/2022

  • What the Dugin assassination tells us about Russia
    https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/alexander-dugin-darya-putin-russia-ukraine-assassination

    [Darya Dugina] was a prominent figure in her own right, a journalist working for an outfit Washington says is owned by Russian businessman Evgeny Prigozhin – under sanctions in the West for being the godfather of both the Wagner mercenary group and the infamous social media ‘troll farms’ – who had been a cheerleader for the war in Ukraine. Indeed, she was under sanctions, with the UK government describing her as a ‘frequent and high-profile contributor of disinformation in relation to Ukraine and the Russian invasion of Ukraine’.

    Nonetheless, inevitably there is a widespread assumption that the real target was her father. The car was said to have been his, although other accounts say it was registered in her name. Either way, he would have been in it had he not at the last moment chosen to return home another way. No one has yet claimed responsibility, but in the charged political environment of the moment, everyone is blaming their favourite villain.

    [...] This murder will only add to the #Dugin myth, one he himself has so assiduously developed. There are many in the West happy to take him at face value, as ‘Putin’s Brain’ or ‘Putin’s Rasputin’. He is not, though, and never has been especially influential. He has no personal connection to Putin, but rather is just one of a whole breed of ‘political entrepreneurs’ trying to pitch their plans and doctrines to the #Kremlin .

    • U.S. Believes Ukrainians Were Behind an Assassination in Russia
      https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/05/us/politics/ukraine-russia-dugina-assassination.html

      United States intelligence agencies believe parts of the Ukrainian government authorized the car bomb attack near Moscow in August that killed Daria Dugina, the daughter of a prominent Russian nationalist, an element of a covert campaign that U.S. officials fear could widen the conflict.

      The United States took no part in the attack, either by providing intelligence or other assistance, officials said. American officials also said they were not aware of the operation ahead of time and would have opposed the killing had they been consulted. Afterward, American officials admonished Ukrainian officials over the assassination, they said.

      [...] While Russia has not retaliated in a specific way for the assassination, the United States is concerned that such attacks — while high in symbolic value — have little direct impact on the battlefield and could provoke Moscow to carry out its own strikes against senior Ukrainian officials. American officials have been frustrated with Ukraine’s lack of transparency about its military and covert plans, especially on Russian soil.

      Since the beginning of the war, Ukraine’s security services have demonstrated their ability to reach into Russia to conduct sabotage operations. The killing of Ms. #Dugina, however, would be one of the boldest operations to date — showing Ukraine can get very close to prominent Russians.

  • La perquisition de la maison de Trump va saboter la campagne des Démocrates Moon of Alabama - Le Saker Francophone
    Il n’est pas du tout suspicieux que l’avocat qui a défendu Jeffrey Epstein soit le juge qui a signé le mandat scellé pour autoriser le raid du FBI au domicile de Trump.
    https://lesakerfrancophone.fr/la-perquisition-de-la-maison-de-trump-va-saboter-la-campagne-des-

    Au cours du week-end, les Démocrates ont finalement adopté leur assez médiocre loi budgétisant 430 milliards de dollars pour la réduction de l’inflation, ce qui ne réduira pas https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/08/economist-inflation-reduction-act-wont-curb-inflation-short-term.html l’inflation car elle concerne surtout des mesures liées au climat et aux médicaments. Ils espèrent en tirer profit https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/09/us/politics/democrats-midterms-climate-tax-bill.html lors des élections de mi-mandat de novembre :


    Les sénateurs Démocrates sortants en difficulté, comme Maggie Hassan du New Hampshire et Catherine Cortez Masto du Nevada, prévoient déjà des événements pour promouvoir la loi historique qu’ils ont adopté ce week-end. Les publicitaires Démocrates s’affairent à déverser un flot de spots publicitaires à ce sujet dans les principaux champs de bataille. Et la Maison-Blanche s’apprête à déployer des membres de son cabinet pour une campagne de promotion nationale.
     
    Cette législation de grande envergure, couvrant le changement climatique et les prix des médicaments sur ordonnance, qui a été adoptée par le Sénat après plus d’un an d’hésitations douloureusement publiques, a donné le coup d’envoi d’un sprint frénétique de 91 jours pour vendre le paquet de mesures d’ici novembre – et convaincre un électorat de plus en plus sceptique à l’égard du pouvoir Démocrate.

    Mais le jour même, le ministère de la Justice et le FBI ont donné aux Républicains un énorme https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11093893/Horde-Trump-supporters-descends-Mar-Lago-hours-following-shock-FBI-raid point de ralliement qui augmentera de manière significative leur participation aux élections :

    Des hordes de partisans de Donald Trump en colère ont envahi sa résidence de Mar-a-Lago hier soir, peu après qu’il soit rendu public que le FBI avait fouillé la propriété de l’ex-président dans le cadre d’une enquête visant à déterminer s’il avait transporté des documents confidentiels de la Maison Blanche à sa résidence de Floride.
     
    Trump, qui a rendu publique la perquisition par une longue déclaration, a affirmé que des agents avaient ouvert le coffre-fort situé à son domicile et a décrit leur travail comme un « raid inattendu » qu’il a qualifié de « faute professionnelle« .
     
    Il a accusé le FBI de faire du deux poids deux mesures, affirmant que le bureau avait « permis » à Hillary Clinton de « diluer dans l’acide » 33 000 courriels de l’époque où elle était secrétaire d’État.
     
    Ceux qui sont dans son camp ont déclaré que le raid était une tentative claire de contrecarrer une éventuelle candidature à la présidence, en 2024.
     
    Trump n’a pas officiellement annoncé sa candidature, mais les spéculations sur sa volonté de se représenter vont bon train. Elles ont été accentuées par son apparition au C-Pac ce week-end.

    Le raid est assuré d’être couvert par de nombreux bulletins d’information. Il donnera à Trump un nouvel élan pour annoncer https://nationalinterest.org/feature/will-fbi-search-mar-lago-embolden-or-destroy-trump-204093 sa campagne :

    Alors que Trump envisage de se présenter à la présidence pour la troisième fois, les implications de l’incursion du FBI à Mar-a-Lago pour son avenir politique sont considérables. Cela va-t-il renforcer son statut de martyr, incitant le Parti Républicain à se rallier à lui ? Ou s’agit-il du premier signe réel d’une myriade de difficultés juridiques, allant de la fraude électronique à la falsification des élections en Géorgie, en passant par l’attentat du 6 janvier, qui pourraient le mettre en difficulté ?

    S’agit-il d’une « bombe »  ? Les murs se rapprochent-ils (vidéo) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXLRECOx6o8


    de Trump ? Est-ce le « point de bascule » tant attendu qui marque le « début de la fin » pour Trump ?
    Bien sûr que non.

    Toutes les tentatives de faire tomber Trump avec des fausses accusations, du genre Russiagate ou autres, ont échoué. Quelques documents « classifiés »  , probablement trouvés en possession de la personne qui, en tant que président, avait le pouvoir de les déclassifier, ne changeront rien.

    Cette perquisition et les accusations qui vont avec ne feront que renforcer la détermination https://nationalinterest.org/feature/will-fbi-search-mar-lago-embolden-or-destroy-trump-204093 de Trump et de ses partisans à gagner :

    L’avantage à court terme pour Trump, en tout cas, est clair. Il est une fois de plus au centre de l’attention politique à un moment où le président Joe Biden a remporté tant de victoires, la semaine dernière. Trump, qui est un maître du spectacle, va exploiter la perquisition du FBI pour en tirer toute la publicité qu’il peut en tirer.

    Ce raid est probablement ce que Trump pouvait espérer https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/08/us/politics/trump-fbi-mar-a-lago.html de mieux :
    Trump a clairement indiqué dans sa déclaration qu’il voyait dans cette perquisition une valeur politique potentielle, ce que certains de ses conseillers ont confirmé, en fonction des résultats de l’enquête.
     
    Son équipe politique a commencé à envoyer des sollicitations de collecte de fonds en s’appuyant sur cette perquisition, tard dans la soirée de lundi.

    Même les conservateurs qui n’aiment pas Trump verront dans cette affaire une tentative illégitime de la part des Démocrates d’empêcher une autre candidature de Trump à la présidence. Beaucoup s’y opposeront par principe, indépendamment de la personne visée.

    La Maison Blanche affirme ne pas avoir été informée du raid. Beaucoup de gens en douteront.

    Si l’Attorney General, Merrick B. Garland, n’a pas informé la Maison Blanche, il devrait être licencié pour sabotage politique de la campagne des Démocrates. Lancer une action hautement politique sans en informer le patron est inconcevable pour un ministre de la Justice.

    Si la Maison Blanche a été informée, sa haine pour Trump a dû la pousser à cette très stupide erreur. Autoriser le raid à ce moment-là était la pire chose qui pouvait arriver aux Démocrates.

    Ajout :
    Il y a aussi ce sujet complotiste :
    U.S. Ministry of Truth @USMiniTru – 12:57 UTC – Aug 9, 2022
    Il n’est pas du tout suspicieux que l’avocat qui a défendu Jeffrey Epstein soit le juge qui a signé le mandat scellé pour autoriser le raid du FBI au domicile de Trump.

    => illustration sur l"article original

    Moon of Alabama

    #cia #fbi #donald_trump #donald_trump #etats-unis #trump #international #usa #démocrates #Républicains #états-unis #politique #manipulation #élections #Jeffrey_Epstein #Epstein #politique

  • China’s Expanding Surveillance State : Takeaways From a NYT Investigation - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/21/world/asia/china-surveillance-investigation.html

    Un article doublé d’une extraordinaire vidéo montrant l’étendue de la surveillance en Chine.
    Basé sur les données de China Files, l’agence de presse fondée par Simone Pieranni, c’est un excellent complément à son livre Red Mirror (https://cfeditions.com/red-mirror)

    By Isabelle Qian, Muyi Xiao, Paul Mozur and Alexander Cardia
    Published June 21, 2022Updated July 26, 2022
    查看本文中文版

    China’s ambition to collect a staggering amount of personal data from everyday citizens is more expansive than previously known, a Times investigation has found. Phone-tracking devices are now everywhere. The police are creating some of the largest DNA databases in the world. And the authorities are building upon facial recognition technology to collect voice prints from the general public.

    The Times’s Visual Investigations team and reporters in Asia spent over a year analyzing more than a hundred thousand government bidding documents. They call for companies to bid on the contracts to provide surveillance technology, and include product requirements and budget size, and sometimes describe at length the strategic thinking behind the purchases. Chinese laws stipulate that agencies must keep records of bids and make them public, but in reality the documents are scattered across hard-to-search web pages that are often taken down quickly without notice. ChinaFile, a digital magazine published by the Asia Society, collected the bids and shared them exclusively with The Times.

    This unprecedented access allowed The Times to study China’s surveillance capabilities. The Chinese government’s goal is clear: designing a system to maximize what the state can find out about a person’s identity, activities and social connections, which could ultimately help the government maintain its authoritarian rule.

    Here are the investigation’s major revelations.

    #Red_Mirror #Chine #Surveillance #Simone_Pieranni #Vidéo

  • [C&F] Zeynep Tufekci et les prisonniers politiques en Égypte
    http://0w0pm.mjt.lu/nl3/utMolmSYPAr8qpFWYhyBEw?m=AMAAAMxZtEAAAABF_u4AAAkTGo0AAAAAtBIAAK4dABjAHgBi6

    [C&F] Zeynep Tufekci et les prisonniers politiques en Égypte

    Bonjour,

    Zeynep Tufekci vient de publier dans le New York Times un long article sur l’intellectuel et blogueur égyptien Alaa Abd el-Fattah qui croupit actuellement dans les prisons de la dictature égyptienne de Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, après avoir été emprisonné sous la dictature de Hosni Moubarak et sous la dictature islamiste des Frères musulmans de Mohamed Morsi. Dans son article, elle s’étonne de l’absence de soutien de la part des pays et des médias qui étaient pourtant si avides de le rencontrer pour parler de la « révolution Facebook » et de l’inviter à s’exprimer. Et cela alors même que la dépendance de l’Égypte aux financements occidentaux offre un levier... à la veille de la future COP sur le climat qui devrait se tenir au Caire à l’automne. Et bien entendu que le cas de cet intellectuel humaniste ne saurait cacher le sort des très nombreux prisonniers politiques dans les geôles du Caire, mais au contraire servir d’exemple frappant.

    Je traduis quelques extraits de son article du New York Times à la fin de ce message.

    Zeynep Tufekci était place Tahrir au Caire en 2011 pour observer et accompagner les activistes du grand mouvement populaire qui a réussi à renverser la dictature de Moubarak. Les descriptions précises qu’elle fait dans son livre Twitter & les gaz lacrymogènes sont fascinantes, comme lorsqu’elle raconte comment Twitter a pu servir à construire un hôpital de campagne pour soigner les blessé·es.

    Mais au delà du reportage, Zeynep était sur place comme sociologue, c’est-à-dire pour tirer des leçons généralisables ou comparables de ce qu’elle pouvait observer. Elle continuera ce travail d’observation engagée en 2013 à Istanbul, et à deux reprises à Hong-Kong. De ce travail de terrain elle va tirer des analyses précises et inspirantes qui constituent le cœur de son livre : Quelle est la place réelle des médias sociaux dans les mouvements de protestation ? Quelles sont les forces et les faiblesses des mouvements connectés ?

    Ses analyses sont tellement anticipatrices que Sandrine Samii écrira dans Le Magazine Littéraire : « Publié en 2017 chez Yale University Press, l’essai n’aborde pas l’évolution hong-kongaise, les marches féministes, ou les mouvements français comme Nuit debout et les gilets jaunes. La pertinence de la grille de lecture qu’il développe pour analyser les grands mouvements connectés actuels en est d’autant plus impressionnante. »

    Le New York Times la décrira comme « La sociologue qui a eu raison avant tout le monde ».

    Twitter et les gaz lacrymogènes. Forces et fragilités de la contestation connectée
    Zeynep Tufekci
    Traduit de l’anglais (États-Unis) par Anne Lemoine
    Collection Société numérique, 4
    Version imprimée -,29 € - ISBN 978-2-915825-95-4 - septembre 2019
    Version epub - 12 € - ISBN 978-2-37662-044-0
    Promotion spéciale suite à cette newsletter

    entre le 4 août et le 8 août 2022
    Le livre de Zeynep Tufekci est à 18 € au lieu de 29 €

    La commande peut être passée :
    – sur le site de C&F éditions (https://cfeditions.com/lacrymo)
    – via votre libraire favori (commande avant le 9 au matin)

    Traduction d’extraits de l’article de Zeynep Tufekci dans le New York Times

    J’aimerais tellement pouvoir demander à Alaa Abd el-Fattah ce qu’il pense de la situation du monde

    Zeynep Tufekci
    2 août 2022
    The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/02/opinion/egypt-human-rights-alaa.html

    Début 2011, après les manifestations massives de la Place Tahrir au Caire qui ont mis fin aux trois décennies de la dictature d’Hosni Moubarak, nombre d’activistes qui avaient pris la rue se sont retrouvé fort demandés par les médias. Ils étaient invités dans le « Daily Show » et Hillary Clinton, à l’époque Secrétaire d’État, a visité la place Tahrir en insistant sur le côté extraordinaire d’être « sur le lieu même de la révolution » et d’y rencontrer des activistes.

    Alaa Abd el-Fattah, l’intellectuel et blogueur qui était décrit comme « un synonyme de la révolution égyptienne du 25 janvier » savait déjà que l’attention mondiale s’évanouirait bientôt.

    Il vont très vite nous oublier m’a-t-il dit il y a plus de dix ans.

    Il avait raison, évidemment. Alaa a toujours été réaliste, sans jamais devenir cynique. Il avait 29 ans quand il protestait Place Tahrir, mais il a continué ensuite. Charismatique, drôle et possédant un bon anglais, il a délivré des conférences partout dans le monde, mais il est toujours revenu en Égypte, alors même qu’il risquait la prison pour sa liberté de parole.

    La famille d’Alaa connaît bien les cruautés qui accompagnent la vie sous un régime autoritaire. Sa sœur Mona est née alors que son père, qui allait devenir un juriste spécialiste des droits humains, était prisonnier. Le fils d’Alaa est lui-même né alors que son père était emprisonné. En 2020, son autre sœur Sanaa a été attaquée alors qu’elle attendait pour le visiter en prison et condamnée à un an et demi pour avoir colporté des « fausses nouvelles », une situation qu’Amnesty International décrit comme un procès fabriqué.

    Durant sa brève libération en 2014, Alaa expliquait combien il était heureux de pouvoir changer les couches de son bébé... il fut emprisonné peu de temps après. En 2019 il fut de nouveau libéré, si content de pouvoir passer un peu de temps avec son fils. Mais il fut remis en prison quelques mois plus tard et jugé en 2021, écopant de cinq années de prison pour diffusion de « fausses nouvelles ».

    La manière dont Alaa est traité montre le peu de considération que porte le reste du monde aux acteurs et actrices de la révolution égyptienne. Il est connu internationalement, devenu citoyen britannique en 2021, décrit par Amnesty International comme un prisonnier de conscience injustement emprisonné... tout ça pour rien.

    Ce n’est pas être naïf face à la politique internationale que de voir combien ce comportement est dévastateur. De nombreux pays font des déclarations sur la démocratie et les droits humains, ce qui ne les empêche pas de signer des accords avec des régimes brutaux en raison de leur stratégie d’accès aux ressources essentielles. Mais dans le cas présent, l’Égypte est totalement dépendante de l’aide étrangère et du tourisme pour faire fonctionner son économie... il n’y a donc aucune raison pour qu’elle ne libère pas des prisonniers politiques si les pays démocratiques, qui disposent d’un moyen de pression, le demandent. L’absence de pression sur l’Égypte ne peut en aucun cas être considérée comme de la realpolitique.

    En novembre, l’Égypte va accueillir une conférence internationale sur le changement climatique. Environ 120 chefs d’État et de gouvernement se sont rendus à la dernière conférence en Écosse. Ils pourraient au moins obtenir des progrès avant de venir se montrer et faire comme si de rien n’était.

    En 2011, trois jours après sa naissance de son fils Khaled, Alaa a pu le voir en prison pendant une demi-heure et le tenir dix minutes dans ses bras.

    « En une demi-heure, j’ai changé ,et le monde autour de moi également » écrivit Alaa à propos de cette visite. « Maintenant, je sais pourquoi je suis en prison : il veulent me priver de la joie. Et maintenant, je comprends pourquoi je vais continuer à résister : la prison de détruira jamais mon amour. »

    On a volé toutes ces demi-heures à Alaa. Il est nécessaire que les gens au pouvoir fassent savoir au gouvernement égyptien que le monde n’a pas complètement abandonné celles et ceux qu’il a autrefois tant admiré, ces courageuses jeunes personnes qui se battaient pour un meilleur futur. Le moins que l’on puisse demander pour eux, ce sont de nouvelles demi-heures pour marcher et respirer librement, pour tenir leurs enfants dans les bras et continuer à rêver d’un autre monde.
    Alaa avec Khaled, 2019.

    Bonne lecture,

    Hervé Le Crosnier

    #Zeynep_Tufekci #Alaa_Abd_el-Fattah #Egypte

  • Opinion | I Wish I Could Ask Alaa Abd el-Fattah What He Thinks About the World Now - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/02/opinion/egypt-human-rights-alaa.html

    In early 2011, after huge protests in Cairo’s Tahrir Square ended Hosni Mubarak’s three-decade autocracy, many activists who had taken to the streets found themselves in high demand. They were guests on “The Daily Show.” Hillary Clinton, then the U.S. secretary of state, visited the square, remarking it was “extraordinary” to be “where the revolution happened,” and met with some of the activists.

    Alaa Abd el-Fattah, the Egyptian activist, intellectual and blogger described as “synonymous with Egypt’s 25 Jan. Revolution,” knew the world’s attention would soon move on.

    “They’ll soon forget about us,” he told me more than a decade ago.

    He was right, of course. Alaa was always cleareyed and realistic but somehow never became a cynic. He protested in Tahrir Square in 2011, when he was 29, but afterward, too. Charismatic, fluent in English and funny, he gave well-received talks abroad but always returned to Egypt, even when faced with the prospect of imprisonment for his outspokenness. His writings, some smuggled out of jail, were published this year as a book, “You Have Not Been Defeated.”

    After years of imprisonment under appalling conditions — he reports long periods of being deprived of exercise, sunlight, books and newspapers and any access to the written word — Alaa, a British citizen since 2021, started a hunger strike in April to protest being denied a British consular visit.

    Alaa’s family is well acquainted with the cruelties of life under authoritarianism. Alaa’s sister Mona was born while their father, who later became a human rights lawyer, was in prison. Alaa’s son, Khaled, was born when Alaa was in prison. In 2014, both Alaa and his other sister, Sanaa, then only 20, were in prison and were not allowed to visit their dying father. In 2020, while waiting outside Alaa’s prison, Sanaa was attacked and then charged with disseminating false news and imprisoned for another year and a half — a case Amnesty International condemned as a fabrication.

    Alaa has the dubious honor of having been a political prisoner, or charged, under Hosni Mubarak, the Islamist leader Mohamed Morsi and then Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the general who is now Egypt’s president. During his brief release in 2014, Alaa kept saying how happy he was to finally get to change his son’s diapers; he was imprisoned again just a few months later. In 2019 he was released, again deliriously happy to spend time with his son.

    But he was put in detention without charges just a few months later. In 2021, when he finally got a trial, he received another five-year sentence for spreading “false news.” Alaa said he hadn’t even been told what he was being charged with before being hauled to court.

    But Alaa’s treatment is an indication of how little care there is left in the world. He’s internationally known, a British citizen, described by Amnesty International as a prisoner of conscience who has been unjustly imprisoned. There have been opinion essays and calls from human rights organizations — to no avail.

    One need not be naïve about international politics to understand why this is so devastating. We know that many countries with stated commitments to democracy and human rights routinely cut deals with terrible regimes because of their strategic goals or for access to resources or cooperation.

    But here, though, countries professing to care about human rights are the ones with leverage, as Egypt depends on foreign aid, trade and tourism to keep its economy going, and there’s no reason it can’t release a few political prisoners and improve prison conditions, even if just for appearance’s sake, since it would pose no threat to the regime.

    That Egypt is not pushed harder to do even this little is a moral stain that cannot be justified by realpolitik.

    In November, Egypt will host a global climate change conference. About 120 world leaders, including President Biden, went to the last one, in Scotland. They could, at least, ask for progress before showing up for this one and acting as if all is fine.

    In 2011, three days after he was born, Alaa’s son, Khaled, was allowed to visit him in prison, for half an hour — 10 minutes of which Alaa held him.

    “In half an hour I changed, and the universe changed around me,” Alaa wrote about the visit. “Now I understand why I’m in prison: They want to deprive me of joy. Now I understand why I will resist: Prison will not stop my love.”

    Alaa then wrote of his dreams for a future with his son: “What about half an hour for him to tell me about school?” he wondered. “Half an hour for him and I to talk about his dreams?”

    Alaa Abd el-Fattah has been robbed of all those half-hours.

    Someone with power has to let the Egyptian government know that while loftier goals may be abandoned, the world hasn’t completely forgotten how it once admired those courageous young people who dared to dream of a better future. The least we owe them is more half-hours, to walk and breathe freely, to hold their children and perchance to keep dreaming of a better world.

    #Zeynep_Tufekci #Egypte #Alaa_Abd_el-Fattah

  • After Uvalde, a Kindergarten Teacher Trains to Carry a Gun In School - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/31/us/teachers-guns-schools.html

    A decade ago, it was extremely rare for everyday school employees to carry guns. Today, after a seemingly endless series of mass shootings, the strategy has become a leading solution promoted by Republicans and gun rights advocates, who say that allowing teachers, principals and superintendents to be armed gives schools a fighting chance in case of attack.

    At least 29 states allow individuals other than police or security officials to carry guns on school grounds, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. As of 2018, the last year for which statistics were available, federal survey data estimated that 2.6 percent of public schools had armed faculty.

    The count has likely grown.

    #états-unis #armes #folie_furieuse

  • ‘Friending Bias’ - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/briefing/economic-ladder-rich-poor-americans.html

    Social scientists have made it a priority in recent years to understand upward mobility. They have used tax records and other data to study which factors increase the chances that children who grow up in poverty will be able to escape it as adults.

    Education, spanning pre-K through college, seems to play a big role, the research suggests. Money itself is also important: Longer, deeper bouts of poverty can affect children for decades. Other factors — like avoiding eviction, having access to good medical care and growing up in a household with two parents — may also make upward mobility more likely.

    Now there is another intriguing factor to add to the list, thanks to a study being published this morning in the academic journal Nature: friendships with people who are not poor.

    “Growing up in a community connected across class lines improves kids’ outcome and gives them a better shot at rising out of poverty,” Raj Chetty, an economist at Harvard and one of the study’s four principal authors, told The Times.

    The study tries to quantify the effect in several ways. One of the sharpest, I think, compares two otherwise similar children in lower-income households — one who grows up in a community where social contacts mostly come from the lower half of the socioeconomic distribution, and another who grows up in a community where social contacts mostly come from the upper half.

    #Inegalités #Relations_sociales #Culture_participative

  • The U.S. and Russia Need to Start Talking Before It’s Too Late
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/27/opinion/ukraine-russia-us-diplomacy.html

    If Russia continues to push farther into #Ukraine, Western partners would likely provide yet more and better weapons. If those weapons allow Ukraine to reverse Russia’s gains, Moscow may feel compelled to double down — and if it is really losing, it might well consider direct attacks against NATO. In other words, there’s no mutually acceptable outcome right now. But talks could help identify the compromises needed to find one.

    #samuel_charap

  • F.T.C. Chair Lina Khan Upends Antitrust Standards by Suing Meta - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/28/technology/ftc-lina-khan-meta.html

    WASHINGTON — Early in her tenure as chair of the Federal Trade Commission, Lina Khan declared that she would rein in the power of the largest technology companies in a dramatically new way.

    “We’re trying to be forward looking, anticipating problems and taking fast action,’’ Ms. Khan said in an interview last month. She promised to focus on “next-generation technologies,” and not just on areas where tech behemoths were already well established.

    This week, Ms. Khan took her first step toward stopping the tech monopolies of the future when she sued to block a small acquisition by Meta, the company formerly known as Facebook, of the virtual-reality fitness start-up Within. The deal was significant for Meta’s development of the so-called metaverse, which is a nascent technology and far from mainstream.

    In doing so, Ms. Khan upended decades of antitrust standards, potentially setting off a wholesale shift in the way Washington enforces competition across corporate America. At the heart of the F.T.C.’s lawsuit is the idea that regulators can apply antitrust law without waiting for a market to mature to the point where it is clear which companies hold the most power. The F.T.C. said such early action was justified because Meta’s deal would probably eliminate competition in the young virtual-reality market.

    The F.T.C.’s lawsuit against Meta in the budding virtual-reality market is a “deliberately experimental case that seeks to extend the boundaries of merger enforcement,” said William Kovacic, a former chair of the agency. “Such cases are certainly harder to win.”

    The F.T.C.’s action immediately caused a ruckus within antitrust circles and across the tech industry. Silicon Valley tech executives said that moving to block a deal in an embryonic area of technology might stifle innovation and spook technologists from taking bold leaps in new areas.

    For Ms. Khan, winning the lawsuit may be less of a priority than showing it’s possible to file against a tech deal while it is still early. She has said regulators were too cautious in the past about intervening in mergers for fear of harming innovation, allowing a wave of deals between tech giants and start-ups that eventually cemented their dominance.

    “What we can see is that inaction after inaction after inaction can have severe costs,” she said in an interview with The New York Times and CNBC in January. “And that’s what we’re really trying to reverse.”

    The F.T.C. accused Meta of building a virtual reality “empire,” beginning in 2014 with its purchase of Oculus, the maker of the Quest virtual-reality headset. Since then, Meta has acquired around 10 virtual-reality app makers, such as the maker of a Viking combat game, Asgard’s Wrath, and several first-person shooter and sports games.

    By buying Within and its Supernatural virtual-reality fitness app, the F.T.C. said, Meta wouldn’t create its own app to compete and would scare potential rivals from trying to create alternative apps. That would hobble competition and consumers, the agency said.

    “This acquisition poses a reasonable probability of eliminating both present and future competition,” according to the lawsuit. “And Meta would be one step closer to its ultimate goal of owning the entire ‘Metaverse.’”

    The F.T.C. is reviewing other tech deals, including Microsoft’s $70 billion acquisition of the gaming company Activision and Amazon’s $3.9 billion merger with One Medical, a national chain of primary care clinics. In addition, the agency has been investigating Amazon on claims of monopoly abuses in its marketplace of third-party sellers.

    Ms. Khan appears to be prepared for long legal battles with the tech giants even if the cases do not end up going the F.T.C.’s way.

    In her earlier interview with The Times and CNBC, she said, “Even if it’s not a slam-dunk case, even if there is a risk you might lose, there can be enormous benefits from taking that risk.”

    #Lina_Khan #Federal_Trade_Commission #Etats-Unis #Concurrence #Economie_numérique

  • Opinion | The Final Frontier Soon May No Longer Belong to All of Us - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/28/opinion/russia-us-outer-space.html

    The Russian government has said that it will‌ withdraw from the International Space Station‌ “after 2024.” Instead of choosing multilateral cooperation, it plans to build its own station and send cosmonauts there to continue space research and exploration.

    Russia’s announcement sounds ominous — particularly given its invasion of Ukraine — but ‌this move, part of a broader trend away from multilateralism in international space law, is but one recent signal of the fraying of international space cooperation. Another was the Artemis Accords, a legal framework designed to potentially regulate future commercial activities in outer space, which was created under the Trump‌ administration and upheld by the Biden ‌‌administration. Such actions threaten multilateralism beyond Earth and portend a future where space may no longer belong, equally, to all people.

    A number of U.N. treaties‌‌ regulate outer space, and ‌strong legal norms ‌bolster those global rules. The foundational agreement is the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which lays out ‌‌the principles that govern outer space, the moon and other celestial bodies. Signed in the middle of the Cold War, the treaty was a symbol of the triumph of science over politics: States could cooperate in space, even as the prospect of mutual destruction loomed on Earth.

    The symbolic value of the treaty is obvious: Nationality recedes into the background when astronauts are floating in space. But beyond that, it has created standards and practices to prevent environmental contamination of the moon and other celestial bodies. It promotes data sharing, including about the many objects, like satellites and spacecraft, launched into space, which helps to avoid collisions. And its codified norms of the common heritage of mankind, peaceful use and scientific cooperation help preserve multilateralism in the face of states’ derogations.

    But the looming prospect of the commercialization of space has begun to test the limits of international space law. In 2020, NASA, alone, created the Artemis Accords, which challenge the foundational multilateral principles of ‌prior space agreements. These are rules primarily drafted by the United States that other countries are now adopting. This is not collaborative multilateral rule making but rather the export of U.S. laws abroad to a coalition of the willing.

    The accords take the legal form of a series of bilateral treaties with 21 foreign nations, including Australia, Canada, Japan, the U.A.E. and Britain. This is not simply a relic of the antiglobalist rhetoric and policies of the Trump administration. Just two weeks ago, ‌ Saudi Arabia‌ signed the Artemis Accords, during President Biden’s visit.

    Moreover, the accords open up the possibility of mining the moon or other celestial bodies for resources. They create “safety zones” where states may extract resources, though the document states that these activities must be undertaken in accordance with the ‌Outer Space Treaty. Legal experts point out that these provisions could violate the principle of nonappropriation, which prohibits countries from declaring parts of space as their sovereign territory. Others suggest that it is important to get in front of the changing technological landscap‌e, arguing that when mining the moon becomes possible, there should already be rules in place to regulate such activities‌. Failure to do so could result in a ‌‌crisis similar to that around seabed mining‌‌, which is poised to begin even though U.N. rules have yet to be finalized.

    In the end, Russia’s withdrawal from the International Space Station‌ is but one piece of a larger set of fluid issues in space governance. ‌Russia and the United States — powerful, spacefaring states — have taken steps that challenge existing rules and norms. Russia alone cannot dismantle the collective efforts to maintain space as a peaceful zone of scientific research and exploration, but the current system is in trouble and is likely to be replaced with U.S.-made regulations that allow for the future commercialization of space. That future is the real threat to multilateralism and to humanity’s rights to the final frontier.

    #Espace #Communs

  • Opinion | Zeynep Tufekci: I Was Wrong About the Power of Protest - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/21/opinion/zeynep-tufekci-protests.html

    As I studied many of these movements, I noticed more common patterns. The quickly sprung large movements often floundered for direction once the inevitable pushback came. They didn’t have the tools to navigate the treacherous next phase of politics, because they hadn’t needed to build them to get there.

    In the past, a truly big march was the culmination of long-term organizing, an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence, indicating prior planning and strength. Large numbers of people had gotten together and worked for a long time, coordinating, preparing — and getting to know one another and making decisions. So they didn’t just manage to hold a protest; lacking easier ways to organize, they ended up having to build organizational capacity, which then helped navigate what came after.

    But since the early 2000s, a big protest has started to feel more like a sentence that begins with a question mark. Newspapers still remark on their size — and many of them are very large — but I’m less impressed now by mere size: The global Occupy demonstrations, the Arab Spring protests and the Women’s March in 2017 all could lay claim to being larger than any previous protest. Maybe they would go on to build more sustained power, but maybe not.

    So I concluded that although today’s big protests look the same as those in the past, the different mechanisms that produce them — in particular, the internet and lately, especially, social media — help determine whether governments or other authorities will see them as a genuine threat or just something that can be dismissed like a focus group.

    This doesn’t mean I’ve come to think that protests are pointless or that big marches don’t mean anything. They do. I still think demonstrations, marches and other forms of mass mobilization matter; they build solidarity, change lives and highlight dissent. It’s just that they have different trajectories and dynamics now.

    Being an academic, I wrote a book about all this, but there was a personal lesson for me as well.

    My optimism about the power of our protest had been colored by my inability to recognize that the rules of the game had changed with the changing environment. I really, really wanted our demonstrations — against the invasion of Iraq, against deepening inequality, against the authoritarians in the Middle East, in support of human rights and environmentalism — to achieve more of their goals. I was among people who had the same strong desire for these protests to work and believed they would if they were big enough.

    In 2003, during those protests against the impending invasion of Iraq, the other protesters and I were alarmed by the groupthink we observed among politicians and the media about why and how the war was necessary. The evidence they proffered seemed so obviously flimsy, their scenarios for how this would play out so divorced from a realistic understanding of the situation.

    But we had our own version of wishful thinking coloring our judgment, too. Obviously, ours wasn’t on a similar level of culpability — failing to stop a catastrophe despite trying hard, compared with starting one based on faulty, flimsy evidence — but it offered a lesson. Being on the right side of history doesn’t insulate one from weak analyses or the temptation to conflate what we collectively hoped to be true with an examination of how things really were.

    #Zeynep_Tufekci #Manifestations #Médias_sociaux

  • Des lois anti-avortements empêchent de soigner les fausses couches aux États-Unis Violette Cantin - Le Devoir
    https://www.ledevoir.com/monde/etats-unis/736167/des-lois-anti-avortements-empechent-de-soigner-les-fausses-couches

    Les ravages d’un fléau prévisible, mais terrible, commencent à peine à se faire sentir aux États-Unis, alors que des médecins se montrent réticents à soigner adéquatement des femmes qui font une fausse couche, de peur de se faire accuser d’avoir pratiqué un avortement.

    Le New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/17/health/abortion-miscarriage-treatment.html rapportait dimanche l’histoire d’une femme s’étant fait refuser des soins d’urgence après une fausse couche au Texas. L’hôpital lui a demandé de revenir uniquement si « elle saignait tellement qu’elle remplirait plus d’une couche en une heure ». Le cas de cette femme est loin d’être isolé, au vu des lois punitives visant les médecins qui pratiquent des avortements.


    Ted Jackson Associated Press Le flou juridique entourant les procédures médicales liées aux fausses couches met des femmes en danger.

    Au Texas, la loi prévoit un « dédommagement » pouvant atteindre jusqu’à 10 000 $ aux personnes entamant une procédure judiciaire contre quelqu’un qui aurait pratiqué un avortement. Au Missouri, quiconque pratique une interruption de grossesse s’expose à de la prison pour une durée qui varie entre 5 et 15 ans. Et en mai dernier, en Louisiane, un comité de la Chambre des représentants a approuvé un projet de loi qui aurait permis de considérer l’avortement comme un homicide et de poursuivre les femmes y ayant recours en conséquence. Le projet de loi a finalement été abandonné après qu’une majorité de la Chambre s’y est opposée.

    Mais si les femmes ne sont pas encore considérées comme des criminelles pour avoir recours à un avortement, les médecins qui les pratiquent le sont dans plusieurs États et craignent la prison. Plusieurs hésitent désormais à fournir des soins médicaux adéquats à des femmes qui font une fausse couche.

    « Il n’y a pas de différence entre les soins médicaux pour une fausse couche et ceux pour un avortement », confirme la Dre Geneviève Bois, qui est professeure adjointe de clinique en médecine à l’Université de Montréal et qui pratique des avortements. « Par exemple, si la grossesse cesse de se développer, mais que la fausse couche n’arrive pas, ça se traite exactement comme un avortement par médicaments, précise-t-elle. Ou alors, on peut y aller par aspiration, comme un avortement médical. »

    Détresse psychologique et mortalité  
    La Dre Monica Saxena, urgentologue qui pratique en Californie, constate de près les effets désastreux des nouvelles restrictions des lois antiavortement. « Même si la grossesse n’est pas viable, certains États avec des lois restrictives concernant l’avortement interdisent une intervention chirurgicale à moins que l’activité cardiaque du foetus soit indétectable », explique-t-elle. Jointe par le Devoir, elle précise que les délais qui découlent de cette interdiction peuvent entraîner « des hémorragies, des infections ou des sepsis qui peuvent causer la mort » de la personne enceinte.

    Bien qu’elle n’ait pas à négocier avec cette ingérence politique dans le domaine médical, la Dre Saxena précise que l’Université de Californie à Los Angeles estime qu’entre 8000 et 16 000 femmes vont se rendre chaque année dans l’État pour obtenir un avortement https://law.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/PDFs/Center_on_Reproductive_Health/California_Abortion_Estimates.pdf . Cela augmentera donc le nombre de patientes à traiter sur son territoire.

    « Les lois antiavortement n’ont pas été créées en utilisant des preuves médicales et elles s’immiscent dans la relation médecin-patient. La conséquence est qu’elles augmentent la morbidité et la mortalité des personnes enceintes », condamne-t-elle.

    La Dre Bois rappelle pour sa part les effets psychologiques que peut avoir l’absence de soins obstétricaux appropriés. « Ça crée beaucoup de détresse psychologique. Les personnes avec un utérus sont placées dans un état de constante incertitude », relève-t-elle.

    L’existence de ce flou juridique aux États-Unis allonge les délais pour des personnes qui pourraient avoir besoin de soins d’urgence tout en créant un climat de suspicion et de retenue parmi les professionnels de la santé.

    « Finalement, être enceinte, c’est 10 à 100 fois plus dangereux que d’obtenir un avortement, rappelle la Dre Bois. En étant enceinte, on est toujours en danger. »

    #Femmes #religion #avortement #ivg #santé #viol #droits_des_femmes #usa #texas #pologne #catholicisme #fausses_couches

  • Apple Ends Consulting Agreement With Jony Ive, Its Former Design Leader - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/12/technology/apple-jony-ive-end-agreement.html

    La fin d’une belle histoire.
    Ives aura montré l’importance du design (comme Jobs avant lui) pour les outils numériques.

    By Tripp Mickle
    July 12, 2022

    SAN FRANCISCO — When Jony Ive, Apple’s influential design leader, exited the company in 2019, Tim Cook, its chief executive, reassured customers that Mr. Ive, the man who gave the world candy-colored computers, would work exclusively with the company for many years.

    Not anymore.

    Mr. Ive and Apple have agreed to stop working together, according to two people with knowledge of their contractual agreement, ending a three-decade run during which the designer helped define every rounded corner of an iPhone and guided development of its only new product category in recent years, the Apple Watch.

    When Mr. Ive left Apple in 2019 to start his own design firm, LoveFrom, the iPhone maker signed a multiyear contract with him valued at more than $100 million. That made Apple his firm’s primary client, people with knowledge of the agreement said.

    The deal restricted Mr. Ive from taking on work that Apple found competitive and ensured that the designer would inform the development of future products, such as an augmented-reality headset that it is expected to ship next year, the people said.

    In recent weeks, with the contract coming up for renewal, the parties agreed not to extend it. Some Apple executives had questioned how much the company was paying Mr. Ive and had grown frustrated after several of its designers left to join Mr. Ive’s firm. And Mr. Ive wanted the freedom to take on clients without needing Apple’s clearance, these people said.

    Through a spokeswoman, Mr. Ive, 55, declined to comment. Apple also declined to comment.

    Before leaving Apple in June 2019, Mr. Ive had grown disillusioned as Mr. Cook made the increasingly enormous company focused more on operations than on big design leaps, according to more than a dozen people who worked closely with Mr. Ive. The designer shifted to a part-time role as Mr. Cook focused on selling more software and services.

    In July 2019, Mr. Cook called news coverage of Mr. Ive’s frustrations at Apple “absurd” and said it “distorts relationships, decisions and events.”

    Mr. Cook’s strategy has been validated by investors who have added $1.5 trillion to Apple’s market valuation in just over two years, even as some analysts have chided it for the lull in its introduction of revolutionary devices.
    Editors’ Picks
    Math Defeated Him in School. In His 60s, He Went Back for More.
    What Can You Do When Cheaters Take Advantage of Charity?
    The New New Haven

    Jeff Williams, Apple’s chief operating officer, will continue to oversee the company’s design teams, with industrial design being led by Evans Hankey and software design being led by Alan Dye. Apple’s product marketing team, led by Greg Joswiak, the senior vice president of marketing, has assumed a central role in product choices.

    Mr. Ive’s firm, LoveFrom, will continue to work with clients including Airbnb and Ferrari, and Mr. Ive will continue his personal work with Sustainable Markets Initiative, the nonprofit run by Prince Charles that focuses on climate change.

    Born and raised outside London, Mr. Ive joined Apple in 1992 and rose to lead its design team. The company was on the brink of bankruptcy in 1997 when Steve Jobs tasked Mr. Ive’s team with designing the iMac. The bulbous, translucent computer became, at the time, the fastest-selling desktop in history. It restored Apple’s business and turned Mr. Ive into Mr. Jobs’s closest collaborator.

    “He’s not just a designer,” Mr. Jobs told his biographer, Walter Isaacson. “He has more operational power than anyone at Apple, except me.”

    Mr. Ive also developed the iPod’s white earbuds, which inspired Apple’s dancing silhouette advertising campaign, and he supported the creation of the iPhone’s touch-screen technology.

    After Mr. Jobs’s death from cancer in 2011, Mr. Ive spearheaded the development of the Apple Watch. The product failed to fulfill initial sales expectations, but it created a wearables business that last year generated $38 billion in revenue.

    In 2015, Mr. Ive approached Mr. Cook about leaving Apple, according to four people familiar with the conversation. The designer was exhausted from building the consensus required to produce the Apple Watch, these people said. Mr. Cook agreed to let Mr. Ive work part time.

    Four years later, Mr. Ive and Mr. Cook announced the designer would leave Apple to create LoveFrom. In a statement at the time, Mr. Cook said, “I’m happy that our relationship continues to evolve, and I look forward to working with Jony long into the future.”

    #Design #Appel #Jon_Ives

  • The Pandemic’s Next Phase - The New York Times - Interview with Zeynep Tufekci
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/13/briefing/the-pandemics-next-phase.html

    The pandemic outlook

    The U.S. is in a peculiar moment in the pandemic.

    The nation is still averaging over 100,000 cases a day as the latest virus wave appears to be making its way westward. Yet many Americans seem to be meeting this latest wave with a shrug. Could this be the new normal?

    To help us reflect on where we are and where we’re going, I connected with Zeynep Tufekci, a sociologist who has written extensively on Covid for The Times’s Opinion section.

    As a society, where are we in the pandemic?

    I think the official messaging and our policy remain muddled and confusing, and that’s causing a lot of polarization. There are many questions that remain unanswered and a lack of clarity about the future steps. For example, it’s June 2022 and we still don’t have clarity on updating our vaccines for fall or for vaccines for the youngest. We don’t have the kind of research, clarity and steps needed to address long Covid, either.

    In response, some people are very anxious, some people are wondering how much to worry and some people have basically tuned out. And I’m not sure I could blame any group because at this moment, navigating the pandemic is kind of like a build-your-own-adventure game.

    What do you think the next phase of the pandemic will look like?

    There are many possible paths. The worst-case scenario would be that we get a variant that causes significant amounts of severe disease even among the vaccinated or those with prior infections. If this happens, and we haven’t prepared to quickly update our vaccines and administer them widely and globally, it could be a pretty grim scenario.

    It’s also possible that we just kind of sputter along: There isn’t a new variant that represents a huge jump, at least in terms of causing acute illness. But in combination with waning vaccine effectiveness, especially among the elderly whose immune systems are weaker, it settles into something like the disease burden of influenza. That’s also terrible. Influenza itself causes an incredible amount of suffering every year, and it would further strain our already strained health care system.

    The ideal scenario for vaccines is we update the vaccines, we vaccinate children and we vaccinate globally. But we shouldn’t stop there. We could also do many other things that would benefit everyone. For example, immunocompromised people are especially susceptible to generating variants because they can have very long-term infections. There are now therapeutics that should be used globally and equitably. And a large number of people with H.I.V. remain undertreated around the world, and thus immunocompromised. Extending treatment to them is both morally right and beneficial.

    What else is the government not doing that it should?

    There’s now a much better understanding of airborne transmission of respiratory diseases. If we got our act together, we could do for indoor air sanitation something similar to what we did to water after discovering waterborne diseases, in terms of regulating it to make it safer with better air cleaning filters, ventilation and other methods. We would see benefits against all the other respiratory viruses that are airborne too. It would be costly at first, but we would recoup that cost because illness is very costly — in terms of the human suffering but also financially.
    Editors’ Picks
    In N.Y.C. Apartments, the Ants Go Marching Up
    A Conductor’s Career, Cut Short, Still Blazes on Recordings
    Is the Future of American Opera Unfolding in Detroit?

    How do you feel about the moment we are in?

    We’re not in a good place, even though we could be. I am very despondent about the dysfunctional global and national response, and lack of clear next steps. We are not able to do things that are within the reach of countries like ours with the amount of science and wealth we have, let alone globally.

    When you have a virus or some problem and you don’t have an effective response, that is tragic. But it’s a different kind of tragic when we have so many things we could be doing but we just can’t get our act together. It feels like we’re living a bad chapter in a history book that ends with “aaand that’s why they screwed it up even though they didn’t have to.”

    #Zeynep_Tufekci #Covid

  • Colombia’s Truth Commission Is Highly Critical of U.S. Policy
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/world/americas/a-truth-commission-publishes-the-most-comprehensive-account-yet-of-colombia

    Declassified documents used to compile the report, which were obtained by The New York Times, show that Washington believed for years that the Colombian military was engaged in extrajudicial killings and was working with right-wing paramilitaries, and yet continued to deepen its relationship with the armed forces.

    The report, which was four years in the making and involved more than 14,000 individual and collective interviews, was a product of the 2016 peace deal between the Colombian government and its largest rebel force, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of #Colombia, or #FARC. It is meant to aid in healing after the war, and included a new estimate of the dead: 450,000 people, nearly twice the number previously believed.

  • Des enregistrements d’Eichmann de 1957 mettent au jour son rôle moteur dans la solution finale, son objectif génocidaire assumé & son antisémitisme viscéral.
    De ses propres mots, il fut donc plus qu’1 simple rouage du système. Un mal pas si banal que ça.

    Nazi Tapes Provide a Chilling Sequel to the Eichmann Trial - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/04/world/middleeast/adolf-eichmann-documentary-israel.html

    Six decades after the historic trial in Jerusalem of Adolf Eichmann, one of the chief engineers of the Holocaust, a new Israeli documentary series has delivered a dramatic coda: the boastful confessions of the Nazi war criminal, in his own voice.

    The hours of old tape recordings, which had been denied to Israeli prosecutors at the time of Eichmann’s trial, provided the basis for the series, called “The Devil’s Confession: The Lost Eichmann Tapes,” which has generated keen interest in Israel as it aired over the past month.

    The tapes fell into various private hands after being made in 1957 by a Dutch Nazi sympathizer, before eventually ending up in a German government archive, which in 2020 gave the Israeli co-creators of the series — Kobi Sitt, the producer; and Yariv Mozer, the director — permission to use the recordings.
    Eichmann went to the gallows insisting that he was a mere functionary following orders, denying responsibility for the crimes of which he had been found guilty. Describing himself as a small cog in the state apparatus who was in charge of train schedules, his professed mediocrity gave rise to the philosopher Hannah Arendt’s theory of the banality of evil.The documentary series

    Exposing Eichmann’s visceral, ideological antisemitism, his zeal for hunting down Jews and his role in the mechanics of mass murder, the series brings the missing evidence from the trial to a mass audience for the first time.

    Eichmann can be heard swatting a fly that was buzzing around the room and describing it as having “a Jewish nature.”

    • Ça fait un moment déjà que l’on sait que la thèse d’Arendt ne tenait pas la route
      L’acharnement apologétique : Arendt au secours de Heidegger - Note critique sur Emmanuel Faye (2016). Arendt et Heidegger. Extermination nazie et déstruction de la pensée. Paris, Albin Michel
      https://journals.openedition.org/bssg/151

      Quoi qu’il en soit, Arendt achèvera la réhabilitation de Heidegger en utilisant le Eichmann largement fictif qu’elle met en scène dans le livre qu’elle a consacré à son procès, Eichmann à Jérusalem publié en 1963 (Faye 2016 : 450-457). Il est aujourd’hui reconnu qu’Eichmann n’était pas un fonctionnaire terne uniquement occupé de faire circuler avec efficacité les trains remplis de déportés. C’était un nazi authentique, habité par la volonté farouche d’exterminer les Juifs d’Europe. Contrairement à la formule célèbre d’Arendt reprise mécaniquement affirmant la « banalité du mal », le mal inimaginable dont Eichmann est responsable n’est pas le produit d’une activité standardisée et irréfléchie. Mais décrire le nazi type au moyen d’un Eichmann presque idiot, satisfait d’obéir aux ordres sans considérer d’autres conséquences que son avancement dans la hiérarchie, ne peut que confirmer l’innocence des penseurs. Si le véritable nazi est incapable de penser, alors on peut croire que « le roi secret de la pensée », Heidegger, ne peut pas vraiment être nazi.

      #Hannah_Arendt #Eichmann #Heidegger #nazisme #antisémitisme

  • Shanghai Wrestles With Mental Health Impact of Lockdown - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/asia/shanghai-lockdown-china.html

    ‘Very Fragile’: Shanghai Wrestles With Psychological Scars of Lockdown
    The lockdown fueled anxiety, fear and depression among the city’s residents. Experts have warned that the mental health impact of the confinement will be long-lasting.
    BEIJING — June, for Shanghai, was supposed to be a time of triumph. After two months of strict lockdown, the authorities had declared the city’s recent coronavirus outbreak under control. Businesses and restaurants were finally reopening. State media trumpeted a return to normalcy, and on the first night of release, people milled in the streets, shouting, “Freedom!”

    Julie Geng, a 25-year-old investment analyst in the city, could not bring herself to join. “I don’t think there’s anything worth celebrating,” she said. She had spent part of April confined in a centralized quarantine facility after testing positive and the feeling of powerlessness was still fresh.

    “I feel there is no basic guarantee in life, and so much could change overnight,” she said. “It makes me feel very fragile.”

    The lockdown had plunged Shanghai into chaos and suffering. Sealed in their homes, residents were unable to buy food, denied medical care or separated from their children. Social media overflowed with their fury and desperation. Now the worst is ostensibly over. But in this city of 25 million, many are just beginning to take stock of what they endured, what they lost and what they expect from the future.
    Some residents are confronting the precarity of rights they once took for granted: to buy food and to expect privacy in their own homes. Some are grieving relationships that fractured under the stresses of lockdown. Many people remain anxious about the weeks they went without pay or whether their businesses will survive.
    Hanging over it all is a broader inability to put the ordeal fully behind them, as China still holds to its goal of eliminating the virus. The authorities announced recently that every district in the city would briefly lock down each weekend until the end of July for mass testing.“We are seeing a lot of symptoms of post-traumatic stress, though many people may not recognize them,” said Chen Jiejun, a Shanghai psychologist. Some people felt chest pain, or could not focus at work, she said.“How do you go from this trust that has been broken, and rebuild it in a way that will allow you to feel stable and safe again?”Health officials worldwide have warned of the pandemic’s toll on mental well-being. Anxiety and depression increased 25 percent globally in the first year of the outbreak, according to the World Health Organization.
    But China’s epidemic controls are singularly restrictive, with locked down residents sometimes physically sealed in their homes, unable to receive emergency medical care. Prescriptions, including for mental health conditions, went unfilled. People infected with the virus were sent to hastily constructed makeshift hospitals, some of which lacked showers or were brightly lit at all hours.The apparent arbitrariness of admission or discharge policies fed feelings of helplessness; some people were sent to the facilities in the middle of the night, or unable to leave despite testing negative. Others said that officials entered their homes with disinfectant while they were away and damaged their property.Ms. Geng, the investment analyst, was ordered to a makeshift hospital after testing positive. She refused, citing her diagnosis of a mood disorder, she said; eventually, officials sent her to a quarantine hotel instead. Still, she was shaken by her lack of control.
    During the lockdown, calls to mental health hotlines in Shanghai surged. Queries from the city for psychological counseling, on the search engine Baidu, more than tripled from a year ago. One survey of city residents found 40 percent at risk of depression. When restrictions in some neighborhoods loosened slightly in late April, more than 1,000 people lined up outside the Shanghai Mental Health Center one morning.At a government news conference in May, Chen Jun, the chief physician at the Shanghai Mental Health Center, said anxiety, fear and depression were inevitable under an extended lockdown. For most people the feelings would be temporary, he said.But other experts have warned that the effects will be long-lasting. An editorial this month in the medical journal The Lancet said the “shadow of mental ill-health” would linger over China’s culture and economy “for years to come.” It continued: “The Chinese government must act immediately if it is to heal the wound its extreme policies have inflicted.”

    The long-term fallout of the containment policies was already becoming clear in the inquiries that Xu Xinyue, a psychologist, received in recent weeks.

    When the pandemic began two years ago, said Ms. Xu, who volunteers for a national counseling hotline, many callers were scared of the virus itself. But recent callers from Shanghai had been more concerned with the secondary effects of China’s controls — parents anxious about the consequences of prolonged online schooling, or young professionals worried about paying their mortgages, after the lockdown pummeled Shanghai’s job market.
    Others were questioning why they had worked so hard in the first place, having seen how money could not ensure their comfort or safety during lockdown. They were now saving less and spending more on food and other tangible objects that could bring a sense of security, Ms. Xu said.
    “Money has lost its original value,” she said. “This has upended the way they always thought, leaving them a bit lost.”The lockdown also transformed interpersonal relationships. Under Shanghai’s policies, just one confirmed case could lead to tighter controls on an entire building or neighborhood. Some residents who fell ill said they were shamed in their housing complexes’ group chats.Before the lockdown, Sandy Bai, a 48-year-old resident, considered her next-door neighbor a friend. They swapped eggs when the other was short and asked after each other’s parents. But one day after the city shut down, Ms. Bai returned from walking her dog — technically not allowed, but she had slipped out because her dog was sick — to find that her neighbor had reported her to the police, she said.
    Interactions between strangers also seem to point to a frayed social fabric. After officials at one testing site told residents they could not be tested — and therefore could not move freely about the city — a resident smashed a table and injured a worker.Li Houchen, a blogger and podcaster, compared Shanghai residents to easily startled birds, on edge because they had exhausted their ability to cope with stress.“There is also a tense feeling on the newly reopened streets and in people’s behavior, that at any moment you could be watched, interfered with, interrupted or driven away,” he wrote in an essay widely shared on WeChat.There are few avenues for release of that tension. In addition to limited resources for mental health — national medical insurance does not cover counseling — censors have erased many critical social media posts from the lockdown. State media has glossed over residents’ residual anger and fear, encouraging “positive energy” and holding Shanghai up as yet another example of the success of the zero Covid strategy.Anna Qin, an education consultant in her 20s, has started going to the office and the gym again. She walks and bicycles around the city, delighting in feeling her feet on the pavement.But the fact that such mundane things now feel so special is just a reminder of how much the city was forced to sacrifice“We’re glad it’s opening up again, but also there’s no acknowledgment of what we went through,” she said.“Now it’s closed, now it’s open, and we have no control. And now we’re supposed to be happy.”

    #covid-19#migrant#migration#chine#shangai#zerocovid#strategiesanitaire#etranger#resident#confinement#depistage#sante#santementale

  • La Red de Comandos Coordina el Flujo de Armas en Ucrania, dicen los Funcionarios
    https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/25/us/politics/commandos-russia-ukraine.html
    Una operación secreta que involucra a las fuerzas de Operaciones Especiales de Estados Unidos insinúa la escala del esfuerzo para ayudar a las fuerzas armadas de Ucrania, que aún no cuentan con las armas suficientes