Rohingya refugees at high risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh - The Lancet Global Health
▻https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30282-5/abstract
#Covid-19#migrant#migration#refugie#rohingya#bangladesh#sante
Rohingya refugees at high risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh - The Lancet Global Health
▻https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30282-5/abstract
#Covid-19#migrant#migration#refugie#rohingya#bangladesh#sante
Coronavirus – Près de 350 millions de personnes à risque élevé | 24 heures
▻https://www.24heures.ch/pres-de-350-millions-de-personnes-a-risque-eleve-326533462591
Les résultats, publiés dans la revue médicale britannique « The Lancet Global Health », montrent que 1,7 milliard d’humains, soit 22% de la population mondiale, présentent au moins un facteur de risque qui les rend plus susceptibles d’avoir une forme grave de Covid-19.
Parmi ceux-ci, 349 millions de personnes sont particulièrement à risque de développer une forme sévère de la maladie et auraient besoin d’être hospitalisées en cas de contamination.
Protéger les plus vulnérables
« À l’heure où les pays sortent du confinement (…) nous espérons que nos estimations fourniront un point de départ utile » aux gouvernements qui « cherchent les moyens de protéger les plus vulnérables d’un virus qui continue de circuler », commente l’auteur principal de l’étude, Andrew Clark, de la London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM).
Le chercheur cite le fait de conseiller aux personnes les plus à risque d’adopter les gestes de distanciation sociale adaptés ou de les rendre prioritaires pour de futures campagnes de vaccination. La proportion d’habitants à risque est plus faible dans les régions où la population est plus jeune. C’est le cas de l’Afrique, où 16% de la population présente un facteur de risque face au nouveau coronavirus, soit 283 millions sur une population totale de 1,3 milliard. En Europe, cette part est de 31%, soit 231 millions sur une population de 747 millions.
« Mais une plus forte proportion de cas sévères pourrait être mortels en Afrique » en raison en particulier de la faiblesse des infrastructures sanitaires, souligne Andrew Clark. En outre les pays africains avec les plus fortes proportions de cas de sida comme le Lesotho sont plus à risque vis-à-vis de la pandémie.
Parallèlement des îles comme l’île Maurice ou les Fidji présentent des risques accrus en raison d’une forte proportion de la population souffrant de diabète, l’un des facteurs aggravants pour cette maladie virale, selon l’étude.
Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study - The Lancet Global Health
▻https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30264-3/abstract
We generated uncertainty intervals (UIs) for our estimates by running low and high scenarios using the lower and upper 95% confidence limits for country population size, disease prevalences, multimorbidity fractions, and infection–hospitalisation ratios, and plausible low and high estimates for the degree of clustering, informed by multimorbidity studies.
A Generation of Girls Is Missing in India – Foreign Policy
▻https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/15/a-generation-of-girls-is-missing-in-india
Perched almost a mile above sea level and circled by majestic Himalayan peaks, Uttarkashi is a spot where religious pilgrims often make a pit stop before proceeding on the sacred Hindu Char Dham Yatra, the Four Abode Pilgrimage, which they believe will bring them closer to salvation. With its verdant landscape, dotted by temples and yoga ashrams, Uttarkashi is a place of breathtaking beauty.
But all is not well in this peaceful Himalayan district. Between February and April, not a single female child was born here in 216 births across the 132 villages. Local authorities, suspecting sex-selective abortions, have launched an extensive investigation, spearheaded by the district magistrate, Ashish Chauhan.
[…]
Although exact numbers of such terminations are not available, according to the first national study on abortion overall, an estimated 15.6 million abortions [▻https://www.guttmacher.org/news-release/2017/national-estimate-abortion-india-released ] took place in India in 2015. Although the practice is legal up to 20 weeks into a pregnancy under a broad range of criteria, an estimated 10 women die every day due to unsafe procedures. As many as 56 percent [▻http://www.hindustantimes.com/health-and-fitness/behavioural-shift-communication-can-raise-awareness-about-safe-abortions-in-india/story-nZ2t3BFyO8jZluHPj9WCwK.html ] of abortions in India are estimated to be unsafe, and about 8 to 9 percent of all maternal deaths [▻https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/56-abortions-in-india-unsafe-despite-being-legal-kill-10-women-ev ] in India are due to unsafe abortions.
It is safe to assume that a large number of the abortions that happen in India are performed because the fetus is female. Last year, an Indian government report [▻http://mofapp.nic.in:8080/economicsurvey/pdf/102-118_Chapter_07_ENGLISH_Vol_01_2017-18.pdf ] found that about 63 million women were statistically “missing” from the country’s population due to a societal preference for male children. And this problem does not just stem from sex-selective abortion. The report noted that another 21 million girls were considered “unwanted” by their families, who continue to have children until a son is born. Roughly 239,000 girls under the age of 5 died in India every year between 2000 and 2005 due to gender-based neglect, according to a 2018 study [▻https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(18)30184-0/fulltext ].
[…]
Efforts to enforce the law have also been lacking. Despite vast evidence that sex-selective abortion happens on a wide scale, it still goes largely unpunished, mostly due to ineffective and lackadaisical judicial systems. According to data from the National Crime Records Bureau, between 2002 and 2012, there were a mere 218 cases charging medical practitioners with performing ultrasounds with an intention to determine the sex of the fetus. Only 55 people were convicted.
[…]
India is already experiencing all of these problems, especially in northern states with particularly bad sex ratios. According to a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India [▻https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/survey-shows-sex-ratio-falling-further-to-896-in-3-years-to-2017/articleshow/70221462.cms ], the female sex ratio has fallen to 896 females per 1,000 males in 2015 to 2017 from 898 in 2014 to 2016. The Wire reported [▻https://thewire.in/gender/urban-sex-ratio-declining ] that according to census data, India’s national child gender ratio fell from 945 girls to 1,000 boys in 1991 to 918 in 2011. The states of Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, and Maharashtra all had a ratio even lower than 900 girls per 1,000 boys.
As Epstein, who has collected data in more than 100 countries, including the United States, told me in 2015 [▻https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/india/2015-05-22/when-bride-be-bride-buy ], “Extra males affect the social system quite dramatically. Even now, there are women being drugged and kidnapped from Bangladesh and poor Indian states because there is a shortage of young females. Take that effect and magnify it over a period of years. It’s a social disaster.”
[…]
Before it digs its own grave, India must bring back its girls.
article, on le voit, très solidement étayé ; sous #paywall (léger, contournable via navigation privée)
Assez horrible. Je crois me souvenir que la Chine aussi a tué ses bébés filles ?
Female infanticide in China - Wikipedia
▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_infanticide_in_China
[…]
The practice continued into the 19th century and declined precipitously during the Communist era, but has reemerged as an issue since the introduction of the one-child policy in the early 1980s. The census of 1990 showed an overall male-to-female sex ratio of 1.066, while a normal sex ratio for all ages should be less than 1.02.
En Asie du Sud-Est
World Health Organization, Sex Ratio
▻http://www.searo.who.int/health_situation_trends/data/chi/sex-ratio/en
Over last 20 years (from 1990 to 2010) the ratio of number of males to per 100 females has declined in all SEAR countries except Bhutan, Indonesia, and DPRK. While in Bhutan it increased by eight percentage points, in Indonesia and DPRK the increase was modest by one percent. Sharpest decline was in Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, and Bangladesh in that order. By 2010, only two countries (India and Bhutan) in the Region continue to have skewed (above 105) sex ratio.
On the other hand, of the three countries ( DPR Korea, Myanmar, and Thailand) which had higher percentage of females than males, two ( Myanmar and Thailand) continued to do so at still higher rate in 2010 but it slowed down in DPR Korea in favor of males.
Although women normally outnumber men beyond age 60, somehow it is not so in three SEAR countries (Bhutan, Maldives, and Bangladesh) where sex ratio in 60+ population is at 130, 113, and 108 respectively. This may be due to anomalies in enumeration of age and sex specific population data.