#métaliste sur les tentatives de différentes pays européens d’#externalisation non seulement des contrôles frontaliers (►https://seenthis.net/messages/731749), mais aussi de la #procédure_d'asile dans des #pays_tiers
#procédure_d'asile #externalisation_de_la_procédure #modèle_australien
#France, 2017
Emmanuel #Macron veut créer des « hotspots » pour gérer les demandes d’asile en #Libye
►https://seenthis.net/messages/618133
Macron veut « identifier » les demandeurs d’asile au #Tchad et au #Niger
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/704970#message704972
voir aussi tout le fil de discussion :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/704970
#hotspot #hotspots #hubs #hub #centres_de_tri
#Allemagne, 2017
Tiré du livre « Entre accueil et rejet, ce que les villes font aux migrants » (►https://www.lepassagerclandestin.fr/catalogue/bibliotheque-des-frontieres/entre-accueil-et-rejet)
« Le projet du gouvernement fédéral allemand de déplacer dans des camps situés dans le Sud tunisien les demandeurs d’asile en cours de procédure » (p.95)
–-> avec cette note de bas de page :
"Il n’a, pour l’heure, pas été donné suite à ce projet. Les accords entre l’Allemagne et la Tunisie concernent uniquement le rapatriement de citoyens tunisiens déboutés du droit d’asile. Voir Jeanne Cavelier, « Tensions entre Berlin et Tunis sur les immigrés », Le Monde, 15.02.2017.
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2017/02/15/tensions-entre-berlin-et-tunis-sur-les-immigres_5079826_3214.html
voir aussi :
Chahed : No plans for Tunisian asylum centers
With the EU looking to stem the flow of asylum seekers crossing the Sea, Chahed rejected the idea of similar proposals to those adopted by Libya two weeks ago at the EU Malta Summit.
While Libya has agreed to set up “safe” refugee camps for Europe-bound migrants, Chahed said he saw no option for such an agreement between Europe and Tunisia. “Tunisia is a very young democracy and I don’t think that it will work, or that we have the capacity for refugee camps here,” he said, adding that any prospective solution must be made in conjunction with Libya.
▻http://www.dw.com/en/tunisia-prime-minister-we-bear-no-responsibility-for-berlin-attack/a-37539969
–—
#Allemagne, 2019
Germany wants asylum seekers assessed before reaching Europe
►https://seenthis.net/messages/808684
Les mots de Seehofer :
“We have to realize that the Dublin system has failed, (...) (This) system cannot be the basis for the EU’s future asylum policy,” Seehofer said. “We need a new philosophy that starts at the external borders. (...) Our proposition: Effective protection of Europe’s external borders, where we check whether someone has a need for protection or has to be returned immediately. This means we need a unified set of rules.”
–—
Allemagne, novembre 2023 :
Sous la pression des libéraux, l’#Allemagne souhaite externaliser le traitement de demandes d’asile en Afrique
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1024206
Ni Macron ni Seehofer n’ont rien inventé...
Proposition de l’#Angleterre de #Tony_Blair de 2003...
The idea of establishing reception centres in third countries, however, is not new. It was first suggested, unsuccessfully, by Tony Blair in 2003 [►https://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/feb/05/asylum.immigrationasylumandrefugees] It was then taken over by the former German Interior Minister Otto Schily in 2005,[ “German Interior Ministry, Effektiver Schutz für Flüchtlinge, wirkungsvolle Bekämpfung illegaler Migration – Überlegungen des Bundesministers des Innern zur Einrichtung einer EU-Aufnahmeeinrichtung in Nordafrika 9 September 2005.”] who proposed to establish asylum centres in North Africa, and more recently Italy. The original 2003 Blair proposal was that any third-country national who sought asylum in the EU would be returned immediately to a centre in a third country where his or her application would be considered.
►https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/offshore-processing-asylum-applications-out-sight-out-mind
#UK
v. aussi :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/704970#message704974
#Transit_Processing_Centres (#TPCs) #UK
#Autriche, 2018
Österreich plant mit einigen EU-Ländern Aufnahmelager außerhalb der EU
►https://seenthis.net/messages/701836
C’est aussi une proposition danoise :
L’Autriche et le #Danemark veulent ouvrir des camps d’expulsés aux portes de l’UE
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/701836#message702655
Et l’#Italie de #Salvini qui s’allie à Seehofer et Kurz sur cette idée :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/701836#message701897
#Espagne, 2018
El Gobierno español no descarta apoyar la creación de centros de selección de inmigrantes en África
#Danemark, 2020
Le Danemark revient à la charge...
Danish government : Pushing migration outside Europe’s boundaries
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/900120
#Angleterre, 2020
Revealed: No 10 explores sending asylum seekers to Moldova, Morocco and Papua New Guinea
►https://seenthis.net/messages/879221
#Moldavie #Maroc #Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
#île_de_l'Ascension et #île_Sainte-Hélène #offshore_detention_centres
Danemark, 2021
Danish lawmakers approve plan to locate asylum center abroad
►https://seenthis.net/messages/918427
Décembre 2021 : Rapport du Comité des Nations Unies de suivi de la Convention pour l’Elimination des Discrimination Raciales (CERD en anglais) —> préoccupations vives à l’encontre de la #loi récemment adopté visant à externaliser l’examen des demandes d’asile au #Rwanda :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/939363
#Angleterre, 2021
Senior Tories have demanded a radical overhaul of the asylum system to allow migrants to claim refuge at UK embassies anywhere in the world.
#Danemark, 2022
Denmark in talks with #Rwanda on transfer of asylum-seekers
►https://seenthis.net/messages/959222
The EU and Offshore Asylum Processing: Why Looking to Australia Is Not a Way Forward
The European Union appears to often look to Australia as a country that has successfully managed to seal its – maritime – borders and control migration. This has been most concretely demonstrated by Denmark’s newly passed legislation, which allows for the relocation of asylum seekers to third countries while their applications are being processed. This raises concerns and expectations that other countries might follow suit. In this policy brief, we show why seeking to emulate the Australian model is not a good idea, and how it would breach a number of fundamental human rights principles upon which the EU is built.
▻https://reliefweb.int/report/world/eu-and-offshore-asylum-processing-why-looking-australia-not-way-forward
#Australie #modèle_australien
1986 déjà... le Danemark avait essayé:
*The extra-territorial processing of asylum claims
The extra-territorial processing of asylum claims is not a new idea. As long ago as 1986, Denmark tabled a draft resolution in the United Nations (UN) General Assembly to create UN centres where asylum claims would be processed and the resettlement of refugees would be coordinated among all states. A few years later, the idea of establishing European processing centres was considered at the Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, Asylum and Refugees following a Dutch initiative. The Danish government also advocated the idea of ‘reception in the region’ during the Danish Presidency of the Council of the European Union (EU) in 2001.
▻https://www.fmreview.org/destination-europe/leonard-kaunert
–---
Del resto, già alcuni anni prima - nel 1986 - la Danimarca aveva proposto una bozza di risoluzione all’assemblea generale dell’Onu in cui si ipotizzava la creazione di centri per l’elaborazione di richieste di asilo nelle diverse regioni di origine di potenziali profughi. Coloro che si fossero recati in paesi terzi per presentarvi domanda di asilo avrebbero dovuto essere respinti verso i centri regionali in modo da essere sottoposti lì alla regolare procedura. Lo stesso concetto sarebbe stato riproposto dal governo dei Paesi Bassi, nel 1993, a una riunione del gruppo Igc (Intergovernmental consultations for asylum). Entrambe le iniziative fallirono.
Source: Cuttitta, 2007, p. 126: ▻https://journals.openedition.org/conflits/5593?&id=5593
#Autriche, 2023:
Austrian government wants to outsource asylum procedures to Africa
►https://seenthis.net/messages/1015796
#Autriche et #Angleterre, novembre 2023:
Austria to work with UK on Rwanda-style plan for asylum seekers
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1025269
Suggestion : ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1027498
(Si tu trouves que ce n’est pas pertinent, tu peux effacer).
Mars 2024: Von der Leyen’s EU group plans #Rwanda-style asylum schemes
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1045616
#EU #UE #Union_européenne
Avril 2024:
#UK: Government considers ’Rwanda-like’ deals with four other countries
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1050346
#Arménie #Côte_d'Ivoire #Costa_Rica #Botswana #Angleterre
Germany wants asylum seekers assessed before reaching Europe
The German interior minister #Horst_Seehofer has called for a new European migration system which would see asylum applications decided outside Europe’s borders.
Germany has called on the European Union to change its approach to asylum applications. The interior minister, Horst #Seehofer, said on Tuesday that applicants should undergo initial assessment at Europe’s external borders and be sent home from there as well.
“We have to realize that the Dublin system has failed,” Seehofer told the interior ministers of France, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom at a meeting of the so-called #G6 group in the southern German city of Munich on Tuesday.
The Dublin regulation refers to European Union rules which state that the EU country in which a person seeking asylum first sets foot should handle the asylum application.
External processing
“(This) system cannot be the basis for the EU’s future asylum policy,” Seehofer said. “We need a new philosophy that starts at the external borders.”
▻https://twitter.com/BMI_Bund/status/1189152116176248832?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E11“Our proposition: Effective protection of Europe’s external borders, where we check whether someone has a need for protection or has to be returned immediately. This means we need a unified set of rules.”
Under Seehofer’s proposal, only asylum seekers with prospects for receiving protection in Europe should be distributed among a group of willing EU countries. Their asylum issues would then be addressed there.
If the initial assessment at the European external borders is negative, the EU border agency Frontex should return the asylum seeker to his or her home country.
Most support Seehofer
The EU migration commissioner, Dimitris Avrampoulos, who also attended the G6 meeting, welcomed the proposal and called the discussions “constructive”. He said most of the G6 ministers supported Seehofer.
▻https://twitter.com/Avramopoulos/status/1188870575877492736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E11Seehofer also wants to bring forward a planned strengthening of the European border agency, Frontex. Officials in Brussels on Wednesday approved plans to deploy 10,000 uniformed border guards and officers across the EU by 2027, the AFP news agency reports.
▻https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/20480/germany-wants-asylum-seekers-assessed-before-reaching-europe
#externalisation #asile #migrations #réfugiés #externalisation #asile #migrations #réfugiés #procédure_d'asile
Je répète ici les mots de Seehofer, car on va probablement encore et encore les réutiliser...
“We have to realize that the Dublin system has failed, (...) (This) system cannot be the basis for the EU’s future asylum policy,” Seehofer said. “We need a new philosophy that starts at the external borders. (...) Our proposition: Effective protection of Europe’s external borders, where we check whether someone has a need for protection or has to be returned immediately. This means we need a unified set of rules.”
–-----------
Ceci est à mettre en lien aussi avec le même genre de proposition (celle d’une externalisation non seulement des #contrôles_frontaliers, mais aussi de la #procédure_d'asile, et du #tri et de la #catégorisation) de #Macron en 2017 :
Macron veut « identifier » les demandeurs d’asile au #Tchad et au Niger
►https://seenthis.net/messages/704970
#France #hub
–-------
Mais Macron lui-même n’avait rien inventé... C’était une proposition qui arrivait de l’#Angleterre de #Tony_Blair :
The idea of establishing reception centres in third countries, however, is not new. It was first suggested, unsuccessfully, by Tony Blair in 2003 [►https://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/feb/05/asylum.immigrationasylumandrefugees] It was then taken over by the former German Interior Minister Otto Schily in 2005,[ “German Interior Ministry, Effektiver Schutz für Flüchtlinge, wirkungsvolle Bekämpfung illegaler Migration – Überlegungen des Bundesministers des Innern zur Einrichtung einer EU-Aufnahmeeinrichtung in Nordafrika 9 September 2005.”] who proposed to establish asylum centres in North Africa, and more recently Italy. The original 2003 Blair proposal was that any third-country national who sought asylum in the EU would be returned immediately to a centre in a third country where his or her application would be considered.
►https://www.ceps.eu/ceps-publications/offshore-processing-asylum-applications-out-sight-out-mind
#UK
v. aussi :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/704970#message704974
#Transit_Processing_Centres (#TPCs) #UK
ping @_kg_ @isskein @karine4 @visionscarto
–----
voir la métaliste sur les tentatives d’externalisation de la procédure d’asile de différents pays européens dans l’histoire :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/900122
Austrian Presidency document: “a new, better protection system under which no applications for asylum are filed on EU territory”
A crude paper authored by the Austrian Presidency of the Council of the EU and circulated to other Member States’s security officials refers disparagingly to “regions that are characterised by patriarchal, anti-freedom and/or backward-looking religious attitudes” and calls for “a halt to illegal migration to Europe” and the “development of a new, better protection system under which no applications for asylum are filed on EU territory,” with some minor exceptions.
See: Austrian Presidency: Informal Meeting of COSI, Vienna, Austria, 2-3 July 2018: Strengthening EU External Border Protection and a Crisis-Resistant EU Asylum System (►https://www.statewatch.org/news/2018/jul/EU-austria-Informal-Meeting-%20COSI.pdf)
The document was produced for an ’Informal Meeting of COSI’ (the Council of the EU’s Standing Committee on Operational Cooperation on Internal Security) which took place on 2 and 3 July in Vienna, and the proposals it contains were the subject of numerous subsequent press articles - with the Austrian President one of the many who criticised the government’s ultra-hardline approach.
See: Austrian president criticises government’s asylum proposals (The Local, ▻https://www.thelocal.at/20180715/austrian-president-criticises-governments-asylum-proposals); Austrian proposal requires asylum seekers to apply outside EU: Profil (Reuters, ▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-austria/austrian-proposal-requires-asylum-seekers-to-apply-outside-eu-profil-idUSKB); Right of asylum: Austria’s unsettling proposals to member states (EurActiv, ▻https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/right-of-asylum-austrias-unsettling-proposals-to-member-states)
Some of the proposals were also discussed at an informal meeting of the EU’s interior ministers on Friday 13 July, where the topic of “return centres” (▻http://statewatch.org/news/2018/jul/eu-ciuncil-returns.htm) was also raised. The Luxembourg interior minister Jean Asselborn reportedly said that such an idea “shouldn’t be discussed by civilized Europeans.” See: No firm EU agreement on Austrian proposals for reducing migration (The Local, ▻https://www.thelocal.at/20180713/no-firm-eu-agreement-on-austrian-proposals-for-reducing-migration)
The Austrian Presidency paper proposes:
"2.1. By 2020
By 2020 the following goals could be defined:
Saving as many human lives as possible;
Clear strengthening of the legal framework and the operational capabilities of FRONTEX with respect to its two main tasks: support in protecting the Union’s external border and in the field of return;
Increasing countering and destruction of people smugglers’ and human traffickers‘ business models;
Significant reduction in illegal migration;
More sustainable and more effective return measures as well as establishment of instruments that foster third countries’ willingness to cooperate on all relevant aspects, including the fight against people smuggling, providing protection and readmission;
Development of a holistic concept for a forward-looking migration policy (in the spirit of a “whole of government approach“) and a future European protection system in cooperation with third countries that is supported by all and does not overburden all those involved – neither in terms of resources nor with regard to the fundamental rights and freedoms they uphold.
2.2. By 2025
By 2025 the following goals could be realised:
Full control of the EU’s external borders and their comprehensive protection have been ensured.
The new, better European protection system has been implemented across the EU in cooperation with third countries; important goals could include:
no incentives anymore to get into boats, thus putting an end to smuggled persons dying in the Mediterranean;
smart help and assistance for those in real need of protection, i.e. provided primarily in the respective region;
asylum in Europe is granted only to those who respect European values and the fundamental rights and freedoms upheld in the EU;
no overburdening of the EU Member States’ capabilities;
lower long-term costs;
prevention of secondary migration.
Based on these principles, the EU Member States have returned to a consensual European border protection and asylum policy.”
And includes the following statements, amongst others:
“...more and more Member States are open to exploring a new approach. Under the working title “Future European Protection System” (FEPS) and based on an Austrian initiative, a complete paradigm shift in EU asylum policy has been under consideration at senior officials’ level for some time now. The findings are considered in the “Vienna Process” in the context of which the topic of external border protection is also dealt with. A number of EU Member States, the EU Commission and external experts contribute towards further reflections and deliberations on these two important topics.”
“...ultimately, there is no effective EU external border protection in place against illegal migration and the existing EU asylum system does not enable an early distinction between those who are in need of protection and those who are not.”
“Disembarkment following rescue at sea as a rule only takes place in EU Member States. This means that apprehensions at sea not only remain ineffective (non-refoulement, examination of applications for asylum), but are exploited in people smugglers’ business models.”
“Due to factors related to their background as well as their poor perspectives, they [smuggled migrants] repeatedly have considerable problems with living in free societies or even reject them. Among them are a large number of barely or poorly educated young men who have travelled to Europe alone. Many of these are particularly susceptible to ideologies that are hostile to freedom and/or are prone to turning to crime.
As a result of the prevailing weaknesses in the fields of external border protection and asylum, it is to be expected that the negative consequences of past and current policies will continue to be felt for many years to come. As experience with immigration from regions that are characterised by patriarchal, anti-freedom and/or backward-looking religious attitudes has shown, problems related to integration, safety and security may even increase significantly over several generations.”
See: Austrian Presidency: Informal Meeting of COSI, Vienna, Austria, 2-3 July 2018: Strengthening EU External Border Protection and a Crisis-Resistant EU Asylum System (pdf)
►https://www.statewatch.org/news/2018/jul/eu-austrian-pres-asylum-paper.htm
Germany proposed a new automatic relocation scheme for asylum seekers (▻https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-sets-out-plan-for-automatic-relocation-of-asylum-seekers), according to which requests for international protection would be evaluated at the external borders of the European Union. The proposal was presented last week to EU member states, with the aim of making progress in the reforming of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), ahead of the German Presidency of the Council of the EU in the second part of next year. The document proposes the initial evaluation of cases at EU’s external borders, a new regime for determining which member state is responsible for the further processing of the application, and measures to prevent asylum seekers’ migration from one member state to another. The proposal that initial assessments of all cases should be made at the external borders is very problematic, since it determines that “clearly false and unfounded” requests would be denied immediately at the external border, as well as the fact that measures including restricting freedom of movement could be used in such proceedings. Moreover, the question of what would be the exact procedure of determining which states are responsible for processing applications for asylum also arises. According to the German plan, the key role in this would be reserved for European Asylum Support Office (EASO), which the Commission already proposes to transform into the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), that would then decide which member state is responsible for the further processing of applications. This decision would be based on factors such as the size of the population of the member state, their GDP and so on.
Reçu via Inicijativa dobrodosli, mail du 04.11.2019.