IPS Inter Press Service

http://www.ipsnews.net

  • Opinion: The World Has Reached Peak Plutocracy
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/04/opinion-has-the-world-reached-peak-plutocracy

    We see the evidence of peak plutocracy in:

    • the so far largely successful efforts of business interests to prevent meaningful action on climate change;

    • the push for high-input, high-tech, restricted-ownership #agriculture that excludes smallholder farmers – a great portion of them women — who feed most of the world’s people;

    • the #collusion of governments and companies in taking control of land and natural resources from communities in order to generate profits for privileged outsiders;

    • the “race to the bottom” among governments to sacrifice revenues through blanket “tax holidays” in order to lure foreign investment, even when the benefits are unclear or negligible;

    • the failure of governments to establish laws that protect workers from abuses ranging from trafficking to unlivable wages to unacceptably risky working conditions, with women workers in the most precarious, low-paid and inhumane jobs;

    • the failure to recognise the systematic abuse of women’s rights in many areas – but in particular the deep uncompensated subsidies women provide to all economies with their unpaid and low-paid care work that keep families and societies functioning;

    • the pressure put on countries – and more recently the collusion between governments and companies – to change commercial and consumer-protection laws so that foreign companies can dominate markets;

    • the use of coercion, including violence, by powerful elites in private enterprises, fundamentalist movements, and repressive regimes to control women’s bodies and sexual and reproductive choices, their labour, mobility and political voice;

    • the pressure to privatize schools at the expense of decent public education, despite the complete absence of evidence that the results will be beneficial to anyone beside the owners;

    • the unwarranted scorn directed at the public sector, and the pervasive recourse to the notion of “private sector led development” by most donor countries and inter-governmental institutions, even in the absence of positive models

    • the fetishization of foreign direct investment in low-income countries despite compelling evidence that no country has achieved sustainable development with foreign capital;

    • the increasing congruence of interests among governments, corporations, and elites in limiting the freedom of action of social movements and public interest groups, constricting political space in all parts of the world;

    the increasing domination of wealthy corporations and individuals in United Nations debates and processes.

    • the brazen ideological defense of inequality and massive concentration of power and resources by wealthy individuals and the institutes they fund;

    • the increasing number of disasters and emergencies are turned into profit opportunities, as affected areas are remade according to the plutocrats’ rules.

    • the refusal of governments to combat the global youth unemployment crisis with public jobs programs to address the widely-acknowledged looming crisis of deteriorating infrastructure;

    • the fallacy of scarcity revealed by the capacity of governments to find massive public financial resources for war and bank bailouts, but seldom for programs that would employ people, combat hunger and disease, and foster renewable energy.

    #terres #ploutocratie

  • Harry Verhoeven | Why Ethiopia Is Africa’s Next Hegemon | Foreign Affairs

    http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143664/harry-verhoeven/africas-next-hegemon

    In 1991, as the Cold War drew to an end, the only African country that had never been colonized by European imperialists was but a pale reflection of the Great Ethiopia that generations of the kingdom’s monarchs had pursued. A million people lay dead following two decades of civil war. Secessionist movements in the provinces clamored for self-determination. The economy was in tatters, and another catastrophic famine loomed. The world came to associate Ethiopia with images hoards of starving children, and the country’s regional and domestic decline opened questions about its very survival.

    #éthiopie

    • En attendant,

      Swelling Ethiopian #Migration Casts Doubt on its Economic Miracle
      http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/04/swelling-ethiopian-migration-casts-doubt-on-its-economic-miracle

      The U.N. Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) has estimated that about 29 percent of the population lives below the national poverty line. This explains Ethiopia’s rank at 174 out of 187 countries on the U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Index.

      The Oakland Institute, a U.S.-based non-governmental organisation that spotlights land grabs, was recently denounced by Ethiopian officials for its latest report ‘We Say the Land is Not Yours’. According to the government, the institute used “unverified and unverifiable information”.

      In a reply to the Ethiopian Embassy in the United Kingdom on Apr. 22, Oakland Institute challenged the government’s claim that ongoing development was improving life standards in the country.

      The institute maintained that the government’s development endeavours are “destroying the lives, culture, traditions, and livelihoods” of many indigenous and pastoralist populations, further warning that the strategy was “unsustainable and creating a fertile breeding ground for conflict.”

      More than half of Ethiopia’s farmers are cultivating plots so small as to barely provide sustenance. These one hectare or less plots are further affected by drought, an ineffective and inefficient agricultural marketing system and underdeveloped production technologies, says FAO. Several studies indicate that this phenomenon has induced massive rural-urban migration.

      According to Yared Hailemariam, state ownership of land has contributed to poverty and inequality. “People don’t have full rights over their properties so that they lack the motivation to invest,” he stressed. The ruling regime insists that land will remain in the hands of the state, and selling and buying land is prohibited in Ethiopia.

      Yared also pointed out that the ruling party owns several huge businesses which has created unfair competition in the economy. “The party’s huge conglomerates have weakened other public and private businesses” he told IPS. “Only the ruling party’s political elites and their business cronies are benefitting at the expense of the majority of the people.”

  • Deforestation in the Amazon Aggravates Brazil’s Energy Crisis | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/04/deforestation-in-the-amazon-aggravates-brazils-energy-crisis

    In Brazil water and electricity go together, and two years of scant rainfall have left tens of millions of people on the verge of water and power rationing, boosting arguments for the need to fight deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.

    Two-thirds of Brazil’s electricity comes from dammed rivers, whose water levels have dropped alarmingly. The crisis has triggered renewed concern over climate change and the need to reforest river banks, and has given rise to new debate about the country’s energy system.

    “Energy sources must be diversified and we have to reduce dependency on hydroelectric stations and fossil fuel-powered thermoelectric plants, in order to deal with more and more frequent extreme climate events,” the vice president of the non-governmental Vitae Civilis Institute, Delcio Rodrigues, told Tierramérica.

    Hydroelectricity accounted for nearly 90 percent of the country’s electric power until the 2001 “blackout”, which forced the authorities to adopt rationing measures for eight months. Since then, the more expensive and dirtier thermal power has grown, to create a more stable electricity supply.

    Today, thermal plants, which are mainly fueled by oil, provide 28 percent of the country’s power, compared to the 66.3 percent that comes from hydroelectricity.

    #déforestation #eau #hydroélectricité #énergie #climat

  • Land Seizures Speeding Up, Leaving Africans Homeless and Landless | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/04/land-seizures-speeding-up-leaving-africans-homeless-and-landless

    There is a new scramble for Africa, with ordinary people facing displacement by the affluent and the powerful as huge tracts of land on the continent are grabbed by a minority, rights activists here say.

    “Our forefathers cried foul during colonialism when their land was grabbed by colonialists more than a century ago, but today history repeats itself, with our own political leaders and wealthy countrymen looting land,” Claris Madhuku, director of the Platform for Youth Development (PYD), a democracy lobby group in Zimbabwe, told IPS.

    Civil society activist Owen Dliwayo, who is programme officer for the Youth Dialogue Action Network, another lobby group here, said multinational companies were to blame in most African countries for land seizures.

    #terres #évictions_forcées #Afrique merci @fil

  • The Pentagon plan to ‘divide and rule’ the Muslim world
    http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/pentagon-plan-divide-and-rule-muslim-world-1690265165

    Davidson points out that there is precedent for this: “There have been repeated references in the Reagan era to the usefulness of sectarian conflict in the region to US interests.”

    One post-Reagan reiteration of this vision was published by the Jerusalem-based Institute for Strategic and Political Advanced Studies for Benjamin Netanyahu. The 1996 paper, A Clean Break, by Douglas Feith, David Wurmser and Richard Perle – all of whom went on to join the Bush administration – advocated regime-change in Iraq as a precursor to forging an Israel-Jordan-Turkey axis that would “roll back” Syria, Lebanon and Iran. The scenario is surprisingly similar to US policy today under Obama.

    Twelve years later, the US Army commissioned a further RAND report suggesting that the US “could choose to capitalise on the Shia-Sunni conflict by taking the side of the conservative Sunni regimes in a decisive fashion and working with them against all Shiite empowerment movements in the Muslim world… to split the jihadist movement between Shiites and Sunnis.” The US would need to contain “Iranian power and influence” in the Gulf by “shoring up the traditional Sunni regimes in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Pakistan”. Simultaneously, the US must maintain “a strong strategic relationship with the Iraqi Shiite government” despite its Iran alliance.

    Around the same time as this RAND report was released, the US was covertly coordinating Saudi-led Gulf state financing to Sunni jihadist groups, many affiliated to al-Qaeda, from Iraq to Syria to Lebanon. That secret strategy accelerated under Obama in the context of the anti-Assad drive.

    The widening Sunni-Shia sectarian conflict would “reduce the al-Qaeda threat to US interests in the short term,” the report concluded, by diverting Salafi-jihadist resources toward “targeting Iranian interests throughout the Middle East,” especially in Iraq and Lebanon, hence “cutting back… anti-Western operations”.

    By backing the Iraqi Shiite regime and seeking an accommodation with Iran, while propping up al-Qaeda sponsoring Gulf states and empowering local anti-Shia Islamists across the region, this covert US strategy would calibrate levels of violence to debilitate both sides, and sustain “Western dominance”.

    Le rapport de la Rand : Unfolding the Future of the Long War, 2008 :
    http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG738.pdf

    Nafeez Ahmed avait déjà cité longuement ce document en août 2013 dans le Guardian (repris à l’époque sur Seenthis par Kassem) :
    http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2013/aug/30/syria-chemical-attack-war-intervention-oil-gas-energy-pipelines

    (via Angry Arab)

    • Ca, que les Etats-Unis aient aidé l’Arabie et les autres émirats à financer des groupes djihadistes, y a-t-il de véritables preuves ?

      “Around the same time as this RAND report was released, the US was covertly coordinating Saudi-led Gulf state financing to Sunni jihadist groups, many affiliated to al-Qaeda, from Iraq to Syria to Lebanon. That secret strategy accelerated under Obama in the context of the anti-Assad drive.”

    • #Israël – Palestine – Liban : Le chemin le plus long vers la paix-
      Auteur(s) :
      Pailhe Caroline
      08 Août 2006
      http://www.grip.org/fr/node/296

      Cette nouvelle guerre contre le Liban [2006] correspond en effet à la deuxième phase d’ un plan stratégique rédigé en 1996 au sein de l’ Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies de Jérusalem, par un groupe d’ experts sous la direction de #Richard_Perle, qui deviendra conseiller du Pentagone dans la présente Administration et jouera un rôle majeur dans la conception de la guerre en Irak.

      Soumis à l’ époque au Premier ministre israélien Benjamin #Netanyahu, le document, intitulé « A Clean Break : A New Strategy for Securing the Realm » (Un changement radical : Une nouvelle stratégie pour sécuriser le territoire), préconise un revirement de la stratégie israélienne[28].

      Au niveau des concepts, le plan prône l’ abandon de la stratégie « terre contre paix » poursuivie jusqu’ alors et plaide pour « #la_paix_par_la_force », une politique fondée sur le rapport de force (balance of power). Il recommande également l’ instauration du principe de #préemption, à côté de celui de #punition, dans la doctrine stratégique israélienne.

      Plus concrètement, le changement de stratégie visait à rompre avec le processus de paix d’ Oslo et fournir à Israël la possibilité d’ étendre une fois pour toutes son empire au-delà des frontières actuelles. Certaines des recommandations sont déjà des faits acquis : changement de régime en Irak, durcissement vis-à-vis des Palestiniens et affaiblissement d’ Arafat. Pour assurer la sécurité d’ Israël à sa frontière nord, le rapport recommande de « prendre l’ initiative stratégique » afin de combattre le Hezbollah, la Syrie et l’ Iran. C’ est ce qui se joue actuellement.

      A la base de ce document, le groupe d’ experts chargé d’ étudier la « Nouvelle stratégie israélienne pour 2000 » n’ était pratiquement constitué que d’ Américains qui, depuis, ont occupé des positions clés dans l’ Administration Bush et singulièrement dans la définition de sa politique étrangère au Moyen-Orient.

      Plus récemment, #Robert_Satloff, directeur d’ un autre think tank néoconservateur influent sur la politique moyen-orientale de Washington, louait la stratégie américaine d’ « #instabilité_constructive » au Liban et en Syrie[29].

      Il constate que, si la recherche de la #stabilité a été un trait caractéristique de la politique des #Etats-Unis dans la région, « George W. Bush a été le premier président à considérer que la stabilité en tant que telle était un obstacle à l’ avancement des intérêts américains au Moyen-Orient. (...) A cet effet, les Etats-Unis ont employé un éventail de mesures coercitives ou non coercitives, allant de l’ usage de la force militaire pour changer les régimes en Afghanistan et en Irak, en passant par une politique de la carotte et du bâton (...) pour isoler Yasser Arafat et encourager une nouvelle et pacifique direction palestinienne, jusqu’ aux encouragements courtois à l’ Egypte et à l’ Arabie saoudite pour les engager sur la voie des réformes. » Sur cet échiquier, le Liban et la Syrie seraient, pour M. Satloff, « un premier test » de cette politique d’ ’ instabilité constructive car « Israël et l’ Iran, l’ Europe et les Etats-Unis, la Syrie et les Palestiniens, tous ces chemins convergent à Beyrouth ». Il reconnaît que les Etats-Unis et leurs alliés locaux devront certes subir « quelques défaites tactiques » mais « avec de la persévérance, des changements positifs continus ne manqueront pas de se produire ».

    • The Redirection - Seymour Hersh, 2007
      http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/03/05/the-redirection

      In the past few months, as the situation in Iraq has deteriorated, the Bush Administration, in both its public diplomacy and its covert operations, has significantly shifted its Middle East strategy. The “redirection,” as some inside the White House have called the new strategy, has brought the United States closer to an open confrontation with Iran and, in parts of the region, propelled it into a widening sectarian conflict between Shiite and Sunni Muslims.

      To undermine Iran, which is predominantly Shiite, the Bush Administration has decided, in effect, to reconfigure its priorities in the Middle East. In Lebanon, the Administration has cooperated with Saudi Arabia’s government, which is Sunni, in clandestine operations that are intended to weaken Hezbollah, the Shiite organization that is backed by Iran. The U.S. has also taken part in clandestine operations aimed at Iran and its ally Syria. A by-product of these activities has been the bolstering of Sunni extremist groups that espouse a militant vision of Islam and are hostile to America and sympathetic to Al Qaeda

  • Guards at Australian-Managed Refugee Detention Centre on Nauru Traded Marijuana for Sexual Favours | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/guards-at-australian-managed-refugee-detention-centre-on-nauru-traded-marij

    Guards at a Nauru refugee detention centre managed by the Australian government traded marijuana for sexual favours from detainees, according to the latest damning report into the Australia’s beleaguered refugee policy.

    The report into the Regional Processing Centre on tiny Micronesian island Nauru, found evidence of rape, sexual assault of minors, and numerous other transgressions both by detainees and centre staff.

    Australia’s controversial policy of mandatory detention for arriving refugees, often in offshore facilities, has come under fire in recent weeks. The release of another report into refugee detention centres saw the Australian Human Rights Commission label the Nauru and Christmas Island facilities “dangerous” and “distressing.”

    A further report by United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, Juan Méndez, stated Australia’s treatment of refugees in such centres breached the U.N.’s Convention Against Torture.

    The Nauru report, released Friday, found evidence of sexual and physical assaults in the centre, but states figures for such crimes were likely much higher than stated due to under-reporting by victims.

    #australie #rétention #réfugiés #torture #violences_sexuelles @cdb_77 qui a sans déjà vu cette info

  • Palestinian Women Victims on Many Fronts | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/palestinian-women-victims-on-many-fronts

    Israel’s siege of Gaza, aided and abetted by the Egyptians in the south, has aggravated the plight of Gazan women, and the Jewish state’s devastating military assault on the coastal territory over July and August 2014 exacerbated the situation.

    In a resolution approved by the U.N. Commission on the Status of Women on Mar. 20, Israel’s ongoing occupation of Palestinian territory was blamed for “the grave situation of Palestinian women.”

    The 45-member commission adopted the resolution – which was sponsored by Palestine and South Africa – by a vote of 27-2 with 13 abstentions. The United States and Israel voted against, while European Union members abstained.
    The collective suffering of Palestinian women extends beyond death and injury, with forcible displacement and surviving in overcrowded shelters with inadequate facilities, including inadequate clean drinking water and food, lack of privacy and hygiene issues.

    “Women’s suffering doubled in the #Gaza Strip in particular due to the consequences of Israel’s latest offensive, as they have been enduring hard and complicated living conditions,” said Gaza’s Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) in a statement released on Mar. 8 to mark International Women’s Day.

    “During the 50-day Israeli offensive, women were exposed to the risks of death or injury because of Israel’s excessive use of lethal force as well as Israel’s blatant violations of the principles of distinction and proportionality under customary international humanitarian law,” said PCHR.

    During the war, 293 women were killed (18 percent of the civilian victims) and 2,114 wounded, with many sustaining permanent disabilities.

    #femmes #Palestine

  • Women Turn Drought into a Lesson on Sustainability | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/women-turn-drought-into-a-lesson-on-sustainability

    Tanveer Arif who heads the NGO Society for Conservation and Protection of Environment (SCOPE) tells IPS that women not only have to look after the children, they are also forced to fill a labour gap caused by an exodus of men migrating to urban areas in search of jobs.

    With their husbands gone, women must also tend to the livestock, fetch water from distant sources when their household wells run dry, care for the elderly, and keep up the tradition of subsistence farming – a near impossible task in a drought-prone region that is primed to become hotter and drier by 2030, according to the Pakistan Meteorological Department.

    The promise of harder times ahead has been a wakeup call for local communities and policymakers alike that building resilience is the only defense against a rising death toll.

    Women here are painfully aware that they need to learn how to store surplus food, identify drought-resilient crops and wean themselves off agriculture as a sole means of survival, thinking that has been borne out in recent studies on the region.

    Conservation brings empowerment

    The answer presented itself in the form of a small, thorny tree called the mukul myrrh, which produces a gum resin that is widely used for a range of cosmetic and medicinal purposes, known here as guggal.

    Until recently, the plant was close to extinction, and sparked conservation efforts to keep the species alive in the face of ruthless extraction – 40 kg of the gum resin fetches anything from 196 to 392 dollars.

    Today, those very efforts are doubling up as adaptation and resiliency strategies among the women of Tharparkar.

    #femmes #Pakistan #climat #résilience #agriculture

    Mukul myrrh tree
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commiphora_wightii

  • Contradictions Beset U.N. Response to Sexual Abuse by Peacekeepers | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/contradictions-beset-u-n-response-to-sexual-abuse-by-peacekeepers

    An internal United Nations expert report released Monday by the non-governmental organisation AIDS-Free World reveals serious contradictions in the U.N.’s reporting of sexual exploitation and abuse by U.N. peacekeepers.

    The leaked expert team report, dated Nov. 3, 2013, begins by stating, “Sexual Exploitation and Abuse has been judged the most significant risk to U.N. peacekeeping missions, above and beyond other key risks including protection of civilians.”

    #violences_sexuelles #casques_bleus #impunité

  • Women Walk for Peace in the Korean Peninsula | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/women-walk-for-peace-in-the-korean-peninsula

    A group of international women peacemakers announced on Wednesday at the United Nations their intention to walk across the two mile De-Militarized Zone (DMZ), in a call for peace and reunification of Korea.

    The walk is planned for May 24th, the International Women’s Day for Peace and Disarmament, depending on the approval of the Korean authorities. Leading organiser Christine Ahn said at the U.N. that women will walk “to imagine a new chapter in Korean history marked by dialogue, understanding and ultimately forgiveness. We are walking to help unite Korean families tragically separated by an artificial man-made division.”

    The announcement was made in light of the 59th meeting of the Commission on the Status of Women.

    Amongst the 30 walkers, there are two Nobel Peace Laureates Mairead Maguire and Leymah Gbowee, various authors, academics, humanitarian aid workers and faith leaders.

    The Korean people are still waiting for an official peace treaty to reunify the country. However, a cease-fire has been in place since the 1953 signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement which established a de facto border between the two countries.

    The group is planning to meet in Pyongyang and walk south, across the DMZ, meeting with southern Korean women in Seoul, where they will hold an international peace symposium.

    Ahn said, “We realise that crossing the most militarized border in the world is no simple task. We are seeking approval from both Korean governments and the U.N. We received a letter of intent last year from Pyongyang supporting our event, with a very stern caveat ‘if the conditions are right’. However, given the tense moment right now they may not be.”

    American author and Honorary Co-Chair of the international delegation, Gloria Steinem, remarked, “If this division can be healed even briefly by women, it will be inspiring in the way that women brought peace out of war in Northern Ireland or in Liberia.”

    Even without an official approval, the group is urging leaders to reduce military expenditure and redirect public money towards social welfare and environmental protection.

    #Corée #femmes #marche_pour_la_paix

  • L’Europe importe massivement des produits issus de la déforestation illégale
    http://multinationales.org/L-Europe-importe-massivement-des-produits-issus-de-la-deforestation

    L’agriculture industrielle est la principale cause de la déforestation dans le monde. Une proportion significative de cette déforestation a lieu en toute illégalité. Mais rien n’est fait pour limiter le commerce des #matières_premières agricoles issues de cette déforestation illégale. Selon un nouveau rapport de l’ONG #Fern, c’est l’Union européenne qui est la plus grosse importatrice mondiale de produits liés à la déforestation illégale, loin devant la Chine et les États-Unis. La #France est particulièrement (...)

    Actualités

    / #Agroalimentaire, France, #Europe, #Brésil, #Indonésie, #Agriculture_et_alimentation, #impact_sur_l'environnement, #alimentation, #agriculture, matières premières, #normes_et_régulations, Fern, A la (...)

    « http://www.fern.org/sites/fern.org/files/Stolen%20Goods_FR.pdf »
    « http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/09/majority-of-consumer-products-may-be-tainted-by-illegal-deforestation »

  • Bolivia’s School Meals All About Good Habits and Eating Local
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/03/bolivias-school-meals-all-about-good-habits-and-eating-local

    A successful school meals programme that serves breakfast and lunch with Andean flavours to 140,000 students in La Paz gave rise to a new law aimed at promoting healthy diets based on local traditions and products in Bolivia’s schools, while combating malnutrition and bolstering food sovereignty.

    #BOLIVIE : #alimentation à l’#école
    http://www.freresdeshommes.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/bolivie-petitis-dejeuners.pdf

    En 2011, le Gouvernement bolivien a adopté la Loi sur la révolution de la production agricole communautaire, qui privilégie des mesures à long terme en faveur :
    • de la sécurité alimentaire et de la souveraineté alimentaire, en particulier le développement de la production agricole, surtout dans l’agriculture paysanne ;
    • de programmes de protection sociale appuyés par l’aide alimentaire, comme l’alimentation à l’école.

  • #Cancer Locks a Deadly Grip on #Africa, Yet It’s Barely Noticed | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/02/cancer-locks-a-deadly-grip-on-africa-yet-its-barely-noticed

    another health crisis of enormous proportions.

    By 2020, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), approximately 16 million new cases of cancer are anticipated worldwide, with 70 percent of them in developing countries.

    (...) Most of Africa’s 2,000 plus languages have no word for cancer. The common perception in both developing and developed countries is that it is a disease of the wealthy world, where high-fat, processed-food diets, alcohol, smoking and sedentary lifestyles fuel tumour growth.

    (...) a large number – particularly in Africa – are caused by infections like hepatitis B and C which can lead to liver cancer and the human papillomavirus (#HPV) that causes almost all cervical cancers.

    (...) A study published in 2011 found that since 1980 new cervical cancer case numbers and deaths dropped substantially in rich countries, but increased dramatically in Africa and other poor regions. Overall, 76 percent of new cervical cancer cases are in developing regions, and sub-Saharan Africa already has 22 percent of all cervical cancer cases worldwide.

    According to Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Health and Child Care, the country only has four oncologists catering to over 7,000 cancer patients nationwide. (...)

    The shortage of cancer specialists is also seen in West Africa.

    Last year, The Vanguard, a Nigerian newspaper, reported that there were an estimated 60 oncologists serving over 300 million people in the West African sub-region with fewer than 20 oncologists serving 160 million Nigerians. Ghana has only seven for 24 million people, Burkina Faso two and Cote D’Ivoire just one. Sierra Leone has more than six million people and no cancer doctors.

    Across the continent in Kenya, cancer accounts for approximately 18,000 deaths annually, with up to 60 percent of fatalities occurring among people who are in the most productive years of their life.

    #santé #inégalités #fuite_des_cerveaux ou plutôt #pillage_des_cerveaux etc

  • Zimbabwe’s Famed Forests Could Soon Be Desert | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/02/zimbabwes-famed-forests-could-soon-be-desert

    Zimbabwe currently has 88,167 tobacco growers, whom environmental activists say are the catalysts of looming desertification here.

    “Curing tobacco using huge quantities of firewood and even increased domestic use of firewood in both rural and urban areas will leave Zimbabwe without forests and one has to imagine how the country would look like after the demise of the forests,” Thabilise Mlotshwa, an ecologist from Save the Environment Association, an environmental lobby group here, told IPS.

    “But really, it is difficult to object to firewood use when this is the only energy source most rural people have despite the environment being the worst casualty,” Mlotshwa added.

    (...)

    #deforestation is primarily caused by the activities of the general population. As the Zimbabwe economy plummets, indigenous timber merchants are on the rise, battling to eke a living, with environmentalists accusing them of fuelling deforestation.

    For many rural dwellers, lack of electricity in most rural areas is creating unsustainable pressures on forests in Zimbabwe

  • The Corporate Takeover of Ukrainian Agriculture | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/01/opinion-the-corporate-takeover-of-ukrainian-agriculture
    By Frederic Mousseau

    At the same time as the United States, Canada and the European Union announced a set of new sanctions against Russia in mid-December last year, Ukraine received 350 million dollars in U.S. military aid, coming on top of a one billion dollar aid package approved by the U.S. Congress in March 2014.

    Cargill is involved in the sale of pesticides, seeds and fertilisers and has recently expanded its agricultural investments to include grain storage, animal nutrition and a stake in UkrLandFarming, the largest agribusiness in the country.

    Similarly, Monsanto has been in Ukraine for years but has doubled the size of its team over the last three years. In March 2014, just weeks after Yanukovych was deposed, the company invested 140 million dollars in building a new seed plant in Ukraine.

    DuPont has also expanded its investments and announced in June 2013 that it too would be investing in a new seed plant in the country.

    Western corporations have not just taken control of certain profitable agribusinesses and agricultural activities, they have now initiated a vertical integration of the agricultural sector and extended their grip on infrastructure and shipping.

    For instance, Cargill now owns at least four grain elevators and two sunflower seed processing plants used for the production of sunflower oil. In December 2013, the company bought a “25% +1 share” in a grain terminal at the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk with a capacity of 3.5 million tons of grain per year.

    All aspects of Ukraine’s agricultural supply chain – from the production of seeds and other agricultural inputs to the actual shipment of commodities out of the country – are thus increasingly controlled by Western firms.

    #Ukraine #terres #semences #ogm #agrobusiness

  • Greece gives EU the chance to rediscover its social responsibility

    http://www.wbs.ac.uk/about/person/marianna-fotaki

    The European Union should not be afraid of Syriza winning the Greek election, but see it as a chance to rediscover its founding principle - the social dimension that created it and without which it cannot survive.

    Greece’s entire economy accounts for three per cent of the euro zone’s output but its national debt totals €360 billion or 175 per cent of the country’s GDP and poses a continuous threat to its survival. While the crippling debt cannot realistically be paid back in full, the troika of the EU, European Central Bank, and IMF insist that the drastic cuts in public spending must continue. But if Syriza is successful – as the polls suggest – it promises to renegotiate the terms of the bailout and ask for substantial debt forgiveness, which could change the terms of the debate about the future of the European project.

    It would also mean the important, but as yet, unaddressed question of who should bear the costs and risks of the monetary union within and between the euro zone countries is likely to become the centrepiece of such negotiations.

    The immense social cost of the austerity policies demanded by the troika has put in question the political and social objectives of an ‘ever closer union’ proclaimed in the EU founding documents. Formally established through the Treaty of Rome in 1957, the European Economic Community between France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries tied closely the economies of erstwhile foes, rendering the possibility of another disastrous war unaffordable. Yet the ultimate goal of integration was to bring about ‘the constant improvements of the living and working conditions of their peoples’.

    The European project has been exceptionally successful in achieving peaceful collaboration and prosperity by progressively extending these stated benefits to an increasing number of member countries, with the EU now being the world’s largest economy. Since the economic crisis of 2007, however, GDP per capita and gross disposable household incomes have declined across the EU and have not yet returned to their pre-crisis levels in many countries. Unemployment is at record high levels, with Greece and Spain topping the numbers of long-term unemployed youth.

    There are also deep inequalities within the euro zone. Strong economies that are major exporters have benefitted from free trade and the fixed exchange rate mechanism protecting their goods from price fluctuations, but the euro has hurt the least competitive economies by depriving them of a currency flexibility that could have been used to respond to the crisis.

    Without substantial transfers between weaker and stronger economies, which accounts for only 1.13 per cent of the EU’s budget at present, there is no effective mechanism for risk sharing among the member states and for addressing the consequences of the crisis in the euro zone.

    But the EU was founded on the premise of solidarity and not as a free trade zone only. Economic growth was regarded as a means for achieving desirable political and social goals through the process of painstaking institution building. With 500 million citizens and a combined GDP of €12.9 trillion in 2012 shared among its 27 members the EU is better placed than ever to live up to its founding principles. The member states that benefitted from the common currency should lead in offering meaningful support rather than decimating their weaker members in a time of crisis by forcing austerity measures upon them.

    This is not denying the responsibility for reckless borrowing resting with the successive Greek governments and their supporters. However, the logic of a collective punishment of the most vulnerable groups of the population must be rejected. The old poor and the rapidly growing new poor comprise significant sections of Greek society: 20 per cent of children live in poverty, while Greece’s unemployment rate has topped 20 per cent for four consecutive years now and reached almost 27 per cent in 2013. With youth unemployment above 50 per cent, many well-educated people have left the country. There is no access to free health care and the weak social safety net from before the crisis has all but disappeared. The dramatic welfare retrenchment combined with unemployment has led to austerity induced suicides and people searching for food in garbage cans in cities.

    A continued commitment to the policies that have produced such outcomes in the name of increasing the EU’s competitiveness challenges the terms of the European Union’s founding principles. The creditors often rationalize this using a rhetoric that assumes tax-evading unproductive Greeks brought this predicament upon themselves – they are seen as the undeserving members of the euro zone. Such reasoning creates an unhealthy political climate that gives rise to extremist nationalist movements in the EU such as the Greek criminal Golden Dawn party, which gained almost 10 per cent of votes in the last European Parliament elections.

    Explaining the euro zone debt crisis as a morality tale is both deleterious and untrue. The problematic nature of such moralistic logic must be challenged: one cannot easily justify on ethical grounds forcing the working poor to bail out a banking system from which many wealthy people benefit, or transferring the consequences of reckless lending by commercial outlets to the public. Nor can one explain the acquiescence of creditors to the machinations of the nepotistic self-serving corrupt elites dominating the state over the last 40 years that got Greece into the euro zone on false data and continue to rule it. As I have argued, the bailout money was given to the very people who are largely responsible for the crisis, while the general population of Greece is being made to suffer.

    Greece’s voters are determined to stop the ruling classes from continuing their nefarious policies that have brought the country to the brink of catastrophe, but in the coming elections their real concern will be opposing the sacrifice of the futures of an entire generation.

    #grèce

  • Yousef Munayyer sur Twitter : "According to #Fox_News, Alaska, yes, Alaska, has become a “Muslim Enclave”. How did SarahPalinUSA let this happen?
    https://twitter.com/YousefMunayyer/status/556213029097181184

    A propos de l’auteur de la carte, le “clarion project”: http://www.lapresse.ca/international/200809/19/01-672215-colere-des-musulmans-de-floride-contre-un-dvd-sur-lislam.php

    http://www.ipsnews.net/2008/09/politics-neo-cons-ex-israeli-diplomats-push-islamophobic-video

    A group of hard-line U.S. neo-conservatives and former Israeli diplomats...

  • Gli assassini di Parigi, una trappola fatale per l’Europa di Roberto Savio 14 gennaio 2015

    E’ triste vedere come un continente che è stato la culla della civiltà sta correndo ciecamente in una trappola, la trappola di una guerra santa contro l’Islam e che sei terroristi mussulmani sono stati sufficienti a determinare ciò.

    E’ ora di uscire dalla comprensibile ondata di “Siamo tutti Charlie Hebdo” per guardare ai fatti e per capire che stiamo facendo il gioco di pochi estremisti e ci stiamo mettendo sullo stesso piano. La radicalizzazione del conflitto tra occidente e Islam porterà con sé conseguenze terribili.

    Il primo fatto è che l’Islam è la seconda maggior religione del mondo, con 1,6 miliardi di praticanti; che i mussulmani sono la maggioranza in 49 paesi del mondo e che rappresentano il 24 per cento del genere umano. Di questi 1,6 miliardi solo 317 milioni sono arabi. Quasi due terzi (il 62 per cento) vivono nella regione Asia-Pacifico; in realtà più mussulmani vivono in India e Pakistan (in totale 344 milioni). La sola Indonesia ne conta 209 milioni.

    Un rapporto del Pew Research Center sul mondo mussulmano ci informa anche che è nell’Asia meridionale che i mussulmani sono più radicali in termini di idee e osservanza. In tale regione quelli a favore di severe punizioni corporali ai criminali sono l’81 per cento, rispetto al 57 per cento in Medio Oriente e in Africa del Nord, mentre quelli a favore dell’esecuzione di quelli che abbandonano l’Islam sono il 76 per cento nell’Asia meridionale, rispetto al 56 per cento in Medio Oriente.

    E’ perciò evidente che è la storia del Medio Oriente che induce la specificità degli arabi al conflitto con l’occidente. Ed ecco i quattro motivi principali.

    Primo: tutti i paesi arabi sono creazioni artificiali. Nel maggio del 1916 Monsieur Francois Georges-Picot per la Francia e Sir Mark Sykes per la Gran Bretagna si incontrarono e conclusero un trattato segreto, con il sostegno dell’Impero Russo e del Regno d’Italia, su come dividere l’Impero Ottomano alla fine della prima guerra mondiale.

    Dunque i paesi arabi di oggi sono nati in conseguenza di una divisione tra Francia e Gran Bretagna senza alcuna considerazione per le realtà etniche o religiose o per la storia. Alcuni di tali paesi, come l’Egitto, avevano un’identità storica, ma paesi come Iraq, Arabia Saudita, Giordania o anche gli Emirati Arabi non avevano neppure quella. Merita di essere ricordato che il problema curdo di 30 milioni di persone divise tra quattro paesi è stato creato dalle potenze europee.

    In conseguenza, il secondo motivo. Le potenze coloniali installarono re e sceicchi nei paesi da loro creati. Per governare questi paesi artificiali ci volevano mani forti. Così, sin dall’inizio, c’è stata una totale assenza di partecipazione del popolo, con un sistema politico che era totalmente fuori passo con il processo di democrazia che stava avendo luogo in Europa. Con la benedizione europea questi paesi furono congelati in tempi feudali.

    Quanto al terzo motivo, le potenze occidentali non hanno mai fatto alcun investimento nello sviluppo industriale o in uno sviluppo reale. Lo sfruttamento del petrolio era nelle mani di compagnie straniere e solo dopo la fine della seconda guerra mondiale e con il successivo processo di decolonizzazione le entrate petrolifere sono passate effettivamente in mani locali.

    Quando le potenze coloniali se ne sono andate, i paesi arabi non avevano alcun sistema politico moderno, nessuna infrastruttura moderna, nessuna amministrazione locale.

    Infine il quarto motivo, che è più vicino ai giorni nostri. In stati che non offrivano istruzione e assistenza sanitaria ai loro cittadini, la compassione mussulmana si assunse il compito di offrire ciò che lo stato non offriva. Furono così create vaste reti di scuole e ospedali religiosi e, con le elezioni alla fine permesse, esse divennero la base della legittimazione e del voto ai partiti mussulmani.

    E’ per questo, per prendere esempio solo da due importanti paesi, che i partiti islamisti hanno vinto in Egitto e in Algeria ed è così che, con l’acquiescenza dell’occidente, colpi di stato militari sono stati la sola risorsa per fermarli.

    Questa condensazione di tanti decenni in poche righe è ovviamente superficiale e tralascia molti altri problemi. Ma questo processo storico, brutalmente riassunto, è utile per capire come in tutto il Medio Oriente ci siano oggi rabbia e frustrazione e come ciò determini l’attrattiva dello Stato Islamico (IS) per i segmenti poveri.

    Non dovremmo dimenticare che questo contesto storico, anche se remoto per i giovani, è mantenuto vivo dal dominio israeliano del popolo palestinese. Il cieco sostegno dell’occidente, specialmente degli Stati Uniti, a Israele è vissuto dagli arabi come un’umiliazione permanente e la continua espansione degli insediamenti chiaramente elimina la possibilità di uno stato palestinese vitale.

    Il bombardamento di Gaza a luglio-agosto, con sole qualche rumorio di protesta dell’occidente, ma senza alcuna azione reale, per il mondo arabo costituisce una chiara prova dell’intenzione di tenere soggetti gli arabi e di cercare alleanze solo con governanti corrotti e delegittimati che dovrebbero essere spazzati via. E i continui interventi occidentali in Libano, Siria, Iraq e i bombardamenti dei droni dovunque, sono diffusamente percepiti dagli 1,6 miliardi come un impegno storico dell’occidente e tenere soggetto l’Islam, come ha segnalato il rapporto Pew.

    Dovremmo ricordare anche che l’Islam ha numerose divisioni interne, di cui quella sunnita-sciita è solo la più vasta. Ma mentre nella regione araba almeno il 40 dei sunniti non riconosce uno sciita come un fratello mussulmano, fuori dalla regione ciò tende a svanire. In Indonesia solo il 26 per cento si identifica come sunnita, con il 56 per cento che si identifica come “semplicemente mussulmano”.

    Nel mondo arabo solo in Iraq e in Libano, dove le due comunità vivevano fianco a fianco, una vasta maggioranza di sunniti riconosce gli sciiti come correligionari mussulmani. Il fatto che gli sciiti, che rappresentano il 13 per cento dei mussulmani, siano la grande maggioranza in Iran e i sunniti la grande maggioranza in Arabia Saudita spiega il continuo conflitto interno nella regione, che è alimentato dai due rispettivi leader.

    Al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia, allora gestito da Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (1966-2006), impiegò con successo una politica di polarizzazione in Iraq, continuando attacchi contro gli sciiti e provocando una pulizia etnica di un milione di sunniti da Baghdad. Oggi l’IS, il califfato radicale che sta sfidando l’intero mondo arabo oltre all’occidente, è in grado di attirare molti sunniti dall’Iraq che avevano sofferto tante rappresaglie sciite e che hanno cercato protezione dallo stesso gruppo che aveva deliberatamente provocato gli sciiti.

    Il fatto è che centinaia di arabi muoiono ogni giorno a causa del conflitto interno, un destino che con colpisce la comunità mussulmana più vasta.

    Ora, tutti gli attacchi terroristici in occidente che hanno avuto luogo a Ottawa, Londra e oggi a Parigi, hanno lo stesso profilo: un giovane del paese in questione, non qualcuno proveniente dalla regione araba, che non è stato per nulla religioso nell’adolescenza, uno che in qualche modo è andato alla deriva, non ha trovato un lavoro e che era un solitario. In quasi tutti i casi, qualcuno che aveva già avuto qualcosa a che fare con il sistema giudiziario.

    Solo negli ultimi pochi anni egli si era convertito all’Islam e aveva accolto gli appelli dell’IS a uccidere gli infedeli. Ha sentito che così avrebbe trovato un senso alla propria vita, sarebbe diventato un martire, qualcuno in un altro mondo, rimosso da una vita in cui non c’era alcuno vero futuro luminoso.

    La reazione a tutto questo è stata una campagna contro l’Islam in occidente. Il numero più recente del New Yorker ha pubblicato un articolo forte che ha definito l’Islam non una religione, bensì un’ideologia. In Italia, Matteo Salvini, leader della Lega Nord, di destra e contraria agli immigrati, ha pubblicamente condannato il Papa per aver coinvolto l’Islam in un dialogo, è il guru conservatore italiano Giuliano Ferrara ha dichiarato in televisione che “siamo in una Guerra Santa”.

    La reazione generale europea (e statunitense) è consistita nel denunciare le uccisioni di Parigi come la conseguenza di una “ideologia mortale”, come l’ha chiamata il presidente Francois Hollande.

    E’ certamente un segno dell’onda anti-mussulmana che la Cancelliera tedesca Angela Merkel sia stata costretta a prendere posizione contro le recenti marce a Dresda (popolazione mussulmana: 2 per cento), organizzate dal movimento populista Pegida (l’acronimo tedesco di “Europei Patriottici Contro l’Islamizzazione dell’Occidente”). Le marce erano fondamentalmente dirette contro i 200.000 richiedenti asilo, prevalentemente dall’Iraq e dalla Siria, la cui principale intenzione, secondo Pegida, non era di sfuggire alla guerra.

    Studi da tutta Europa mostrano che l’immensa maggioranza degli immigrati si è integrata con successo nelle economie ospiti. Studi delle Nazioni Uniti mostrano anche che l’Europa, con il suo declino demografico, ha necessità di almeno 50 milioni di immigrati entro il 2050 se vuole restare vitale nelle pratiche di stato sociale e competitiva nel mondo. E tuttavia, a cosa assistiamo dappertutto?

    Partiti xenofobi di destra in ogni paese d’Europa, in grado di far dimettere il governo svedese, che condizionano i governi di Gran Bretagna, Danimarca e Olanda e che appaiono suscettibili di vincere le prossime elezioni in Francia.

    Andrebbe aggiunto che, anche se ciò che è avvenuto a Parigi è stato naturalmente un crimine odioso, e anche se l’espressione di ogni opinione è essenziale per la democrazia, pochissimo hanno mai visto Charlie Hebdo e il suo livello di provocazione. Specialmente perché nel 2008, come ha segnalato Tariq Ramadan sul The Guardian del 10 gennaio, Charlie Hebdo aveva licenziato un giornalista che aveva fatto una battuta su un collegamento ebraico con il figlio del presidente francese Nicolas Sarkozy.

    Charlie Hebdo è stato una voce a difesa della superiorità della Francia e della sua supremazia culturale nel mondo, e aveva un piccolo numero di lettori, ottenuto vendendo provocazioni, esattamente il contrario della visione di un mondo basato sul rispetto e la collaborazione tra culture e religioni diverse.

    Così oggi siamo tutti Charlie, come tutti dicono. Ma radicalizzare lo scontro tra le due maggiori religioni del mondo non è cosa di poco conto. Dovremmo combattere il terrorismo, sia mussulmano o no (non dimentichiamo che un norvegese, Anders Behring Breivik, che voleva tenere il suo paese libero dalla penetrazione mussulmana, ha ucciso 91 suoi concittadini).

    Ma stiamo cadendo in una trappola mortale e stiamo facendo esattamente quello che vogliono i mussulmani radicali: ingaggiare una guerra santa contro l’Islam, in modo che l’immensa maggioranza dei mussulmani moderati sia spinta a prendere le armi.

    Il fatto che i partiti europei di destra raccoglieranno il frutto di questa radicalizzazione va benissimo per i mussulmani radicali. Essi sognano una lotta mondiale in cui faranno dell’Islam – e non di un Islam qualsiasi, bensì della loro interpretazione del sunnismo – la sola religione. Invece di una strategia di isolamento ci stiamo impegnando in una politica di scontro.

    E, ad eccezione dell’11 settembre a New York, le perdite di vite sono state ridottissime in confronto con ciò che accade nel mondo arabo, dove in un solo paese – la Siria – 50.000 persone hanno perso la vita l’anno scorso.

    Come possiamo essere così ciechi da cadere nella trappola senza renderci conto che stiamo creando uno scontro terribile in tutto il mondo?

    Roberto Savio è fondatore e presidente emerito dell’agenzia di stampa Inter Press Service (IPS) e editore di Other News.

    www.znetitaly.org

    Fonte: https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/the-paris-killings-a-fatal-trap-for-europe

    Originale: http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/01/opinion-the-paris-killings-a-fatal-trap-for-europe

    #roberto_savio #religion #charli_hebdo #terrorism #europe #Arabs #colonialism

    @wizo @paolo

  • Oil Price Plunge Could Take a Bite from Arms Budgets | Inter Press Service
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/01/oil-price-plunge-could-take-a-bite-from-arms-budgets

    Striking a cautionary note, Wezeman said it is, however, too early to say anything about this with certainty, as the arms procuring states in question tend to be highly secretive and undemocratic about military matters and arms procurement programmes and plans.

    “They may very well decide to cut spending in other sectors instead, if lower oil prices force them to cut overall government spending,” he declared.

  • The Day Anti-Castro Forces Tried to Bomb the U.N.
    http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/12/the-day-anti-castro-forces-tried-to-bomb-the-u-n


    Ernesto “Che” Guevara, Minister of Industries of Cuba, addresses the General Assembly on Dec. 11, 1964. UN Photo/TC

    When the politically-charismatic Ernesto Che #Guevera, once second-in-command to Cuban leader Fidel Castro, was at the United Nations to address the General Assembly sessions back in 1964, the U.N. headquarters came under attack – literally.

    The speech by the Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary was momentarily drowned by the sound of an explosion.

    The anti-Castro forces in the United States, backed by the Central Intelligence Agency (#CIA), had mounted an insidious campaign to stop Che Guevera from speaking.

    A 3.5-inch bazooka was fired at the 39-storeyed glass house by the East River while a CIA-inspired anti-Castro, anti-Che Guevara vociferous demonstration was taking place outside the U.N. building on New York’s First Avenue and 42nd street.

    #Cuba