daily science news and opinion

Il était temps que je compile une nouvelle #recension de citations des travaux de #Richard_Wilkinson et #Kate_Pickett, et d’autres, sur la corrélation entre #inégalités et #problèmes_sociaux (et environnementaux), en mentionnant aussi l’#invisibilisation fréquente de Kate Pickett.

Leurs deux principaux livres :

The spirit level : why more equal societies almost always do better
Richard Wilkinson et Kate Pickett, Allen Lane, 2009

Traduit en français sous : Pourquoi l’égalité est meilleure pour tous
Richard Wilkinson et Kate Pickett, Les Petits Matins, 2013

The Inner Level : How More Equal Societies Reduce Stress, Restore Sanity and Improve Everyone’s Well-Being
Kate Pickett et Richard Wilkinson, Penguin Press, 2019

Traduit en français sous : Pour vivre heureux, vivons égaux ! Comment l’égalité réduit le stress, préserve la santé mentale et améliore le bien-être de tous
Kate Pickett et Richard Wilkinson, Les liens qui libèrent, 2019

Un documentaire a aussi été réalisé :

The Divide, de Katharine Round (2015)
avec Richard Wilkinson, Kate Pickett, Noam Chomsky...
▻https://thedividedocumentary.com

Articles sur SeenThis :

Vie de merde, bouffe de merde, corps de pauvres
Laurent Chambon, Minorités, le 4 avril 2010
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/164618

Alienation, human nature and mutual aid
Anarcho, le 3 janvier 2011
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/13315

Comment les inégalités économiques nuisent aux sociétés
Richard Wilkinson, TED Talk, Juillet 2011
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/39401

Réduire les inégalités est bon pour l’environnement
Agnès Sinaï, Actu Environnement, le 12 octobre 2011
►https://seenthis.net/messages/37733

Richard Wilkinson : « Les inégalités nuisent à tous, y compris aux plus aisés »
Pascal Riché, Rue89, le 20 octobre 2013
►https://seenthis.net/messages/228691

Pourquoi l’égalité est meilleure pour tous
Nicolas Journet, Sciences Humaines, le 17 novembre 2013
►https://seenthis.net/messages/517783

L’austérité tue massivement : des preuves chiffrées
Jean Gadrey, Alternatives Economiques, le 9 décembre 2013
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/205592

La fin du monde : la faute à qui ?
Dror Warschawski, Le Courrier (Genève), le 6 mai 2014
►https://seenthis.net/messages/254232

Les inégalités nous rendent malades
Richard Wilkinson, Projet, le 21 mai 2014
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/259192

« L’égalité c’est la santé » (et l’amour aussi...)
Baptiste Lefevre, interview de Richard Wilkinson, Fakir, juin 2014 - édité en livre en février 2016
►http://www.fakirpresse.info/l-egalite-c-est-la-sante-et-l-amour-aussi

Income inequality and health : A causal review
Kate E. Pickett and Richard G. Wilkinson
Social Science & Medicine 128:316-326 (Mars 2015)
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/352063
►https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953614008399?np=y

Richard Wilkinson : « Les riches n’abandonnent que face à une menace sociale »
François Ruffin, Fakir, le 20 février 2016
►https://seenthis.net/messages/517783

Income inequality is cyclical
Branko Milanovic, Nature, 537:479–482, le 21 septembre 2016
►https://seenthis.net/messages/535662
►https://www.nature.com/news/income-inequality-is-cyclical-1.20618

Americans Are Dying Faster. Millennials, Too
Ben Steverman, Bloomberg, le 28 octobre 2016
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/537950

Illness as indicator
The Economist, le 19 novembre 2016
►https://seenthis.net/messages/541433

Economic growth in the United States : A tale of two countries
Emmanuel Saez, Thomas Piketty et Gabriel Zucman, Equitable Growth, le 6 décembre 2016
►https://seenthis.net/messages/550015

A New Study Shows How Severe U.S. Inequality Is — and How Little We’re Doing About It
Eric Levitz, New York Magazine, le 8 décembre 2016
►https://seenthis.net/messages/550015

Life Expectancy in U.S. Declines Slightly, and Researchers Are Puzzled
Katie Rogers, New York Times, le 8 décembre 2016
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/550343

Stanford historian uncovers a grim correlation between violence and inequality over the millennia
Elena Dancu, Stanford News, le 24 janvier 2017
►https://seenthis.net/messages/564635

Les politiques ne comprennent pas qu’une nouvelle classe sociale s’est formée après la crise
Amid Faljaoui, Trends, le 1er mars 2017
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/575648

Votre croissance, nous n’en voulons plus !
François Ruffin, le 26 septembre 2018
►https://seenthis.net/messages/725163
►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRUxBKOq9kc

Moins d’inégalités pour plus de croissance
Alexis Louaas, La Vie des Idées, le 5 février 2019
►https://seenthis.net/messages/757902

Richard Wilkinson : « Le changement climatique exige des sociétés plus égalitaires »
Kévin Boucaud-Victoire, Le Média, le 22 février 2019
►https://seenthis.net/messages/762180

Les ravages insoupçonnés des inégalités de richesse
Marie Charrel, Le Monde, le 25 février 2019
►https://seenthis.net/messages/762844

Pour vivre heureux, vivons égaux (1 heure)
Richard Wilkinson et François Ruffin, le 5 mars 2019
►https://seenthis.net/messages/765272
►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFhtgPXz3O4

et bien sûr tout ça est lié à #effondrement #collapsologie #catastrophe #fin_du_monde #it_has_begun #Anthropocène #capitalocène et se retrouve donc sur les compilations :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/680147

[Dossier] Migrations | Nature
via @ljegou sur Twitter

Data on movements of refugees and migrants are flawed

Accurate and timely information on the flow of people is crucial for policymaking and apolitical interpretations / Une information précise et opportune est cruciale sur la circulation des personnes pour l’élaboration des politiques et les interprétations apolitiques.

“The headline “710,000 migrants entered EU in first nine months of 2015” blared from a press release that year by Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency in Warsaw. Not so, said social scientist Nando Sigona, an expert on refugees and migration at the University of Birmingham, UK. Frontex, he pointed out, had been counting the same people two or three times or more — for example, a person who was recorded on arrival in Greece and left the EU by going to Albania was again counted on re-entering the bloc by a different route. Frontex has since made this caveat clear in its releases of cross-border data. But it is often the headline numbers that are retained by the media, and by the many populists and politicians who abuse data on refugees and migrants for political ends. We simply do not know the true figure.”

►https://www.nature.com/news/data-on-movements-of-refugees-and-migrants-are-flawed-1.21568

Lire le dossier : ▻https://www.nature.com/news/human-migration-1.21521

Image credit: Alberto Seveso

https://pic.infini.fr/7JpHLKES/Bny2CNgK.jpg

#migrants #migrations #réfugiés #data #Syrie #Nature #mouvements #flux

Lower emissions on the high seas : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/lower-emissions-on-the-high-seas-1.22916

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.47432.1509442681!/image/WEB_GettyImages-178799296.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/WEB_GettyImages-178799296.jpg

In Herman Melville’s novel Moby-Dick, seafaring is the occupation of adventure-lovers. But since the maritime classic was published in 1851, the act of ‘sailing about a little’ has become a huge commercial undertaking. Today, a massive fleet of cargo ships transports 90% of global consumer goods. Shipping is efficient — but comes with an environmental cost that has not been adequately accounted for.

#climat #émissions_CO2 #CO2 #transport_maritime

Shrew skulls shrink for winter survival : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/shrew-skulls-shrink-for-winter-survival-1.22874

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.47277.1508769029!/image/shrew1_WEB.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/shrew1_WEB.jpg

Lázaro and his colleagues are now investigating which brain structures change most from season to season, and whether the animals experience any cognitive impairments in winter. If they do, it might not matter too much, says Rychlik. “Their winter life is more boring,” he says. “They are less active, less involved in interactions, not busy with reproduction and searching for partners. They are just focused on foraging and saving energy.”

#musaraigne #cerveau #repos #hiver #adaptation

The rise and fall and rise again of 23andMe : Nature News & Comment
►http://www.nature.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-again-of-23andme-1.22801

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.46922.1507718105!/image/Wojcicki.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/Wojcicki.jpg

23andme has always been the most visible face of direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and it is more formidable now than ever before. In September, the company announced that it had raised US$250 million: more than the total amount of capital raised by the company since its inception. Investors estimate that it is worth more than $1 billion, making it a ’unicorn’ in Silicon Valley parlance — a rare and valuable thing to behold. But for scientists, 23andme’s real worth is in its data. With more than 2 million customers, the company hosts by far the largest collection of gene-linked health data anywhere. It has racked up 80 publications, signed more than 20 partnerships with pharmaceutical firms and started a therapeutics division of its own.

“They have quietly become the largest genetic study the world has ever known,” says cardiologist Euan Ashley at Stanford University, California.

Scientists, meanwhile, were dubious. Family history was and is still a more powerful indicator than genes are for predicting the risk of most diseases. “The evidence is increasingly strong that the benefits of direct-to-consumer testing for these kinds of indications are somewhere between small and zero,” says Stanford University lawyer and ethicist Hank Greely, a long-time critic of the company.

#Génomique #23andme

The rise and fall and rise again of 23andMe : Nature
►http://www.nature.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-again-of-23andme-1.22801

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.46922.1507718105!/image/Wojcicki.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/Wojcicki.jpg

Most scientists no longer see 23andme as a frivolous undertaking. The ability to recruit two million customers, and potentially many more, has been a huge draw, and researchers are lining up to collaborate with the company.

Don’t let disaster recovery perpetuate injustice : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/don-t-let-disaster-recovery-perpetuate-injustice-1.22668

In Louisiana, recovery efforts after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 enabled private companies to capture public housing. Homes owned or occupied predominantly by poor evacuees were declared a nuisance, marked for demolition and resold at cut-throat rates. When the federal government allocated billions of dollars to the Army Corps of Engineers to fix, upgrade and rehabilitate levees and flood walls, this served only to entrench, rather than eliminate, vulnerability among some poor communities. To hasten repairs after Katrina, environmental and air-pollution standards were relaxed: hazardous wastes were not properly stored and open burning was allowed. Clean-up efforts concentrated toxic pollution and debris in particular landfills or alongside communities of colour. Sediment left in the wake of floodwaters contained high levels of arsenic, raising its concentrations in soils at playgrounds and schools in minority neighbourhoods. Although some long-term restoration planning is worthy of praise, there is plenty to criticize. The rebuilding of canals and roads further eroded environmental buffers (such as wetlands) crucial to future storm-surge mitigation.

#reconstruction

Massive genetic study shows how humans are evolving : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/massive-genetic-study-shows-how-humans-are-evolving-1.22565

#Génétique. Une étude dévoile comment les êtres humains évoluent | Courrier international
▻http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/genetique-une-etude-devoile-comment-les-etres-humains-evoluen

http://www.courrierinternational.com/sites/ci_master/files/styles/image_940/public/assets/images/rtx2fexw_layout_comp.jpg?itok=X9yK_6aW

L’analyse de l’ADN de 215 000 personnes suggère que les mutations génétiques qui raccourcissent la durée de vie des gens sont éliminées.

[...]

Les chercheurs suggèrent que les personnes qui ne possèdent pas ces #mutations sont susceptibles de vivre plus longtemps. “En soi, ces travaux ne prouvent pas qu’il y a évolution”, note la revue scientifique, car en termes d’évolution à proprement parler, la durée de vie a moins d’importance que la capacité à se reproduire et à propager son patrimoine génétique. Et la question de savoir si ces #gènes à effet tardif réduisent la capacité à se reproduire reste entièrement ouverte.

#longévité

Rumours swell over new kind of gravitational-wave sighting (http://...
▻https://diasp.eu/p/5959277

Rumours swell over new kind of gravitational-wave sighting

Hacker News Comments: ▻https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15105249

Source: ▻http://www.nature.com/news/rumours-swell-over-new-kind-of-gravitational-wave-sighting-1.22482

#hackernews

Largest-ever study of controversial #pesticides finds harm to bees : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/largest-ever-study-of-controversial-pesticides-finds-harm-to-bees-1.22229

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.45037.1498756082!/image/GettyImages-538390176_web.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/GettyImages-538390176_web.jpg

However, the work was mainly funded by two major neonicotinoid makers, #Bayer CropScience and #Syngenta. They question the scientists’ conclusions and defend the pesticides, which are already banned or restricted in several countries. The researchers who did the work say they were totally independent.

Three years to safeguard our climate : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/three-years-to-safeguard-our-climate-1.22201

https://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.44932.1498557541!/image/nature_graph_emissions_29.6.17.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/nature_graph_emissions_29.6.17.jpg

#climat

Resistance to last-ditch antibiotic has spread farther than anticipated : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/resistance-to-last-ditch-antibiotic-has-spread-farther-than-anticipated-1.22

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.44708.1497043714!/image/GettyImages-608724594_web.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/GettyImages-608724594_web.jpg

Concernant la #résistance plus importante que prévue à la #colistine, un #antibiotique de « dernier recours » (▻https://www.mypharma-editions.com/medicaments-essentiels-loms-emet-de-nouvelles-recommandations-sur)

Eighteen months ago, a gene that confers resistance to colistin — known as an ‘antibiotic of last resort’ — emerged in bacteria from pigs in China. Since then, the resistance gene, called mcr-1, has been found around the world at an alarming rate, according to several presentations at the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, last week.

In some places, nearly 100% of farm animals carry mcr-1, and an increasing number of people do as well. The gene’s spread is one of the clearest examples of how antibiotic use on farms can lead to resistance in human infections , says Lance Price, an antibiotic researcher at George Washington University in Washington DC.

Huge Arctic report ups estimates of sea-level rise : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/huge-arctic-report-ups-estimates-of-sea-level-rise-1.21911

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.43893.1493388154!/image/GettyImages-664085452_web.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/GettyImages-664085452_web.jpg

Le réchauffement de l’Arctique plus rapide et plus dévastateur que prévu | ICI.Radio-Canada.ca
▻http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1030107/rechauffement-climatique-arctique-fonte-changements-climat-meteo-sw

Certaines des grandes constatations du rapport :

L’océan #Arctique serait en grande partie libre de glaces pendant l’été d’ici 2030, ou même plus tôt.

Les #températures dans l’Arctique montent deux fois plus vite qu’ailleurs sur la planète. À l’automne 2016, les températures moyennes dépassaient les normes saisonnières de 6 degrés Celsius.

La fonte du #pergélisol, qui stocke environ 50 % du #carbone du monde, touche déjà l’infrastructure du Nord et pourrait rejeter des volumes importants de #méthane dans l’atmosphère.

Les ours polaires, les morses et les phoques, qui dépendent des glaces de la #banquise pour leur survie, connaissent de plus en plus de stress et de perturbations.

Les changements dans l’Arctique seraient à l’origine de changements météorologiques dans des régions aussi éloignées que le Sud-Est asiatique.

#climat #réchauffement

The massive East Antarctic Ice Sheet looks stable from above — but it’s a dangerously different story below.
▻http://www.nature.com/news/antarctica-s-sleeping-ice-giant-could-wake-soon-1.21808

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.43544.1491575043!/image/Antarctica-feature-graphic-13.04.17.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/Antarctica-feature-graphic-13.04.17.jpg

#antarctique #climat

Protect rights at automated borders.

Gemma Galdon Clavell calls for checks and balances to avoid the indiscriminate sharing of personal data.

In 2013, the European Union proposed expanding and harmonizing automated border crossings across the region. This Smart Borders initiative could soon be approved1. The automated gates (e-gates) in place in many EU airports are the first phase. The European Agency for the Operational Management of Large-scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (eu-LISA) is testing how to link them to databases and processes region-wide. Entries and exits will be stored in a database, replacing passport stamps. This information will be made available to border-control and immigration authorities, and will be linked to fingerprint records and watch lists held by police, customs and immigration agencies.

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.42583.1487953810!/image/WEBnature_graphic_migration_borders_2.3.17.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/WEBnature_graphic_migration_borders_2.3.17.jpg

What the numbers say about refugees. The biggest concentrations of displaced people lie far from the spotlight.

Growing concerns over an ‘invasion’ of refugees and migrants helped to elect Donald Trump and sway Brexit voters. Yet the data suggest that the situation is very different from how it is often portrayed.

Researchers warn that misleading reports about the magnitude of flows into Europe and the United States are creating unjustified fears about refugees. That is undermining efforts to manage the massive humanitarian problems faced by those fleeing Syria and other hotspots.

The number of refugees and migrants entering the European Union is low compared with the bloc’s population. Nations in Africa and Asia are absorbing many more. “The number of refugees in Europe is a classic example of perception versus reality,” says geographer Nikola Sander at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.42711.1488366959!/image/refugees-feature-graphic-online01.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/refugees-feature-graphic-online01.jpg http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.42712.1488366985!/image/refugees-feature-graphic-online02.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/refugees-feature-graphic-online02.jpg

▻http://www.nature.com/news/what-the-numbers-say-about-refugees-1.21548
#statistiques #chiffres #afflux #mythe #préjugés #graphiques #visualisation
cc @reka

A giant neuron found wrapped around entire mouse brain : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/a-giant-neuron-found-wrapped-around-entire-mouse-brain-1.21539

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.42573.1487947588!/image/3_claustrum_neurons_AIBSa.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/3_claustrum_neurons_AIBSa.jpg

Like ivy plants that send runners out searching for something to cling to, the brain’s neurons send out shoots that connect with other neurons throughout the organ. A new digital reconstruction method shows three neurons that branch extensively throughout the brain, including one that wraps around its entire outer layer. The finding may help to explain how the brain creates consciousness.

#cerveau #neurones #conscience

Gates Foundation research can’t be published in top journals : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/gates-foundation-research-can-t-be-published-in-top-journals-1.21299

Scientists who do research funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are not — for the moment — allowed to publish papers about that work in journals that include Nature, Science, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

#open_access #bill_gates (cette fois du bon côté !)

Five big mysteries about CRISPR’s origins : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/five-big-mysteries-about-crispr-s-origins-1.21294

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.41636.1484211579!/image/research.pasteur.fr_molecular-biology-of-gene-in-extremophiles.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/research.pasteur.fr_molecular-biology-of-gene-in-extremophiles.jpg

For Mojica, exploring that diversity and answering basic questions about CRISPR systems hold more allure than the revolution they sparked. This puzzles many of his colleagues, he says. He has immersed himself in CRISPR–Cas biology for a quarter of a century, and although there’s a lot of funding available for those who wish to edit genomes, there is considerably less for the kind of work he does.

The quiet revolutionary: How the co-discovery of CRISPR explosively changed Emmanuelle Charpentier’s life : Nature News & Comment
►http://www.nature.com/news/the-quiet-revolutionary-how-the-co-discovery-of-crispr-explosively-changed-e

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.36034.1461592478!/image/PA-23209793.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/PA-23209793.jpg

The microbiologist spent years moving labs and relishing solitude. Then her work on gene-editing thrust her into the scientific spotlight.

The unsung heroes of CRISPR : Nature News & Comment
▻http://www.nature.com/news/the-unsung-heroes-of-crispr-1.20272

http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.37868.1468859480!/image/crispr_heroes.jpg_gen/derivatives/nature_homepage/crispr_heroes.jpg

The soaring popularity of gene editing has made celebrities of the principal investigators who pioneered the field — but their graduate students and postdocs are often overlooked.

#crispr-cas #recherche #financements #inégalités #star-system

Plusieurs dizaines de physiciens nucléaires pointent au commissariat de Vienne
▻https://lundi.am/En-soutien-a-leur-collegue-assigne-a-residence-en-France-30-physiciens-du-CERN

Adlène Hicheur : assigné à résidence, la communauté scientifique s’organise pour le soutenir

« ▻http://www.nature.com/news/lhc-scientists-bring-conference-to-deported-physicist-1.21155?WT.mc_id=TWT_N »