Is the China-India Border Dispute Shifting East? – The Diplomat
▻https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/is-the-china-india-border-dispute-shifting-east
China and India’s antagonism along the Himalayas is a centuries-old story. Both countries want a fixed boundary line in the Himalayas; yet the physical geography, cultural landscape, and political history of the world’s greatest mountain range has made any straightforward demarcation impossible.
Beginning in the 1840s, an array of British surveyors, generals, and administrators attempted to fix a border between India, Russia, and China’s still-expanding empires. These attempts were challenged by the topographical complexity of the massive Himalayas and the imperial insistence on the elegant “watershed principle” to guide their boundary line. Limited surveying compounded the complex geography and resulted in major segments of the would-be border remaining undefined at the time of independence in 1947.