid du contre-transfert ?
Darcy, who met Ng at Stanford, says the work going on there in applying techniques like deep learning to conversational agents inspired her to think that therapy could be delivered by a bot. She says it is possible to automate cognitive behavioral therapy because it follows a series of steps for identifying and addressing unhelpful ways of thinking. And recent advances in natural-language processing have helped make chatbots more useful within limited domains.
Depression is certainly a big problem. It is now the leading form of disability in the U.S., and 50 percent of U.S. college students report suffering from anxiety or depression.
Darcy and colleagues tried several different prototypes on college volunteers, and they found the chatbot approach to be particularly effective. In a study they published this year in a peer-reviewed medical journal, Woebot was found to reduce the symptoms of depression in students over the course of two weeks.
C’est intéressant de voir comment on imagine des robots pour remplacer ce qui est le plus positivement humain (la thérapie, le sexe, les réseaux sociaux, le soin...)
The emergence of a real AI therapist is, in a sense, pretty ironic. The very first chatbot, Eliza, developed at MIT in 1966 by Joseph Weizenbaum, was designed to mimic a “Rogerian psychologist.” Eliza used a few clever tricks to create the illusion of an intelligent conversation—for example, repeating answers back to a person or offering open-ended questions such as “In what way?” and “Can you think of a specific example?” Weizenbaum was amazed to find that people seemed to believe they were talking to a real therapist, and that some offered up very personal secrets.
Darcy also says both Eliza and Woebot are effective because a conversation is a natural way to communicate distress and receive emotional support. She adds that people seem happy to suspend their disbelief, and seem to enjoy talking to Woebot as if it were a real therapist. “People talk about their problems for a reason,” she says. “Therapy is conversational.”