/nov

  • Matthew Hedges: jailed British academic pardoned by UAE | World news | The Guardian

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/26/matthew-hedges-jailed-british-academic-pardoned-by-uae

    Faudra juste qu’il change de sujet de thèse.

    #Matthew_Hedges, the 31-year-old British academic jailed for life on espionage charges last week by the United Arab Emirates, has been granted a presidential pardon by the country’s rulers.

    His release once formalities are completed follows intense lobbying by the British foreign secretary, Jeremy Hunt, amid an international outcry that left the UAE scrambling to produce evidence to justify claims that Hedges was a spy.

    #émirats_arabs_unis #droits_humais #golfe

  • Il y a eu une caricature récemment qui disait quelque chose du genre : « il faut expulser les immigrés, sinon les gens voteront pour des fachos qui expulseront les immigrés ». Aujourd’hui in real life, la candidate qu’elle aurait été drôlement mieux que Trump : Hillary Clinton : Europe must curb immigration to stop rightwing populist
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/22/hillary-clinton-europe-must-curb-immigration-stop-populists-trump-brexi

    Europe must get a handle on immigration to combat a growing threat from rightwing populists, Hillary Clinton has said, calling on the continent’s leaders to send out a stronger signal showing they are “not going to be able to continue to provide refuge and support”.

  • British academic accused of spying jailed for life in UAE | World news | The Guardian

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/21/british-academic-matthew-hedges-accused-of-spying-jailed-for-life-in-ua

    Les terrains de thèse les plus risqués au monde : les Etats du Golfe.

    A British academic who has been accused of spying for the UK government in the United Arab Emirates after travelling to Dubai to conduct research has been sentenced to life in jail.

    Matthew Hedges, 31, has been in a UAE prison for more than six months. The Durham University student who went to the country to research his PhD thesis, was handed the sentence at an Abu Dhabi court in a hearing that lasted less than five minutes, and with no lawyer present.

    Hedges was detained in May at Dubai airport as he was leaving the country following a research trip, and was held in solitary confinement for five months.

    The UAE attorney general, Hamad al-Shamsi, said Hedges was accused of “spying for a foreign country, jeopardising the military, political and economic security of the state”.

    Hedges has denied the charges, and maintains that he was in the country to research the impact of the Arab spring on the UAE’s foreign policy.

  • Revealed: one in four Europeans vote populist | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2018/nov/20/revealed-one-in-four-europeans-vote-populist

    Populist parties have more than tripled their support in Europe in the last 20 years, securing enough votes to put their leaders into government posts in 11 countries and challenging the established political order across the continent.

    The steady growth in support for European populist parties, particularly on the right, is revealed in a groundbreaking analysis of their performance in national elections in 31 European countries over two decades, conducted by the Guardian in conjunction with more than 30 leading political scientists.

    –--------------------

    How populism swept through Europe over 20 years | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2018/nov/20/how-populism-emerged-as-electoral-force-in-europe

    Populism is spreading across the continent but has different characteristics by region
    • Revealed: one in four Europeans votes populist

    –--------------------

    Measuring populism: how the Guardian charted its rise | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/20/measuring-populism-how-guardian-charted-rise-methodology

    Populism is a challenging thing to measure. Some researchers scrutinise speeches, manifestos and political messaging in search of populist rhetoric. Others survey politicians, or the public, to detect agreement with populist ideas and attitudes. Another technique involves analysing the electoral performance of political parties over time.

    –-------------

    Why is populism suddenly all the rage? | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/political-science/2018/nov/20/why-is-populism-suddenly-so-sexy-the-reasons-are-many

    Populism is sexy. Particularly since 2016 – the year of the Brexit referendum and the election of Donald Trump – it seems as if journalists just cannot get enough of it. In 1998, the Guardian published about 300 articles that included the terms “populism” or “populist”. In 2015, these terms were used in about 1,000 articles, and one year later this number had doubled to almost 2,000.

    #populisme #europe #extrême-droite #xénophobie #racisme #ultra-libéralisme

  • SK to dissolve sex slave foundation | World news | The Guardian

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/21/anger-in-japan-as-south-korea-dissolves-comfort-women-foundation

    South Korea has announced it will dissolve a Japanese-funded foundation to support former victims of wartime sexual slavery, sparking outrage in Tokyo and marking the latest deterioration between the two countries.

    #corée #japon #viols #viols_de_guerre
    Japan’s prime minister, Shinzo Abe, said the move risked damaging relations and foreign minister Taro Kono called the decision “unacceptable”.

  • Brazil’s new foreign minister believes climate change is a Marxist plot | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/15/brazil-foreign-minister-ernesto-araujo-climate-change-marxist-plot


    Ernesto Araujo, right, has been nominated by President-elect Jair Bolsonaro, left, to be Brazil’s top diplomat. His appointment could undermine Brazil’s leading role on climate change.
    Photograph: Sergio Lima/AFP/Getty Images

    Ernesto Araújo has called climate science ‘dogma’ and bemoaned the ‘criminalisation’ of red meat, oil and heterosexual sex

    Brazil’s president-elect Jair Bolsonaro has chosen a new foreign minister who believes climate change is part of a plot by “ cultural Marxists ” to stifle western economies and promote the growth of China.

    Ernesto Araújo – until recently a mid-ranking official who blogs about the “criminalisation” of red meat, oil and heterosexual sex – will become the top diplomat of South America’s biggest nation, representing 200 million people and the greatest and most biodiverse forest on Earth, the Amazon.

    His appointment, confirmed by Bolsonaro on Wednesday, is likely to send a chill through the global climate movement.

  • #Canada registers sixfold increase in US citizens seeking asylum in 2017

    Americans were the third largest group seeking asylum, spurred by fears they would be deported by the Trump administration

    Tiroude and Gislyne are Haitians by birth and migrants by necessity.

    The couple’s 18-month-old daughter, however, was born in Fort Lauderdale, and – as an American by birth – she is part of a growing number of US citizens seeking refuge in Canada.

    In 2017, some 2,550 US citizens applied for asylum in Canada – an increase of more than sixfold from 2016 and the largest such number since at least 1994, according to data from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada.

    Americans were the third largest contingent of asylum seekers in 2017, after Haitians and Nigerians. The vast majority are children born to Haitian parents, according to experts.
    Daughter of Haitians, 10, urges Trump to extend families’ protected status
    Read more

    “Most of the Americans applying for refugee status are the children of non-residents,” says Stéphane Handfield, a Montreal-based immigration lawyer. “They are US citizens because they were born there, but they come across the border with their parents because they don’t want to be separated.”

    Trump has repeatedly said he wants to find a way to end birthright citizenship, although legal scholars say this is impossible.

    Tiroude and Gislyne fled Haiti for Brazil in 2014, in search of work and safety after Gislyne was targeted for her advocacy.

    Two and a half years later, they headed north after Tiroude lost his job, entering the United States in November 2017 – just as the Trump government announced that it wanted 59,000 Haitians living legally in the US to leave the country.

    In May, the couple moved again – this time with a newborn baby – becoming some of the roughly 6,000 Haitian asylum seekers who fled the US for Canada last year.

    “We left because President Trump said he wanted to deport people,” said Tiroude, who, like his wife, didn’t want his last name used.

    The family flew from Florida to Plattsburgh, New York, and crossed into Canada by way of Roxham Road in Quebec, a remote section of the border which has become a well-trodden path for asylum seekers.

    Because they crossed the border “irregularly” they were quickly arrested. They claimed asylum and were eventually released to await their hearing in front of Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Board.
    Advertisement

    They chose their destination largely because of a tweet by Justin Trudeau welcoming to Canada “those fleeing persecution, terror and war” – which came just as Trump made his first attempt to bar refugees from majority Muslim countries.
    Is this a Muslim ban? Trump’s executive order explained
    Read more

    Tiroude and Gislyne originally fled Haiti because Gislyne had been targeted by political rivals for her advocacy work. “If I go back to Haiti, I die. It’s that simple,” she said.

    But their odds aren’t good; last year, only about one in four Haitian asylum applicants were successful.

    They would be compelled to return to an unstable country still reeling from the 2010 earthquake and near-chronic political unrest. For their two children – their son was born in October – Haiti is a foreign country.

    “Going to Haiti as a parent is dangerous. For my kids it’s worse because they don’t know it. They won’t know how to speak Creole,” Tiroude said. “We’re very pessimistic, because they’re starting to deport people.”

    Since Trudeau’s tweet, his government’s welcome for asylum seekers has cooled notably, with Ralph Goodale, the country’s public safety minister, saying that there was no “free ticket” into Canada.

    Canada’s border agency hopes to increase deportations of failed refugee claimants by up to 35%, according to a recent investigation by the CBC, Canada’s public broadcaster.

    Meanwhile, Trudeau’s Liberal government – under increasing political pressure over immigration – has dispatched officials to Haiti and Nigeria in an attempt to convince would-be asylum seekers to stay put.

    Tiroude said he was aware of the backlash against migrants, though he is facing bigger issues. His immigration hearing was recently postponed for a second time, leaving him and his family in limbo once again. “We are pessimists. We don’t know when our turn will be. We are waiting. We hope it works,” he said.


    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/14/us-citizens-seeking-asylum-canada-increases-immigration-refugees
    #USA #Etats-Unis #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Haïti #réfugiés_haïtiens #réfugiés_américains

  • Libye : 95 migrants secourus par un navire commercial refusent de débarquer à #Misrata

    Près d’une centaine de migrants secourus le 8 novembre au large de la Libye par un navire commercial refusent de quitter le bateau battant pavillon panaméen. Les migrants ne veulent pas débarquer au port libyen de Misrata, d’où ils seront remis aux mains des autorités libyennes et renvoyés en centre de détention.

    Quatre-vingt-dix-huit migrants sont actuellement bloqués en pleine mer au large de Misrata, ville côtière libyenne située à l’ouest de Tripoli. Secourus jeudi 8 novembre par un navire de marchandises battant pavillon panaméen – le Nivin - alors que leur embarcation de fortune prenait l’eau, ils refusent de quitter le bateau commercial. Les migrants savent en effet qu’ils vont être remis aux mains des autorités libyennes et renvoyés en centre de détention.

    « Nous essayons de négocier avec eux depuis plusieurs jours », a déclaré lundi 12 novembre à l’agence de presse Reuters Rida Essa, commandant des garde-côtes basés à Misrata. « Nous sommes en discussion avec les autorités libyennes pour que les migrants débarquent au port de Misrata sans violence », précise à InfoMigrants Paula Esteban de l’agence des Nations-Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR) en Libye.

    L’agence onusienne a pris connaissance de cette affaire samedi 10 novembre. Dès lors, des membres de l’organisation montent quotidiennement à bord du Nivin. « Nous apportons de la nourriture, de l’eau, des vêtements, des chaussures, des kits d’hygiène, des couvertures… en partenariat avec l’Organisation internationale des migrations (OIM) et les autorités libyennes », explique encore Paula Esteban. « Nous nous coordonnons également avec une équipe médicale pour dispenser les premiers soins », continue-t-elle. Des cas de diabète et de gale ont été recensés, et nombre de migrants ont la peau brûlée à cause de l’essence qui s’est répandue dans leur embarcation.

    La majorité des migrants sont de nationalité soudanaise, érythréenne et bangladaise, selon le HCR. Pour l’heure, InfoMigrants n’a pas réussi à savoir si des femmes et des enfants se trouvaient à bord du navire commercial.

    Les conditions de vie des migrants en Libye sont régulièrement dénoncées par les ONG. Dans les centres de détention gérés par le gouvernement, les migrants subissent de mauvais traitements : détention arbitraire, promiscuité, besoins élémentaires non respectés, manque d’hygiène, violences…

    Fin octobre, un migrant érythréen a perdu la vie en s’immolant par le feu. Ce dernier croupissait dans le centre de détention de Tariq as-Sikka, à Tripoli, depuis au moins 9 mois et avait perdu tout espoir de quitter la Libye. Lundi 12 novembre, c’est un autre érythréen qui a essayé de se pendre dans les toilettes du même centre de détention. Tous deux avaient été interceptés en mer par les garde-côtes libyens et renvoyés en Libye.

    http://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/13305/libye-95-migrants-secourus-par-un-navire-commercial-refusent-de-debarq
    #Méditerranée #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Libye #résistance #spatial_disobedience #désobéissance_spatiale

    • Libya: Refugees and migrants refuse to disembark ship in desperate plea to avoid detention and torture

      Libyan, European and Panamanian authorities must ensure that at least 79 refugees and migrants who are on board a merchant vessel at the port of Misratah are not forced to disembark to be taken to a Libyan detention centre where they could face torture and other abuse, said Amnesty International today.

      The refugees and migrants, including a number of children, were found as they attempted to reach Europe by boat across the Mediterranean. Amnesty International understands that Italian and Maltese maritime authorities were involved in the operation, carried out by the merchant ship Nivin. Flying a Panamanian flag, the Nivin picked the group up in the central Mediterranean on 8 November and returned them to Libya, in what appears to be a clear breach of international law, given that Libya cannot be considered a safe place to disembark.

      “The protest on board the ship now docked in Misratah, gives a clear indication of the horrifying conditions refugees and migrants face in Libya’s detention centres where they are routinely exposed to torture, rape, beatings, extortion and other abuse,” said Heba Morayef, Middle East and North Africa Director for Amnesty International.

      “It is high time the Libyan authorities put an end to the ruthless policy of unlawfully detaining refugees and migrants. No one should be sent back to Libya to be held in inhumane conditions and face torture and other ill-treatment.”

      Like most of the refugees and migrants passing through Libya, a number of those on the ship told Amnesty International that they had been subjected to horrific human rights abuses, including extortion, ill-treatment, and forced labour, much in line with what has previously been documented in Libya by the organization. One of those on board told Amnesty International he had already been held in eight different detention centres inside Libya and “would rather die than go back there”.

      Fourteen people who agreed to leave the ship yesterday have been taken to a detention centre – among them is a four-month-old baby.

      The news comes amid reports that some refugees and migrants held at Libyan detention centres are being driven to take their own lives. A young Eritrean man was reported to have attempted suicide earlier this week. Last month a Somali man at the same detention centre died after setting himself on fire.

      “Unable to return home out of fear of persecution, and with very limited chances for resettlement to a third country, for most refugees and asylum seekers in detention centres in Libya their only option is to remain in detention, where they are exposed to grave abuses. “

      “Europe can no longer ignore the catastrophic consequences of its policies to curb migration across the Mediterranean. The protest on board this ship should serve as a wake-up call to European governments and the wider international community that Libya is not a safe country for refugees and migrants,” said Heba Morayef.

      “Under international law, no one should be sent to a place where their life is at risk. European governments and Panama must work with Libyan authorities to find a solution for the people on board to ensure they do not end up indefinitely detained in Libyan detention centres where torture is rife.

      “The international community also has to do more to increase the number of refugees they are willing to resettle, increase access for people seeking asylum and offer alternative routes to safety for thousands of people stranded in Libya with no end in sight to their suffering.”

      Amnesty International is also calling on Libyan authorities to expedite the opening of a long-awaited processing centre that will house up to 1,000 refugees and asylum seekers allowing them to relocate out of detention centers.

      https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/libya-refugees-and-migrants-refuse-disembark-ship-desperate-plea-avoid-de

    • Migrants fleeing Libya refuse to leave ship and be sent back to camps

      A total of 81 people on the cargo ship, some from Sudan, say they are staying put.

      Eighty-one migrants have refused to disembark from a merchant ship off the coast of Misrata in Libya, according to reports.

      The migrants were rescued by the ship’s crew a week ago on 10 November, 115 miles east of Tripoli, after leaving Libya on a raft.

      Fourteen people decided to leave the cargo ship and were transferred to Libya, while the remaining 81 have refused to disembark in Misrata for fear of being sent back to Libyan detention camps.

      “I prefer to die on this ship,” one of the migrants told Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) when offered to be transferred to a Libyan medical facility.

      MSF’s Twitter account stated that “others aboard the ship, including minors, had been imprisoned and tortured for over a year at the hands of human traffickers”.

      “It’s a shame that once again the only response given to people in search of safety is prolonged arbitrary detention in the country they desperately attempt to leave,” said Julien Raickman, the MSF head of mission in Libya.

      For over a year, the Libyan coastguard, supported by Italy, has been patrolling the waters and stopping boats from leaving Libyan shores for Europe. Under the terms of the deal, Italy agreed to train, equip and finance the Libyan coastguard.

      Amnesty International estimates that about 20,000 people were intercepted by Libyan coastguards in 2017 and taken back to Libya.

      Italy’s collaboration with Libya to stop migrants has been harshly criticised by human rights groups amid allegations that it has led to grave human rights violations against those crossing the Mediterranean, including torture and slavery.

      The International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the UN’s migration agency, said it had provided food and water to the 81 migrants but they were refusing to disembark.

      A Sudanese 17-year-old onboard the ship told MSF that his brother and friend had both died at the hands of smugglers near Tripoli.

      “How come you want me to leave the ship and stay in Libya? We agree to go to any place but not Libya,” he told volunteers.

      MSF medical teams were granted access by the Libyan coastguard so they could treat all those in need.

      Doctors have provided 60 medical consultations in three days. “We mainly treated burns from the engine petrol spills and witnessed the despair aboard,” MSF said.

      “There is clearly a lack of search and rescue capacity and coordination in the central Mediterranean now,” said Michaël Neuman, director of research at MSF.

      “People are effectively getting trapped. Europe’s policy of refusing to take in rescued people has led to a spike in deaths at sea and is fuelling a harmful system of arbitrary detention in Libya.”

      NGO rescue boats have almost all disappeared from the central Mediterranean since Italy’s minister of the interior, Matteo Salvini, announced soon after taking office this summer that he was closing Italian ports to non-Italian rescue vessels.

      People seeking asylum are still attempting the risky crossing but, without the rescue boats, the number of shipwrecks are likely to rise dramatically.

      The death toll in the Mediterranean has fallen in the past year, but the number of those drowning as a proportion of arrivals in Italy has risen sharply in the past few months, with the possibility of dying during the crossing now three times higher.

      According to the IOM, so far in 2018 more than 21,000 people have made the crossing and 2,054 have died.

      https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/17/migrants-fleeing-libya-refuse-to-leave-ship-and-be-sent-back-to-country

    • Salviamo i profughi della #Nivin. Testimonianza da bordo

      Pubblichiamo un video, per cui ringraziamo Francesca Mannocchi, inviato da bordo del cargo Nivin ancorato al porto di Misurata, in Libia, sul quale più di 70 persone provenienti principalmente dall’Eritrea e dal Sudan continuano a resistere rifiutando di essere riportate nei campi di concentramento libici.
      Torniamo a chiedere: cosa farebbe ciascuno di noi al posto loro?
      L’Italia, che è responsabile della vita di queste persone per avere scelto di delegare a un paese in cui la tortura è pratica quotidiana il recupero in mare delle persone in fuga, deve immediatamente agire per proteggerle.
      Mediterranea ha già documentato, in questo come in altri casi, il ruolo del coordinamento italiano nelle operazioni effettuate dalla cosiddetta guardia costiera libica nel catturare e riportare indietro migliaia di donne, uomini e bambini verso un paese che non è un porto sicuro e dove le persone vivono sofferenze e violenze inaudite. Il caso della Nivin dimostra ancora una volta la disumanità e l’illegittimità delle scelte politiche degli ultimi governi.
      Siamo anche noi su quel cargo, su ogni gommone che rischia di affondare, in ogni centro di detenzione dove si consumano stupri e abusi, tutti i giorni.
      Chiediamo all’Italia e all’Europa di aprire subito un canale umanitario per portare queste persone al sicuro. In Libia rischiano adesso di essere trattate come pirati o terroristi per avere cercato di difendere disperatamente la propria dignità e tenere aperta la speranza di salvarsi.
      Salviamo i profughi della Nivin, prima che sia troppo tardi. Salviamo noi stessi.

      https://mediterranearescue.org/news/salviamo-i-profughi-della-nivin-testimonianza-da-bordo
      #témoignage

    • Libya is ’hell’: Migrants barricaded in cargo ship refuse demands to leave

      Migrants on the Nivin ship tell MEE they are injured and having to urinate into bottles.
      They left Libya in a rubber raft 10 days ago. From Ethiopia, Pakistan and beyond, they sought to take the well-worn passage across the Mediterranean to Europe and, as one passenger said, escape hell.

      Now more than 70 migrants, including children, are in a stand off with Libyan authorities in the northwestern port of Misrata, refusing to disembark from the Nivin, the Italian cargo ship that rescued them.

      Many have already spent months travelling across dangerous terrain at the whims of smugglers or been detained in Libyan detention centres. Some, say aid workers, have been tortured by traffickers trying to extort money.

      Barricaded inside the ship, using plastic containers in place of toilet facilities, with the crew on the upper decks, and surrounded by Libyan armed forces awaiting orders from Tripoli, they now refuse to return.

      “We won’t get off this ship,” Dittur, a 19-year-old from South Sudan who remains onboard, told Middle East Eye by phone. “We won’t return to that hell.”

      In the Mediterranean, where there are no longer NGO rescue ships on patrol, the incident sheds light on the moral maze in which merchant ships now find themselves in the absence of aid workers. It may be easier for crews to pretend not to see rubber boats rather than lose time on their course. Six ships passed the migrants before the Nivin rescued them, migrants told MEE.

      However, human rights advocates said on Friday, the standoff is also a testimony to the continuing problems within Libya’s detention centres, which the UN described earlier this year as horrific. One of the migrants told MEE smugglers picked him up from one of the centres with full knowledge of authorities.

      The protest, said Middle East and North Africa director for Amnesty International, Heba Morayef, “gives a clear indication of the horrifying conditions refugees and migrants face in Libya’s detention centres, where they are routinely exposed to torture, rape, beatings, extortion and other abuse".

      As the standoff continues, there are concerns that the protest may end in violence.
      Like six ships in the night

      The migrants’ journey began on 6 November when 95 people, including 28 minors, set off in a raft from the coastal Libyan city of Khoms.

      Dittur, one of those on board, told MEE that the group had been at sea for several hours when they realised they were in danger and tried to get help from passing ships.

      “We called the emergency number saying we were on the rubber boat, which was already in very bad condition. Six ships passed by us that night and no one rescued us. They have seen us without saving our lives,” he said.

      Finally, he said, a merchant ship arrived. It was the Nivin, a cargo ship flying a Panamanian flag, which had left the Italian city of Imperia on 7 November with a load of cars destined for the North African market.

      The crew helped everyone on board. “‘We wil bring you to Italy. Do not worry,’" Dittur said they were told.

      Intead, several hours later, the Libyan coastguard arrived. “It was our nightmare,” the migrant from South Sudan said. As the coastguard started to attempt to transfer people off the boat and the migrants realised they would be returning to Libya, they refused to disembark, a Nivin crew member and passengers told MEE.

      Communication between the Nivin and Italy’s Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) reviewed by MEE shows the MRCC acting on behalf of the Libyan coastguard.

      In their first contact via a cable seen by MEE, the MRCC told the Nivin to rescue the migrants on board the rubber raft and urged the crew to contact the Libyan coastguard. The number the MRCC gave for the coastguard, however, was Italian.

      At 7.39pm on 7 November, MRCC writes to Nivin: “On behalf of the Libyan Coast Guard… please change course and drive at maximum speed at the indicated latitude.” The MRCC shared another Italian phone number as a point of contact.

      At 9.34pm in an email seen by MEE, the Libyan Navy, with the Maltese navy, Eunavfor Med and the Italian Navy copied in, tells Nivin: “As a Libyan authority, I order you to recover the boat and we will give instructions to disembark.”
      ’They are desperate’

      The cargo ship arrived in Misrata on 9 November. On Wednesday, after days-long mediation between Libyan authorities and the migrants, a Somali woman and her three-month-old baby, along with 12 others, disembarked.

      Doctors Without Borders (MSF) staff at the port of Misrata negotiated with Libyan authorities, who carried food and medicine on board to injured migrants who have burns and abrasions. Now 70 remain barricaded in the ship.

      “They are desperate,” Julien Raickman, MSF’s head of mission, told MEE. “In the group, there are several people, including children, tortured by traffickers to extort money. A patient in serious condition refused to be taken to a medical facility in Libya. He said he would rather die on the merchant ship.”

      There are no toilets, so the migrants are using plastic bottles to urinate. Journalists have not been allowed to access the ship, the port or even the city of Misrata. Outside at the port, armed forces wait for instructions from Tripoli, according to a source inside the port.

      From Tripoli, Libyan naval commander Anwar El Sharif told MEE: “They are pirates, criminals. We do not consider them migrants and this is no longer a rescue operation for people in danger. They set fire to the ship’s cargo and attempted to kill the crew,” he said.

      “We will treat them as they deserve, that is, as terrorists. It is a work of special forces, counterterrorism. They will be in charge of evacuating the ship.”

      But those still onboard deny that they set cars on fire or tried to kill anyone. Instead, they say that they were burned by fuel from the rubber raft they originally set sail on.

      They also sent photos to MEE showing scratches and scars which they say are wounds they sustained in detention centres in Tripoli and Tajoura, a nearby town that many of them, including Dittur, were trying to flee.
      Impossible escape

      Two years ago when he was 17, Dittur said he escaped from South Sudan, crossed a desert and was arrested the first time he tried to cross the Mediterranean. He was imprisoned for seven months in Bani Walid detention centre in Libya.

      That first attempt, he said, was followed by another. And then another, even as he continued to be extorted by smugglers.

      “Every time, more torture, and more money to ask my family to let me go, and every time, they [the smugglers] let me go. I worked, free, to try to leave again,” he said.

      “When [Libyan authorities] held me again in a prison, I asked to be able to give my documents to humanitarian organisations, they told us that they would help us out, to get away from there. But months went by, no one showed up," he said.

      Passengers with him on the raft, he said, were kept in a shed in the countryside before smugglers transported them to the coast.

      Dittur said he had been picked up by smugglers at the Tariq al-Sikka detention centre in Tripoli, which is managed by the Government of National Accord’s Ministry of the Interior.

      “Smugglers can enter whenever they want in prisons,” he said. “They come to make arrangements with those who want to leave and enter to take away who can pay his share, with me they did so, two weeks ago.”


      https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/we-do-not-return-hell-migrants-refuse-leave-ship-standoff-libyan-auth

    • Ancora in trappola i dannati della Nivin

      La nave cargo NIVIN con il suo carico di naufraghi, persone soccorse l’8 novembre scorso in acque internazionali, a circa 60 miglia dalle coste libiche, è ferma nella parte più interna del porto di Misurata, mentre i migranti (uomini, donne e minori, provenienti da paesi diversi non “sicuri”, Etiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Pakistan, Bangladesh e Somalia, esseri umani tutti assai vulnerabili per gli abusi subiti già prima della fuga dalla Libia) si rifiutano di sbarcare, temendo di subire ancora altre torture nei centri di detenzione dai quali erano riusciti ad allontanarsi. A Misurata la posizione dei migranti in transito rimane assai critica, tanto che i “dannati” della NIVIN non vogliono scendere a terra, senza garanzie sul loro futuro, sebbene la città non sia interessata da scontri violenti come Tripoli, e si riscontri la presenza in zona di oltre 400 militari italiani (missione MIASIT), sempre che nel frattempo anche questi, come le navi della missione Nauras di base a Tripoli, non siano stati ritirati.

      Il segnale transponder della NIVIN (per la identificazione della rotta) è di nuovo acceso da quando la nave è attraccata a Misurata, dopo essere rimasto spento dal giorno del soccorso, l’8 novembre, fino al momento dell’ormeggio in porto due giorni più tardi. Rimangono dunque oscure le circostanze reali dell’intervento di ricerca e soccorso nel quale sono rimaste coinvolte 95 persone in evidente pericolo di vita. A differenza degli anni passati, sono venuti meno i comunicati della Guardia costiera italiana (Imrcc). La NIVIN, che batte bandiera panamense, era in rotta dall’Italia verso Misurata ( ultima posizione riferita prima dello spegnimento del transponder 34,41 Nord, 13,58 Est, con rotta 146 °, a circa 70 miglia da Misurata), quando riceveva una richiesta di intervento dalle autorità di ricerca e salvataggio italiane e maltesi per una operazione SAR ( search and rescue) in favore di un barcone carico di un centinaio circa migranti, alla deriva in alto mare. Dalle rilevazioni che sono rimaste disponibili al pubblico sembra che il soccorso sia avvenuto al limite tra la zona SAR libica e quella maltese. Le stesse autorità italiane e maltesi indicavano successivamente al comandante della nave soccorritrice il trasferimento delle competenze di coordinamento al Comando congiunto della Guardia costiera di Tripoli (JRCC).

      Il primo allarme, raccolto nella sera del 7 novembre, era stato rilanciato da ALARMPHONE, e quindi girato dalla nave Jonio dell’operazione Mediterranea alle Centrali di coordinamento (MRCC) delle guardie costiere di Italia e Malta. In in secondo momento queste autorità di coordinamento avevano rilevato la posizione dell’imbarcazione da soccorrere e avevano asserito che la stessa si trovava all’interno della zona SAR libica, Una zona SAR autoproclamata dal governo di Tripoli il 28 giugno scorso e riconosciuta dall’IMO (Organizzazione marittima internazionale) senza alcun rilievo sulla impossibilità, per le autorità tripoline e per la cosiddetta Guardia costiera libica, di garantire una effettiva attività di ricerca e salvataggio in una area che non corrispondeva allo sviluppo costiero del territorio sotto controllo da parte del Governo di riconciliazione nazionale (GNA) con sede a Tripoli.

      Eppure ancora nel mese di dicembre del 2017 l’IMO rilevava che le autorità libiche non avevano ancora una effettiva capacità di ricerca e salvataggio in acque internazionali, e il governo di Tripoli ritirava la sua prima dichiarazione sull’esistenza di una zona SAR “libica”. In sei mesi nulla era cambiato nelle dotazioni delle autorità libiche, a parte i corsi di formazione condotti a bordo di navi militari europee, l’arrivo di qualche motovedetta donata dall’Italia e il coordinamento delle attività SAR garantito da unità della Marina militare italiana, presenti nel porto militare di Abu Sittah a Tripoli, nell’ambito della missione NAURAS. Tutte circostanze accertate dai giudici penali che ad aprile scorso hanno dichiarato comunque la Libia come un “paese terzo non sicuro”, quando si è proceduto, prima al sequestro ( a Catania), e poi al dissequestro (a Ragusa) della nave OPEN ARMS della omonima Organizzazione non governativa. Ma nel frattempo infuriava la campagna di criminalizzazione del soccorso umanitario e neppure l’archiviazione delle indagini contro due ONG avviate dalla Procura di Palermo, che pure dichiarava la Libia come un “paese terzo non sicuro”, metteva a tacere gli imprenditori dell’odio che su questa campagna avevano imbastito la propria avanzata elettorale.

      In piena estate, una prima grave conseguenza della istituzione di una zona SAR attribuita alle competenze delle autorità tripoline e della corrispondente “Guardia costiera” si era verificata nel caso dei respingimenti eseguiti dal rimorchiatore battente bandiera italiana ASSO 28. Che alla fine di luglio riportava nel porto di Tripoli decine di naufraghi soccorsi a 70 miglia dalla costa, dunque in acque internazionali, nei pressi delle piattaforme offshore gestite dall’ENI e dall’ente per il petrolio libico (NOC) nel bacino di Bouri Field, di fronte alla città di Sabratha. Negli ultimi mesi, a partire dal 28 giugno si calcola che oltre 1.200 persone abbiano perso la vita sulla rotta del Mediterraneo centrale, è un dato che probabilmente è superato dalla realtà di tante altre stragi che sono rimaste nascoste, come stava succedendo anche nel caso del soccorso di Josepha. Un numero di vittime che, in termini percentuali, ormai quasi una persona su sette che tenta la traversata perde la vita, che non ha precedenti negli anni passati. La macchina del fango che lo scorso anno era stata attivata contro le ONG ha continuato a sommergere anche queste vite. Le ONG sono state costrette a ritirare le loro navi, quando non sono incappate, come a Malta, in provvedimenti di sequestro del tutto immotivati.

      Il caso della NIVIN appare ancora più grave per le possibili conseguenze sulle persone che si sono asserragliate sulla nave, e rende ancora più evidente le conseguenze della creazione “a tavolino” di una zona SAR libica che non soddisfa esigenze di ricerca e soccorso, privilegiando la salvaguardia della vita umana in mare, ma risponde soltanto alle politiche si chiusura dei porti degli stati europei. Che mirano ad esternalizzare i controlli di frontiera per delegare alle autorità libiche le attività SAR in modo da non dovere più garantire un porto sicuro di sbarco, come sarebbe imposto dalle Convenzioni internazionali. In realtà sia l’Unione Europea che l’Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati hanno finora escluso che la Libia possa essere considerata un “porto sicuro di sbarco”. Per l’UNHCR la Libia, o meglio nessuno dei governi che si dividono il suo territorio, è attualmente in grado di garantire “porti sicuri di sbarco”. Eppure secondo dati dell’UNHCR la sostanziale cessione di sovranità sulle acque internazionali rientranti nella cd. zona SAR libica aveva come conseguenza che “as of 14 November, the Libyan Coast Guard (LCG) has rescued/intercepted 14,595 refugees and migrants (10,184 men, 2,147 women and 1,408 children) at sea.”

      Secondo il più recente rapporto delle Nazioni Unite, con specifico riferimento al caso dei migranti intrappolati a bordo della NIVIN nel porto di Misurata, “the humanitarian community reiterates that disembarkation following search and rescue should be to a place of safety, and calls for the peaceful resolution of the situation. Under all circumstances, obligations under International Human Rights Law must be respected to ensure the safety and protection of all rescued people. The humanitarian community continues to advocate for alternatives to detention and transfer from disembarkation points to appropriate reception facilities for assistance, screening and solutions.

      Sorprende che a fronte di posizioni tanto nette delle Nazioni Unite, condivise anche dall’Unione Europea, un organismo internazionale come l’IMO, con sede a Londra, direttamente collegato con le stesse Nazioni Unite, consenta il mantenimento di una finzione, la cosiddetta zona SAR libica, che corrisponde alle esigenze politiche di alcuni paesi che vogliono in questo modo limitare il numero delle persone che fanno ingresso nel loro territorio, anche se si tratta di persone che richiedono una qualsiasi forma di protezione, o sono particolarmente vulnerabili per gli abusi subiti nel loro viaggio. Anche Amnesty International richiama i rischi che correrebbero i migranti ancora a bordo della Nivin, qualora fossero costretti allo sbarco a Misurata.

      In realtà se rimane da dimostrare in questa ultima occasione che il soccorso sia avvenuto effettivamente nella SAR libica e non nella zona SAR maltese, peraltro controversa anche in rapporto alle autorità italiane, appare confermato da fonti diverse che le autorità italiane e maltesi hanno risposto alle chiamate di soccorso delegando alla centrale di coordinamento congiunto libica (JRCC) le successive attività di ricerca e salvataggio. Come ha osservato Human Rights Watch, ancora una volta l’esistenza di una zona SAR libica e le dispute sulla competenza nei soccorsi tra gli stati mettono a rischio vite umane.

      Secondo quanto riferisce Francesca Mannocchi, “il viaggio dei migranti è iniziato il 6 novembre, quando 95 persone, tra cui 28 minori, sono partite a bordo di un gommone dalla città costiera di Khoms”. Come denunciato dai naufraghi, sei navi li avevano già avvistati, prima dell’intervento della NIVIN, ed hanno proseguito sulla loro rotta. Quando le autorità libiche hanno fatto intervenire la nave cargo per i soccorsi, il gommone aveva quasi raggiunto la zona SAR maltese, se non si trovava già al suo interno.

      Ormai da mesi le autorità oscurano i sistemi di rilevazione satellitare durante le attività di ricerca e salvataggio sulle rotte libiche, come se volessero nascondere le loro responsabilità, ed impedire l’accertamento di violazioni sempre più gravi del diritto internazionale e dei Regolamenti Europei. Le attività di monitoraggio aereo sulla rotta del Mediterraneo centrale sono infatti affidate ad assetti appartenenti alle operazioni Sophia di Eunavfor MED e Themis di Frontex, che dovrebbero operare nell’ambito dei Regolamenti europei n.656 del 2014 e 1624 del 2016, che privilegiano la salvaguardia della vita umana in mare, rispetto all’esigenza di difendere i confini e di contrastare l’immigrazione irregolare via mare.

      Dopo essere stati soccorsi/intercettati in acque internazionali dalla NIVIN, che si era posta nel frattempo sotto coordinamento SAR delle autorità libiche, per quanto i migranti manifestassero al comandante della nave le conseguenze alle quali sarebbero stati esposti in caso di ritorno in Libia e la volontà di chiedere protezione in Europa, questa si dirigeva verso il porto di Misurata, dove faceva ingresso nella giornata del 10 novembre. Come riferisce un recentissimo statement dell’UNHCR, “on 10 November, a commercial vessel reached the port of Misrata (187 km east of Tripoli) carrying 95 refugees and migrants who refused to disembark the boat. The individuals on board comprise of Ethiopian, Eritrean, South Sudanese, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Somali nationals. UNHCR is closely following-up on the situation of the 14 individuals who have already disembarked and ensuring the necessary assistance is provided and screening is conducted for solutions. Since the onset, UNHCR has advocated for a peaceful resolution of the situation and provided food, water and core relief items (CRIs) to alleviate the suffering of individuals onboard the vessel.

      Le autorità libiche considerano adesso come “illegali” i migranti a bordo della NIVIN, e si arriva alle minacce proferite dal comandante della guardia costiera di Tripoli Qacem che parla anche di “ammutinamento”. Come sono del resto ritenuti “illegali”, tanto da Serraj che da Haftar, e dalle autorità di Misurata, i migranti in transito in Libia. Quattordici dei più disperati a bordo della NIVIN, tra cui una donna ed un bambino, hanno accettato di sbarcare, sempre su richiesta della Guardia costiera libica, e sono stati portati in un centro di detenzione vicino al porto. Le stesse autorità, con l’aiuto della Mezzaluna rossa, dell’OIM e dell’UNHCR, hanno fornito agli altri naufraghi cibo, acqua, coperte e altri generi di prima necessità, ma la situazione rimane ancora bloccata dopo giorni di negoziati. I migranti chiedono di non essere sbarcati in un paese non sicuro, dove la loro integrità fisica, e la loro vita potrebbero essere a rischio.

      “Sono disperati – dice Julien Raickmann, capo missione di MSF – ci sono diverse persone, compresi i minori, torturati dai trafficanti per estorcere denaro. Un paziente in gravi condizioni ha rifiutato di essere portato in una struttura medica in Libia. Ha detto che preferirebbe morire sulla nave mercantile”. “Per i 70 migranti ancora a bordo non ci sono bagni, usano le bottiglie di plastica per urinare. Ai giornalisti è interdetto non solo l’accesso alla nave e al porto ma anche l’accesso alla città di Misurata. Chi prova a superare il check point verso Misurata rischia di essere espulso dal paese. I pochi giornalisti presenti in Libia, compresa Repubblica, sono costantemente monitorati dall’intelligence libica”, ha scritto Francesca Mannocchi.

      A raccontare al telefono questa storia alla giornalista è stato Dittur, diciannove anni, viene dal Sud Sudan. Il ragazzo ha anche raccontato di essere stato prelevato “dai trafficanti nel centro di detenzione ufficiale di Tariq al Sikka, a Tripoli, gestito dal ministero dell’Interno del governo Serraj. “I trafficanti possono entrare quando vogliono nelle prigioni, entrano a fare accordi con chi vuole partire e entrano per portare via chi può pagare la sua parte, con me hanno fatto così. Due settimane fa”. Come osserva Paolo Salvatore Orru’, “una storia di straordinario dolore e di ordinaria follia”.

      La situazione a bordo della NIVIN è ormai insopportabile e va scongiurato il rischio di un intervento violento, di polizia o di milizie, che potrebbe avere conseguenze imprevedibili, con un elevato numero di vittime. Non sembra possibile difendere i migranti che richiedono protezione in Europa seguendo il percorso dell’asilo extraterritoriale, per la evidente contrarietà dei paesi europei a riconoscere il diritto alla vita di chi viene soccorso in mare. Occorre tuttavia insistere, oltre questa vicenda ancora in corso, nella direzione della richiesta di visti umanitariin favore dei migranti intrappolati nei centri di detenzione in Libia. Una questione che va affrontata a livello di Nazioni Unite, se l’Unione Europea continuerà a dimostrare il suo disinteresse, se non la sua sostanziale avversione.

      Come hanno dimostrato precedenti anche recenti, tra i tanti il caso dell’intervento della Guardia costiera libica contro la nave umanitaria SEA WATCH del 6 novembre 2017, i ricorsi alla Corte europea dei diritti dell’Uomo non hanno consentito alle vittime alcuna tutela effettiva, ed immediata. Chi subisce una violazione dei diritti sanciti dalla Convenzione Europea a salvaguardia dei diritti dell’Uomo, si ritrova costretto a subire in Libia una situazione di grave precarietà, se non di detenzione, che non consente il conferimento della procura ad un legale, e quella tracciabilità dei ricorrenti richiesta dalla Corte di Strasburgo per non cancellare un ricorso dal ruolo. I tempi del ricorso sul caso Hirsi appaiono purtroppo assai lontani. Nel caso della NIVIN, se non si riuscisse a provare una responsabilità diretta di agenti di paesi aderenti al Consiglio d’Europa, si potrebbero porre anche complesse questioni di giurisdizione che non permetterebbero un immediata risposta alla richiesta di aiuto che ancora in questi giorni viene da persone disperate che si ritrovano su una nave nel porto di Misurata nella condizione di essere rigettati da un momento all’altro nella condizione “infernale” dalla quale erano riusciti ad allontanarsi.

      Occorre allora porre due questioni urgentialle Nazioni Unite ed alle agenzie che più direttamente seguono il caso dove sono presenti, l‘UNHCR e l’OIM in primo piano, per quanto concerne la situazione nel preteso punto di sbarco a Misurata, e in una prospettiva più ampia, all‘IMO a Londra, che con il suo segretariato vigila sulla ripartizione delle zone SAR (ripetiamo di ricerca e salvataggio, non di respingimento) tra i diversi stati che si dichiarano responsabili. Stati che in base alle Convenzioni internazionali sarebbero obbligati ad un costante coordinamento per garantire soccorsi immediati e lo sbarco in un place of safety, in un porto sicuro, quale in questo momento non può essere definito il porto di Misurata o altro porto libico.

      1) Le persone intrappolate a bordo della NIVIN vanno evacuate al più presto attraverso un corridoio umanitario, trattandosi per la loro provenienza e per le condizioni attuali, di persone altamente vulnerabili, come quelle poche decine di persone che sono state evacuate nei giorni scorsi da Tripoli verso Roma, con una cornice di propaganda che le autorità politiche potevano certamente evitare. La loro scelta forzata di non scendere a terra in porto, a Misurata, è dettata dal timore di subire trattamenti disumani e degradanti, non certo dalla volontà di impadronirsi della nave. Se non sarà possibile il loro resettlement in Italia, si dovrà trovare un altro stato europeo disposto ad accoglierli.

      2) Le Nazioni Unite, al pari dell’Unione Europea, non possono dichiarare che la Libia non garantisce “porti sicuri di sbarco” e continuare però a legittimare le attività di intercettazione in acque internazionali delegate alle motovedette delle diverse milizie libiche. Non si possono le reali condizioni di abbandono nella zona SAR libica, istituita dall’IMO il 28 giugno di quest’anno, e le condizioni disumane che i migranti ritrovano quando vengono riportati a terra, anche se nei porti, nei quali rimane ancora possibile accedere, UNHCR ed OIM tentano di fornire i primi aiuti e di individuare i casi più vulnerabili. Ma tutti i migranti fuggiti dalla Libia, che vengono riportati a terra dopo essere stati intercettati in alto mare, sono soggetti vulnerabili, come dimostra anche questo ultimo caso della NIVIN. Tutti hanno diritto allo sbarco in un place of safety.

      Occorre sospendere immediatamente il riconoscimento di questa zona SAR che di fatto non è garanzia di soccorso e salvaguardia della vita umana in mare, ma solo pretesto per operazioni di respingimento delegate alla sedicente Guardia costiera “libica”, che neppure “libica” riesce ad essere, allo stato della divisione del paese tra diverse autorità politiche e militari. Occorre anche chiarire i limiti dei livelli di assistenza e di coordinamento della stessa Guardia costiera libica da parte di paesi come l’Italia che non solo inviano motovedette da impiegare nelle attività di intercettazione, ma continuano a svolgere un ruolo attivo di coordinamento delle attività operative, anche al di fuori delle operazioni di ricerca e salvataggio (SAR). Sono del resto noti i rilevanti interessi economici italianinei principali porti petroliferi libici e nelle piattaforme offshore situate in acque internazionali. Impianti che in mare sono difesi anche dalle navi della Marina Militare della operazione Mare Sicuro, che sono dispiegate in prossimità degli impianti di estrazione del greggio. E che negli ultimi mesi non si sono fatte certo notare in attività di ricerca e salvataggio di persone in situazione di pericolo, che si è preferito affidare agli interventi delle navi commerciali, dopo l’allontanamento forzato delle ONG.

      L’Unione Europea, al di là della campagna elettorale permanente tutta rivolta a negare il diritto alla vita dei migranti intrappolati in Libia, dovrà rivolgere all’IMO una richiesta forte di sospendere il riconoscimento di una zona SAR libica, fino a quando in Libia non si saranno stabilite autorità centrali, e la Libia non avrà aderito, e applicato effettivamente, la Convenzione di Ginevra del 1951 sui rifugiati. Prima di allora, qualunque coinvolgimento di assetti navali o aerei europei in attività di intercettazione in acque internazionali, poi affidate alla sedicente Guardia costiera “libica”, potrebbe configurare oggettivamente una grave violazione dei divieti di respingimento sanciti dall’art. 33 della Convenzione di Ginevra, dall’art. 19 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione Europea e dell’art. 4 del Quarto Protocollo allegato alla CEDU, che vietano le espulsioni ed i respingimenti collettivi.

      Le organizzazioni non governative, ma anche le associazioni di armatori, devono essere ascoltate dal Segretariato dell’IMO, finora chiuso a qualunque sollecitazione, che deve sospendere il riconoscimento di una zona SAR “libica”, fino a quando non esista davvero uno stato libico unitario capace di organizzare coordinamento e mezzi di salvataggio. Va risolta una situazione di incertezza sulle competenze di soccorso e nella individuazione di un porto sicuro di sbarco che mette a rischio vite umane. Questi problemi non si risolvono con accordi bilaterali e rientrano anche nell’area di competenza dell’IMOn e delle Nazioni Unite.

      “With the adoption of the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (“SAR Convention”) in 1979, IMO has made great strides in the implementation of that Convention and the development of the global SAR plan, designating SAR regions of responsibility to individual IMO Member States aiming at covering the entire globe. In addition, since 2000, IMO has made continuous efforts to strengthen the global network of search and rescue services and regions established under the SAR Convention, including the establishment of a framework of regional Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centres and Maritime Rescue Sub-Centres in Africa for carrying out search and rescue operations following accidents at sea”.

      Questione che non si può lasciare alle trattative tra stati, o tra questi e ONG o singoli armatori, ogni volta che si verifichi un un incidente, come è successo negli ultimi mesi. Basti pensare ai diversi casi di boicottaggio dei soccorsi operati dalla nave Aquarius, fino alle pressioni italiane su Gibilterrra e Panama per il ritiro della bandiera, ed al blocco dei porti per giorni rispetto ad interventi di soccorso operati da navi commerciali come la Alexander Maersk.

      Occorre ricostruire quella collaborazione virtuosa tra navi umanitarie delle Organizzazioni non governative ed unità della Guardia costiera italiana che ha permesso negli ultimi anni di salvare decine di migliaia di vite. Occorre fare finalmente chiarezza sui ricorrenti tentativi di criminalizzazione dell’intervento umanitario, che ancora non sono riusciti a produrre un solo risultato certo in sede processuale.

      Gli organismi europei, e soprattutto l’agenzia FRONTEX, oggi definita Guardia di frontiera ecostiera europea, dovranno rispettare rigidamente gli obblighi di salvataggio, sanciti soprattutto dal Regolamento n.656 del 2014, e tutti i suoi assetti, comresi quelli impegnati nell’operazione Sophia di Eunavfor Med, dovranno anteporre la salvaguardia della vita umana in mare, alla finalità del contrasto dell’immigrazione irregolare. Operando diversamente gli agenti responsabili potrebbero esser chiamati a rispondere del loro operato davanti alla Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea, quale che sia l’esito delle prossime elezioni europee. Il rispetto dello stato di diritto, dei principi costituzionali, delle Convenzioni internazionali e dei Regolamenti, come delle Direttive europee, non si può condizionare in base all’andamento dei risultati elettorali. Come dovrebbe essere garantito, anche, a livello nazionale, per l’amministrazione della giustizia. Anche nell’accertamento delle responsabilità degli stati nell’omissione o nel ritardo riscontrabile nelle operazioni di ricerca e salvataggio.

      Infine, con la consapevolezza che si tratta di attendere, ma che alla fine si potranno accertare responsabilità internazionali che altrimenti godrebbero della più totale impunità, occorre attivare un circuito permanente di denuncia di quanto sta avvenendo nel Mediterraneo centrale, rivolto alla Corte Penale internazionale,che già si sta occupando della sedicente “Guardia costiera libica”, in casi nei quali i governi nazionali si dimostrano complici o indifferenti. Se qualcuno ha smarrito il valore della vita umana, o pensa di poterlo strumentalizzare a fini politici, è bene che si riesca, anche se in tempi più lunghi, ad accertare fatti e responsabilità.

      https://comune-info.net/2018/11/ancora-in-trappola-i-dannati-della-nivin

    • Migranti, Mediterranea: «Irruzione delle truppe libiche sulla nave Nivin»

      L’allarme della nave delle ong che da settimane svolge un servizio di soccorso e assistenza in mare

      Secondo quanto apprende Mediterranea, la nave delle ong che da settimane svolge un servizio di soccorso e assistenza in mare, forze armate libiche hanno fatto irruzione sulla nave Nivin, ancorata nel porto di Misurata in Libia.

      https://www.lapresse.it/cronaca/migranti_mediterranea_irruzione_delle_truppe_libiche_sulla_nave_nivin_-858090/news/2018-11-20

      Le tweet de Mediterranea:

      Apprendiamo che forze armate libiche hanno fatto irruzione sulla #Nivin, dalle 11.41 non si hanno notizie dei profughi a bordo. ITA ed EU non permettano violenza su persone che lottano per non essere ancora torturate. #Misurata @italyMFA @UNHCRlibya

      https://twitter.com/RescueMed/status/1064854071813775360?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E10

    • Les migrants du Nivin ont été débarqués à #Misrata et accusés de « #piraterie »

      Les autorités libyennes ont évacué mardi 20 novembre les 77 migrants qui refusaient depuis 10 jours de débarquer à Misrata. D’après les reporters de France 24 sur place, qui ont pu s’entretenir avec une source officielle ils ont été ramenés en centre de détention et sont accusés de « piraterie ».

      Mardi 20 novembre vers 10h30 heure de Paris, selon plusieurs sources concordantes, les autorités libyennes ont mené une opération musclée pour déloger les 77 migrants qui refusaient de sortir du navire commercial depuis 10 jours. Selon un média local, l’opération a été ordonnée par le procureur général de Misrata.

      « On a vu passer ce matin des ambulances qui fonçaient à toute allure et de nombreux fourgons avec des hommes en armes à l’intérieur », précise à InfoMigrants un humanitaire sur place. Les organisations internationales ont pour l’heure peu d’informations sur la situation, les autorités libyennes les ayant tenues à l’écart de l’évacuation. « On n’a pas été autorisés à suivre l’opération, on nous a bloqué l’accès », note encore l’humanitaire. L’opération s’est donc déroulée sans témoins.

      InfoMigrants a tenté de joindre, Victor*, son contact à bord mais c’est un homme se présentant comme un garde-côte libyen qui a répondu. « Tout ce que je peux vous dire c’est qu’il n’y a plus personne dans le bateau et que les migrants sont dans de bonnes conditions », a-t-il déclaré, laissant penser que le téléphone du migrant soudanais avait été saisi.

      Plusieurs sources évoquent au contraire une situation tendue. Selon le directeur de la sécurité et de la sûreté de la zone franche de Misrata interrogé par l’équipe de France 24 en Libye, les autorités libyennes ont fait usage de gaz lacrymogène et de balles en caoutchouc pour évacuer le bateau. Plusieurs personnes ont été blessées et sont désormais prises en charge à l’hôpital de Misrata.

      Des migrants accusés de « piraterie »

      D’après la même source, les migrants non blessés ont été envoyés au centre de détention de Kararim, à Misrata. Ils sont accusés de « piraterie », a expliqué le Directeur de la sécurité et de la sûreté de la zone franche de Misrata, à l’équipe de France 24.

      Un garde-côte libyen, joint par InfoMigrants plus tôt dans l’après-midi, a affirmé que certains des migrants avaient été présentés au procureur général.

      Secourus le 8 novembre au large de la Libye par un navire commercial battant pavillon panaméen, les migrants refusaient de débarquer au port de Misrata. « Plutôt mourir que de retourner en Libye », affirmaient-ils à InfoMigrants. Pendant des jours, les organisations internationales ont essayé de négocier avec les autorités libyennes une solution alternative aux centres de détention, sans succès.

      Elles redoutaient également l’usage de la force pour faire sortir les migrants calfeutrés à l’intérieur du bateau. Lundi 19 novembre, un membre d’une organisation internationale déclarait sous couvert d’anonymat à InfoMigrants : « Les Libyens font finir par perdre patience ».
      Les organisations internationales se disent aujourd’hui inquiètes du sort qui sera réservé aux leaders de la contestation. « On va être attentif à leur situation mais aussi à celles des autres migrants du Nivin », conclut un humanitaire.


      http://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/13459/les-migrants-du-nivin-ont-ete-debarques-a-misrata-et-accuses-de-pirate

  • US navy ship ignored sinking migrants’ cries for help, say survivors | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/09/us-navy-ship-ignored-sinking-migrants-cries-for-help-say-survivors

    Prosecutors in Sicily are examining allegations by shipwreck survivors that a US navy ship ignored distress calls and failed to assist them before their dinghy capsized.

    The USS Trenton rescued 42 people after the dinghy sank on 12 June, but survivors allege that the cruiser had earlier ignored their cries for help, failing to avert a disaster in which 76 people died.

    Magistrates in Ragusa confirmed that they have examined a video published by La Repubblica in which six survivors say the US cruiser was near the boat before the sinking – but appeared to ignore their request for help.

    #migrations #asile #réfugiés #mourir_mer #méditerranée

  • MIT and Harvard reconsidering Saudi ties after Khashoggi murder | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/13/saudi-arabia-mit-harvard-funding-mohammed-bin-salman-reconsidering-khas

    Last March, Saudi Arabia’s de facto ruler, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, came to the United States with a mission: to boost his image as a moderniser, liberaliser and reformer at a time when he stood accused of war crimes in Yemen and had recently consolidated power by jailing rivals, critics, rights activists and even family members.
    Saudi Arabia says it is a beacon of light fighting ‘dark’ Iran
    Read more

    Over the course of his three-week trip he appeared alongside American giants of government, business and entertainment, inking lucrative business deals while letting the celebrity and reputation of people such as Michael Bloomberg, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos and Dwayne Johnson rub off on him.

    #mit #boston #arabie_saoudite

  • Britain funds research into drones that decide who they kill, says report
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/10/autonomous-drones-that-decide-who-they-kill-britain-funds-research

    Investigation reveals that technology for autonomous lethal weapons with artificial intelligence is being funded by MoD Technologies that could unleash a generation of lethal weapons systems requiring little or no human interaction are being funded by the Ministry of Defence, according to a new report. The development of autonomous military systems – dubbed “killer robots” by campaigners opposed to them – is deeply contentious. Earlier this year, Google withdrew from the Pentagon’s Project (...)

    #BAE_Systems #algorithme #drone #militarisation

    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/01ef1303e50d88f7a41c872d1f6290bb13fb6f49/0_300_3000_1800/master/3000.jpg

  • Facial image matching system risks ’chilling effect’ on freedoms, rights groups say
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/07/facial-image-matching-system-risks-chilling-effect-on-freedoms-rights-g

    System dubbed ‘the capability’ processes Australians’ information whether they are crime suspects or not Civil rights groups have warned a vast, powerful system allowing the near real-time matching of citizens’ facial images risks a “profound chilling effect” on protest and dissent. The technology – known in shorthand as “the capability” – collects and pools facial imagery from various state and federal government sources, including driver’s licences, passports and visas. The biometric information (...)

    #algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #facial #vidéo-surveillance #surveillance

    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/58c814c0f05d3692bd63915a7fb486c3d62238ba/0_0_4511_2706/master/4511.jpg

  • Antarctic’s future in doubt after plan for world’s biggest marine reserve is blocked | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/02/plan-create-worlds-biggest-nature-reserve-antarctic-rejected


    A humpback whale shows its flukes while feeding in Antarctic waters.
    Photograph: Jiri Rezac/Greenpeace/EPA

    A plan to turn a huge tract of pristine Antarctic ocean into the world’s biggest sanctuary has been rejected, throwing the future of one of the Earth’s most important ecosystems into doubt.

    Environmental groups said Russia, China and Norway had played a part in blocking the proposal, with the other 22 members of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, the organisation set up to protect Antarctic waters, backing the proposal.

    The 1.8m sq km reserve – five times the size of Germany – would have banned all fishing in a vast area of the Weddell Sea and parts of the Antarctic peninsula, safeguarding species including penguins, killer whales, leopard seals and blue whales.

    Experts said it would also have played a key role in tackling climate change, as the seas around the Antarctic soak up huge amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But following days of talks in Hobart in Tasmania, the CCAMLR rejected the plan, which needed unanimous agreement to pass.

  • China needs to hear from its peers it cannot commit ethnic cleansing in Xinjiang | Frances Eve | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/china-is-committing-ethnic-cleansing-in-xinjiang-its-time-for-the-world

    Now is the time to act on China’s human rights abuses in Xinjiang. China’s efforts to destroy the ethnic Uighur identity through mass internment camps and militarised surveillance must be raised loudly and clearly condemned during a UN human rights review of China on Tuesday in Geneva.

    Countries afraid of standing up to China on their own can speak out on 6 November on a UN platform, known as the universal periodic review (UPR), where all countries equally take turns to be scrutinised by their peers about every four years. The UPR tests UN member states’ commitment to promoting and protecting human rights, but more pragmatically, it gives governments a shield to protect themselves when speaking up.
    […]
    Step-by-step the Xi Jinping regime has crossed thresholds unthinkable years ago, with little repercussion. The government detained nearly every single human rights lawyer over a single weekend in July 2015, imprisoned China’s only Nobel peace prize laureate until he died in custody in July 2017, and earlier this year, abolished presidential terms limits, paving the way for Xi to become dictator for life. The Han-dominated Chinese Communist party is now confident that the only way to govern Xinjiang is to eradicate the distinct Uighur identity in the name of countering terrorism. This cannot continue.
    […]
    What’s happening to Uighurs and Muslim minorities in Xinjiang is about the future of China and the wider world. Some of the policies and technologies used in Xinjiang won’t stay there. They’ll spread east across China and eventually find their way overseas.

    Au nom de l’anti-terrorisme. C’est peut-être en suivant la logique de ce tout dernier paragraphe que l’on peut trouver l’explication de l’inertie complète des gouvernements occidentaux…

  • EU border ’lie detector’ system criticised as pseudoscience

    Technology that analyses facial expressions being trialled in Hungary, Greece and Latvia.

    The EU has been accused of promoting pseudoscience after announcing plans for a “#smart_lie-detection_system” at its busiest borders in an attempt to identify illegal migrants.

    The “#lie_detector”, to be trialled in Hungary, Greece and Latvia, involves the use of a computer animation of a border guard, personalised to the traveller’s gender, ethnicity and language, asking questions via a webcam.

    The “deception detection” system will analyse the micro-expressions of those seeking to enter EU territory to see if they are being truthful about their personal background and intentions. Those arriving at the border will be required to have uploaded pictures of their passport, visa and proof of funds.

    According to an article published by the European commission, the “unique approach to ‘deception detection’ analyses the micro-expressions of travellers to figure out if the interviewee is lying”.

    The project’s coordinator, George Boultadakis, who works for the technology supplier, European Dynamics, in Luxembourg, said: “We’re employing existing and proven technologies – as well as novel ones – to empower border agents to increase the accuracy and efficiency of border checks. The system will collect data that will move beyond biometrics and on to biomarkers of deceit.”

    Travellers who have been flagged as low risk by the #avatar, and its lie detector, will go through a short re-evaluation of their information for entry. Those judged to be of higher risk will undergo a more detailed check.

    Border officials will use a handheld device to automatically crosscheck information, comparing the facial images captured during the pre-screening stage to passports and photos taken on previous border crossings.

    When documents have been reassessed, and fingerprinting, palm-vein scanning and face matching have been carried out, the potential risk will be recalculated. A border guard will then take over from the automated system.

    The project, which has received €4.5m (£3.95m) in EU funding, has been heavily criticised by experts.

    Bruno Verschuere, a senior lecturer in forensic psychology at the University of Amsterdam, told the Dutch newspaper De Volskrant he believed the system would deliver unfair outcomes.
    A neuroscientist explains: the need for ‘empathetic citizens’ - podcast

    “Non-verbal signals, such as micro-expressions, really do not say anything about whether someone is lying or not,” he said. “This is the embodiment of everything that can go wrong with lie detection. There is no scientific foundation for the methods that are going to be used now.

    “Once these systems are put into use, they will not go away. The public will only hear the success stories and not the stories about those who have been wrongly stopped.”

    Verschuere said there was no evidence for the assumption that liars were stressed and that this translated to into fidgeting or subtle facial movements.

    Bennett Kleinberg, an assistant professor in data science at University College London, said: “This can lead to the implementation of a pseudoscientific border control.”

    A spokesman for the project said: “The border crossing decision is not based on the single tool (ie lie detection) but on the aggregated risk estimations based on a risk-based approach and technology that has been used widely in custom procedures.

    “Therefore, the overall procedure is safe because it is not relying in the risk on one analysis (ie the lie detector) but on the correlated risks from various analysis.”

    The technology has been designed by a consortium of the Hungarian national police, Latvian customs, and Manchester Metropolitan and Leibnitz universities. Similar technology is being developed in the US, where lie detection is widely used in law enforcement, despite scepticism over its scientific utility in much of the rest of the world.

    Last month, engineers at the University of Arizona said they had developed a system that they hoped to install on the US-Mexico border known as the #Automated_Virtual_Agent_for_Truth_Assessments_in_Real-Time, or Avatar.

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/02/eu-border-lie-detection-system-criticised-as-pseudoscience?CMP=share_bt
    #wtf #what_the_fuck #frontières #contrôles_frontaliers #technologie #expressions_faciales #Grèce #Hongrie #Lettonie #mensonge #abus #gardes-frontière #biométrie #biomarqueurs #corps #smart_borders #risques #université #science-fiction
    ping @reka @isskein

    • Smart lie-detection system to tighten EU’s busy borders

      An EU-funded project is developing a way to speed up traffic at the EU’s external borders and ramp up security using an automated border-control system that will put travellers to the test using lie-detecting avatars. It is introducing advanced analytics and risk-based management at border controls.

      More than 700 million people enter the EU every year – a number that is rapidly rising. The huge volume of travellers and vehicles is piling pressure on external borders, making it increasingly difficult for border staff to uphold strict security protocols – checking the travel documents and biometrics of every passenger – whilst keeping disruption to a minimum.

      To help, the EU-funded project IBORDERCTRL is developing an ‘intelligent control system’ facilitating – making faster – border procedures for bona fide and law-abiding travellers. In this sense, the project is aiming to deliver more efficient and secure land border crossings to facilitate the work of border guards in spotting illegal immigrants, and so contribute to the prevention of crime and terrorism.

      ‘We’re employing existing and proven technologies – as well as novel ones – to empower border agents to increase the accuracy and efficiency of border checks,’ says project coordinator George Boultadakis of European Dynamics in Luxembourg. ‘IBORDERCTRL’s system will collect data that will move beyond biometrics and on to biomarkers of deceit.’
      Smart ‘deception detection’

      The IBORDERCTRL system has been set up so that travellers will use an online application to upload pictures of their passport, visa and proof of funds, then use a webcam to answer questions from a computer-animated border guard, personalised to the traveller’s gender, ethnicity and language. The unique approach to ‘deception detection’ analyses the micro-expressions of travellers to figure out if the interviewee is lying.

      This pre-screening step is the first of two stages. Before arrival at the border, it also informs travellers of their rights and travel procedures, as well as providing advice and alerts to discourage illegal activity.

      The second stage takes place at the actual border. Travellers who have been flagged as low risk during the pre-screening stage will go through a short re-evaluation of their information for entry, while higher-risk passengers will undergo a more detailed check.

      Border officials will use a hand-held device to automatically cross-check information, comparing the facial images captured during the pre-screening stage to passports and photos taken on previous border crossings. After the traveller’s documents have been reassessed, and fingerprinting, palm vein scanning and face matching have been carried out, the potential risk posed by the traveller will be recalculated. Only then does a border guard take over from the automated system.

      At the start of the IBORDERCTRL project, researchers spent a lot of time learning about border crossings from border officials themselves, through interviews, workshops, site surveys, and by watching them at work.

      It is hoped that trials about to start in Hungary, Greece and Latvia will prove that the intelligent portable control system helps border guards reliably identify travellers engaging in criminal activity. The trials will start with lab testing to familiarise border guards with the system, followed by scenarios and tests in realistic conditions along the borders.
      A mounting challenge

      ‘The global maritime and border security market is growing fast in light of the alarming terror threats and increasing terror attacks taking place on European Union soil, and the migration crisis,” says Boultadakis.

      As a consequence, the partner organisations of IBORDERCTRL are likely to benefit from this growing European security market – a sector predicted to be worth USD 146 billion (EUR 128 bn) in Europe by 2020.

      Project details

      Project acronym: #iBorderCtrl
      Participants: Luxembourg (Coordinator), Greece, Cyprus, United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, Hungary, Germany, Latvia
      Project N°: 700626
      Total costs: € 4 501 877
      EU contribution: € 4 501 877
      Duration: September 2016 to August 2019


      http://ec.europa.eu/research/infocentre/article_en.cfm?artid=49726

    • AVATAR - Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessments in Real-Time

      There are many circumstances, particularly in a border-crossing scenario, when credibility must be accurately assessed. At the same time, since people deceive for a variety of reasons, benign and nefarious, detecting deception and determining potential risk are extremely difficult. Using artificial intelligence and non-invasive sensor technologies, BORDERS has developed a screening system called the Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessments in Real-Time (AVATAR). The AVATAR is designed to flag suspicious or anomalous behavior that warrants further investigation by a trained human agent in the field. This screening technology may be useful at Land Ports of Entry, airports, detention centers, visa processing, asylum requests, and personnel screening.

      The AVATAR has the potential to greatly assist DHS by serving as a force multiplier that frees personnel to focus on other mission-critical tasks, and provides more accurate decision support and risk assessment. This can be accomplished by automating interviews and document/biometric collection, and delivering real-time multi-sensor credibility assessments in a screening environment. In previous years, we have focused on conducting the basic research on reliably analyzing human behavior for deceptive cues, better understanding the DHS operational environment, and developing and testing a prototype system.

      Principal Investigators:
      #Aaron_Elkins
      #Doug_Derrick
      #Jay_Nunamaker, Jr.
      #Judee_Burgoon
      Status:
      Current

      http://borders.arizona.edu/cms/projects/avatar-automated-virtual-agent-truth-assessments-real-time
      #University_of_Arizona

    • Un #détecteur_de_mensonges bientôt testé aux frontières de l’Union européenne

      L’Union européenne va tester dans un avenir proche un moyen de réguler le passage des migrants sur certaines de ses frontières, en rendant celui-ci plus simple et plus rapide. Ce moyen prendra la forme d’un détecteur de mensonges basé sur l’intelligence artificielle.

      Financé depuis 2016 par l’UE, le projet iBorderCtrl fera bientôt l’objet d’un test qui se déroulera durant six mois sur quatre postes-frontière situés en Hongrie, en Grèce et en Lettonie. Il s’avère que chaque année, environ 700 millions de nouvelles personnes arrivent dans l’UE, et les gardes-frontières ont de plus en plus de mal à effectuer les vérifications d’usage.

      Ce projet iBorderCtrl destiné à aider les gardes-frontières n’est autre qu’un détecteur de mensonges reposant sur une intelligence artificielle. Il s’agit en somme d’une sorte de garde frontière virtuel qui, après avoir pris connaissance des documents d’un individu (passeport, visa et autres), lui fera passer un interrogatoire. Ce dernier devra donc faire face à une caméra et répondre à des questions.

      L’IA en question observera la personne et fera surtout attention aux micro-mouvements du visage, le but étant de détecter un éventuel mensonge. À la fin de l’entretien, l’individu se verra remettre un code QR qui déterminera son appartenance à une des deux files d’attente, c’est-à-dire les personnes acceptées et celles – sur lesquelles il subsiste un doute – qui feront l’objet d’un entretien plus poussé avec cette fois, des gardes-frontières humains.

      Le système iBorderCtrl qui sera bientôt testé affiche pour l’instant un taux de réussite de 74 %, mais les porteurs du projet veulent atteindre au moins les 85 %. Enfin, évoquons le fait que ce dispositif pose assez logiquement des questions éthiques, et a déjà de nombreux opposants !

      L’IA a été présentée lors du Manchester Science Festival qui s’est déroulé du 18 au 29 octobre 2018, comme le montre la vidéo ci-dessous :
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fsd3Ubqi38

      https://sciencepost.fr/2018/11/un-detecteur-de-mensonges-bientot-teste-aux-frontieres-de-lunion-europee

  • ’They considered us toys’: North Korean women reveal extent of sexual violence | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/01/north-korea-women-sexual-violence-report

    Women in North Korea are routinely subjected to sexual violence by government officials, prison guards, interrogators, police, prosecutors, and soldiers, according to a new report, with groping and unwanted advances a part of daily life for women working in the country’s burgeoning black markets.

    The widespread nature of abuse by North Korea officials was documented in a new report by Human Rights Watch that interviewed 54 people who fled North Korea since 2011, the year Kim Jong-un came to power. It took more than two years amass the stories collected in the report, with subjects interviewed in countries across Asia.

    #corée_du_nord

  • Brazilian media report that police are entering university classrooms to interrogate professors

    In advance of this Sunday’s second-round presidential election between far-right politician Jair #Bolsonaro and center-left candidate Fernando Haddad, Brazilian media are reporting that Brazilian police have been staging raids, at times without warrants, in universities across the country this week. In these raids, police have been questioning professors and confiscating materials belonging to students and professors.

    The raids are part a supposed attempt to stop illegal electoral advertising. Brazilian election law prohibits electoral publicity in public spaces. However, many of the confiscated materials do not mention candidates. Among such confiscated materials are a flag for the Universidade Federal Fluminense reading “UFF School of Law - Anti-Fascist” and flyers titled “Manifest in Defense of Democracy and Public Universities.”

    For those worrying about Brazilian democracy, these raids are some of the most troubling signs yet of the problems the country faces. They indicate the extremes of Brazilian political polarization: Anti-fascist and pro-democracy speech is now interpreted as illegal advertising in favor of one candidate (Fernando Haddad) and against another (Jair Bolsonaro). In the long run, the politicization of these two terms will hurt support for the idea of democracy, and bolster support for the idea of fascism.

    In the short run, the raids have even more troublesome implications. Warrantless police raids in university classrooms to monitor professor speech have worrisome echoes of Brazil’s 1964-1985 military regime — particularly when the speech the raids are seeking to stop is not actually illegal.

    Perhaps the most concerning point of all is that these raids are happening before Bolsonaro takes office. They have often been initiated by complaints from Bolsonaro supporters. All of this suggests that if Bolsonaro wins the election — as is widely expected — and seeks to suppress the speech of his opponents, whom he has called “red [i.e., Communist] criminals,” he may have plenty of willing helpers.

    https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2018/10/26/18029696/brazilian-police-interrogate-professors
    #université #extrême_droite #Brésil #police #it_has_begun
    Je crois que je vais commencer à utiliser un nouveau tag, qui est aussi le nom d’un réseau : #scholars_at_risk

    • Brésil : à peine élu, Jair Bolsonaro commence la chasse aux opposants de gauche

      Les universités dans le viseur

      Enfin, toujours pour lutter contre l’opposition à gauche, Jair Bolsonaro entend faire pression sur les professeurs d’université qui parleraient de politique pendant leurs cours.

      Le président élu a récemment scandalisé une partie du monde éducatif en accusant des professeurs, cités avec leurs noms et prénoms, de défendre les régimes de Cuba et de Corée du Nord devant leurs élèves, dans une vidéo diffusée sur Internet.

      Et pour y remédier, il compte installer des pancartes devant les salles de cours pour appeler les étudiants à dénoncer leurs professeurs par le biais d’une « hotline » téléphonique dédiée à la question.

      https://www.bfmtv.com/international/bresil-a-peine-elu-jair-bolsonaro-commence-la-chasse-aux-opposants-de-gauche-

    • Au Brésil, vague de répression dans les universités à la veille du second tour

      Quelques jours avant le second tour de l’élection présidentielle brésilienne, qui voit s’affronter le candidat d’extrême droite Jair Bolsonaro et le candidat du Parti des travailleurs (PT) Fernando Haddad, les campus universitaires du pays ont fait face à une vague inédite de répression de la liberté d’expression. Jeudi 25 octobre, la police a investi 27 universités, à la demande des tribunaux électoraux, dont les juges sont chargés de faire respecter les règles de communication et de propagande électorales des partis en lice. Les forces de police étaient à la recherche de supposé matériel de propagande électorale illégale. En fait, ces opérations ont visé des banderoles antifascistes, de soutien à la démocratie, un manifeste en soutien à l’université publique, des débats et des cours sur la dictature, la démocratie et les « fakes news » – ces mensonges ayant été largement diffusés pendant la campagne, en particulier par l’extrême-droite… [1]

      À Rio, une juge a ainsi fait enlever une banderole du fronton du bâtiment de la faculté de droit de l’université fédérale Fluminense (UFF), sur laquelle était inscrit, autour du symbole antifasciste du double drapeau rouge et noir, « Droit UFF antifasciste ». À l’université de l’État de Rio, les agents électoraux ont retiré une banderole en hommage à Marielle Franco, l’élue municipale du parti de gauche PSOL assassinée en pleine rue en mars dernier.

      220 000 messages de haine en quatre jours contre une journaliste

      Dans une université du Pará, quatre policiers militaires sont entrés sur le campus pour interroger un professeur sur « son idéologie ». L’enseignant avait abordé la question des fake news dans un cours sur les médias numériques. Une étudiante s’en est sentie offensée, alléguant une « doctrine marxiste », et l’a dit à son père, policier militaire. Une enquête du journal la Folha de São Paulo a pourtant révélé mi-octobre que des entreprises qui soutiennent le candidat d’extrême droite avaient acheté les services d’entreprises de communication pour faire envoyer en masse des fausses nouvelles anti-Parti des travailleurs directement sur les numéros whatsapp – une plateforme de messagerie en ligne – des Brésiliens. L’auteure de l’enquête, la journaliste Patricia Campos Melo, et le quotidien de São Paulo, ont ensuite reçu 220 000 messages de haine en quatre jours ! [2] Le journal a demandé à la police fédérale de lancer une enquête.

      Mais ce sont des conférences et des débats sur la dictature militaire et le fascisme qui ont pour l’instant été interdits. C’est le cas d’un débat public intitulé « Contre la fascisme, pour la démocratie », qui devait avoir lieu à l’université fédérale de Rio Grande do Sul (la région de Porto Alegre). Devaient y participer l’ex-candidat du parti de gauche PSOL au premier tour de la présidentielle, Guilherme Boulos, un ancien ministre issu du Parti des travailleurs, des députés fédéraux du PT et du PSOL. « J’ai donné des cours et des conférences dans des universités en France, en Angleterre, au Portugal, en Espagne, en Allemagne, en Argentine, et ici, même pendant la dictature. Aujourd’hui, je suis censuré dans l’État, le Rio Grande do Sul, que j’ai moi-même gouverné. Le fascisme grandit », a réagi l’un des députés, Tarso Genro, sur twitter.

      Une banderole « moins d’armes, plus de livres » jugée illégale

      Dans le Paraíba, les agents du tribunal électoral se sont introduits dans l’université pour retirer une banderole où était simplement inscrit « moins d’armes, plus de livres ». « Cette opération de la justice électorale dans les universités du pays pour saisir du matériel en défense de la démocratie et contre le fascisme est absurde. Cela rappelle les temps sombres de la censure et de l’invasion des facultés », a écrit Guilherme Boulos, le leader du PSOL, sur twitter, ajoutant : « Le parti de la justice a formé une coalition avec le PSL », le parti de Bolsonaro. « De telles interventions à l’intérieur de campus au cours d’une campagne électorale sont inédites. Une partie de l’appareil d’État se prépare au changement de régime », a aussi alerté l’historienne française, spécialiste du Brésil, Maud Chirio, sur sa page Facebook.

      Dimanche dernier, dans une allocution filmée diffusée pour ses supporters rassemblés à São Paulo, Jair Bolsonaro a proféré des menaces claires à l’égard de ses opposants. « Ou vous partez en exil ou vous partez en prison », a-il dit, ajoutant « nous allons balayer ces bandits rouges du Brésil », et annonçant un « nettoyage jamais vu dans l’histoire de ce pays ». Il a précisé qu’il allait classer le Mouvements des paysans sans Terre (MST) et le Mouvement des travailleurs sans toit (MTST) comme des organisations terroristes, et menacé Fernando Haddad de l’envoyer « pourrir en prison aux côtés de Lula ».


      https://www.bastamag.net/Au-Bresil-vague-de-repression-dans-les-universites-a-la-veille-du-second-t

    • We deplore this attack on freedom of expression in Brazil’s universities

      107 international academics react to social media reports that more than 20 universities in Brazil have been invaded by military police in recent days, with teaching materials confiscated on ideological grounds

      Reports have emerged on social media that more than 20 universities in Brazil have been subjected in recent days to: invasions by military police; the confiscation of teaching materials on ideological grounds; and the suppression of freedom of speech and expression, especially in relation to anti-fascist history and activism.

      As academics, researchers, graduates, students and workers at universities in the UK, Europe and further afield, we deplore this attack on freedom of expression in Brazil’s universities, which comes as a direct result of the campaign and election of far-right President Bolsonaro.

      Academic autonomy is a linchpin not only of independent and objective research, but of a functioning democracy, which should be subject to scrutiny and informed, evidence-based investigation and critique.

      We call on co-workers, colleagues and students to decry this attack on Brazil’s universities in the name of Bolsonaro’s wider militaristic, anti-progressive agenda. We will not stand by as this reactionary populist attacks the pillars of Brazil’s democracy and education system. We will campaign vigorously in whatever capacity we can with activists, educators and lawmakers in Brazil to ensure that its institutions can operate without the interference of this new – and hopefully short-lived – government.
      Dr William McEvoy, University of Sussex, UK (correspondent)
      Dr Will Abberley, University of Sussex
      Nannette Aldred, University of Sussex
      Patricia Alessandrini, Stanford University, USA
      Dr Michael Alexander, University of Glasgow
      Steven Allen, Birkbeck, University of London
      Dr Katherine Angel, Birkbeck, University of London
      Pedro Argenti, University of Antwerp, Belgium
      Nick Awde, International Editor, The Stage newspaper, London
      Professor Ian Balfour, York University, Toronto, Canada
      Lennart Balkenhol, University of Melbourne, Australia
      Nehaal Bajwa, University of Sussex
      Dr Louis Bayman, University of Southampton
      Mark Bergfeld, former NUS NEC (2010-2012)
      Professor Tim Bergfelder, University of Southampton
      Dr Patricia Pires Boulhosa, University of Cambridge
      Dr Maud Bracke, University of Glasgow
      Max Brookman-Byrne, University of Lincoln
      Dr Conrad Brunström, Maynooth University, Ireland
      Dr Christopher Burlinson, Jesus College, Cambridge
      Professor Martin Butler, University of Sussex
      Professor Gavin Butt, University of Sussex
      Cüneyt Çakirlar, Nottingham Trent University
      Guilherme Carréra, University of Westminster
      Geoffrey Chew, Royal Holloway, University of London
      Dr Maite Conde, University of Cambridge
      Dr Luke Cooper, Anglia Ruskin University, UK, and Institute of Human Sciences, Vienna, Austria
      Dr Sue Currell, University of Sussex
      Professor Dimitris Dalakoglou, Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
      William Dalziel, University of Sussex
      Dr April de Angelis, Royal Holloway, University of London
      Dr Olga Demetriou, Durham University
      Dr Stephanie Dennison, University of Leeds
      Dr Steffi Doebler, University of Liverpool
      Dr Sai Englert, SOAS University of London
      James Erskine, University of Sussex and Birkbeck, University of London
      Professor Martin Paul Eve, Birkbeck, University of London
      John Fallas, University of Leeds
      Dr Lynne Fanthome, Staffordshire University
      Dr Hannah Field, University of Sussex
      Dr Adrian Garvey, Birkbeck, University of London
      Dr Laura Gill, University of Sussex
      Dr Priyamvada Gopal, University of Cambridge
      Bhavini Goyate, University of Sussex
      Dr Craig Haslop, University of Liverpool
      Professor Björn Heile, University of Glasgow
      Dr Phil Hutchinson, Manchester Metropolitan University
      Professor Martin Iddon, University of Leeds
      Dr Eleftheria Ioannidou, University of Groningen, Netherlands
      Dr Chris Kempshall, University of Sussex
      Andrew Key, University of California, Berkeley, USA
      Professor Laleh Khalili, SOAS University of London
      Dr Theodore Koulouris, University of Brighton
      Professor Maria Lauret, University of Sussex
      Professor Vicky Lebeau, University of Sussex
      Professor James Livesey, University of Dundee, Scotland
      Professor Luke Martell, University of Sussex
      Dr N Gabriel Martin, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
      Wolfgang Marx, University College, Dublin, Ireland
      Andy Medhurst, University of Sussex
      Professor Philippe Meers, University of Antwerp, Belgium
      Dr Shamira A Meghani, University of Cambridge
      Niccolo Milanese, CESPRA EHESS, Paris, France and PUC Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
      Dr Ian Moody, CESEM – Universidade Nova, Lisbon
      Professor Lucia Naqib, University of Reading
      Dr Catherine Packham, University of Sussex
      Professor Dimitris Papanikolaou, University of Oxford
      Mary Parnwell, University of Sussex
      Professor Deborah Philips, University of Brighton
      Dr Chloe Porter, University of Sussex
      Dr Jason Price, University of Sussex
      Dr Duška Radosavljević, Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, University of London
      Francesca Reader, University of Sussex and University of Brighton
      Naida Redgrave, University of East London
      Professor Nicholas Ridout, Queen Mary, University of London
      Professor Lucy Robinson, University of Sussex
      Dr Kirsty Rolfe, University of Sussex
      Dr Joseph Ronan, University of Brighton
      Dr Michael Rowland, University of Sussex
      Dr Zachary Rowlinson, University of Sussex
      Professor Nicholas Royle, University of Sussex
      Dr Eleanor Rycroft, University of Bristol
      Dr Jason Scott-Warren, University of Cambridge
      Dr Deborah Shaw, University of Portsmouth
      Dr Lisa Shaw, University of Liverpool
      Kat Sinclair, University of Sussex
      Sandrine Singleton-Perrin, University of Essex
      Despina Sinou, University of Paris 13 – Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
      Dave Smith, University of Hertfordshire
      John Snijders, Durham University
      Dr Samuel Solomon, University of Sussex
      Dr Arabella Stanger, University of Sussex
      Professor Rob Stone, University of Birmingham
      Bernard Sufrin, Emeritus Fellow, Dept of Computer Science, University of Oxford
      Dr Natasha Tanna, University of Cambridge
      Professor Lyn Thomas, University of Sussex
      Simon Thorpe, University of Warwick
      Dr Gavan Titley, Maynooth University, Ireland
      Dr Pamela Thurschwell, University of Sussex
      Dr Dominic Walker, University of Sussex
      Dr Ed Waller, University of Surrey and University of Portsmouth
      Dr Kiron Ward, University of Sussex
      Helen Wheatley, University of Warwick
      Ian Willcock, University of Herfordshire
      Professor Gregory Woods, Nottingham Trent University
      Dr Tom F Wright, University of Sussex
      Dr Heba Youssef, University of Brighton

      https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/01/we-deplore-this-attack-on-freedom-of-expression-in-brazils-universities
      #liberté_d'expression

    • Brazil Court Strikes Down Restrictions on University Speech

      Brazil´s Supreme Court issued an important decision striking down restrictions on political speech on university campuses in a unanimous ruling yesterday. Meanwhile, president-elect Jair Bolsonaro´s allies in Congress are pressing ahead with efforts to restrict what students and educators can discuss in the classroom.

      The court ruling overturned decisions by electoral court judges who recently ordered universities across the country to clamp down on what they considered illegal political campaigning. The orders were spurred by complaints from anonymous callers and, in a few cases, by members of conservative groups.

      For example, at Grande Dourados Federal University, court officials suspended a public event against fascism, according to the student group that organized it. At Campina Grande Federal University, police allegedly seized copies of a pamphlet titled “Manifesto in defense of democracy and public universities” and hard drives, said a professors´ association.

      At Rio de Janeiro State University, police ordered the removal of a banner honoring Marielle Franco, a black lesbian human rights defender and councilwoman murdered in March, despite not having a judicial order.

      The attorney general, Raquel Dodge, asked the Supreme Court to rule the electoral court judges´ decisions unconstitutional, and Supreme Court justice Cármen Lúcia Rocha issued an injunction stopping them. The full court upheld that decision on October 31.

      “The only force that must enter universities is the force of ideas,” said Rocha.

      “The excessive and illegitimate use of force by state agents … echoes somber days in Brazilian history,” said Justice Rosa Weber, referring to Brazil´s 1964 – 1985 military dictatorship.

      The ruling comes as Bolsonaro, who remains in Congress until he assumes the presidency on January 1, and his allies push a bill that would prohibit teachers from promoting their own opinions in the classroom or using the terms “gender” or “sexual orientation,” and would order that sex and religious education be framed around “family values.”

      A state representative-elect from Bolsonaro´s party has even called on students to film and report teachers who make “political-partisan or ideological statements.” Bolsonaro made a similar call in 2016. State prosecutors have filed a civil action against the representative-elect, alleging she instituted “an illegal service for the political and ideological control of teaching activities.”

      In his long career in Congress, Bolsonaro has endorsed abusive practices that undermine the rule of law, defended the dictatorship, and has been a vocal proponent of bigotry.

      More than ever, Brazil needs its judiciary to defend human rights within and outside the classroom.


      https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/11/01/brazil-court-strikes-down-restrictions-university-speech
      #cour_suprême #justice

    • Présidentielle au Brésil : relents de dictature militaire

      Présidentielle au Brésil : Bolsonaro et le « risque d’un retour à l’ordre autoritaire en Amérique latine »

      Porté par plus de deux cents universitaires, responsables politiques et citoyens d’Europe et du Canada, ce manifeste s’inscrit dans un mouvement mondial de soutien à la démocratie face à la violence déchaînée par la candidature de Jair Bolsonaro au Brésil. Il est ouvert aux démocrates de toutes les sensibilités politiques. Face au risque imminent d’un retour à l’ordre autoritaire en Amérique latine, la solidarité internationale est impérative.

      Nous, citoyens, intellectuels, militants, personnalités politiques vivant, travaillant et étudiant en Europe et au Canada, exprimons notre vive inquiétude face à la menace imminente de l’élection de Jair Bolsonaro à la présidence du Brésil le 28 octobre 2018.

      Le souvenir de la dictature militaire

      La victoire de l’extrême droite radicale au Brésil risque de renforcer le mouvement international qui a porté au pouvoir des politiciens réactionnaires et antidémocratiques dans de nombreux pays ces dernières années.

      Bolsonaro défend ouvertement le souvenir de la dictature militaire qui a imposé sa loi au Brésil entre 1964 et 1985, ses pratiques de torture et ses tortionnaires. Il méprise le combat pour les droits humains. Il exprime une hostilité agressive envers les femmes, les Afro-descendants, les membres de la communauté LGBT +, les peuples autochtones et les pauvres. Son programme vise à détruire les avancées politiques, économiques, sociales, environnementales et culturelles des quatre dernières décennies, ainsi que l’action menée par les mouvements sociaux et le camp progressiste pour consolider et étendre la démocratie au Brésil.

      L’élection de Bolsonaro menace les fragiles institutions démocratiques pour la construction desquelles les Brésilien·ne·s ont pris tant de risques. Son arrivée au pouvoir serait aussi un frein majeur à toute politique internationale ambitieuse en matière de défense de l’environnement et de préservation de la paix.

      Premiers signataires : Martine Aubry , maire de Lille, ancienne ministre (PS) ; Luc Boltanski , sociologue, directeur d’études, EHESS ; Peter Burke , historien, professeur émérite à l’université de Cambridge ; Roger Chartier , historien, directeur d’études EHESS/Collège de France ; Mireille Clapot , députée de la Drôme, vice-présidente de la commission des affaires étrangères (LRM) ; Laurence Cohen , sénatrice du Val-de-Marne (PCF) ; Didier Fassin , professeur de sciences sociales, Institute for advanced study, Princeton ; Carlo Ginzburg , professeur émérite à UCLA et à l’Ecole normale supérieure de Pise ; Eva Joly , députée européenne (groupe Verts-ALE) ; Pierre Louault , sénateur d’Indre-et-Loire (UDI) ; Paul Magnette, bourgmestre de Charleroi, ex-ministre président de la Wallonie, ex-président du Parti socialiste belge ; Thomas Piketty , directeur d’études à l’EHESS.

      http://jennifer-detemmerman.fr/index.php/2018/10/23/presidentielle-au-bresil-relents-de-dictature-militaire

    • Une pétition qui a été lancé avant l’élection...
      Defend Democracy in Brazil. Say No to Jair Bolsonaro

      Defend Democracy in Brazil,

      Say No to Jair Bolsonaro

      We, citizens, intellectuals, activists, politicians, people living, working, and studying in Europe and Canada, wish to express our growing alarm at the imminent threat of Jair Bolsonaro’s election to the presidency on October 28, 2018. The potential victory of a far-right radical in Brazil would reinforce a dangerous international trend of extremely reactionary and anti-democratic politicians gaining state power in recent years.

      Bolsonaro explicitly defends the Brazilian military dictatorship that ruled the country from 1964-85 and praises torture and torturers. He condemns human rights efforts. He has expressed aggressive and vile hostility toward women, people of African descent, the LGBT+ community, indigenous people, and the poor. His proposed policies would effectively undo all of the political, social, economic, labor, environmental, and cultural gains of the last four decades, efforts by social movements and progressive politicians to consolidate and expand democracy in Brazil. A Bolsonaro presidency also threatens to undermine the still fragile democratic politics that people throughout Brazil have risked so much to build.

      His election would seriously hamper any ambitious international effort for environmental protection, against climate change and for the preservation of peace.

      Adapted version of the text « Defend Democracy in Brazil, Say No to Jair Bolsonaro! »

      https://www.change.org/p/association-pour-la-recherche-sur-le-br%C3%A9sil-en-europe-pour-la-d%C3%A9fe