Attentats de Paris : l’analyse d’Alain Gresh

/attentats-de-paris-l-analyse-d-alain-gr

  • Attentats de Paris : l’analyse d’Alain Gresh | Middle East Eye
    http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/analyses/attentats-de-paris-l-analyse-d-alain-gresh-266376078

    (...) MEE : Comment expliquer la trajectoire des trois terroristes, nés et élevés en France ?

    Vous avez raison de souligner que ce sont des Français. Ils sont passés par les écoles ou les prisons de la République et sont devenus les échecs de la République. Ce sont des jeunes gens qui ont cherché une voie au sein de sociétés occidentales, qui non seulement sont séparées de la religion mais n’ont plus de grandes causes à offrir. Ce n’est plus le temps des grands combats, où on était au parti communiste ou à l’extrême gauche et où on soutenait les guérillas d’Amérique latine. Il reste peu de causes crédibles sur le marché des idéaux et la seule qui paraît s’opposer à l’impérialisme est aujourd’hui l’Etat islamique ou Al-Qaïda. La manière, d’ailleurs, dont on présente ces deux organisations comme des menaces existentielles pour l’Occident les aide à se crédibiliser. En grossissant la menace d’ISIS, on favorise son attrait. Je pense au contraire que l’Etat islamique n’est pas une menace existentielle ; il faut bien sûr le combattre, combattre ses racines dans les situations irakiennes et syriennes. Mais il faut faire attention à l’idée entendue ces jours-ci que nous serions dans une Troisième Guerre mondiale, cette fois contre le terrorisme, en oubliant que les guerres mondiales précédentes ont opposé des Etats et non des concepts. Il y a aussi, partout en France, pas seulement dans la population d’origine maghrébine, une profonde détestation des élites, politiques et journalistiques. Cela influe forcément sur la façon dont sont perçus les événements internationaux. Enfin, il y a une vraie mobilisation de ces jeunes Français issus de l’immigration pour la question de la Palestine. Certains peuvent alors avoir l’impression qu’il y a un double langage occidental sur cette question, ce qui est tout à fait exact.

    MEE : La cristallisation du débat politique français autour de la notion de laïcité a-t-elle joué un rôle dans ce climat particulier ?

    La notion française de laïcité a pu envenimer les débats en France, ce d’autant plus qu’à mon avis il s’agit là d’une mauvaise lecture de la laïcité. Quand on observe l’Histoire, notamment la loi de 1905 de séparation des Eglises et de l’Etat, on se rend compte que cette loi était assez tolérante. Cela n’a jamais posé problème qu’il y ait des processions religieuses dans la rue, que l’Etat et les municipalités financent l’entretien des églises, ce n’était pas une laïcité fermée. Or depuis une quinzaine d’années, avec l’émergence de l’islam comme force religieuse, cette laïcité française est devenue beaucoup plus excluante, et elle sert de prétexte à un ostracisme contre les musulmans français. Ainsi, de façon très significative, la laïcité a été récupérée par l’extrême droite alors qu’elle a toujours été traditionnellement une valeur de gauche. (...)

    déjà cité par @remi en commentaire http://seenthis.net/messages/330442#message331331

  • Reza Aslan se montre on ne peut plus clair : l’Arabie séoudite a dépensé plus de 100 milliards de dollars sur les 20 ou 30 dernières années pour répandre le wahhabisme dans le monde, idéologie qu’il définit comme le virus à la source de Boko Haram, ISIS ou al Qaeda…
    http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2015/01/reza-aslan-anyone-who-asks-why-muslims-have-not-condemned-terrorism-cant-u

    “There’s no question that there has been a virus that has spread throughout the Muslim world, a virus of ultra-orthodox puritanism,” Aslan replied. “But there’s also no question what the source of this virus is — whether we’re talking about Boko Haram, or ISIS, or al Qaeda, or the Taliban.”

    “All of them have as their source Wahhabism, or the state religion of Saudi Arabia,” he said. “And as we all know, Saudi Arabia has spent over $100 billion in the past 20 or 30 years spreading this ideology throughout the world.”

    C’est au tout début de la vidéo :
    http://mediamatters.org/video/2015/01/11/reza-aslan-anyone-who-asks-why-muslims-arent-de/202086

    (Ça commence à vraiment vraiment se voir. Nos usuels affreux vont devoir lancer une grande campagne de dénonciation du Saudi bashing…)

    • Chiffre qui était déjà réapparu l’année dernière, par exemple ici : Jonathan Manthorpe : Saudi Arabia funding fuels jihadist terror
      http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Jonathan+Manthorpe+Saudi+Arabia+funding+fuels+jihadist+terror/8445197/story.html

      In 2003, a United States Senate committee on terrorism heard testimony that in the previous 20 years Saudi Arabia had spent $87 billion on promoting Wahhabism worldwide.

      This included financing 210 Islamic centres, 1,500 mosques, 202 colleges and 2,000 madrassas (religious schools).

      Various estimates put the amount the Saudi government spends on these missionary institutions as up to $3 billion a year.

      This money smothers the voices of moderate Muslims and the poison flows into every Muslim community worldwide.

    • La source de ce dernier article est la déposition d’Alex Alexiev lors d’auditions du Sénat des États-Unis de 2003 : « Terrorism : Growing Wahhabi Influence in the United States », Testimony before the US Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security, 26 June 2003

      http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-108shrg91326/pdf/CHRG-108shrg91326.pdf

      Mr. ALEXIEV. Now how could one explain the fact that such a hateful creed in fact has been able to take over much of the Islamic establishment worldwide and become its dominant idiom? The short answer, and there are also other things we can talk about—the short answer is money; lots of it. In the past 25 years or so, according to Saudi official information, Saudi Arabia has given over $70 billion of what they call development aid, which in fact they themselves confirm goes mostly for what they call Islamic activities.

      Senator KYL. Over what period of time?

      Mr. ALEXIEV. In the last 25 years roughly, from mid 1970’s to the end of last year; 281 billion Saudi riyals according to their official statements. This is nearly $2.5 billion per year. This makes it the largest sustained ideological campaign in history, in my view. I served as what was called a Sovietology for nearly two decades and the best estimates that we had on Soviet external propaganda spending was $1 billion a year. So you are talking about an absolutely astounding amount of money being spent for the specific purpose of promoting, preaching Wahhabi hatred.

      C’est un document qu’il faut lire.

    • Merci beaucoup Nidal pour ces articles essentiels.

      Après si des anglophones ou des « fluent » en anglais se dévouent pour faire une synthèse du rapport d’audition du Sénat américain de 2003, ils auront droit à ma reconnaissance éternelle : lire 60 pages en anglais ... il me faudrait beaucoup de temps libre. ;-)

    • Voici le texte. Tu peux tenter la traduction automatique, normalement Google s’en sort pas trop mal avec l’anglais.

      Mr. ALEXIEV. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate the opportunity to appear here and talk about an issue that is of the utmost importance. I have submitted a written statement and instead of reading it, with your permission I would like to briefly summarize the issues in it.

      The basic premise of my statement is that the phenomenon of violent Islamic extremism is the key problem we are facing today. Al Qaeda, murderous as it is, is but a symptom, in my view, of an underlying malignancy which is Islamic extremism and the entire edifice, if you will, of extremism that breeds terrorism. What I mean by that is even if we are successful to defeat al Qaeda totally, another al Qaeda will come by if we do not at the same time succeed in destroying the edifice of Islamic extremism.

      This huge international infrastructure is sponsored ideologically and financially by Wahhabism, and that is to say, Saudi Arabia. I do not believe that we are likely to make much progress in the war on terrorism, lasting progress, until we eliminate this edifice of extremism.

      Let me briefly talk about the ideology that drives Wahhabism. Wahhabism pretends to be Islam in its purest form. I submit to you, Mr. Chairman, that it is nothing of the kind. It is in fact an extremely reactionary, obscure sect whose teaching contradicts traditional Islamic doctrine. To that extent it is incorrect to refer to it as fundamentalist because it in fact transgresses against some of the fundamentals of Islamic teaching as given in the Koran. In fact Wahhabis teaching contradicts traditional tenets of the Koran to the point of falsifying them.

      The give you just one example, Wahhabism teaches and has been doing so since the very beginning, since the big 18th century, that all Muslims that do not subscribe to Wahhabism are in fact apostates and heretics and violence against them is not only permissible but in fact obligatory. This continues to be the teaching that Wahhabis subscribe to to this day. As a result, Wahhabism is not only directed against infidels, non-Muslims, but is in fact directed against and threatens Muslims that do not subscribe to Wahhabism. That is a key point to understand.

      As a result, this violent creed has become, in my view, the prototype ideology of all Islamic extremist and terrorist groups, and that includes those that violently oppose the House of Saud, such as bin Laden. In this respect it is very important for us to understand that Wahhabi activities are not a matter of religion, but in my view a matter of criminal sedition and ought to be treated as such.

      1 Stephen Schwartz’s affiliation with the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies ended in August 2003.

      It is just as important to understand, as I mentioned, that they threaten not only our liberal democratic order but they threaten other Muslims such as Sunnis, the Shi’as, the different Sufi orders, the Barelvis in South Asia, the Bahai, the Ahmadis, et cetera. These other Muslims in fact are potential allies in the struggle against this extremist phenomenon.
      Now how could one explain the fact that such a hateful creed in fact has been able to take over much of the Islamic establishment worldwide and become its dominant idiom? The short answer, and there are also other things we can talk about—the short answer is money; lots of it. In the past 25 years or so, according to Saudi official information, Saudi Arabia has given over $70 billion of what they call development aid, which in fact they themselves confirm goes mostly for what they call Islamic activities.

      Senator KYL. Over what period of time?

      Mr. ALEXIEV. In the last 25 years roughly, from mid 1970’s to the end of last year; 281 billion Saudi riyals according to their official statements. This is nearly $2.5 billion per year. This makes it the largest sustained ideological campaign in history, in my view. I served as what was called a Sovietology for nearly two decades and the best estimates that we had on Soviet external propaganda spending was $1 billion a year. So you are talking about an absolutely astounding amount of money being spent for the specific purpose of promoting, preaching Wahhabi hatred.

      They have used this amount of money to take over mosques around the world, to establish Wahhabi control of Islamic institutions, subsidize extremist madrassas in South Asia and elsewhere, control Islamic publishing houses. They currently control probably four-fifths of all Islamic publishing houses. And spend money, a lot of it, on aggressive proselytizing, apart from direct support of terrorism.

      What have they achieved for that money? I would submit to you that they have achieved quite a bit. To give you just one example, in Pakistan there are roughly 10,000 extremist madrassas that are run by Deobandi allies of the Wahhabis, and the Deobandis are very similar in their ideology to the Wahhabis. They currently teach, according to Pakistan sources, between one and 1.7 million children, essentially to hate. They do not get much schooling in any subject that is not related to Islamic activities.

      It is important to know that of these at least 1 million children, 15 percent are foreigners. So it is not just Pakistan that is affected by the fact that tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of kids are taught how to hate, and graduate from these madrassas without any useful education that could be used in the marketplace, but perfectly prepared for a career in jihad and extremist activities. 16,000 of them, for instance, are Arabs that are taught in these schools.

      As a result, Pakistan is very close to being a dysfunctional country. Two of its provinces, the Northwest frontier province and the Beluchistan in fact have governments that are openly extremist and there is a process of Talibanization of these provinces that is extremely disturbing. It is, again, not just Pakistan. It is all over. We do not have time to discuss that here but let me just mention that in Iraq, in the Kurdish areas of Iraq there are now over 40 mosques that are starting to be active there and we are going to hear from them. This does not augur well for our efforts to build democracy in Iraq unless we undercut these activities.

      Now the money that the Saudis are spending are transferred to extremist organizations through a network of charities, front organizations. Contrary to Saudi official claims, which unfortunately quite often are uncritically accepted by many, none of them are either private or charitable. They are in fact government-controlled, government-sponsored, government-funded organizations, the main ones being the World Muslim League, the World Assembly of Muslim Youth, the Al Haramain Foundation, and the International Islamic Relief Organizations. There are many, many others. There are a total of over 250 so-called charitable organizations in Saudi Arabia.

      Most of the largest organizations, all four of the ones that I just mentioned, have been implicated in the support of terrorist activities by U.S. authorities. Let me be just mention here one additional factor that indicates that the government of Saudi Arabia knows very well what these organizations are doing is the fact that they passed a law way back in 1993 which prohibited any collection of donations, of zakat donations except under state supervision. So the idea that you very often hear from the Saudis themselves that somehow these are private non-government organization is, in my opinion, bogus.

      There is, again, no indication at least to me that Riyadh is interested in stemming the flow of these monies to extremist organizations. In fact the opposite is still the case. The reason that they really cannot do that is because for them to come clean on the channels and the amount of money is simply to implicate themselves, to implicate a lot of Saudi officials and organizations in support of terrorism. While promising that they will do something about it, the reality of it is very different.

      Let me give you just one quote here from last month, and that is from the official Saudi government channel, television channel. A Wahhabi cleric who gives a prayer on the state channel which deals with the so-called American tyrannical alliance and the situation of Iraq. He says, oh, God, destroy the aggressive tyrannical alliance. Oh, God, drown its soldiers in the seas and destroy them in the deserts. All Wahhabi clerics are employees of the Saudi state, and obviously the television channel also belongs to the Saudi state. So the idea that somehow they do not know what is going on is, again, in my view, a bogus one.

      Let me just finish here by saying that the evidence of the Saudi Wahhabi sponsorship of extremist networks and activities is so overwhelming, in my view, that for us to continue to tolerate it guarantees that we are not going to be able to make meaningful and lasting progress in the war on terrorism for a long time to come.

      Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

      [The prepared statement of Mr. Alexiev appears as a submission for the record.]

      Senator KYL. Thank you, Mr. Alexiev. Stephen Schwartz.

    • Voilà ce que déclare A. Gresh..!!!! :

      Il peut y avoir une discussion autour de la politique des monarchies du Golfe, et l’idée selon laquelle ils financeraient ou aideraient ISIS. Pour moi, ce n’est pas quelque chose de réel, je ne pense pas que cela soit forcément vrai. L’État islamique a très nettement indiqué que ces monarchies étaient aussi des ennemis, on l’a vu récemment avec les attaques en Arabie saoudite contre des postes frontières. Mais il est vrai qu’une partie de la rhétorique religieuse de ces pays peut alimenter ces groupes. Il est vrai aussi qu’il y a eu une mobilisation de ces États, mais aussi de leurs réseaux associatifs et religieux, au début de la révolution syrienne. Le Koweït a joué par exemple un rôle important dans l’aide apportée aux groupes islamistes qui se sont peu à peu radicalisés.

      http://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/analyses/attentats-de-paris-l-analyse-d-alain-gresh-266376078