https://www.politico.eu

  • How AstraZeneca threw away its shot – POLITICO
    https://www.politico.eu/article/how-astrazeneca-threw-away-its-shot

    “The thing that terrifies me more than anything else is that the one vaccine that’s not-for-profit is the one that has been dumped on over and over and over again,”

    L’article liste une quantité invraisemblable d’erreurs scientifiques (sur l’organisation des essais, pas sur la biologie), politiques (Macron, Brexit…) et commerciales. Seul truc qui me paraît bizarre, Bill Gates n’est pas mentionné alors qu’il a une grosse part de responsabilité dans cet échec.

    via @maliciarogue

  • Authorities in Lithuania are considering building a wall with Belarus

    Authorities in Lithuania are now considering building a wall with Belarus. Ingrida Simonyte, the Lithuanian prime minister, has accused the Belarusian government of orchestrating what her country views as a migrant crisis.

    https://twitter.com/VCapici/status/1409246090768101377

    #Lituanie #murs #frontières #Biélorussie #migrations #réfugiés #asile #barrières #barrières_frontalières

    –—

    voir :
    A la frontière entre la #Lituanie et le #Bélarus, Loukachenko se fait maître passeur
    https://seenthis.net/messages/919781

    • Lithuania Reports 116 More Border Arrests Of Migrants Crossing From Belarus

      Lithuanian authorities reported 116 more arrests of migrants crossing the border from Belarus, a surge in crossings that Lithuania says Minsk is purposely organizing in retaliation for European Union sanctions.

      The Lithuanian State Border Security Service said on July 3 that border guards also fired tear gas and warning shots as one group of migrants were being detained.

      The latest figures bring the number of migrants detained over the past two days to 179, the service said; in all 938 people have been arrested crossing from Belarus this year, 12 times as many in all of last year.

      Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis said late on July 2 that the government had declared a state of emergency, and he accused Lukashenka seeking “to weaponize migration to weaken our resolve for sanctions.”

      Vilnius contends that the migrants, most of whom are Iraqi, are moved to the border with Lithuania, where Belarusian border guards turn a blind eye as they cross into the European Union member state.

      Lithuania has been one of the loudest critics of Belarus’s strongman leader Alyaksandr Lukashenka since last August’s dispute presidential election. The 66-year-old Lukashenka claimed victory, setting off months of unprecedented protests.

      The opposition says that election was rigged, and the West has refused to recognize the results of the vote.

      The Baltic state has offered refuge to Svyatlana Tsikhanouskaya, who supporters say was the real winner of the election.

      Vilnius has also become a center for Belarusians in exile, and the two countries have expelled a number of diplomats as ties have worsened in recent weeks.

      The EU’s border guard service, Frontex, has sent teams to Lithuania to help deal with the influx of migrants.

      https://www.rferl.org/a/lithuania-migrants-arrests-belarus/31339043.html

    • La Lituanie se dit débordée face à l’afflux de migrants venus de Biélorussie

      La Lituanie s’est déclarée, vendredi, en #état_d'urgence, face à la hausse des arrivées de migrants depuis la Biélorussie voisine. Plus de 150 personnes ont traversé la frontière ces dernières 24 heures. L’agence de garde-frontières européenne, #Frontex, a dépêché une équipe pour venir en aide au pays balte.

      Une équipe de six gardes-frontières de l’agence européenne Frontex a commencé à travailler vendredi 2 juillet en Lituanie pour aider le pays balte à faire face à l’arrivée de migrants. Depuis plusieurs semaines, des dizaines de personnes en provenance de la Biélorussie voisine, passent la frontière ouest du pays pour entrer en Lituanie.

      Le nombre de gardes-frontières de Frontex devant être déployés à la frontière biélorusse devrait passer à 30 dans le courant du mois.

      Les garde-frontières lituaniens ont indiqué avoir arrêté quelque 150 migrants ces dernières 24 heures - près du double du nombre d’arrestations sur l’ensemble de 2020. Face à cet afflux, le gouvernement a déclaré l’état d’urgence vendredi.

      Cela porte le nombre total de traversées illégales de frontières par des migrants cette année à plus de 800, la plupart venant du Moyen-Orient. Sur l’ensemble de 2020, 81 traversées illégales de la frontière avaient été enregistrées – et 37 en 2019.

      La plupart des migrants sont originaires d’Irak, mais il y en a aussi de plus en plus de Syrie, de Gambie, de Guinée et d’Inde, selon le site EUobserver (https://euobserver.com/world/152305).

      « La situation commence à se détériorer »

      « La situation est tendue et a tendance à se détériorer », a déclaré le ministre lituanien des Affaires étrangères Gabrielius Landsbergis à l’AFP.

      Il y a deux semaines, l’armée lituanienne a mis en place un #camp_d’urgence de plusieurs tentes à #Pabradé, à une quarantaine de kilomètres de la capitale Vilnius, pour pouvoir gérer l’afflux. « Le but du ministère est clair : les migrants économiques qui traversent la frontière de l’UE illégalement doivent être renvoyés à l’endroit d’où ils viennent », a-t-il ajouté.

      « Un tiers sont des hommes, un autre tiers sont des femmes, on accueille aussi des enfants, quelques mineurs non accompagnés et des personnes avec des problèmes de santé. Nous sommes inquiets quant à nos capacités d’accueil pour assurer l’hébergement à ces personnes qui demandent l’asile », a expliqué à RFI Egle Samuchovaite (https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20210618-la-lituanie-accuse-la-bi%C3%A9lorussie-de-laisser-passer-des-migrants-s), directrice des programmes de la Croix-Rouge lituanienne, au mois de juin.

      Le gouvernement lituanien, qui s’oppose au président biélorusse Alexandre Loukachenko, a indiqué qu’il soupçonnait les autorités du pays de laisser les migrants passer la frontière.

      Ces tensions entre Minsk et Vilnius interviennent alors que les relations entre l’Union européenne et la Biélorussie sont elles-mêmes très compliquées. En cause : le détournement au mois de mai d’un vol commercial de Ryanair ordonné par le président Loukachenko pour arrêter un dissident politique.

      https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/33405/la-lituanie-se-dit-debordee-face-a-l-afflux-de-migrants-venus-de-bielo

    • L’agence des frontières de l’UE augmente ” considérablement ” l’aide à la Lituanie

      L’agence des frontières de l’Union européenne s’engage à renforcer “de manière significative” son soutien à la Lituanie dans les prochains jours “en raison de la pression migratoire croissante à la frontière lituanienne avec la Biélorussie” que la nation balte tente de contenir .

      La décision de Frontex, l’agence chargée de coordonner le contrôle des frontières entre les États membres de l’UE et les pays tiers, a été annoncée samedi dernier à la suite d’un appel vidéo entre le directeur exécutif de Frontex Fabrice Leggeri et le président lituanien Gitanas Nauseda.

      “La frontière lituanienne est notre frontière extérieure commune et Frontex est prête à aider si nécessaire”, a déclaré Leggeri dans un communiqué. “Nous sommes prêts à renforcer notre niveau de soutien et à déployer plus d’officiers et d’équipements du corps permanent européen” en Lituanie, membre de l’UE et de l’OTAN de 2,8 millions.

      L’opération de Frontex, qui a commencé au début du mois avec le déploiement d’une douzaine d’officiers et de voitures de patrouille, va doubler la semaine prochaine, a indiqué l’agence.

      Le bureau de Nauseda a déclaré séparément que Frontex avait promis que des renforts devraient arriver en Lituanie avant le 15 juillet et que des patrouilles frontalières armées et d’autres traducteurs sont arrivés au cours du week-end.

      En outre, un hélicoptère de patrouille sera envoyé en Lituanie depuis la Pologne voisine et des discussions sont en cours pour envoyer un autre hélicoptère depuis l’Allemagne, a indiqué le bureau de Nauseda.

      Dans un tweet, Nauseda a remercié Frontex pour son soutien “Gérer les flux de migrants illégaux à travers la frontière orientale” avec la Biélorussie, autre ancienne république soviétique qui ne fait pas partie de l’UE.

      La Lituanie, qui a donné refuge à des membres de l’opposition biélorusse, accuse son voisin d’organiser des passages frontaliers principalement par des personnes originaires d’Irak, du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique.

      En juin, le nombre de passages illégaux des frontières entre la Biélorussie et la Lituanie a sextuplé, augmentant la pression sur les autorités nationales de contrôle des frontières, a déclaré Frontex. Le phénomène s’est accéléré en juillet et plus de 1 500 personnes sont entrées en Lituanie depuis la Biélorussie au cours des deux derniers mois, 20 fois plus qu’en 2020.

      Plus tôt cette semaine, le président autoritaire biélorusse Alexandre Loukachenko a déclaré que son pays ne fermerait pas ses frontières “et ne deviendrait pas un camp pour les personnes fuyant l’Afghanistan, l’Iran, l’Irak, la Syrie, la Libye et la Tunisie”.

      Les tensions entre l’UE et la Biélorussie se sont encore intensifiées après que la Biélorussie a détourné un avion de ligne le 23 mai pour arrêter un journaliste de l’opposition.

      Loukachenko a déclaré que son pays cesserait de coopérer avec le bloc des 27 pays pour endiguer la migration en représailles aux lourdes sanctions économiques que l’UE a imposées à la Biélorussie pour le détournement d’avions de passagers.

      Vendredi, la Lituanie a commencé à construire une double clôture en fil de fer barbelé à la frontière avec la Biélorussie. Il parcourra 550 kilomètres (342 miles), couvrant la majeure partie de la frontière de près de 680 kilomètres (423 miles) et coûtera 41 millions d’euros (48 millions de dollars), selon les autorités lituaniennes.

      En outre, la Lituanie a mis en place des camps de tentes pour accueillir le nombre croissant de migrants.

      https://www.cablechronicles.com/lagence-des-frontieres-de-lue-augmente-considerablement-laide-a-la-

    • EU deploys border force in Lithuania as Belarus opens pathway for migrants

      Officials cite effort by Minsk to ‘weaponize’ irregular migration flows.

      The EU’s border protection agency on Monday said it was mobilizing a rapid intervention force to Lithuania, where the government has accused neighboring Belarus of allowing hundreds of migrants to cross illegally into the country.

      The allegations that Belarus is “weaponizing” migrants in retaliation for EU sanctions and support for political opponents of the country’s long-time leader, Alexander Lukashenko, were discussed Monday in the European Parliament and in the EU Foreign Affairs Council.

      “It seems like the Belarusian authorities now facilitate irregular migration possibly in retaliation to EU restrictive measures and as a response to the Lithuanian support for the civil society in Belarus,” the EU’s commissioner for home affairs, Ylva Johansson, testified during a joint hearing of the Parliament’s home affairs and foreign affairs committees.

      Johansson said that the method of arrivals was still under investigation, but that it appeared several flights per day were landing in Minsk, the Belarusian capital, carrying migrants from Istanbul and Baghdad. Officials said at least 60 EU border guards were expected to arrive in Lithuania in the coming days.

      While many of the migrants that have crossed into Lithuania seem to be of Iraqi or Syrian origin, there have also been migrants from African countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon.

      Arriving for Monday’s Foreign Affairs Council meeting in Brussels, Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis said his country was struggling to return migrants to their home countries. He added that the Baltic nation is now confronting challenges more commonly seen in frontline EU countries like Greece and Spain that face a constant influx of migrants across the Mediterranean, and have faced similar pressure of arrivals from Turkey and Morocco.

      “The European Union should have a common strategy how to deal with these sort of political or hybrid threats,” Landsbergis said. “We need a strategy of readmission because a country — be it Lithuania, be it Greece or Spain — alone faces a rather challenging path when trying to return the people who illegally entered the country. Secondly, we need to be very strict with the regimes who are using these sorts of weapons.”

      Landsbergis called for additional sanctions against Belarus and said other countries using such tactics should face similar punishment.

      To help manage the crisis, the Lithuanian parliament will convene in a special session on Tuesday to adopt amendments to national asylum laws with an aim of reducing the time needed to evaluate applications for protected status.

      Asked if the situation in Lithuania was adding new urgency to the EU’s years-long struggle to develop a new migration pact, the bloc’s high representative for foreign affairs, Josep Borrell, said it was up to the border protection agency, Frontex, to help manage the situation.

      “That’s why we created Frontex, to help member states to face migration crises,” Borrell said at a news conference following the meeting.
      ‘High pressure’ situation

      Fabrice Leggeri, the executive director of Frontex, said his agency had anticipated Belarus seeking to use flows of irregular migrants as a political weapon, and has been monitoring the country’s borders since last fall. Testifying in the parliamentary hearing, Leggeri said there had been more than 1,600 irregular border crossings to Lithuania from Belarus since January 1 of this year, but roughly half of those, some 800, occurred in the first week of July.

      “This was clearly the sign that something was happening with more intensity,” Leggeri testified, adding: “We see that there is a high pressure that could even worsen in the next days.”

      Leggeri told Parliament that while the initial arrivals had mostly come from Iraq, Syria and Iran, this month there was a shift toward African nationals, including migrants from Congo, Gambia, Guinea, Mali and Senegal. He said Lukashenko’s government was encouraging the influx by inviting citizens to travel to Belarus without visas under the guise of obtaining coronavirus vaccines.

      “Belarus announced that 73 countries are encouraged to enter Belarus without a visa and to stay up to five days to get COVID vaccine shots,” he said.

      Lukashenko has simultaneously denied using migrants for political pressure while also warning that Belarus has no intention of halting the flows. He has effectively mocked the EU, saying last week: “We will not hold anyone back. We are not their final destination after all. They are headed to enlightened, warm, cozy Europe.”

      According to statistics from the Lithuanian Border Guard Service, a total of 1,714 irregular migrants crossed the Lithuanian border in 2021, compared to just 74 in 2020. Of these, 1,676 arrived from Belarus. According to the statistics, roughly 1,000 irregular migrants were detained between July 1 and July 11, including 377 from Iraq; 194 from the Democratic Republic of Congo; 118 from Cameroon; 67 from Guinea; 23 from Afghanistan; 22 from Togo; and 20 from Nigeria.

      The bizarre situation of Middle Eastern and African migrants arriving in the Baltics was part of a busy Foreign Affairs Council meeting that included a discussion over lunch with the new Israeli foreign affairs minister, Yair Lapid.

      Ministers also discussed the deteriorating situation in Afghanistan, which Borrell conceded was a direct consequence of the withdrawal of Western troops that was ordered by U.S. President Joe Biden. Borrell said a new international task force may be needed to try to stabilize the country and, especially, to protect the rights of women and girls, but he gave no indication of how such a task force would operate without military support.

      Ministers also discussed the continuing risk of famine in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Borrell said the EU was trying to mobilize assistance but that it was impossible for the EU alone to address a shortage of food for an estimated 850,000 people.

      https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-deploys-border-force-in-lithuania-as-belarus-opens-pathway-for-migrants-

    • Lithuania introduces pushbacks against migrants crossing from Belarus

      As Lithuania struggles to stem the flow of migrants trying to enter the country from neighboring Belarus, border guards have said that they have begun to push back migrants trying to enter the country using irregular methods of crossing.

      Rustamas Liubajevas, the head of Lithuania’s border guard service, announced on Tuesday that “anyone who tries to enter Lithuanian territory illegally will be refused entry and directed to the nearest operational international border control point.” He added that some 180 migrants had already been sent back to Belarus on Tuesday.

      “Deterrent actions may be taken against those who do not comply,” Liubajevas said further. He did not to disclose the exact measures taken, but said the guards did not use violence to push back the migrants.

      The Baltic News Agency confirmed the reports.


      https://twitter.com/BNSLithuania/status/1422295961074814980

      Criticism against move

      The decision to introduce push backs has been taken by Lithuanian Interior Minister Agne Bilotaite, effectively allowing authorities to use force to send migrants to official border crossing points or to diplomatic missions, where they can apply for asylum legally.

      Lithuanian NGOs meanwhile have responded to the pushback of migrants, saying that it violates international human rights: “This restricts the fundamental human right to seek asylum in a safe state,” Akvile Krisciunaite, a researcher at the Diversity Development Group, told the AFP news agency.

      “Belarus is not a safe country, and human rights are known to be grossly violated there.”

      So far this year, Lithuanian border officials have detained more than 4,000 migrants — mostly Iraqi nationals. That number compares to 81 intercepted migrants for all of 2020.

      ’Cold War’ between Belarus and Lithuania

      Tensions between the two countries are on an all-time high since much of the Belarusian opposition have sought refuge in Lithuania from violent oppression following the disputed presidential reelection of authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko in August 2020. His main challenger and the likely winner of the vote, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, has been living in exile in Lithuania ever since.

      Many Western governments, including Lithuania, have denounced the alleged re-election saying results were rigged. The EU then imposed a series of sanctions. Lithuanian officials now said they suspect that the influx of migrants is being staged by the Belarusian government under Lukashenko’s leadership.

      https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/34091/lithuania-introduces-pushbacks-against-migrants-crossing-from-belarus

    • Lithuanian parliament votes to allow mass detention of asylum seekers

      Lithuania’s parliament on Tuesday (13 July) approved the mass detention of migrants and curbed their right of appeal, a move meant to deter high numbers crossing the border with Belarus but which stirred an outcry among humanitarian groups.

      Eighty-four lawmakers supported the bill, with one objection and 5 abstentions, brushing aside protests from Red Cross and other non-governmental organizations saying it violates Lithuania’s international obligations and migrant rights.

      Lithuanian and EU officials have accused Belarus of using illegal migrants as a political weapon to exert pressure on the European Union because of the bloc’s sanctions on Minsk. More than 1,700 people have entered Lithuania from its non-EU neighbour this year, including 1,100 in July alone.

      Prime Minister Ingrida Simonyte said the detention policy would prevent migrants from illegally travelling onwards to the more affluent west of the EU – the favoured destination of the vast majority of migrants reaching EU territory in recent years.

      The legislation is intended “to send a message to Iraqis and others that this is not a convenient route, conditions will not be good here”, Interior Minister Agne Bilotaite said in introducing the bill.

      She said such migrants are “not real asylum seekers” but rather Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko’s “tool to use against Lithuania”, after he vowed retaliation for EU sanctions imposed over his violent suppression of street protests.

      The new law bans any release of migrants from detention for six months after their arrival, curbs the right of appeal for rejected asylum-seekers and stipulates that migrants can be deported while their appeals are considered.

      “The law is a potential human rights violation, and it does not correspond to EU directives,” Lithuanian Red Cross programme director Egle Samuchovaite told Reuters.

      “It enshrines the current bad situation in Lithuania’s detention centres in law and leaves vulnerable people in an even more vulnerable situation.”

      Lithuania also began building a 550-km razor wire barrier on its frontier with Belarus on Friday.

      The small Baltic republic of 2.8 million people, on the poorer eastern end of the EU, is used to receiving less than 100 illegal migrants per year and has struggled to cope with the recent influx.

      Fewer rights for migrants

      Several migrants at a temporary detention centre in a disused school in rural Lithuania told Reuters on Monday they had been given no information about their rights or future, nine days after arriving from Belarus.

      They said they had not been given a chance to apply for asylum nor to speak with the help of a translator.

      The new law removes most rights accorded to migrants such as the right to a translator or to obtain information about their status and the asylum process.

      Lithuanian authorities are now obliged only to provide upkeep in detention, medical care and legal aid, but Simonyte said the government will try to do more.

      “The government intends to provide all support that is needed for those people,” she told reporters. “But if there is a very sudden influx in a short time frame, we might be able to ensure only what is absolutely needed. For that we should have a legal framework.”

      Dainius Zalimas, a lawyer who until June was the chairman of Lithuania’s Constitutional Court, said mass detention and restricted appeal process likely violate both Lithuania’s constitution and the European Convention of Human Rights.

      “The proposals, which are unconstitutional, are based on premise that all foreigners who crossed the border are second-class human beings, not entitled to constitutional rights,” he told Reuters before the vote.

      https://www.euractiv.com/section/justice-home-affairs/news/lithuanian-parliament-votes-to-allow-mass-detention-of-asylum-seekers

      #détention #détention_massive

    • EU presses Iraq to halt migrant flights to Belarus

      A number of new flights have been announced between Iraq and Belarus.

      The EU is ramping up pressure on Iraq to stop its airlines from flying to Belarus, which helps Minsk send asylum seekers into the EU in retaliation against sanctions imposed by the bloc.

      On Thursday, there were signs that the pressure was beginning to work. An Iraqi Airways flight from Basra to Minsk was canceled. However, an aircraft belonging to another carrier, Fly Baghdad, did land in the Belarusian capital Thursday, although a flight scheduled for Friday was canceled. Iraqi Airways recently expanded its schedule of flights to Belarus, while Fly Baghdad first started trips to Minsk in May.

      “We welcome the reports on the decision about the cancellation of these flights,” a European Commission spokesperson said Thursday, although they did not confirm reports that Iraqi Airways will cancel flights until August 15.

      The EU has accused Belarusian strongman Alexander Lukashenko of trying to “weaponize” the Iraqi migrants who arrive in Minsk. They are taken to the border with Lithuania and then cross into the EU; so far, 4,000 asylum seekers have entered, almost 2,800 of them from Iraq. Lithuanian Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis estimates that up to 10,000 migrants could come into his country by the end of the summer. Last year, Lithuania received only about 80 migrants.

      This migration crisis is very different from previous ones where people crossed into the EU by sea. The main access to Belarus is by air, and despite EU efforts to throttle traffic, Minsk is working hard to expand the number of flights reaching the country.

      The immediate pressure is on Iraq, but there is also an increase in flights to Minsk from Turkey, also reportedly carrying asylum seekers.

      The EU is ramping up pressure on Iraq to fall into line.

      Charles Michel, president of the European Council, got involved, speaking to Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al Kadhimi, while EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell spoke with Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein.

      Talks with the Iraqis are “done in a very constructive spirit [with] the Iraqi side conveying the willingness to cooperate and jointly address the situation," said the Commission spokesperson.

      Germany, the Czech Republic, Austria and others joined Lithuania in putting pressure on Baghdad, diplomats said. An Iraqi delegation was in Lithuania last week and visited the camps where Iraqis are staying.

      Some EU diplomats say that the diplomatic effort is hampered by a lack of strong leverage over Baghdad. The Iraqis “are well aware that we cannot abandon them, we need them for our security and we cannot risk having another Afghanistan next door,” said an EU diplomat.

      The bloc did threaten last month to restrict visas for Iraqis to improve cooperation in taking back people rejected for asylum. The Commission said that “Iraqi authorities cooperate only on voluntary returns and in very exceptional cases (Iraqi nationals convicted for a criminal offence) on forced returns” and that “Iraq’s cooperation with the EU on readmission matters is not sufficient and that action is needed.”
      More flights

      While flights from Iraq are the most pressing issue, there is also worry about the increase in routes from Turkey.

      In recent weeks, Belavia — which is currently banned from European airspace after Minsk illegally diverted a Ryanair plane in May to kidnap an opposition blogger — has beefed up its schedule from Turkey. Two routes between Minsk and Istanbul that had been serviced three times a week are now flying daily. Regular flights from Izmir have been reinstated, as have several regular flights from Antalya — although those are also popular holiday destinations for Belarusians.

      There is also an effort to crack down on EU-based leasing companies supplying aircraft to Belavia.

      Brussels “must make sure that no European company can provide assets that facilitate the trafficking route,” Landsbergis told POLITICO’s Brussels Playbook on Wednesday.

      According to an EU official, several of the jets operated by Belavia come from Ireland. A company based in Denmark, Nordic Aviation Capital, has also provided aircraft to Belavia in the past. A spokesperson for the firm said it would not comment, but the company announced last September that it had delivered the last plane of a five-jet agreement to the carrier.

      Danish Foreign Minister Jeppe Kofod told POLITICO his government does not yet “have sufficient information to verify such claims” but said the case is being reviewed by Danish authorities.

      “But let me be clear: If Danish companies are involved in Lukashenko’s deliberate, malicious and cynical efforts to use migrants as a political weapon to try and put pressure on Lithuania and the EU, then that would of course be totally unacceptable and should be stopped immediately,” he said. “If European companies aid and abet the Lukashenko regime in this way, then I firmly believe we need to revisit our current sanctions in the EU.”

      SMBC Aviation Capital, a Dublin-based company that has previously leased aircraft to Belavia, said in an email on Wednesday that it had not been contacted by Irish or European authorities. The Irish government did not respond to a request for comment.

      https://www.politico.eu/article/belarus-migrant-flights-eu-sanctions-iraq-turkey

      #Irak #vol #vols

    • La Lituanie commence la construction d’une clôture à la frontière avec le Bélarus

      La Lituanie a entrepris la construction d’une clôture le long de sa frontière avec le Bélarus, accusé par Vilnius et Varsovie d’acheminer des migrants vers l’UE.

      C’est un mur de plus qui va être érigé en Europe, de plusieurs centaines de kilomètres de long.

      Tetas, une entreprise de construction qui fait partie du groupe énergétique public lituanien Epso-G a commencé à acheminer le matériel nécessaire à la construction d’une clôture de 111 kilomètres de long, a rapporté le radiodiffuseur public LRT.

      L’entreprise a aussi marqué les sections des points de contrôle frontaliers de Druskininkai, Barauskas et Adutiskis dans le sud-est de la Lituanie.

      Dans l’urgence, des barbelés accordéon vont être posés dans les sections clés ce mois d’octobre, puis la pose d’une clôture de 4 mètres de hauteur sera effectuée à partir de novembre/décembre, avec pour objectif de l’achever d’ici le mois d’avril 2022.
      500 km au total

      Mais ce tronçon de 111 kilomètres ne représente qu’une première étape. L’entreprise Epso-G prévoit de lancer un second appel d’offres dès cette semaine, pour la construction d’une section de 400 kilomètres qui doit être terminée d’ici septembre 2022.

      Le gouvernement lituanien, qui accuse Alexandre Loukachenko de mener une « guerre hybride » contre la Lituanie, a alloué 152 millions d’euros pour la construction d’une barrière de 508 kilomètres.

      La Lituanie a accueilli sur son sol des opposants au régime de Loukachenko et son parlement a reconnu Svetlana Tsikhanovskaïa comme la présidente légitime du Bélarus.

      A Varsovie aussi on s’inquiète des mouvements du voisin de l’est. La Biélorussie augmente la pression de l’émigration illégale vers les frontières de l’UE en acheminant « des dizaines de milliers d’immigrants dans son pays afin de les livrer à la frontière avec la Pologne », a assuré le premier ministre Mateusz Morawiecki.

      Tout le monde en Lituanie ne voit pas ce nouveau mur d’un bon œil.

      Dans une interview au « Courrier d’Europe centrale », l’eurodéputé et ancien ministre de la Défense lituanien Juozas Olekas estime que « Loukachenko est un leader illégitime qui […] utilise les migrants comme un mécanisme de pression sur l’Union européenne ».

      Pour autant, Juozas Olekas déclare : « Je ne suis pas favorable à l’érection de murs sur l’ensemble de la frontière et je pense qu’un travail diplomatique intensif, y compris avec les pays d’origine des migrants, ou de meilleures patrouilles, qui fonctionnent déjà, seraient des mesures plus efficaces. Je pense qu’il est inutile de paniquer, car ça ne sert jamais à rien, et que nous devrions nous concentrer sur des solutions à long terme ».

      https://courrierdeuropecentrale.fr/la-lituanie-commence-la-construction-dune-cloture-a-la-front

  • Auch Brüssel ist eine Hochburg des #Lobbyismus. Die Zeitung Brussel...
    https://diasp.eu/p/12803045

    Auch Brüssel ist eine Hochburg des #Lobbyismus. Die Zeitung Brussels Times plädierte in einigen Artikeln jüngst dafür, dass Politiker und Politikerinnen durchaus enge Verbindungen zu Konzernen unterhalten sollten. Das Magazin Politico hat herausgefunden, dass der angebliche Autor gar nicht existiert. (correctiv; engl.) https://www.politico.eu/article/sebastian-lewes-fake-identity-twitter-mystery-brussels-lobbyist-mep-industr

  • Denmark declares parts of Syria safe, pressuring refugees to return

    Denmark has stripped 94 Syrian refugees of their residency permits after declaring that Damascus and the surrounding area were safe. The Scandinavian nation is the first EU country to say that law-abiding refugees can be sent back to Syria.

    In Denmark, 94 Syrian refugees were stripped of their temporary residence permits, various British media reported this week. The move comes after the Danish government decided to extend the area of Syria it considers safe to include the Rif Dimashq Governorate – an area that includes the capital Damascus.

    According to the news platform Arab News, the Danish government said the 94 people will be sent to Danish deportation camps, but will not be forced to leave. Human rights groups however fear that the refugees will feel pressured to leave, even though their return is voluntary.

    The Danish immigration minister, Mattias Tesfaye, insisted last month that the Scandinavian country had been “open and honest from the start” about the situation of Syrian refugees, according to the British daily The Telegraph. “We have made it clear to the Syrian refugees that their residence permit is temporary. It can be withdrawn if protection is no longer needed,” the newspaper quoted Tesfaye as saying.

    The minister highlighted that Denmark would offer protection as long as needed but that “when conditions in the home country improve, a former refugee should return home and re-establish a life there.”
    ’Wreckless violation of duty’

    Last December, Germany’s deportation ban to Syria expired – but the only people now eligible for deportation are Syrian nationals who committed criminal offences or those deemed to pose a serious risk to public security. Denmark is the first European Union member to say that law-abiding refugees can be sent back to Syria.

    Human rights groups have strongly criticized the new Danish policy.

    “That the Danish government is seeking to force people back into the hands of this brutal regime is an appalling affront to refugee law and people’s right to be safe from persecution,” Steve Valdez-Symonds, refugee and migrant rights director at Amnesty International UK, told The Independent.

    “This reckless violation of Denmark’s duty to provide asylum also risks increasing incentives for other countries to abandon their own obligations to Syrian refugees,” he said.

    The organization Doctors without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières, MSF) told The Independent that they assume people sent back to the Rif Dimashq Governorate would face similar challenges to the ones that people in northern Syria are facing, “given the scale and duration of the Syrian conflict ​and the impact of the war on infrastructure and the health system.”

    A member from the rights group Refugees Welcome in Denmark told The Telegraph that the 94 Syrians who had their residency permits revoked are facing years of limbo. “The government hopes that they will go voluntarily, that they will just give up and go on their own,” Michala Bendixen said. She said Syrian refugees now face a “very, very tragic situation,” and will be forced from their homes, jobs and studies and into Danish deportation camps.
    Denmark’s anti-migrant stance

    About 900 Syrian refugees from the Damascus area had their temporary protection permits reassessed in Denmark last year, according the The Independent. The latest decision to declare the Rif Dimashq area as safe will mean that a further 350 Syrian nationals (of 1,250 Syrians in the country) will have to undergo reassessment which could lead to a revocation of their protection status and residency permits.

    The ruling center-left Social Democratic Party in Denmark has taken a strong anti-migration stance since coming into office in 2019. Recently, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said she wants to aim for “zero” asylum seekers applying to live in Denmark.

    Denmark last year saw the lowest number of asylum seekers since 1998, with 1,547 people applying.

    https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/30650/denmark-declares-parts-of-syria-safe-pressuring-refugees-to-return

    #safe_zones #zones_sures #zone_sure #retour_au_pays #renvois #expulsions #réfugié_syriens #Danemark

    –---

    voir aussi cette métaliste sur le retour ("volontaire" ou non) des réfugiés syriens en Syrie :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/904710

    • Denmark has gone far-right on refugees

      Copenhagen claims Damascus is safe enough to send nearly 100 Syrians back.

      What has happened to Denmark? Once renowned as a liberal, tolerant, open-minded society with respect for human rights and a strong and humane welfare state, we have now become the first country in Europe to revoke residence permits for Syrian refugees.

      Last week, Danish authorities ruled that the security situation around Damascus has improved, despite evidence of dire living conditions and continued persecution by Bashar al-Assad’s regime. As a result, they stripped 94 refugees of their right to stay in the country. Another recently introduced proposal would move all asylum applicants outside Denmark.

      In other words, Denmark — the first country to sign the U.N. Refugee Convention in 1951 — has now adopted an asylum policy that’s less like that of its Scandinavian neighbors than of nationalist countries like Austria or Hungary.

      Thankfully, nobody is being sent back to Syria anytime soon. Under the new system, refugees have to have lived in Denmark for at least 10 years for their attachment to the country to be considered strong enough for continued residence, no matter how hard they have worked or studied. However, it’s currently impossible to deport anyone back to Syria — Denmark won’t negotiate with Assad — and very few Syrians are willing to return voluntarily. So those who lose their residency permits will likely end up in Danish camps awaiting deportation or in other European countries.

      But the fact remains that Denmark is now passing laws with obviously discriminatory purposes, with politicians on both the left and right speaking about ethnic minorities and Muslims in terms that would be unimaginable in neighboring countries. Indeed, had this law been pushed forward by a hard-right government it might not have been surprising. But Denmark is currently governed by a left-wing coalition led by the Social Democrats. What, indeed, has happened to our country?

      The answer lies in a tug of war between the Social Democrats and the far-right Danish People’s Party. Though the Danish People’s Party has never been part of a government, its representatives have spent the past two decades using their mandates for a single purpose: They only vote for bills concerning other issues if they get restrictions on foreigners in return. Step by step, the Danish People’s Party has dragged all the other parties in their direction — none more so than the Social Democrats with whom they compete for working-class voters.

      In 2001, a right-wing government made the first radical restrictions for refugees and foreigners. And while the Social Democrats first opposed it, they soon changed their strategy to fend off the challenge from the Danish People’s Party. At first, not all Social Democrats agreed to the new hard-line policy, but the party gradually came to embrace it, along with the vast majority of their voters. Today the Danish People’s Party has become almost redundant. Their policies, once denounced as racist and extreme, have now become mainstream.

      Two years ago, the government passed legislation turning the concept of refugee protection upside down: It replaced efforts at long-term integration and equal rights with temporary stays, limited rights and a focus on deportation at the earliest possibility. Paradoxically, this came at a time when Denmark received the lowest number of refugees in 30 years, and integration had been going better than ever in terms of employment, education and language skills.

      Meanwhile, the Danish Refugee Appeals Board has been stripped of its experts and cut down to only three members including an employee from the ministry of immigration, thus making it not quite as independent as the government claims, but more in line with Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen who is pursuing a goal of having “zero asylum seekers.”

      Currently, Danish politicians are discussing a bill that is even more extreme than its predecessors: a loose and imprecise plan for a contract to transfer asylum seekers who arrive in Denmark to a non-European country (most likely in Africa), where their cases will be processed. If they are granted asylum, they will stay in that third country.

      The minister says it would make the asylum system more “humane and fair,” but Danish human rights organizations and the UNHCR say it will do precisely the opposite. The plan is essentially a new form of colonialism, paying others to take care of “unwanted” persons far away from Denmark, and not accepting even a small portion of the millions of refugees in the world.

      Fortunately, it seems like the right wing is so offended by the Social Democrats co-opting and expanding their policies that they will vote against it. But if it passes, the policy could have terrible consequences for collaboration within the European Union and on the international level.

      This game has gone too far. Most Danes are not racist or against human rights and solidarity. But it’s getting hard to see how we can find our way back.

      https://www.politico.eu/article/denmark-has-gone-far-right-on-refugees
      #Damas

    • ECRE | Danemark : élargissement des lieux considérés comme “sûrs” en Syrie

      La Commission danoise de recours des réfugiés a déclaré que la situation dans le Grand Damas était assez sûr pour pouvoir penser à un retour des personnes ayant fui le pays. 350 cas de ressortissant·es de cette région vont être réévalués.

      Nous publions l’article, originellement écrit en anglais et traduit par nos soins, paru le 5 mars 2021 sur le site du Conseil européen sur les réfugiés et les exilés (ECRE) : https://www.ecre.org/denmark-authorities-widen-the-areas-of-syria-considered-safe-for-return-to-inc. Sur le même sujet, retrouvez l’article “Denmark declares part of Syria safe, pressuring refugees to return” publié le 4 mars 2021 sur Infomigrants.net : https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/30650/denmark-declares-parts-of-syria-safe-pressuring-refugees-to-return

      –—

      Danemark : Les autorités élargissent les zones de Syrie considérées comme sûres pour les retours

      À travers trois décisions, la Commission danoise de recours des réfugiés (Flygtningenaevnet) a déclaré que la situation dans le gouvernorat de Rif Damas (le Grand Damas) était suffisamment sûre pour un retour, élargissant, ainsi, la zone géographique considérée comme étant en sécurité par les autorités danoises. En conséquence, la portée géographique des réévaluations des cas de ressortissants syriens a été élargie pour inclure les cas du grand Damas. Des centaines de cas doivent être réévalués par la Commission de recours en 2021.

      En décembre 2019, la Commission d’appel des réfugiés a confirmé les décisions de première instance du Service danois de l’immigration de rejeter les besoins de protection de trois femmes demandeuses d’asile originaires de Syrie. Ce rejet était fondé sur une prétendue amélioration de la situation générale en matière de sécurité dans la région de Damas depuis mai 2018, date à laquelle le régime d’Assad a repris le contrôle total de la région. Depuis lors, un certain nombre de dossiers ont été traités par le Service danois de l’immigration et la Commission de recours des réfugiés, aboutissant à la révocation ou à la non prolongation des permis de séjour. En février 2020, le gouvernement social-démocrate danois a confirmé au Parlement qu’en dépit de la prétendue amélioration de la situation sécuritaire à Damas, aucun retour forcé ne serait effectué car cela impliquerait une coopération directe avec le régime. Cependant, malgré l’absence de possibilité pratique de retour forcé, le ministre de l’immigration, Mattias Tesfaye, a demandé en juin 2020 une accélération des réévaluations des cas de centaines de ressortissants syriens de la région de Damas, soit sur le controversé statut de protection subsidiaire temporaire (section 7.3 de la loi danoise sur les étrangers), soit sur le statut de protection subsidiaire (section 7.2 de la loi danoise sur les étrangers).

      Les dernières décisions de la Commission d’appel de refuser l’extension de la protection dans deux cas et de rejeter l’asile dans un cas, représentent une expansion des zones considérées comme sûres pour le retour par les autorités danoises, incluant déjà Damas mais maintenant aussi le gouvernorat environnant. Il s’agit d’une zone qui est passée sous le contrôle du régime d’Assad en mars 2020. Le Conseil danois pour les réfugiés (DRC), membre de l’ECRE, qui fournit une assistance juridique aux demandeurs d’asile au Danemark et une aide humanitaire en Syrie, note que la Commission d’appel a pris une décision partagée, avec des avis divergents sur la durabilité de la prétendue amélioration de la situation sécuritaire. En outre, l’organisation note que les décisions ignorent les risques évidents liés aux retours forcés : “Les risques de persécution et d’abus sont grands pour les individus s’ils sont arrêtés par la police ou rencontrés par les autorités, d’innombrables rapports révèlent de graves violations des droits de l’homme sur la population civile. En particulier les personnes considérées comme suspectes en raison de leurs relations familiales ou de leurs affiliations politiques, mais même des choses aussi aléatoires qu’une erreur sur votre nom de famille à un point de contrôle peuvent vous conduire en prison”, déclare Eva Singer, responsable de l’asile à DRC. En même temps, le DRC souligne le fait qu’en raison du manque de coopération pratique entre les autorités syriennes et danoises concernant les retours forcés, il n’est pas possible pour les autorités danoises de renvoyer les Syriens – et donc les décisions ne peuvent être exécutées. Cela met en veilleuse la vie d’un groupe de personnes bien portantes travaillant au Danemark et de familles ayant des enfants dans des écoles danoises.

      Sur la base des décisions de la Commission d’appel, le service danois de l’immigration va maintenant réévaluer jusqu’à 350 cas concernant des ressortissants syriens de la campagne de Damas. Selon la Commission d’appel des réfugiés, 600 à 700 cas concernant l’ensemble de la région de Damas devraient être réévalués en 2021.

      Pour plus d’informations :

      – ECRE, Denmark : No Forced Returns to Syria, February 2020 : https://www.ecre.org/denmark-no-forced-returns-to-syria
      – ECRE : Denmark : Appeal Board Confirms Rejection of Protection for Three Syrian Nationals, December 2019 : https://www.ecre.org/denmark-appeal-board-confirms-rejection-of-protection-for-three-syrian-nationa
      – ECRE, Denmark : Appeal Board Overturns Withdrawals of Protection Status for Syrians, June 2019 : https://www.ecre.org/denmark-appeal-board-overturns-withdrawals-of-protection-status-for-syrians

      https://asile.ch/2021/03/12/ecre-danemark-elargissement-des-lieux-consideres-comme-surs-en-syrie

    • ’Tragic Situation’ : Syrian Refugees in Denmark Are Losing Their Residencies in Bulk

      A new Danish policy has come into effect as the government of Denmark has declared its intent to deport at least 94 Syrian refugees back to their home country, saying that the decision stems from the government’s belief that certain areas in Syria are no longer dangerous to live in.

      Despite stirring strong criticism from human rights groups and organization, the Danish government has defended its decision to deport Syrian refugees who hail from the Syrian capital and its surrounding areas, saying that “an asylum seeker loses their legal status once it is no longer risky for them to be back.”

      The backlash against statements made by the Danish Minister for Integration, Mattias Tesfaye, attacked the policy saying that most refugees have already been starting to integrate into the Danish society for years, they have acquired education, learned the language, and took decent jobs, and that the decision to send them back to Syria to live under the same political regime that persecuted them during the first years of the civil war is only going to leave them in limbo.

      Online people have also been posting photos of refugees who have received revocation letters along with personal stories, many of which show how successful they have been starting their lives in Denmark.

      Additionally, social media users have widely shared the story of Akram Bathiesh, a refugee who has died of a heart attack shortly after receiving the notification of his residency being canceled. According to his family and friends, Bathiesh was terrified of going back to Syria where he had been in prison for his political stances.

      Denmark is the first EU nation to decide to send Syrian refugees home alleging better circumstances for them in Syria. Previously, Germany had decided to send back Syrian refugees with criminal records in Germany.

      According to official records released in 2017, more than 40k Syrians were living legally in Denmark, including ones with temporary residency permits.

      https://www.albawaba.com/node/syrian-refugees-denmark

      #résidence #permis_de_séjour

    • Denmark strips Syrian refugees of residency permits and says it is safe to go home

      Government denies renewal of temporary residency status from about 189 Syrians

      Denmark has become the first European nation to revoke the residency permits of Syrian refugees, insisting that some parts of the war-torn country are safe to return to.

      At least 189 Syrians have had applications for renewal of temporary residency status denied since last summer, a move the Danish authorities said was justified because of a report that found the security situation in some parts of Syria had “improved significantly”.

      About 500 people originally from Damascus and surrounding areas were being re-evaluated.

      The issue has attracted widespread attention since 19-year-old Aya Abu-Daher, from Nyborg, pleaded her family’s case on television earlier this month, moving viewers as she asked, holding back tears, what she had “done wrong”.

      Charlotte Slente, secretary general of the Danish Refugee Council, said that Denmark’s new rules for Syrians amount to “undignified treatment”.

      “The Danish Refugee Council disagrees with the decision to deem the Damascus area or any area in Syria safe for refugees to return to – the absence of fighting in some areas does not mean that people can safely go back. Neither the UN nor other countries deem Damascus as safe.”

      After 10 years of war, Bashar al-Assad is back in control of most of Syria, and frontline fighting is limited to the north of the country. However, one of the main reasons people rose up during the Arab spring remains: his secret police.

      Regime intelligence branches have detained, tortured and “disappeared” more than 100,000 people since the war broke out in 2011. Arbitrary detentions are widespread in formerly rebel-held areas that have signed reconciliation agreements with Damascus, according to Human Rights Watch.

      Areas under the regime are unstable. There has been next to no rebuilding, services such as water and electricity are scarce, and last year’s collapse of the Syrian pound has sent food prices rocketing by 230%.

      Hiba al-Khalil, 28, who left home on the refugee trail through Turkey and Greece before settling in Denmark in 2015, said: “I told the interviewer, just being outside Syria for as long as I have is enough to make you look suspicious to the regime. Just because your city isn’t being bombed with chemicals anymore doesn’t make it safe … Anyone can be arrested.”

      The trainee journalist added: “I was so happy to get to Denmark. I came here to work and study and make a new life. I’ve learned the language very well. Now I am confused and shocked it was not enough.”

      Khalil had been called back for a second immigration interview this week, and was not sure what would happen next or how she would afford a lawyer to appeal if her application renewal were rejected.

      According to Refugees Welcome Denmark, 30 Syrians have already lost their appeals – but since Copenhagen does not have diplomatic relations with Damascus it cannot directly deport people to Syria.

      At least some of the rejected applicants have been placed in a detention centre, which campaigners said amounted to a prison where residents could not work, study or get proper healthcare.

      Syrian men are generally exempt from the new policy because the authorities recognise they are at risk of being drafted into the Syrian military or punished for evading conscription. The majority of affected people appear to be women and older people, many of whom face being separated from their children.

      The parents of Mahmoud al-Muhammed, 19, both in their late 60s, had their appeal to stay in Denmark rejected, despite the fact Muhammed’s father retired from the Syrian military in 2006 and threats were made against him when the family left the country.

      “They want to put my parents in a detention centre for maybe 10 years, before Assad is gone,” he said. “They both have health problems. This policy is cruel. It is designed to make us so desperate we have to leave.”

      Denmark is home to 5.8 million people, of which 500,000 are immigrants and 35,000 are Syrian.

      The Scandinavian country’s reputation for tolerance and openness has suffered in recent years with the rise of the far-right Danish People’s party. The centre-left coalition in government, led by the Social Democrats, is in competition with the right for working-class votes.

      The new stance on Syrian refugees stands in stark contrast to neighbouring Germany and Sweden, where it is much easier for the larger Syrian populations to gain permanent residency and eventually citizenship.

      As well as stripping Syrians of their residency permits, the Danish government has also offered funding of about £22,000 per person for voluntary returnees. However, worried for their safety, in 2020 just 137 refugees took up the offer.

      Danish authorities have so far dismissed growing international criticism of the new policies from the UN and rights groups.

      The immigration minister, Mattias Tesfaye, told Agence France-Presse: “The government’s policy is working and I won’t back down, it won’t happen. We have made it clear to the Syrian refugees that their residence permit is temporary and that the permit can be revoked if the need for protection ceases to exist.”

      “It is pointless to remove people from the life they are trying to build in Denmark and put them in a waiting position without an end date,” Slente of the Danish Refugee Council said. “It is also difficult to understand why decisions are taken that cannot be implemented.”

      https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/14/denmark-revokes-syrian-refugee-permits-under-new-policy

    • ‘Zero asylum seekers’: Denmark forces refugees to return to Syria

      Under a more hostile immigration system, young volunteers fight to help fellow refugees stay – but their work is never done

      Maryam Awad is 22 and cannot remember the last time she had a good night’s sleep. It was probably before her application to renew her residency permit as a refugee in Denmark was rejected two years ago, she says.

      Before 2015, Awad’s family lived in a small town outside Damascus, but fled to Denmark after her older brother was detained by the regime. The family have been living in Aarhus, a port city in northern Denmark, for eight years.

      Awad and her younger sister are the only family members facing deportation. Their situation is far from unique. In 2019, the Danish government notified about 1,200 refugees from the Damascus region that their residency permits would not be renewed.

      Unlike the United Nations and EU, Denmark judged the region to be safe for refugees to return. However, as men could be drafted into the army and older women often have children enrolled in Danish schools, the new policy predominantly affects young women and elderly people.

      Lisa Blinkenberg, of Amnesty International Denmark, said: “In 2015, we have seen a legislative change which means that the residency permit of refugees can be withdrawn due to changes in their home country, but the change does not have to be fundamental. Then in 2019 the Danish immigration services decided that the violence in Damascus has stopped and that Syrians could be returned there.”

      Blinkenberg says Denmark’s policy towards asylum seekers and refugees has become notably more hostile in recent years. “In 2019, the Danish prime minister declared that Denmark wanted ‘zero asylum seekers’. That was a really strong signal,” she says.

      “Like in other European countries, there has been a lot of support for rightwing parties in Denmark. This has sent a strong signal for the government to say: ‘OK, Denmark will not be a welcoming country for refugees or asylum seekers.’”

      Awad smiles, briefly, for the first time when she receives a phone call from her lawyer. He tells her there is now a date set for her appeal with the refugee board. It will be her last chance to prolong her residency permit.

      She had been waiting for this phone call since February. “I am really nervous, but happy that it is happening,” she says. “I am glad that I had the support from friends who put me in touch with volunteers. If it wasn’t for them, I wouldn’t know what to do.”

      One of the volunteers Awad has received help from is Rahima Abdullah, 21, a fellow Syrian refugee and leader of the Danish Refugee Youth Council. Over the past two years Abdullah had almost single-handedly built a network of opposition to deportations targeting Syrians.

      “I have lost count of how many cases I worked on. Definitely over 100, maybe even 200,” Abdullah says.

      Abdullah, who grew up in a Kurdish family in Aleppo, first became politically active at 16 after her family sought refuge in Denmark. She has been regularly publishing opinion pieces in Danish newspapers and built a profile as a refugee activist.

      “The image of immigration in Danish media was very negative. I could see everyone talking about it but felt as if I didn’t have a voice. That’s why I decided to become an activist,” she says.

      In 2019, Abudullah and a classmate, Aya Daher, were propelled to the front pages of Danish media, after Daher found herself among hundreds of Syrians threatened with deportation.

      “Aya called me up, scared, crying that her application was rejected. Before we were thinking about finishing school, about exams and parties, but suddenly we were only concentrating on Aya’s future and her safety,” Abdullah recalls.

      “I posted her story on Facebook and I sent it to two journalists and went to sleep. In the morning I found that it was shared 4,000 times.”

      The story was picked up by local and international media, sparking a public outcry. Following her appeal to the Danish Refugee Board, Daher’s residency was extended for an additional two years on the grounds that her public profile would put her in danger from the Assad regime.

      “They gave me a residency permit because I was in the media. They did not believe in what I said about my situation and the dangers I would face in Syria. That really hurt,” Daher says. “I hope I don’t have to go through this process again.”

      “Aya can get on with her life now, but I am still doing the same work for other people in the same position,” Abdullah says. “Her case showed refugees that, if you get media attention and support from society, you can stay in Denmark.”

      Abdullah gets up to five messages a day from refugees hoping she can help them catch the attention of the media. “I have to choose who to help – sometimes I pass people on to other activists. There are two or three people helping me,” she says. “It gets hard to be a young person with school and a social life, with all that work.”

      But not everyone is as appealing to the media as Daher. The people whose stories pass unnoticed keep Abdullah up at night.

      “I worked with one family, a couple with young children. I managed to get them one press interview in Sweden, but it wasn’t enough,” Abudullah says. “The husband is now in Germany with two of the children trying to get asylum there. The wife stayed here with one child. She messaged me on Facebook and said: ‘You did not help us, you destroyed our life.’ I can’t be angry at her – I can’t imagine how she feels.

      “Aya’s story was the first of its kind at the time. Additionally, Danish media like to see an outspoken young woman from the Middle East, who is integrated into society, gets an education, and speaks Danish,” Abdullah says. “And this was just an ordinary Syrian family. The woman didn’t speak good Danish and the children were quite young.

      “Aya also doesn’t wear a hijab, which I think made some people more sympathetic towards her,” Abdullah adds. “There are people in Denmark who think that if you wear the hijab you’re not integrated into society. This makes me sad and angry – it shouldn’t be this way.”

      Daher, who became the face of young Syrian refugees in Denmark, says: “It was very difficult to suddenly be in the media, and be someone that many people recognise. I felt like I was responsible for a lot of people.

      “I had a lot of positive reactions from people and from my classmates, but there have also been negative comments.” she says. “One man came up to me on the street and said ‘go back to your country, you Muslim. You’re stealing our money.’

      “I respect that some people don’t want me to be here. There’s nothing more I can do about that,” Daher says. “They have not been in Syria and they have not been in the war – I can’t explain it to them.”

      Awad hopes she can return to the life she had to put on hold two years ago. “I don’t know how to prepare for the appeal. All I can do is say the truth,” she says. “If I go back to Syria they will detain me.” She hopes this will be enough to persuade the board to allow her appeal.

      “I planned to study medicine in Copenhagen before my residency application was rejected. I wanted to be a doctor ever since I came to Denmark,” she says. The uncertainty prompted her to get a qualification as a health assistant by working in a care home. “I just want my life back.”

      https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/may/25/zero-asylum-seekers-denmark-forces-refugees-to-return-to-syria?CMP=Shar

  • Automated racism : How tech can entrench bias
    https://www.politico.eu/article/automated-racism-how-tech-can-entrench-bias

    Dutch benefits scandal highlights need for EU scrutiny. In the run-up to parliamentary elections in the Netherlands this month, center-right and extreme right parties are outdoing one another in calling for a surveillance state that will come down on marginalized and minority groups in all its might. This should send alarm bells ringing in Brussels and beyond. The party of Prime Minister Mark Rutte, projected to emerge as the election winner, doesn’t appear to have learned any lessons (...)

    #algorithme #racisme #fraude #biais #discrimination #pauvreté #surveillance

    ##pauvreté

  • Spricht man über eingeschränkte Pressefreiheit innerhalb der EU, de...
    https://diasp.eu/p/12486818

    Spricht man über eingeschränkte Pressefreiheit innerhalb der EU, denkt man normalerweise an #Ungarn. Aber auch in #Slowenien gibt es einen Ministerpräsidenten, der gegen die #Medien kämpft: Janez Jansa, der 2020 erneut an die Macht kam. (piqd) https://www.politico.eu/article/slovenia-war-on-media-janez-jansa

  • WhatsApp facing up to €50M privacy fine
    https://www.politico.eu/article/whatsapp-privacy-fine-data-protection-europe-50-million

    The draft penalty would be one of the largest under the European Union’s data protection rules. Facebook-owned messaging app WhatsApp could be fined up to €50 million over violations of the European Union’s data protection rules, according to three people with direct knowledge of the procedure who spoke with POLITICO. The preliminary penalty — the figure is now under consultation with the bloc’s other data protection agencies — would be one of the largest-ever fines under the EU’s General Data (...)

    #Facebook #Instagram #WhatsApp #domination #BigData #[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données_(RGPD)[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR)[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR) #CNIL (...)

    ##[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données__RGPD_[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_ ##consentement

  • Pour la mise en œuvre, désastreuse, de sa politique vaccinale, l’exécutif a fait appel à quatre cabinets de #consultance : #McKinsey, #Accenture, #Citwell et #JLL ; une pratique devenue commune par indifférenciation graduelle des sphères privées et publiques.

    https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2021/01/07/vaccination-anti-covid-le-gouvernement-a-fait-appel-a-quatre-cabinets-de-con

    Ces cabinets n’ont pas la moindre compétence scientifique et leurs compétences gestionnaires sont sensiblement celles de la #haute_fonction_publique : devenue très faibles avec le développement du #management.
    https://www.politico.eu/article/french-government-defends-mckinsey-coronavirus-vaccine-rollout

    Le nom du #marché_public de 20 millions € avec McKinsey porte un nom explicite, la "transformation de l’action publique" étant le nom de l’importation des méthodes désastreuses du nouveau management dans le champ de l’Etat.
    https://www.boamp.fr/avis/detail/18-85473/1
    voir aussi :
    https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:268753-2018:TEXT:FR:HTML

    D’après le Canard, c’est @MaeldeCalan qui représentait @McKinsey_France à la réunion du 23 décembre dernier pour présenter le plan de #vaccination dont la médiocrité est apparue rapidement : 7000, hier, soit 45 fois moins qu’en Allemagne.

    #Maël_de_La_Lande (HEC, Science Po’) n’a rigoureusement aucune compétence scientifique. Il s’agit d’une figure de la droite conservatrice proche de l’#Institut_Montaigne, qui a apporté une large part des cadres macroniste — son directeur abritait "EM".
    https://www.consultor.fr/devenir-consultant/actualite-du-conseil/6307-elu-et-consultant-mckinsey-pour-le-vaccin-covid-un-stratege-ministeri

    Comment "#Baby-Juppé" (sic) a-t-il pu raté à ce point le « cadrage logistique », le « benchmarking » des « best practices » à l’étranger et la « coordination opérationnelle de la #task_force » ?

    Les étapes du #fiasco en quatre unes de la Pravda macroniste.

    Quel est le rôle de McKinsey dans le #lobbying en faveur de #Sanofi opéré dans les négociations européennes : contrat de 300 millions de doses de #vaccin en septembre, puis véto contre l’achat de 200+100 millions de doses de vaccins #Pfizer/#BioNTech ?

    https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/the-planning-disaster-germany-and-europe-could-fall-short-on-vaccine-supplie

    Quelle est la part du #retard dans la #campagne_de_vaccination due à une politique de recherche globalement désastreuse, qui a conduit à miser envers et contre tout sur #Sanofi ? Et quelle part vient de l’incapacité de l’exécutif à mettre en œuvre et gérer ?


    https://twitter.com/VidalFrederique/status/1345344588588969984

    McKinsey avait récemment été mandaté obtenir la création d’une agence de désinformation scientifique (un "#Science_Media_Center") au service du lobbying agro-industriel.

    https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2020/09/22/l-information-scientifique-sous-tutelle-d-une-agence-de-communication_605309

    Les aller-retours entre McKinsey et l’Etat, caractéristiques de la mutation en cours de la haute fonction publique, ont été dans les deux sens. Ainsi, #Labaye, passé du comité de direction mondial du groupe à la présidence de Polytechnique.
    https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/un-associe-de-mckinsey-a-la-tete-de-polytechnique-136118

    Ainsi, dans l’autre sens, #Mathieu_Maucort (Science Po’, HEC) — les "yeux et les oreilles de Macron à Marseille" — passé de McKinsey au poste de responsable du marketing politique d’En Marche.

    https://twitter.com/Pr_Logos/status/1347255977297506304

    #consulting #privatisation #Maël_de_Calan #macronisme #LREM

    ping @simplicissimus

  • Belgian secretary of state accidentally reveals EU vaccine prices – POLITICO
    https://www.politico.eu/article/belgian-secretary-of-state-accidentally-reveals-eu-vaccine-prices

    According to the screenshot published by HLN, the EU is spending between €1.78 and $18 per coronavirus vaccine. The price per dose listed for each of the six vaccines was as follows:

    Oxford/AstraZeneca: €1.78
    Johnson & Johnson, $8.50
    Sanofi/GSK: €7.56
    BioNTech/Pfizer: €12
    CureVac: €10
    Moderna: $18
    Belgium will purchase more than 33 million vaccines for a total of €279 million.

    De Blecker said that publication of the price breakdown was “a mistake on the part of the communications team,” according to HLN.

  • Perché l’università delle piattaforme è la fine dell’università

    Un gruppo di docenti di alcune università italiane ha scritto una lettera aperta sulle conseguenze dell’uso di piattaforme digitali proprietarie nella didattica a distanza. Auspichiamo che si apra al più presto una discussione sul futuro dell’educazione e che gli investimenti di cui si discute in queste settimane vengano utilizzati per la creazione di un’infrastruttura digitale pubblica per scuole e università.

    Care colleghe e cari colleghi, care studentesse e cari studenti,

    come certamente sapete, le scuole e le università italiane, da quando è iniziata l’emergenza COVID, per ragioni inizialmente comprensibili, si sono affidate per la gestione della didattica a distanza (esami inclusi) a piattaforme e strumenti proprietari, appartenenti, perlopiù, alla galassia cosiddetta “GAFAM” (Google, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft e Amazon: https://gafam.info). Esistono poche eccezioni, come il Politecnico di Torino, che ha adottato soluzioni non-proprietarie (https://www.coronavirus.polito.it/didattica_online/supporto_tecnico_alla_didattica_online/linee_guida_e_vademecum_tecnici) e autoprodotte. Tuttavia, il 16 luglio 2020 la Corte di Giustizia Europea ha emanato una sentenza (https://www.garanteprivacy.it/documents/10160/0/FAQ+dell%27EDPB+sulla+sentenza+della+Corte+di+giustizia+dell%27Unione+europea+nella+causa+C-311_18.pdf/d2f928b2-ab57-ae7c-8f17-390664610d2c?version=3.0) molto importante, dove, in sintesi, si afferma che le imprese statunitensi non garantiscono la privacy degli utenti secondo il regolamento europeo sulla protezioni dei dati, conosciuto come #GDPR (#General_Data_Protection_Regulation: https://gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr). Dunque allo stato tutti i trasferimenti di dati da UE a Stati Uniti devono essere considerati non conformi alla direttiva europea e perciò illegittimi.

    Sul tema è in corso un dibattito a livello comunitario e il Garante Europeo ha esplicitamente invitato “istituzioni, uffici, agenzie e organi dell’Unione europea a evitare trasferimenti di dati personali verso gli Stati Uniti per nuove operazioni di trattamento o in caso di nuovi contratti con fornitori di servizi” (https://www.key4biz.it/il-garante-privacy-europeo-non-usare-i-cloud-provider-usa-conformarsi-alla-sentenza-schrems-ii/328472). Mentre il garante irlandese ha direttamente vietato (https://www.politico.eu/article/facebook-privacy-data-us) i trasferimenti dei dati degli utenti Facebook verso gli Stati Uniti. Alcuni studi (http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/06/04/emergency-remote-teaching-a-study-of-copyright-and-data-p) infine sottolineano come la maggioranza della piattaforme commerciali usate durante la “didattica emergenziale” (in primis G-Suite: https://www.agendadigitale.eu/scuola-digitale/liberiamo-la-scuola-dai-servizi-cloud-usa-lettera-aperta-ai-presidi) pongano seri problemi legali e documentano una “sistematica violazione dei principi di trasparenza.”

    In questa difficile situazione, varie organizzazioni, tra cui (come diremo sotto) alcuni docenti universitari, stanno cercando di sensibilizzare scuole e università italiane ad adeguarsi alla sentenza, nell’interesse non solo di docenti e studenti, che hanno il diritto di studiare, insegnare e discutere senza essere sorvegliati (https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/4/21241062/schools-cheating-proctorio-artificial-intelligence), profilati e schedati, ma delle istituzioni stesse. I rischi legati a una didattica appaltata a multinazionali che fanno dei nostri dati ciò che vogliono non sono, infatti, solo economici e culturali, ma anche legali: chiunque, in questa situazione, potrebbe sporgere reclamo al garante della privacy a danno dell’istituzione in cui ci troviamo a lavorare.

    La questione va però al di là del diritto alla privatezza nostra e dei nostri studenti. Nella rinnovata emergenza COVID sappiamo che vi sono enormi interessi economici (https://www.roars.it/online/dematerializzazioni-algoritmi-e-profitti) in ballo e che le piattaforme digitali, che in questi mesi hanno moltiplicato i loro fatturati (si veda lo studio (https://www.mbres.it/sites/default/files/resources/rs_WebSoft2020_presentazione.pdf) pubblicato a ottobre da Mediobanca), hanno la forza e il potere per plasmare il futuro dell’educazione in tutto il mondo. Un esempio è quello che sta accadendo nella scuola con il progetto nazionale “#Smart_Class” (https://www.istruzione.it/pon), finanziato con fondi UE dal Ministero dell’Istruzione. Si tratta di un pacchetto preconfezionato di “didattica integrata” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPPhUL8MIPs&feature=youtu.be

    ) dove i contenuti (di tutte le materie) li mette Pearson, il software Google e l’hardware è Acer-Chrome Book. (Per inciso, Pearson è il secondo editore al mondo (https://www.publishersweekly.com/binary-data/Global502019.pdf), con un fatturato di oltre 4 miliardi e mezzo di euro nel 2018.) E per le scuole che aderiscono non è possibile acquistare altri prodotti…

    Infine, sebbene possa apparirci fantascienza, oltre a stabilizzare la teledidattica proprietaria (https://www.roars.it/online/teledidattica-proprietaria-e-privata-o-libera-e-pubblica) come “offerta”, si parla già (https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2020/06/08/artificial-intelligence-in-education-transformation) di intelligenze artificiali che “affiancheranno” i docenti nel loro lavoro.

    Per tutte queste ragioni un gruppo di docenti di varie università italiane ha deciso di reagire.

    La loro e nostra iniziativa non è al momento finalizzata a presentare un reclamo immediato al garante, ma ad evitarlo, permettendo a docenti e studenti di creare spazi di discussione e indurre a rettificare scelte che coinvolgono la loro libertà d’insegnamento e il loro diritto allo studio. Solo se la risposta istituzionale sarà insufficiente o assente, ricorreremo, come extrema ratio, al reclamo al garante della privacy. In tal caso il primo passo sarà sfruttare la “falla” aperta dalla sentenza della corte UE per spingere il garante italiano a intervenire (invero lo aveva già fatto #Antonello_Soro (https://www.key4biz.it/soro-al-parlamento-infrastruttura-cloud-pubblica-non-piu-eludibile-per-lindipendenza-dai-poteri-privati/311412), ma è rimasto inascoltato). Lo scopo di queste azioni non è certamente quello di “bloccare” le piattaforme che erogano la didattica a distanza e chi le usa, ma spingere il governo a investire finalmente nella creazione di un’infrastruttura pubblica e basata su software libero (https://www.agendadigitale.eu/sicurezza/leuropa-post-privacy-shield-e-lopen-source-la-via-per-uscire-dal-colo) per la comunicazione scientifica e didattica. Esistono vari modelli (vedi quello proposto qui: https://infolet.it/files/2020/11/FACSIMILE-MODULO-DOCENTI-PRIVACY_pdf.pdf) ai quali ispirarsi, per esempio in Francia (http://apps.education.fr), ma anche in Spagna (https://cedec.intef.es/proyecto-edia), ecc. e la stessa UNESCO nel 2019 ha approvato una Raccomandazione (https://en.unesco.org/news/new-unesco-recommendation-will-promote-access-educational-resources-all) per l’uso di risorse e strumenti aperti in ambito educativo.

    Come dicevamo sopra, prima di arrivare al garante nazionale è necessario una tappa preliminare. Ciascuno deve scrivere al responsabile del trattamento dati richiedendo alcune informazioni (qui il fac-simile di modulo per docenti che abbiamo preparato: https://infolet.it/files/2020/11/FACSIMILE-MODULO-DOCENTI-PRIVACY_pdf.pdf). Se non si riceverà risposta entro trenta giorni, o se la risposta è considerata insoddisfacente, si potrà procedere col reclamo al garante nazionale. A quel punto, il discorso cambierà, perché il reclamo al garante potrà essere fatto non solo da singoli, ma da gruppi o associazioni. È importante sottolineare che, anche in questo evitabile scenario, la domanda al responsabile del trattamento dati non può essere assolutamente interpretata come una “protesta” contro il proprio ateneo, ma come un tentativo di renderlo, per tutti e tutte, un ambiente di lavoro e di studi migliore, adeguandosi alle norme europee.

    https://infolet.it/2020/11/10/perche-luniversita-delle-piattaforme-e-la-fine-delluniversita

    #université #enseignement_à_distance #gafa #vie_privée #protection_des_données #business #GAFAM #cour_de_justice_européenne #CJUE #enseignement #ESR #distanciel

    ping @etraces

    • Why basing universities on digital platforms will lead to their demise
      (All links removed. They can be found in the original post – English Translation by Desmond Schmidt)

      A group of professors from Italian universities have written an open letter on the consequences of using proprietary digital platforms in distance learning. They hope that a discussion on the future of education will begin as soon as possible and that the investments discussed in recent weeks will be used to create a public digital infrastructure for schools and universities.

      Dear colleagues and students,

      as you already know, since the COVID-19 emergency began, Italian schools and universities have relied on proprietary platforms and tools for distance learning (including exams), which are mostly produced by the “GAFAM” group of companies (Google, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft and Amazon). There are a few exceptions, such as the Politecnico di Torino, which has adopted instead its own custom-built solutions. However, on July 16, 2020 the European Court of Justice issued a very important ruling, which essentially says that US companies do not guarantee user privacy in accordance with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). As a result, all data transfers from the EU to the United States must be regarded as non-compliant with this regulation, and are therefore illegal.

      A debate on this issue is currently underway in the EU, and the European Authority has explicitly invited “institutions, offices, agencies and organizations of the European Union to avoid transfers of personal data to the United States for new procedures or when securing new contracts with service providers.” In fact the Irish Authority has explicitly banned the transfer of Facebook user data to the United States. Finally, some studies underline how the majority of commercial platforms used during the “educational emergency” (primarily G-Suite) pose serious legal problems and represent a “systematic violation of the principles of transparency.”

      In this difficult situation, various organizations, including (as stated below) some university professors, are trying to help Italian schools and universities comply with the ruling. They do so in the interests not only of the institutions themselves, but also of teachers and students, who have the right to study, teach and discuss without being surveilled, profiled and catalogued. The inherent risks in outsourcing teaching to multinational companies, who can do as they please with our data, are not only cultural or economic, but also legal: anyone, in this situation, could complain to the privacy authority to the detriment of the institution for which they are working.

      However, the question goes beyond our own right, or that of our students, to privacy. In the renewed COVID emergency we know that there are enormous economic interests at stake, and the digital platforms, which in recent months have increased their turnover (see the study published in October by Mediobanca), now have the power to shape the future of education around the world. An example is what is happening in Italian schools with the national “Smart Class” project, financed with EU funds by the Ministry of Education. This is a package of “integrated teaching” where Pearson contributes the content for all the subjects, Google provides the software, and the hardware is the Acer Chromebook. (Incidentally, Pearson is the second largest publisher in the world, with a turnover of more than 4.5 billion euros in 2018.) And for the schools that join, it is not possible to buy other products.

      Finally, although it may seem like science fiction, in addition to stabilizing proprietary distance learning as an “offer”, there is already talk of using artificial intelligence to “support” teachers in their work.

      For all these reasons, a group of professors from various Italian universities decided to take action. Our initiative is not currently aimed at presenting an immediate complaint to the data protection officer, but at avoiding it, by allowing teachers and students to create spaces for discussion and encourage them to make choices that combine their freedom of teaching with their right to study. Only if the institutional response is insufficient or absent, we will register, as a last resort, a complaint to the national privacy authority. In this case the first step will be to exploit the “flaw” opened by the EU court ruling to push the Italian privacy authority to intervene (indeed, the former President, Antonello Soro, had already done so, but received no response). The purpose of these actions is certainly not to “block” the platforms that provide distance learning and those who use them, but to push the government to finally invest in the creation of a public infrastructure based on free software for scientific communication and teaching (on the model of what is proposed here and
      which is already a reality for example in France, Spain and other European countries).

      As we said above, before appealing to the national authority, a preliminary stage is necessary. Everyone must write to the data protection officer (DPO) requesting some information (attached here is the facsimile of the form for teachers we have prepared). If no response is received within thirty days, or if the response is considered unsatisfactory, we can proceed with the complaint to the national authority. At that point, the conversation will change, because the complaint to the national authority can be made not only by individuals, but also by groups or associations. It is important to emphasize that, even in this avoidable scenario, the question to the data controller is not necessarily a “protest” against the institution, but an attempt to turn it into a better working and study environment for everyone, conforming to European standards.

      https://theoreti.ca/?p=7684

  • France attacks religion secularism radicalism blasphemy
    –-> article retiré:


    https://www.politico.eu/article/france-attacks-religion-secularism-radicalism-blasphemy-islam

    –—

    Copié ici:

    Another string of jihadist attacks has shaken France. The most recent, at a church in Nice, left three people dead, only two weeks after a teacher was beheaded on the outskirts of Paris after he displayed cartoons of the prophet Mohammed in his classroom.

    Why is France targeted, over and over again, by violent extremists? Germany, England, Italy and even Denmark — where cartoons of controversial Mohammed were first published — have not seen comparable violence.

    The reason is simple: France’s extreme form of secularism and its embrace of blasphemy, which has fueled radicalism among a marginalized minority.

    Specifically, the latest round of violence follows the decision earlier this month by the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo to mark the beginning of a trial over a murderous attack on its newsroom in 2015 by republishing the blasphemous cartoons of Mohammed that prompted the original assault.

    This duo — radical secularism and religious radicalism — have been engaged in a deadly dance ever since.

    Traditionally, French secularism requires the state to be neutral and calls for respect for religions in the public space, in order to avoid the rise of religious intolerance.

    In modern times, however, it has become something far more extreme. The moderate secularism that prevailed as recently as the 1970s has been replaced with something more like a civil religion.

    It’s a belief system that has its own priests (government ministers), its pontiff (the president of the republic), its acolytes (intellectuals) and its heretics (anyone who calls for a less antagonistic attitude toward Islam is rejected and branded an “Islamo-leftist”).

    One of the defining features of this new secularism is the promotion of religious blasphemy — and, in particular, its extreme expression in the form of caricatures like those of Mohammed.

    This embrace was on full display following the murder of the teacher who showed cartoons of Mohammed in his classes, when many French intellectuals came out in praise of blasphemy and defended the government’s unequivocal defense of the right to free expression.

    They should have considered their words more carefully.

    In Western Europe the right to blaspheme is legally recognized. But it is one thing to protect the freedom to blaspheme and another to enthusiastically exhort blasphemy, as is the case in France.

    Blasphemy is a non-argumentative and sarcastic form of free speech. It should be used, at best, with moderation in a country where between 6 percent and 8 percent of the population is Muslim, most of whose parents or grandparents emigrated from French colonies in North Africa.

    Defenders of blasphemy invoke freedom of expression, but what blasphemy does, in fact, is trap France in a vicious cycle of reactivity to jihadist terror that makes it less free and less autonomous.

    The immoderate use of caricatures in name of the right to blaspheme ultimately undermines public debate: It stigmatizes and humiliates even the most moderate or secular Muslims, many of whom do not understand French secularists’ obsessive focus on Islam, the veil, daily prayers or Islamic teachings.

    The result is a harmful cycle: provocation, counter-provocation, and a society’s descent into hell. As French secularism has become radicalized, the number of jihadist attacks in the country has multiplied.

    French secularists claim to be fighting for freedom of expression. As they do so, innocent people are dying, Muslims around the world are rejecting French values and boycotting the country’s products, and French Muslims are facing restrictions on their freedom of expression in the name of thwarting Islamist propaganda.

    France is paying a heavy price for its fundamentalist secularism, both inside and outside its own borders.

    https://www.1news.info/european-news/france-s-dangerous-religion-of-secularism-798875

    #Farhad_Khosrokhavar #terrorisme #religion #sécularisme #blasphème #extrémisme #France #violence #minorité_marginalisée #radicalisme #radicalisation #Charlie_Hebdo #radicalisme_religieux #sécularisme_radical #religion_civile #islamo-gauchisme #caricatures #liberté_d'expression #débat_public #provocation #contre-provocation #sécularisme_fondamentaliste

    ping @karine4 @cede @isskein

    • « On a oublié le rôle de l’#humiliation dans l’Histoire », par #Olivier_Abel

      Pour le philosophe, « en sacralisant les #caricatures, nous sommes devenus incapables de percevoir ce que les Grecs anciens désignaient par le #tragique ».

      Quel rapport entre les crimes abjects des djihadistes, le danger que représentent à certains égards les « réseaux sociaux » pour la démocratie et la civilité, la question de la liberté d’expression et du blasphème, le durcissement quasi-guerrier de la laïcité, les gilets jaunes, les majorités dangereuses qui ont porté Trump ou Erdogan au pouvoir, et qui poussent à nos portes ? Nous ne comprenons pas ce qui nous arrive, ces colères qui montent en miroir sans plus rien chercher à comprendre, nous ne savons et sentons plus ce que nous faisons. Je voudrais proposer ici une hypothèse.

      Nous avons globalement fait fausse route. Le drame des caricatures n’est que la partie visible d’un énorme problème. Nous nous sommes enfoncés dans le #déni de l’humiliation, de son importance, de sa gravité, de son existence même. Nous sommes sensibles aux #violences, comme aux #inégalités, mais insensibles à l’humiliation qui les empoisonne. Comme l’observait le philosophe israélien Avishaï Margalit, nous n’imaginons même pas ce que serait une société dont les institutions (police, préfectures, administrations, prisons, hôpitaux, écoles, etc.) seraient non-humiliantes. Dans l’état actuel de rétrécissement des ressources planétaires, on aura beaucoup de mal à faire une société plus juste, mais pourquoi déjà ne pas essayer une société moins humiliante ?

      Ni quantifiable, ni mesurable

      Il faut dire que l’humiliation est une notion – et une réalité - compliquée. L’#offense est subjective, et dépend au moins autant de ceux qui la reçoivent que de ceux qui l’émettent. Ce qui humiliera l’un laissera l’autre indifférent, et cela dépend même du moment où ça tombe. L’humiliation n’est pas quantifiable, mesurable, comme le sont les coups et blessures. D’où la tentation de dire que là où il n’y a pas de #dommage ni #préjudice il n’y a pas de #tort. Ce n’est pas une affaire de #droit mais seulement de #sentiment ou de #morale personnelle, donc circulez, il n’y a rien à dire.

      Et pourtant… Si les violences s’attaquent au #corps de l’autre, dans ses capacités et sa #vulnérabilité, l’humiliation fait encore pire : elle s’attaque au visage de l’autre, dans son #estime et son #respect_de_soi : elle le fait blanchir ou rougir, et souvent les deux en même temps.

      Car l’humiliation se présente de deux façons, en apparence contradictoires. Par un côté, elle porte atteinte à l’estime de soi, en faisant #honte à l’individu de son expression, de ce qu’il voudrait montrer et faire valoir, elle le rabroue et l’exclut du cercle de ceux qui sont autorisés à parler. Mais, par un autre côté, elle porte atteinte également au #respect et à la #pudeur, en dévoilant ce qui voulait se cacher, en forçant l’individu à montrer ce qui constitue sa réserve, en le surexposant au #regard_public, en lui interdisant de se retirer.

      L’humiliation s’attaque au sujet parlant. Les humains ne se nourrissent pas de pain et de cirques seulement, mais de #paroles_vives en vis-à-vis : ils n’existent qu’à se reconnaître mutuellement comme des sujets parlants, crédités comme tels, et reconnus dans leur crédibilité. L’humiliation fait taire le sujet parlant, elle lui fait honte de son expression, elle ruine sa confiance en soi.

      Quand le faible est trop faible

      Elle peut également atteindre des formes de vie, des minorités langagières, sexuelles, raciales, religieuses, sociales, etc. Il peut même arriver qu’une majorité endormie dans sa complaisance soit humiliée par une minorité active. Elle devient ce que j’appelais plus haut une majorité « dangereuse », pour elle-même et pour les autres.

      Une #parole_humiliée devient sujette à ces deux maladies du langage que sont la #dévalorisation ou la #survalorisation de soi. Ou, pour le dire autrement : la #dérision ou le #fanatisme. Commençons par la genèse du fanatisme. Simone Weil avait proposé d’expliquer les affaires humaines par cette loi : « on est toujours #barbares avec les faibles ». Il faudrait donc que nul ne soit laissé trop faible et sans aucun #contre-pouvoir, et que le plus fort soit suffisamment « déprotégé » pour rester sensible au faible, bon gagnant si je puis dire, et conscient qu’il ne sera pas toujours le plus fort.

      Mais quand le faible est trop faible pour infliger quelque tort que ce soit au plus fort, le pacte politique posé par Hobbes est rompu. Les faibles n’ont plus rien à perdre, ne sont plus tenus par le souci de la sécurité des biens et des corps, il ne leur reste que l’au-delà et ils basculent dans le #sacrifice_de_soi, dans une parole portée à la folie. Ici la #religion vient juste au dernier moment pour habiller, nommer, justifier cette mutation terrible.

      « C’est à l’humiliation que répond la #barbarie »

      La violence appelle la violence, dans un échange réciproque qui devrait rester à peu près proportionné, même si bien souvent la #violence s’exerce elle-même de manière humiliante, et nous ne savons pas ce que serait une violence vraiment non-humiliante. Avec l’humiliation cependant, le cercle des échanges devient vicieux, les retours sont longuement différés, comme sans rapport, et ils ont quelque chose de démesuré. Ils sont parallèles, mais en négatif, aux circuits de la #reconnaissance dont on sait qu’ils prennent du temps.

      C’est pourquoi les effets de l’humiliation sont si dévastateurs. Ils courent dans le temps, car les humiliés seront humiliants au centuple. Comme le remarquait #Ariane_Bazan, ils peuvent aller jusqu’à détruire méthodiquement toute scène de reconnaissance possible, toute réparation possible : la mère tuera tous ses enfants, comme le fait Médée rejetée par Jason. Lisant Euripide, elle concluait : « c’est à l’humiliation que répond la barbarie ». Les grandes tragédies sont des scènes de la reconnaissance non seulement manquée, mais écrabouillée.

      Pourquoi nos sociétés occidentales sont-elles collectivement aussi insensibles à l’humiliation ? Est-ce la différence avec ce qu’on a appelé les sociétés de honte, le Japon, le monde arabe ? Sans doute est-ce d’abord aujourd’hui parce que nous sommes une société managée par des unités de mesure quantifiable, la monnaie, l’audimat, et par une juridicisation qui ne reconnaît que les torts mesurables, compensables, sinon monnayables.

      Cette évolution a été accélérée par une #morale_libérale, qui est une #morale_minimale, où tout est permis si l’autre est consentant : or on n’a pas besoin du #consentement de l’autre pour afficher sa #liberté, tant que son expression n’est ni violente ni discriminante à l’égard des personnes, et ne porte aucun dommage objectif — les croyances n’existent pas, on peut en faire ce qu’on veut. Le facteur aggravant de l’humiliation, dans une société de réseaux, c’est la diffusion immédiate et sans écrans ralentisseurs des atteintes à la réputation : la #calomnie, la #moquerie, le #harcèlement.

      L’angle mort de notre civilisation

      Mais plus profondément encore, plus anciennement, notre insensibilité à l’humiliation est due à l’entrecroisement, dans nos sociétés, d’une morale stoïcienne de la #modestie, et d’une morale chrétienne de l’#humilité. Celle-ci, en rupture avec les religions de l’imperium, de la victoire, propose en modèle un divin abaissé et humilié dans l’ignominie du supplice de la croix, réservé aux esclaves. Le #stoïcisme est une sagesse dont la stratégie consiste à décomposer l’opinion d’autrui en des énoncés creux dont aucun ne saurait nous atteindre : l’esclave stoïcien n’est pas plus humiliable que l’empereur stoïcien.

      La dialectique hégélienne du maître et de l’esclave est d’ailleurs héritière de ces deux traditions mêlées, quand il fait de l’expérience de l’esclavage une étape nécessaire sur le chemin de la liberté. Cette vertu d’humilité a paradoxalement creusé dans le monde de la chevalerie médiévale, puis dans la société française de cour, et finalement dans le dévouement de l’idéal scientifique, un sillon profond, qui est comme l’angle mort de notre civilisation.

      Et cet angle mort nous a empêchés de voir le rôle de l’humiliation dans l’histoire : c’est l’humiliation du Traité de Versailles qui prépare la venue d’Hitler au pouvoir, celle de la Russie ou de la Turquie qui y maintient Poutine et Erdogan, c’est la manipulation du sentiment d’humiliation qui a propulsé la figure de Trump. Et cette histoire n’est pas finie. Les manipulations machiavéliques des sentiments de peur et les politiques du #ressentiment n’ont jamais atteint, dans tous nos pays simultanément, un tel niveau de dangerosité. Les djihadistes ici jouent sur du velours, car à l’humiliation ancienne de la #colonisation militaire, économique, et culturelle, s’est ajoutée celle des #banlieues et du #chômage, et maintenant les caricatures du prophète, répétées à l’envi.

      #Fanatisme et #dérision

      Car la genèse de la dérision est non moins importante, et concomitante à celle du fanatisme. On a beaucoup entendu parler du #droit_de_blasphémer : curieuse expression, de la part de tous ceux (et j’en suis) qui ne croient pas au #blasphème ! Réclamer le droit de blasphémer, s’acharner à blasphémer, n’est-ce pas encore y croire, y attacher de l’importance ? N’est-ce pas comme les bandes iconoclastes de la Réforme ou de la Révolution qui saccagent les églises, dans une sorte de superstition anti-superstitieuse ?

      Tout le tragique de l’affaire tient justement au fait que ce qui est important pour les uns est négligeable pour les autres. Il faudrait que les uns apprennent à ne pas accorder tant d’importance à de telles #satires, et que les autres apprennent à mesurer l’importance de ce qu’ils font et disent. Ce qui m’inquiète aujourd’hui c’est le sentiment qu’il n’y a plus rien d’important, sauf le droit de dire que rien n’est important.

      Une société où tout est « cool » et « fun » est une société insensible à l’humiliation, immunisée à l’égard de tout scandale, puisqu’il n’y reste rien à transgresser, rien à profaner. Or la fonction du #scandale est vitale pour briser la complaisance d’une société à elle-même. Pire, lorsque l’ironiste adopte un point de vue en surplomb, pointant l’idiotie des autres, il interrompt toute possibilité de #conversation. On peut rire, mais encore faut-il que cela puisse relancer la conversation !

      Sacralisation des caricatures ?

      Le différend tient peut-être aussi au fait que nous ne disposons pas exactement des mêmes genres littéraires. #Salman_Rushdie et #Milan_Kundera observaient que le monde musulman a du mal à comprendre ce que c’est qu’un « roman », comme une forme littéraire typique d’une certaine époque européenne, et qui met en suspens le jugement moral. Nous aussi, nous avons un problème : on dirait parfois que le genre littéraire éminent qui fonde notre culture est la caricature, la dérision, le #comique.

      Ce qui est proprement caricatural, c’est que les caricatures, le #droit_de_rire, soient devenues notre seul sacré. Serions-nous devenus incapables de percevoir ce que les Grecs anciens désignaient par le tragique ? N’avons-nous pas perdu aussi le sens de l’#épopée véritable (celle qui honore les ennemis), et le sens de quoi que ce soit qui nous dépasse nos gentilles libertés bien protégées ?

      Aujourd’hui, aux manipulations de la peur et de la xénophobie par les néonationalistes français, qui sacralisent la #laïcité comme si elle n’était plus le cadre neutre d’une #liberté_d’expression capable de cohabiter paisiblement avec celle des autres, mais la substance même de l’#identité française (une identité aussi moniste et exclusive que jadis l’était le catholicisme pour l’Action française), répond la manipulation cynique du sentiment d’humiliation des musulmans français par les prédicateurs-guerriers du djihadisme, qui n’ont de cesse d’instrumentaliser le ressentiment, dans le monde et en France.

      Liberté d’abjurer et laïcité réelle

      Aux organisations musulmanes françaises, nous dirons : demandez aux pays dominés par l’islam politique d’accorder à leurs minorités les mêmes libertés réelles qui sont celles des musulmans de France, et accordez solennellement à toutes les musulmanes et à tous les musulmans le droit d’abjurer, de se convertir, ou simplement de se marier en dehors de leur communauté.

      Aux néonationalistes, nous dirons : si la laïcité n’est plus que cette identité sacrée, c’est-à-dire le contraire de ce qu’elle a été dans l’histoire réelle (oui, enseignons d’abord l’histoire réelle dans son long cours, ses compromis complexes, et pas les histoires simplistes que nous nous racontons !), le #pacte_laïque sera rompu, et nous ferons sécession, il faudra tout recommencer, ensemble et avec les nouveaux venus.

      Car ce pacte est ce qui, au nom de notre histoire commune, et inachevée, autorise, au sens fort, la #reconnaissance_mutuelle. Il cherche à instituer un théâtre commun d’apparition qui fasse pleinement crédit à la parole des uns et des autres. C’est bien ce qui nous manque le plus aujourd’hui.

      https://www.nouvelobs.com/idees/20201122.OBS36427/on-a-oublie-le-role-de-l-humiliation-dans-l-histoire-par-olivier-abel.htm

  • Hacker seeks to extort Finnish mental health patients after data breach
    https://www.politico.eu/article/cybercriminal-extorts-finnish-therapy-patients-in-shocking-attack-ransomwar

    Tens of thousands of patients concerned by massive hack. A hacker is trying to blackmail tens of thousands of Finnish patients after gaining access to their medical records from therapy sessions, in what experts and the country’s top politicians called a “shocking” cyberattack. Police said on Saturday that a hacker had started emailing more than 40,000 patients whose data was stolen from the Vastaamo psychotherapy center, local media reported. The attacker or attackers — it is unclear who (...)

    #ransomware #spyware #hacking #santé #données

    ##santé

  • From compassion to fortress Europe — the migration crisis in pictures – POLITICO
    https://www.politico.eu/article/from-compassion-to-fortress-europe-the-migration-crisis-in-pictures

    I began photographing the plight of refugees in Greece in 2015, traveling between the islands which are their entry point to Europe. Thousands arrived from war zones in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Others make the long journey from Iran, Pakistan and sub-Saharan Africa; often with nothing more than a backpack and the hope of a new life.Five years ago, places like Moria were just a stopping point, where migrants were screened and fingerprinted. Volunteers and humanitarian workers greeted them with hot tea and blankets to warm them after the treacherous sea journey. On the islands, there was a sense of solidarity and of humanitarianism among the volunteers who stepped in to fill the gap left by governments and institutions.
    Slowly at first, and then more quickly, the rest of Europe started to close up, though — leaving many migrants stuck. Whereas the Greek islands had been a starting point for many, or a stopgap until they could find their way further north, it was now home. Temporary became permanent, as many waited years to have their asylum claims heard.The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated the situation. Camps in Greece locked down or shut altogether, even after restrictions were lifted elsewhere in the country. The NGO Doctors Without Borders argued that there was no public health justification for measures it described as “toxic” and “blatant discrimination.” Now, it said, a different threat was surging: self-harm, violence, depression and other mental health issues in the camps. Five years on, there are other impacts. Locals, who helped settle refugees, say they are now the forgotten victims. Tourism on Lesvos has collapsed and those who live close to the settlements feel unsafe in their homes. Solidarity has given way to anger. Local people feel their generosity was used against them as an international problem became an acute local one.
    Below is a photographic timeline from the start of the migration crisis in 2015 to the present.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#ue#grece#mediterranee#camp#refugie#politiquemigratoire#sante#santementale#frontiere

  • Bulgaria blocks North Macedonia Frontex agreement

    Bulgaria is the only country blocking the signing of a border management agreement between North Macedonia and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency – Frontex, EURACTIV reports.

    The reason for the dispute is that Bulgaria does not recognise the language of North Macedonia as “Macedonian”, as the authorities in Skopje call it. Bulgaria considers it as a dialect of Bulgarian.

    Also, Bulgaria conditions a change in terminology regarding Macedonian language in order to allow progress in drafting a final negotiating framework.

    “Bulgaria does not recognize the existence of a separate so-called ‘Macedonian language’ and therefore cannot agree to any reference to it in EU documents. The reference to the “official language” of this country enables the continuation of institutional work”, reads the document in which Radio Free Europe had an insight.

    An agreement on co-operation in border management would enable Frontex to conduct joint operations and send its teams to border areas to stop illegal immigration, especially in cases of sudden changes in migration flows, and cross-border crime and, if necessary, to provide technical and operational assistance to national border forces.

    Frontex has previously signed such agreements with Serbia, Montenegro and Albania. A similar agreement has been initialed with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but is awaiting finalization.

    https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2020/10/22/bulgaria-blocks-north-macedonia-frontex-agreement

    #Bulgarie #Frontex #Macédoine_du_Nord #route_des_balkans #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Balkans #accord

    –---

    La raison pour laquelle la Bulgarie ne signe pas est intéressante... sur une question linguistique...

    The reason for the dispute is that Bulgaria does not recognise the language of North Macedonia as “Macedonian”, as the authorities in Skopje call it. Bulgaria considers it as a dialect of Bulgarian.

    #langue #macédonien #dialecte_bulgare #bulgare #langue_bulgare

    • Bulgaria asks EU to stop ’fake’ Macedonian identity

      In another Balkan historical dispute, Sofia has asked its fellow EU members to stop North Macedonia’s accession bid. Sofia wants its neighbor to admit to sharing a common history with Bulgaria.

      A long-simmering historical dispute between two Balkan neighbors is about to enter the corridors of Brussels again as North Macedonia expects an official start to the EU accession negotiation process in December. An EU candidate country since 2005, North Macedonia hoped that solving the name dispute with Greece would end the historical quarrels with its Balkan neighbors and, after having entered NATO in March, start the country down the long road to full EU membership.

      But Bulgaria has different ideas.

      A document titled the “Explanatory Memorandum on the relationship of the Republic of Bulgaria with the Republic of North Macedonia in the context of the EU enlargement and Association and Stabilization Process” caught the attention of the media in North Macedonia last week. The six-page memorandum, sent to 26 EU capitals from Sofia in August, lays out Bulgaria’s position on several historical issues. Key among them, as Sofia claims: “the ethnic and linguistic engineering that has taken place” in North Macedonia since World War II.

      “The accession path of the Republic of North Macedonia provides a valuable opportunity for its leadership to break with the ideological legacy and practices of communist Yugoslavia,” the Bulgarian memorandum stated. “The enlargement process must not legitimize the ethnic and linguistic engineering that has taken place under former authoritarian regimes.”

      According to the official Bulgarian view of history, people of Slavic descent who live in North Macedonia are Bulgarians who speak the Bulgarian language but were brainwashed during the Josip Broz Tito’s communist regime in the former Yugoslavia and were artificially given a new “Macedonian” identity and language in the process.

      Pressing nationalistic views

      The claim is not new. It is the official position of the Bulgarian state since the 1950s and, as a result, the historical misunderstandings between the two neighbors often boiled over in the political arena. As a member of the European Union, Bulgaria sees an advantage and aims to use it.

      Ulf Brunnbauer, chair of history of Southeast and Eastern Europe at the University of Regensburg, said the memorandum is Bulgaria’s way of “pressing its own nationalistic view on the history and culture of another country and its people.”

      “It would be similar to Germany telling the Austrians that they are actually Germans, or Denmark calling the Norwegians an anomaly because they used to be part of their empire and their standard language developed later than Danish,” Brunnbauer told DW.

      The memorandum caused consternation in North Macedonia and condemnation in parts of the Bulgarian academia as well.

      Macedonian Deputy Prime Minister Nikola Dimitrov said, “Language is not subject to recognition or nonrecognition because in the 21st century, especially in Europe, the right to self-determination and self-expression cannot be denied.”

      Bulgarian sociologist Ivaylo Ditchev wrote for DW that the primary “accusation” made in the Bulgarian memo is the fact that “North Macedonia exists at all.”

      “And if that new nation persistently refuses to abolish itself — Bulgaria considers that an act of aggression,” Ditchev wrote.

      Occupation or liberation?

      During the Second World War, the Kingdom of Bulgaria was part of the Axis powers and occupied the territory of what is today North Macedonia. Macedonian history considers this period “Bulgarian fascist occupation.” But Bulgaria denies that assertion and claims that its forces liberated what it considers its brethren in the west. In a declaration adopted by the parliament last year, Sofia told Skopje to stop using the term “fascist occupation” in reference to Bulgaria in its history books and to remove all such mention on the World War II monuments in the country.

      Disagreements like this were supposed to be solved by a commission formed after the signing of a bilateral friendship agreement in 2017.

      A group of historians and education experts from both countries started working on the long list of divisive issues but stopped last year. The official reason was because of the elections in North Macedonia and later the coronavirus pandemic, unofficially, there were insurmountable disagreements. Now the Bulgarian government insists that the commission continue its work and show results or North Macedonia’s path towards the EU would be stopped before it can begin in earnest.

      No place for bilateral issues

      While the EU has so far been quiet on the issue, Germany, as the current holder of the rotating European Council presidency, called on both countries to resolve outstanding problems in the history commission. German Ambassador in North Macedonia Anke Holstein rejected Bulgaria’s attempt to include the bilateral issues in the EU negotiations framework.

      “Bilateral problems should be solved bilaterally,” Holstein told Radio Free Europe.

      But, according to Dragi Gjorgiev, president of the Macedonian team of experts in the Macedonian-Bulgarian commission, that won’t be an easy task.

      “The Bulgarian memorandum, which denies the modern Macedonian language and identity, is not helpful for the commission’s success,” Gjorgiev told DW.

      While Ditchev, and other political analysts on both sides of the border think the memorandum might be a PR-stunt of Boyko Borisov’s Bulgarian government to turn the attention of the public opinion after months of anti-corruption protests in the country, others disagree.

      “Protests in Sofia have nothing to do with this,” Andrey Kovatchev member of the European Parliament from Bulgaria’s governing conservative GERB party, wrote in an op-ed for DW Macedonian on Saturday. The government in Sofia would not change its position, Kovatchev said, adding that North Macedonia will not be allowed to start the EU accession negotiations unless it accepts Bulgaria’s demands.

      “Do not hope! You will never find another traitor like Georgi Dimitrov [the first communist leader of Bulgaria 1946-1949, who recognized the existence of a separate Macedonian nation and Macedonian language] in Bulgaria to get this thing done for you.,” he said.

      German historian Brunnbauer, on the other hand, called on Brussels and “especially Berlin” to put pressure on the Bulgarian government.

      “The question of how historians or politicians in (North) Macedonia interpret the history of their nation and of their language might enrage Bulgarian nationalists (and vice versa),” he said. “But it has zero connection with the Copenhagen criteria or any other criteria an accession country needs to fulfill for membership in the EU.”

      https://www.dw.com/en/bulgaria-asks-eu-to-stop-fake-macedonian-identity/a-55020781

    • Bulgaria threatens to veto North Macedonia’s EU talks

      Bulgaria said it will veto the formal launch of EU accession talks with North Macedonia unless its concerns about language and history are taken into account, diplomats said after a meeting of EU ambassadors on Wednesday.

      One diplomat who took part in the meeting said the Bulgarian representative gave “a very long and emotional speech” on the topic.

      The ambassadors were having their first discussion on the framework for negotiations with Albania and North Macedonia that was put forward by the European Commission last summer. Once the member states have backed the framework, the presidency of the Council of the EU, currently held by Germany, will present the so-called “agreed General EU Position” to the two countries hoping to join the bloc, marking the formal start of accession negotiations.

      It was expected that the EU’s support for the negotiating framework would be signed off at a ministerial meeting of the General Affairs Council on November 10 — but Sofia could derail those plans.

      Opening talks with the two Balkan countries has already been difficult as North Macedonia and Greece first had to resolve a near 30-year-long dispute over the former’s name. An agreement between the two was ratified last year, paving the way for Skopje’s NATO accession.

      Another obstacle appeared when France led a group of capitals pushing for a change in the way countries join the bloc. At a meeting of EU leaders last October, France blocked approval of the opening of the accession talks with both countries. Approval was granted in March after a compromise was found that included revamping the accession process.

      The discussion among ambassadors on Wednesday was mainly about this new methodology, with some member states having doubts about how negotiations could be suspended, two diplomats said.

      In recent weeks, Bulgaria distributed documents to the other member states to explain its position. In one of the documents, seen by POLITICO, Sofia stressed that Bulgaria cannot “accept that the still ongoing nation-building process in the Republic of North Macedonia be conducted through the revision of our common history, the denial of our common ethnic and linguistic roots or the unfounded claims for the existence of a ‘Macedonian minority’ in Bulgaria.”

      The two countries signed an accord in August 2017 to resolve these problems “but the implementation of the Treaty has been stagnant,” said Sofia.

      Nikola Dimitrov, North Macedonia’s deputy prime minister for European integration, said his country is committed to implementing the friendship agreement with Sofia. He noted Bulgaria had played a positive role in putting EU enlargement back on the bloc’s agenda but said that success would be at risk if a solution is not found to the impasse.

      “It is simply not right for the Macedonian language to be an obstacle to our European future if the EU is a community of values that celebrates diversity,” Dimitrov told POLITICO.

      Diplomats said that Wednesday’s session was just a first discussion and there’s still a chance to avoid the process being derailed, with more talks planned. “There’s still room for diplomacy,” said one of the diplomats involved in the discussion, pointing to preparatory meetings for the next summit as part the so-called Berlin process, that will bring together leaders from the Western Balkans and the EU, to be held in Sofia on November 10, the same day as the General Affairs Council.

      https://www.politico.eu/article/bulgaria-threatens-veto-on-north-macedonia-accession

  • Delivery companies unveil labor deal with Italian far-right union
    https://www.politico.eu/article/delivery-companies-unveil-labor-deal-with-italian-far-right-union

    The deal could allow the likes of Uber Eats and Deliveroo to avoid additional regulation. A coalition of food-delivery companies on Wednesday unveiled a deal with a far-right-affiliated Italian union, pushing through their version of employee protection for gig workers as an alternative to classifying them as employees. The companies, which include Uber, Deliveroo, Glovo, JustEat and others, believe their approach to labor relations — not directly employing delivery workers but providing (...)

    #Deliveroo #Uber #UberEATS #extrême-droite #GigEconomy #syndicat #travail #FoodTech

  • Facebook to stop moving data from EU to US : 5 things you need to know
    https://www.politico.eu/article/facebook-data-ireland-privacy

    Here’s what the pending decision means for transatlantic relations. The countdown is on. Facebook will be forced to stop moving data from its European users to the United States as early as next month after Ireland’s data protection watchdog told the social networking giant that its current means of transferring digital information across the Atlantic is illegal. The company still has a few weeks to appeal the preliminary ruling. But the decision deals a blow to billions of euros in (...)

    #Facebook #données #PrivacyShield