The new European border between Niger and Libya ⁄ Open Migration

#asile #Sahel #Afrique_de_l'Ouest #Maghreb #réfugiés

Ce qui est intéressant, c’est qu’il y a 4 cartes qui montrent l’évolution des #parcours_migratoire, notamment le nombre de passages via la #méditerranée (attention : je n’ai pas lu le texte, mais juste regardé les cartes et graphiques) :

#2014 :

https://i.imgur.com/Acbtc6J.png

#2015 :

https://i.imgur.com/DA3obhn.png

#2016 :

https://i.imgur.com/Iccz7No.png

#2017 :

https://i.imgur.com/1Q0TTS5.png

Un graphique qui montre les #arrivées en Italie de 2014 à 2017 (et où on voit les effets des accords avec les #gardes-côtes_libyens) :

https://i.imgur.com/1YtVSIy.png

il y a aussi un graphique sur l’évolution comparée de la démographie en Afrique et en Europe :

https://i.imgur.com/7XhDYng.png

Une carte sur la situation politique des pays d’origine :

https://i.imgur.com/jmgeawo.png

Un focus sur le #Niger :

https://i.imgur.com/buv9mfr.png https://i.imgur.com/M5D86Ro.png

Et un focus sur la #Libye :

https://i.imgur.com/dBHhZyM.png https://i.imgur.com/jZ6KWwp.png

Un focus sur la #Tunisie :

https://i.imgur.com/HcVQzNy.png https://i.imgur.com/B7rLLOO.png

Des infographies sur le #fonds_fiduciaire et la politique d’#externalisation de l’Europe :

https://i.imgur.com/LzxNrIm.png https://i.imgur.com/PxSaZIA.png

Une carte sur la #relocalisation :

https://i.imgur.com/CDJZam7.png

Une carte sur la #loterie_de_l'asile :

https://i.imgur.com/sPSEFeI.png

Et des cartes sur le nombre de demandeurs d’asile arrivés dans les différents pays européens :

https://i.imgur.com/jpWXtCh.png https://i.imgur.com/foOV3Oz.png https://i.imgur.com/1kyioq5.png

#chiffres #statistiques #cartographie #visualisation

#merci @reka : cette page est très riche...

Manufacturing Smugglers: From Irregular to Clandestine Mobility in the Sahara

For decades, mobility between the Sahel and northern Africa was mostly irregular, but not clandestine. Most of the border crossings were supervised and (illegally) taxed by border police; everyone knew who did what with whom, and Saharan drivers were not thought of as smugglers of people. Starting in the early 2000s, European countries intervened, considering all trans-Saharan movements as a first step on a journey toward Europe, thus encouraging national authorities to stop them. This led to the tightening of border controls across northwest Africa. This article shows how the resulting criminalization of travel to and through the Sahara has led to the development of specialized passenger transport as a clandestine activity, resulting in an increase in the human and financial costs of those journeys. Thus, smugglers, as a particular category of actors, appear as directly manufactured by the migration policies that were drafted to control them.

►http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0002716217744529
#Niger #Agadez

The new European border between Niger and Libya

March 2017 was coming to a close when Italian Interior Minister Marco Minniti gathered a number of local leaders from Fezzan, in the southwestern region of Libya, to negotiate a peace agreement in Rome. His goal was to end hostilities between the Toubou, Tuareg, and Awlad Suleiman tribes, and to regain control over the border with Niger, the main entry point for migrants. One year later the invisible line dividing the two countries is still the focus of European attention, but the agreement seems bound to fail and Niger has stopped evacuating migrants from Libya. This is the third and last episode of Giacomo Zandonini’s reportage from Niger.

http://openmigration.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/IG-LIbia-ENG-02-1024x559.png

Nearly dying in the Sahara doesn’t deter some migrants from trying again and again to reach Europe

The first time Ousmane Bah was abandoned in the desert, it was June 2017. Five of the people he was with died. He was 21 years old and had left his home in Guinea a couple of months earlier, after his father was killed in a flare-up of political violence. Ousmane was afraid the killers would come for him next, so he decided to try to escape to Europe, where, he said, “they respect the law and human rights”.

Guinea is part of the Economic Community of West African States, or ECOWAS, which has a visa-free travel arrangement for citizens of its 15 member countries. As Ousmane crossed borders on commercial buses, no one asked to see his passport or questioned him about where he was going. It was easy progress, that is until he reached the city of Agadez in Niger.

Agadez has long been a hub for regional migration. Following the fall of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, it became the gateway for people travelling from West Africa to Europe via Libya. As hundreds of thousands of refugees and migrants began to arrive on European shores, the EU began searching for ways to stem the flow. On the route from West Africa, that effort focused on Agadez. Six months before Ousmane arrived in the city, the government of Niger had begun enforcing a law that criminalised the irregular movement of people to Libya.

The EU-backed crackdown on irregular migration has not so much stopped the movement of people from Niger to Libya as forced it underground. A recent report by the research initiative REACH found that, since the beginning of 2017, there has been a diversification of the routes that people take to arrive in Libya, in large part due to the restrictions introduced in Niger. “Key informants” cited in the study – who included law enforcement officials, local leaders, activists, smugglers, and humanitarian aid workers – reported that “they had not witnessed a decrease in arrivals of refugees and migrants from the southern borders.”

http://assets.irinnews.org/s3fs-public/styles/responsive_medium/public/libya_migration_routes.jpg?n_mvXhuz31_G23wjPJcSgoSnAxkl.qUa&itok=LATPok0o#.jpg http://assets.irinnews.org/s3fs-public/styles/responsive_large/public/ousmane_bah_22_in_ghetto_in_agadez_2_edit.jpg?b1Blitw7ZfPM71jaai6s_2MRWaCjKoyf&itok=-7wb-XBq#.jpg

▻http://www.irinnews.org/special-report/2018/07/03/destination-europe-desperation