Bali Volcano Eruptions Disrupt International Flights

▻http://www.futura-sciences.com/planete/actualites/terre-petit-age-glaciaire-puissant-volcan-cause-ete-identifie-49346

Source of the great A.D. 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia
▻http://www.pnas.org/content/110/42/16742.abstract
PNAS October 15, 2013

Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A.D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the past 7,000 y. Tree rings, medieval chronicles, and computational models corroborate the expected worldwide atmospheric and climatic effects of this eruption. However, until now there has been no convincing candidate for the mid-13th century “mystery eruption.” Drawing upon compelling evidence from stratigraphic and geomorphic data, physical volcanology, radiocarbon dating, tephra geochemistry, and chronicles, we argue the source of this long-sought eruption is the Samalas volcano, adjacent to Mount Rinjani on Lombok Island, Indonesia. At least 40 km3 (dense-rock equivalent) of tephra were deposited and the eruption column reached an altitude of up to 43 km. Three principal pumice fallout deposits mantle the region and thick pyroclastic flow deposits are found at the coast, 25 km from source. With an estimated magnitude of 7, this event ranks among the largest Holocene explosive eruptions. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal are consistent with a mid-13th century eruption. In addition, glass geochemistry of the associated pumice deposits matches that of shards found in both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores, providing compelling evidence to link the prominent A.D. 1258/1259 ice core sulfate spike to Samalas. We further constrain the timing of the mystery eruption based on tephra dispersal and historical records, suggesting it occurred between May and October A.D. 1257.

Voir aussi :

Enquête sur l’éruption qui a marqué le Moyen Âge
Grégory Fléchet, Le Journal du CNRS, le 17 novembre 2017
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/645526

à 100km de là, vers l’ouest le #volcan Agung vient d’entrer en irruption

Bali Volcano Eruptions Disrupt International Flights | Time
▻http://time.com/5037202/bali-volcano-mount-agung-eruptions/http%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5037202%2Fbali-volcano-mount-agung-eruptions%2F
▻https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/indonesia-bali-volcano.jpg?quality=85

Authorities warned anyone still in the exclusion zone around the volcano, which extends 7.5 kilometers (4.5 miles) from the crater in places, to leave.

#Agung also had a minor eruption on Tuesday but authorities have not raised its alert status from the second highest, which would widen the exclusion area and prompt a large evacuation of people.

About 25,000 people have been unable to return to their homes since September, when Agung showed signs of activity for the first time in more than half a century.

The volcano’s last major eruption in 1963 killed about 1,100 people.