Eels in Thames ’left hyperactive due to high levels of cocaine in water’

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  • @simplicissimus
    Simplicissimus
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    @reka
    @vazi
    @sinehebdo
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    Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring - González‐Mariño - - Addiction - Wiley Online Library
    ▻https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.14767

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/attachment/fc905b31-d822-43ef-98b6-ce40c6dc52a7/add14767-fig-0006-m.jpg

    Figure 6: 2011–17 total average number of doses/1000 people/day

    Abstract

    Background and aims
    Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population‐normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data.

    Design
    Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017.

    Setting and Participants
    Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries.

    Measurements
    Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world‐wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads.

    Findings
    Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge.

    Conclusions
    The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real‐time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.

    article en libre accès

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  • @reka
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    Mapping international drug use through the world’s largest wastewater study — ScienceDaily

    ▻https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191023093445.htm

    A seven-year project monitoring illicit drug use in 37 countries via wastewater samples shows that cocaine use was skyrocketing in Europe in 2017 and Australia had a serious problem with methamphetamine.

    In a paper released today in Addiction, researchers from 41 international institutions released their findings after analysing sewage samples from 60 million people between 2011 and 2017, the largest wastewater-based study undertaken in the world.

    University of South Australia chemist Dr Richard Bade — one of the lead authors — says Adelaide, Canberra and Toowoomba were the three Australian cities monitored among 120 cities worldwide.

    In 2017, Adelaide’s wastewater was monitored for a week, revealing between 507 and 659 milligrams of methamphetamine per 1000 people each day. In contrast, both Canberra and Toowoomba recorded levels of between 271-331 milligrams of methamphetamine.

    #drogue #cartographie

    Reka CC BY-NC-SA
    • @sinehebdo
      Dror@sinehebdo

      Voir aussi:
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/773781
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/807126

      #cocaine #MDMA #methamphetamine #ecstasy #drogues #Mass_spectrometry #Science

      Article original:

      Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring.
      Iria González‐Mariño, Jose Antonio Baz‐Lomba, Nikiforos A. Alygizakis, Maria Jesús Andrés‐Costa, Richard Bade, Leon P. Barron, Frederic Been, Jean‐Daniel Berset, Lubertus Bijlsma, Igor Bodík, Asher Brenner, Andreas L. Brock, Daniel A. Burgard, Erika Castrignanò, Christophoros E. Christophoridis, Adrian Covaci, Pim Voogt, Damien A. Devault, Mário J. Dias, Erik Emke, Despo Fatta‐Kassinos, Ganna Fedorova, Konstantinos Fytianos, Cobus Gerber, Roman Grabic, Stefan Grüner, Teemu Gunnar, Evroula Hapeshi, Ester Heath, Björn Helm, Félix Hernández, Aino Kankaanpaa, Sara Karolak, Barbara Kasprzyk‐Hordern, Ivona Krizman‐Matasic, Foon Yin Lai, Wojciech Lechowicz, Alvaro Lopes, Miren López de Alda, Ester López‐García, Arndís S. C. Löve, Nicola Mastroianni, Gillian L. McEneff, Rosa Montes, Kelly Munro, Thomas Nefau, Herbert Oberacher, Jake W. O’Brien, Kristin Olafsdottir, Yolanda Picó, Benedek G. Plósz, Fabio Polesel, Cristina Postigo, José Benito Quintana, Pedram Ramin, Malcolm J. Reid, Jack Rice, Rosario Rodil, Ivan Senta, Susana M. Simões, Maja M. Sremacki, Katarzyna Styszko, Senka Terzic, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Kevin V. Thomas, Ben J. Tscharke, Alexander L. N. Nuijs, Viviane Yargeau, Ettore Zuccato, Sara Castiglioni, Christoph Ort
      Addiction, 2019
      ▻https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14767

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  • @monolecte
    Monolecte 😷🤬 CC BY-NC-SA
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    Science décalée : l’eau des WC révèle le niveau de vie
    ▻https://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/actualites/sante-science-decalee-eau-wc-revele-niveau-vie-78006

    https://cdn.futura-sciences.com/buildsv6/images/wide1920/9/0/e/90e38a0ee4_50156033_wc-trainman111-adobe-stock.jpg

    Les riches, ces gros pochtrons !

    Alors que les biomarqueurs du tabac sont répartis de façon équitable dans la population, ceux de l’alcool sont fortement corrélés à trois indicateurs : les personnes ayant un haut niveau de revenu, celles occupant un poste de manager et celles habitant un logement à loyer élevé. Autrement dit, les personnes aisées boivent plus, « la consommation d’alcool étant un marqueur de statut social », affirment les auteurs. De même, « la consommation de café semble fortement associée à un niveau d’éducation élevé et à une bonne aisance financière ». Une conclusion en contradiction avec le stéréotype qui veut que les personnes défavorisées se saoulent davantage.

    Monolecte 😷🤬 CC BY-NC-SA
    • @antonin1
      Antonin CC BY-NC-SA

      Pour une étude publiée dans la revue PNAS, des chercheurs de l’université du Queensland et de l’Institut de recherche norvégien de l’eau ont prélevé quotidiennement durant une semaine des échantillons d’eau usée provenant de 22 stations d’épuration australiennes représentant 21 % de la population, puis ils ont croisé les données avec celles d’un recensement concomitant. Les chercheurs ont ainsi pu comparer la composition de l’eau avec les données socio-économiques issues du recensement, comme l’âge, le niveau d’éducation et de revenu, le taux d’emploi ou la qualité du logement. Quelque 43 biomarqueurs ont ainsi été passés au crible et les chercheurs ont découvert des corrélations parfois étonnantes, mais aussi des constatations assez logiques.
      Alimentation

      Davantage de biomarqueurs de vitamine B se trouvent dans les urines des personnes aisées, ce qui atteste d’une alimentation plus diversifiée, notent les chercheurs. Les auteurs ont également constaté une forte corrélation entre la consommation de fibres et le niveau d’éducation

      Médicaments

      La consommation d’opioïdes est à peu près équitablement répartie selon le niveau de vie et l’âge. Avec deux exceptions : la morphine, dont la consommation augmente significativement quand on vieillit (révélant une plus forte fréquence de maladies chroniques), et le tramadol, très courant chez les ouvriers (sans doute plus exposés aux douleurs au travail). L’analyse des biomarqueurs d’antidépresseurs est elle aussi très révélatrice. De manière générale, ces derniers sont davantage présents chez les populations défavorisées, mais chaque antidépresseur semble avoir sa cible privilégiée

      #pauvreté #richesse #inégalités #addictions

      Antonin CC BY-NC-SA
    • @sinehebdo
      Dror@sinehebdo

      Ca me rappelle cet article :

      Estimation of illicit drugs consumption by wastewater analysis in Paris area (France).
      Karolak S, Nefau T, Bailly E, Solgadi A, Levi Y. Forensic. Sci. Int. 200:153-160 (2010)
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/773781

      Cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZE), amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and buprenorphine were measured in raw water and WWTP effluent using HPLC-MS/MS after SPE extraction. Amphetamine was rarely detected. Cocaine and BZE were quantified at levels from 5 to 282 ng L(-1) and 15 to 849 ng L(-1), respectively. MDMA and buprenorphine concentrations remained under 20 ng L(-1). Cocaine consumption was estimated from cocaine or BZE concentrations measured in raw water and the results showed significant difference in drug taking during week or weekend. The estimated doses observed in this study are lower than those reported for others countries, especially Spain and Italy. MDMA consumption was estimated at lower levels than cocaine.

      #cocaine #MDMA #drogues #France #Mass_spectrometry #Science

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