/04

L’abolition carcérale doit inclure la psychiatrie
▻https://infokiosques.net/spip.php?article1844

« En anglais, le mouvement pour l’abolition fait généralement référence aux luttes anticarcérales. Ce mouvement recouvre les luttes contre les prisons, le système pénal, les forces de l’ordre et l’industrie qui tire profit de ce système. Ces luttes visent ainsi à mettre fin aux pratiques d’enfermement, de punition, de coercition, de contrôle social et de ségrégation. Il s’agit également d’expérimenter des façons non-oppressives de répondre aux besoins de sécurité, de résolution de conflits et de gestion de crises. Cependant, l’abolition est aussi un objectif central pour l’antipsychiatrie et l’antivalidisme, puisque la fin de l’institutionnalisation des personnes handies et psychiatrisées est une condition essentielle à notre émancipation. (...) Les recoupements entre les luttes antipsychiatriques et (...)

#A #Prison,_justice,_répression #Antipsychiatrie #Infokiosque_fantôme_partout_
▻https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophobie
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/magazine/prison-abolition-ruth-wilson-gilmore.html
▻https://www.aaihs.org/prison-abolition-syllabus-2-0
▻https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WvhS43qeMzm7qQ1iDCWshCNCZQLUZ6IazRlsJDFlQ5E/mobilebasic
▻https://www.madinamerica.com/2020/03/report-psychiatric-interventions-torture
▻https://blog.usejournal.com/we-dont-need-cops-to-become-social-workers-we-need-peer-support-b8e
▻https://projectlets.org/blog/asylums
▻http://www.luhrmann.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/social-defeat.pdf
▻https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-depression-just-bad-chemistry
▻https://www.ncmhr.org/downloads/ADA-Legacy-Project-Mental-Health-CSX-Movement-History-Milestones.pdf
▻https://www.madinamerica.com/2018/12/mia-survey-force-trauma-sexual-abuse-mental-hospitals
▻https://www.polk.k12.ga.us/userfiles/644/Classes/177912/Code%20of%20Ur-Nammu.pdf
▻https://cssp.org/2019/11/honoring-the-global-indigenous-roots-of-restorative-justice/#:~:text=Talking%20circles%20is%20another%20approach,each%20other%20and%20the%.
▻http://www.review.upeace.org/pdf.cfm?articulo=124&ejemplar=23
▻https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12069122_Postpsychiatry_A_new_direction_for_mental_health
▻https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h3106t.html
▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_justice
▻https://projectlets.org
▻http://www.hearing-voices.org
▻https://www.madinamerica.com
▻https://www.sinsinvalid.org
▻https://www.healthjusticecommons.org
▻https://www.westernmassrlc.org
▻https://behearddc.org
▻https://disabilityvisibilityproject.com/2020/07/22/abolition-must-include-psychiatry
▻https://infokiosques.net/IMG/pdf/l_abolition_carcerale_doit_inclure_la_psychiatrie-cahier-juillet2020-4
▻https://infokiosques.net/IMG/pdf/l_abolition_carcerale_doit_inclure_la_psychiatrie-fil-juillet2020-8pA5

The Hottest App in China Teaches Citizens About Their Leader — and, Yes, There’s a Test
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/world/asia/china-xi-jinping-study-the-great-nation-app.html

CHANGSHA, China — Inside a fishing gear store on a busy city street, the owner sits behind a counter, furiously tapping a smartphone to improve his score on an app that has nothing to do with rods, reels and bait. The owner, Jiang Shuiqiu, a 35-year-old army veteran, has a different obsession : earning points on Study the Great Nation, a new app devoted to promoting President Xi Jinping and the ruling Communist Party — a kind of high-tech equivalent of Mao’s Little Red Book. Mr. Jiang spends (...)

#Alibaba #Apple #algorithme #smartphone #manipulation #microtargeting #notation #profiling (...)

##surveillance

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/03/27/world/00china-app-3/00china-app-3-facebookJumbo.jpg

Made in China, Exported to the World : The Surveillance State
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/technology/ecuador-surveillance-cameras-police-government.html

In Ecuador, cameras capture footage to be examined by police and domestic intelligence. The surveillance system’s origin : China. QUITO, Ecuador — The squat gray building in Ecuador’s capital commands a sweeping view of the city’s sparkling sprawl, from the high-rises at the base of the Andean valley to the pastel neighborhoods that spill up its mountainsides. The police who work inside are looking elsewhere. They spend their days poring over computer screens, watching footage that comes in (...)

#Huawei #algorithme #CCTV #activisme #biométrie #exportation #géolocalisation #journalisme #facial #reconnaissance #écoutes #vidéo-surveillance (...)

##surveillance

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/09/01/business/ECUADOR_17a/ECUADOR_17a-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg

In a Secret Bunker in the Andes, a Wall That Was Really a Window
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/26/reader-center/ecuador-china-surveillance-spying.html

Before a video interview with an Ecuadorean intelligence chief, I thought I was adjusting a dimmer switch. What I inadvertently revealed broke our story open. We were in a secret unmarked bunker built into the side of the Ecuadorean Andes. It belonged to Senain — Ecuador’s secretive intelligence agency. Feared among activists, journalists and political opponents, Senain was widely accused of spying, overreach and ideological and political intimidation and repression. We were in Ecuador (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #activisme #biométrie #exportation #géolocalisation #journalisme #facial #reconnaissance #vidéo-surveillance #écoutes (...)

##surveillance

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/26/insider/26insider-ecuador/merlin_153565140_e8515cf7-8f9f-4ad7-8b22-783eab1dab31-facebookJumbo.jpg

Secret US Intelligence Files Provide History’s Verdict on Argentina’s Dirty War.
▻https://www.thenation.com/article/argentina-dirty-wars

https://www.thenation.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Kornbluh-PinochetDeclassified_ftr_img.jpg?scale=896&compress=80

This past spring, nearly 42 years after Hidalgo Solá’s disappearance, the Trump administration declassified some 47,000 pages of secret US intelligence files on the “Dirty War” that Argentina’s military government waged against its own people. More than 7,000 CIA, FBI, Pentagon, and National Security Council (NSC) records—now posted on a specially created US government website at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence—shed considerable light on the state of terror that existed in Argentina from 1976 to 1983, when the military held power. The detailed documents provide extensive new evidence on the infrastructure of repression, Argentina’s role in the international terrorism campaign known as Operation Condor, and most important, the fate of hundreds of desaparecidos who were kidnapped, tortured, and murdered—among them Hidalgo Solá.

“Suspicion will fall on military hardliners who were upset last year when Hidalgo Solá received at his embassy a labor leader ousted after the March 24, 1976 coup,” states one secret intelligence assessment filed just eight days after the ambassador disappeared. FBI sources believed he had been eliminated because the military suspected him of providing passports to exiled opponents of the regime in Venezuela, according to another report. “Hidalgo Solá was kidnapped and assassinated by a special group which has worked for the State Intelligence Secretariat (SIDE),” asserts a secret CIA intelligence cable, which identified the agents responsible and provided an address for the secret torture center where he was allegedly held.

Recently declassified documents constitute a gruesome and sadistic catalog of state terrorism.

Silicon Valley Came to Kansas Schools. That Started a Rebellion. - The New York Times
►https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/technology/silicon-valley-kansas-schools.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/13/us/politics/00summit-new5/00summit-new5-facebookJumbo.jpg

Silicon Valley had come to small-town Kansas schools — and it was not going well.

“I want to just take my Chromebook back and tell them I’m not doing it anymore,” said Kallee Forslund, 16, a 10th grader in Wellington.

Eight months earlier, public schools near Wichita had rolled out a web-based platform and curriculum from Summit Learning. The Silicon Valley-based program promotes an educational approach called “personalized learning,” which uses online tools to customize education. The platform that Summit provides was developed by Facebook engineers. It is funded by Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, and his wife, Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician.

Many families in the Kansas towns, which have grappled with underfunded public schools and deteriorating test scores, initially embraced the change. Under Summit’s program, students spend much of the day on their laptops and go online for lesson plans and quizzes, which they complete at their own pace. Teachers assist students with the work, hold mentoring sessions and lead special projects. The system is free to schools. The laptops are typically bought separately.

Then, students started coming home with headaches and hand cramps. Some said they felt more anxious. One child asked to bring her dad’s hunting earmuffs to class to block out classmates because work was now done largely alone.

“We’re allowing the computers to teach and the kids all looked like zombies,” said Tyson Koenig, a factory supervisor in McPherson, who visited his son’s fourth-grade class. In October, he pulled the 10-year-old out of the school.

“Change rarely comes without some bumps in the road,” said Gordon Mohn, McPherson’s superintendent of schools. He added, “Students are becoming self-directed learners and are demonstrating greater ownership of their learning activities.”

John Buckendorf, Wellington High School’s principal, said the “vast majority of our parents are happy with the program.”

The resistance in Kansas is part of mounting nationwide opposition to Summit, which began trials of its system in public schools four years ago and is now in around 380 schools and used by 74,000 students. In Brooklyn, high school students walked out in November after their school started using Summit’s platform. In Indiana, Pa., after a survey by Indiana University of Pennsylvania found 70 percent of students wanted Summit dropped or made optional, the school board scaled it back and then voted this month to terminate it. And in Cheshire, Conn., the program was cut after protests in 2017.

“When there are frustrating situations, generally ki

ds get over them, parents get over them, and they all move on,” said Mary Burnham, who has two grandchildren in Cheshire’s school district and started a petition to end Summit’s use. “Nobody got over this.”

Silicon Valley has tried to remake American education in its own image for years, even as many in tech eschew gadgets and software at home and flood into tech-free schools. Summit has been part of the leading edge of the movement, but the rebellion raises questions about a heavy reliance on tech in public schools.

For years, education experts have debated the merits of self-directed, online learning versus traditional teacher-led classrooms. Proponents argue that programs like Summit provide children, especially those in underserved towns, access to high-quality curriculums and teachers. Skeptics worry about screen time and argue that students miss out on important interpersonal lessons.❞

When this school year started, children got laptops to use Summit software and curriculums. In class, they sat at the computers working through subjects from math to English to history. Teachers told students that their role was now to be a mentor .

Myriland French, 16, a student at Wellington’s high school, said she had developed eye strain and missed talking to teachers and students in class. “Everyone is more stressed now,” she said.

#Facebook #Education #Summit

Long-Term Use of Antibiotics Tied to Heart Risks - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/well/live/long-term-use-of-antibiotics-tied-to-heart-risks.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/09/14/well/well_pog_heart/well_pog_heart-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg

Using antibiotics for two months or longer may be linked to an increase in a woman’s risk for cardiovascular disease.

The finding, published in the European Heart Journal, applied to women who used the drugs when they were 40 and older.

Researchers used data on 36,429 women free of cardiovascular disease at the start of the study who were participating in a continuing long-term health study. Beginning in 2004, the women reported their use of antibiotics.

Over seven years of follow-up, there were 1,056 cases of cardiovascular disease. Compared with women who never used them, women who used antibiotics for two months or longer during their 40s and 50s had a 28 percent increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and women over 60 who used them that long had a 32 percent increased risk.

The study controlled for family history of heart attack, body mass index, hypertension, the use of other medications and other factors.

“It’s difficult to distinguish the effect of the antibiotic on cardiovascular disease from the effect of the disease for which the antibiotic was taken, and that’s a potential limitation of the study,” said the lead author, Lu Qi, now a professor of epidemiology at Tulane University. “But that we are seeing the effect of the disease instead of the antibiotic is unlikely, because we see the effect in so many different diseases where antibiotics are used.”

#antibiotique #risque_cardiovasculaire #femmes

A ‘Women’s New Deal’ - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/30/us/cecile-richards-supermajority.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/30/us/30IHW-supermajority/30IHW-supermajority-facebookJumbo.jpg

A trio of high-profile leaders — Cecile Richards, Alicia Garza, Ai-jen Poo — introduce Supermajority, a group that wants to guide millions of American women toward political activism.

Apple Cracks Down on Apps That Fight iPhone Addiction
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/27/technology/apple-screen-time-trackers.html

They all tell a similar story : They ran apps that helped people limit the time they and their children spent on iPhones. Then Apple created its own screen-time tracker. And then Apple made staying in business very, very difficult. Over the past year, Apple has removed or restricted at least 11 of the 17 most downloaded screen-time and parental-control apps, according to an analysis by The New York Times and Sensor Tower, an app-data firm. Apple has also clamped down on a number of (...)

#Apple #iPhone #smartphone #addiction

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/27/business/27apple/27apple-facebookJumbo-v2.jpg

China’s vast fleet is tipping the balance in the Pacific

The Chinese navy, which is growing faster than any other major fleet, now controls the seas off its coast. Once dominant, the United States and its allies sail warily in these waters. A former U.S. naval officer says China’s advances have caught America napping.
▻https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/china-army-navy
#chine #etatsunis

One Month, 500,000 Face Scans : How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a Minority
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html

In a major ethical leap for the tech world, Chinese start-ups have built algorithms that the government uses to track members of a largely Muslim minority group. The Chinese government has drawn wide international condemnation for its harsh crackdown on ethnic Muslims in its western region, including holding as many as a million of them in detention camps. Now, documents and interviews show that the authorities are also using a vast, secret system of advanced facial recognition technology (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #vidéo-surveillance #discrimination #surveillance #profiling #Islam (...)

##facial

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/11/business/00chinaprofiling-1/00chinaprofiling-1-facebookJumbo.jpg

Lettre d’Omar Barghouti publiée dans le New-York Times :

Views of a Founder of B.D.S.
Omar Barghouti, The New-York Times, le 24 avril 2019
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/opinion/letters/israel-palestinians-bds.html

Michelle Goldberg eloquently shatters taboos about the B.D.S. movement (boycott, divestment, sanctions) for Palestinian rights, opening space for debate. But her depiction of my opinion on Jewish rights in a democratic, one-state solution misses its nuances.

B.D.S. does not endorse any political solution, but I have, personally, advocated consistently for a single democratic state with equality for all, after ending “Zionist colonization,” as the Zionist leader Zeev Jabotinsky described it in 1923.

An apartheid state legally and institutionally privileging the colonizers in historic Palestine defies international law, ethical principles and common sense.

As the philosopher Joseph Levine has written, “The very idea of a Jewish state [in Palestine] is undemocratic, a violation of the self-determination rights of its non-Jewish citizens, and therefore morally problematic.”

A true inclusive democracy, free from all colonial subjugation, discrimination and oppression, would enable Palestinian refugees to return and include Jewish Israelis as equal citizens and full partners in building a new shared society.

Diversity would be celebrated, and collective cultural and religious rights respected and protected. Coexistence would thus be ethical and sustainable.

A mettre avec l’évolution de la situation aux États-Unis (et du #New-York_Times ) vis à vis de la Palestine :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/752002

#Palestine #USA #BDS #Omar_Barghouti

Silicon Valley Came to Kansas Schools. That Started a Rebellion.
►https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/technology/silicon-valley-kansas-schools.html

WELLINGTON, Kan. — The seed of rebellion was planted in classrooms. It grew in kitchens and living rooms, in conversations between students and their parents.

It culminated when Collin Winter, 14, an eighth grader in McPherson, Kan., joined a classroom walkout in January. In the nearby town of Wellington, high schoolers staged a sit-in. Their parents organized in living rooms, at churches and in the back of machine repair shops. They showed up en masse to school board meetings. In neighborhoods with no political yard signs, homemade signs with dark red slash marks suddenly popped up.

Silicon Valley had come to small-town Kansas schools — and it was not going well.

“I want to just take my Chromebook back and tell them I’m not doing it anymore,” said Kallee Forslund, 16, a 10th grader in Wellington.

Eight months earlier, public schools near Wichita had rolled out a web-based platform and curriculum from Summit Learning. The Silicon Valley-based program promotes an educational approach called “personalized learning,” which uses online tools to customize education. The platform that Summit provides was developed by Facebook engineers. It is funded by Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, and his wife, Priscilla Chan, a pediatrician.

#éducation #technologie #écrans #philantropie

Opinion | Insurers Want to Know How Many Steps You Took Today - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/opinion/insurance-ai.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/14/opinion/sunday/10Jeong/10Jeong-facebookJumbo.jpg

A smartphone app that measures when you brake and accelerate in your car. The algorithm that analyzes your social media accounts for risky behavior. The program that calculates your life expectancy using your Fitbit.

This isn’t speculative fiction — these are real technologies being deployed by insurance companies right now. Last year, the life insurance company John Hancock began to offer its customers the option to wear a fitness tracker — a wearable device that can collect information about how active you are, how many calories you burn, and how much you sleep. The idea is that your Fitbit or Apple Watch can tell whether or not you’re living the good, healthy life — and if you are, your insurance premium will go down.

#assurance #surveillance#santé

#F.D.A. Halts U.S. Sales of Pelvic Mesh, Citing Safety Concerns for Women - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/16/health/vaginal-pelvic-mesh-fda.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/16/science/16VMESH/16VMESH-facebookJumbo.jpg

It is the most stringent action the F.D.A. has taken in the lengthy legal and medical battles over vaginal mesh, a synthetic product that has been implanted in millions of women to strengthen weakened pelvic muscles that can cause the bladder, the uterus and other organs to sag into the vaginal area.

The agency issued the decision against the two companies, Boston Scientific and Coloplast, at a time when multimillion-dollar verdicts against manufacturers of the devices continue to be awarded or upheld on appeal.

Litigation over pelvic mesh, also called transvaginal mesh, ranks as one of the largest mass tort cases in the nation’s history in terms of claims filed, number of corporate defendants and settlement dollars. Seven medical device manufacturers, including Boston Scientific and Johnson & Johnson, are paying nearly $8 billion to resolve the claims of more than 100,000 women.

J’ai traduit ce début d’article de Michael Kimmerlman du New York Times. Difficile en effet de ne pas faire de parallèle entre ce symbole de la France en flamme et la situation politique du pays....

"Une France en plein bouleversement pleure un symbole de l’identité profonde de Paris." par MIchael Kimmelman du New York Times. article du 15 avril 2019.

" Le feu à Notre-Dame est arrivé le jour où le président, sur la sellette, du pays, Emmanuel Macron, devait expliquer comment il allait répondre aux exigences du mouvement des Gilets Jaunes. Une nation angoissée et agitée s’est battue pour faire face à des mois de soulèvement et à un filet de sécurité mité qui avait déclenché les manifestations. Des générations qui comptaient sur ce filet de sécurité, comme fierté nationale et symbole d’identité, le voit partir en fumée.
Lundi, la cathédrale partait aussi en fumée, elle qui a consacré pendant des siècles une notion évolutive de la francité. Il était difficile de rater la symbolique."

A France in Turmoil Weeps for a Symbol of Paris’s Enduring Identity par Michael Kimmelman -New York Times.
"The fire at Notre-Dame happened on the day that the country’s troubled president, Emmanuel Macron, was supposed to explain how he intended to address the demands of the “Yellow Vest” movement. An anguished, restless nation has struggled to cope with the monthslong uprising and with the frayed social safety net that spurred the protests. Generations that had come to rely on this social safety net, as a matter of national pride and identity, see it going up in smoke.
On Monday, so was the cathedral, which for centuries has enshrined an evolving notion of Frenchness. The symbolism was hard to miss."

▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/15/world/europe/notre-dame-france-fire.html?action=click&module=Top%2520Stories&pgtype=Home

#paris #cathedrale #france #giletsjaunes

You’re Covered in Fungi. How Does That Affect Your Health? - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/09/health/fungus-microbiome-bowel-disease.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/09/science/09FUNGI/merlin_153101826_ca00c2c0-e4be-411c-acf7-6a875714ddaa-facebookJumbo.jpg

Following extensive study of the body’s bacterial occupants, researchers are turning to how our fungal residents may contribute to inflammatory bowel diseases and other maladies.

#champignons #mycoses #microbiote #santé

Netanyahu’s Coalition May Help Stave Off Indictment - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/world/middleeast/netanyahus-coalition-may-help-stave-off-indictment.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/10/world/10immunity1/10netanyahus-israel1-facebookJumbo.jpg

Netanyahu protégé de la justice pour prix de son élection. Ca ne traîne pas !

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, who emerged from this week’s election poised to win a fourth consecutive term, may benefit from an effort by his right-wing coalition to protect him from prosecution on possible corruption charges.

At least one right-wing party expected to join his new governing coalition has been open about its goal of passing a law granting immunity to Israeli Parliament members, including prime ministers.

Mr. Netanyahu, who worked on Wednesday to consolidate support for a new coalition, is on track to become Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, but also the first to be charged with a crime while in office.

“If Netanyahu gains the public’s trust in the coming elections,” Bezalel Smotrich, leader of the Union of Right Wing Parties, wrote on Twitter last month, “it will be imperative to enact a law that will prevent him standing trial.”

Mr. Smotrich said parliamentary immunity was necessary to honor the people’s democratic choice and ensure smooth government. By Wednesday, his party was projected to win five seats in the 120-seat Knesset, or parliament.

An aide said on Wednesday that Mr. Smotrich was demanding the post of justice minister and another leader of his party wanted to be minister of education.

#israel

#Candida_Auris: The Fungus Nobody Wants to Talk About - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/health/candida-auris-hospitals.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/09/science/08GERMS-INSIDER1/08GERMS-INSIDER1-facebookJumbo.jpg

Times Insider explains who we are and what we do, and delivers behind-the-scenes insights into how our journalism comes together.

In 30 years, I’ve never faced so tough a reporting challenge — and one so unexpected. Who wouldn’t want to talk about a fungus?

Last year, I began spade work on a series of articles about drug-resistant microbes: bacteria and fungi that have developed the ability to evade common medicines that we have used for decades.

Early on, I stumbled onto a compelling example. A woman in Alaska named Sari Bailey woke up one morning with green and yellow gunk coming out of her ear. Her doctor told her it was an ear infection and prescribed antibiotics. They didn’t work. Turns out she had a drug-resistant infection that rooted on her mastoid bone, just behind the ear. It nearly killed her and required multiple surgeries to clear.

#santé #endémie

Wikipedia Isn’t Officially a Social Network. But the Harassment Can Get Ugly. - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/us/wikipedia-harassment-wikimedia-foundation.html

https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/02/19/us/00xp-wikimedia/00xp-wikimedia-facebookJumbo.jpg

Unlike social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, Wikipedia relies largely on unpaid volunteers to handle reports of harassment.

In response to complaints about pervasive harassment, the Wikimedia Foundation, the San Francisco-based nonprofit that operates Wikipedia and supports its community of volunteers, has promised new strategies to curb abuse. In recent months, the foundation has rolled out a more sophisticated blocking tool that it hopes can better control the harassment plaguing some users.

Sydney Poore, a community health strategist with the foundation, said that when the free encyclopedia was established in 2001, it initially attracted lots of editors who were “tech-oriented” men. That led to a culture that was not always accepting of outside opinions, said Ms. Poore, who has edited Wikipedia for 13 years.

“We’re making strong efforts to reverse that,” she said, “but it doesn’t happen overnight.”

A few informed clicks on any Wikipedia article can reveal the lengthy discussions that shape a published narrative. According to interviews with Wikipedians around the world, those digital back rooms are where harassment often begins. A spirited debate over a detail in an article can spiral into one user spewing personal attacks against another.

“If you out yourself as a feminist or L.G.B.T., you will tend to be more targeted,” said Natacha Rault, a Wikipedia editor who lives in Geneva and founded a project that aims to reduce the gender gap on the website.

On French-language Wikipedia, where Ms. Rault does much of her editing, discussions about gender can often lead to vitriol. Ms. Rault said there were six months of heated debate about whether to label the article on Britain’s leader, Theresa May, with the feminine version of “prime minister” (première ministre), rather than the masculine one (premier ministre).

Wikipedians also began to discuss the “content gender gap,” which includes an imbalance in the gender distribution of biographies on the site. The latest analysis, released this month, said about 18 percent of 1.6 million biographies on the English-language Wikipedia were of women. That is up from about 15 percent in 2014, partially because of activists trying to move the needle.

“The idea is to provide volunteer administrators with a more targeted, more nuanced ability to respond to conflicts,” Ms. Lo said.

Partial blocks are active on five Wikipedias, including those in Italian and Arabic, and foundation staff members expect it to be introduced to English-language Wikipedia this year. The foundation is also in the early stages of a private reporting system where users could report harassment, Ms. Lo said.

But there are limits to how effective institutional change can be in curbing harassment on Wikipedia. In the case of Mx. Gethen, their harasser kept posting from different IP addresses, making it difficult for a blocking tool to be effective.

Although the abuser no longer haunts their internet presence, Mx. Gethen said the sometimes hostile culture on Wikipedia had reduced their editing on the site.

“I’m not getting paid for this,” they said. “Why should I volunteer my time to be abused?”

#Wikipédia