• Bon plan : le Collège de France met en ligne gratuitement plus de 10 000 cours prestigieux

    Vous voulez vous la péter en soirée ? Voici un grand nombre de sujets pointus sur lesquels vous pourrez disserter.

    Alors que la #France est reconfinée à cause d’une nouvelle vague de contamination, le #CollègeDeFrance semble très soucieux de continuer à faire vivre la #culture et éveiller les consciences lors de cette période troublée. L’institution vouée à « enseigner le savoir en train de se faire dans les domaines des lettres, des sciences ou des arts » est un établissement public d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche, créé au XVIe siècle.

    Dans le cadre de sa politique de libre accès au savoir, le Collège de France met à disposition plus de 10 000 contenus gratuits. Vidéos, podcasts, conférences, séminaires... la maison du savoir français ouvre le champs des possibles pour nous abreuver de connaissances en français, en anglais et en russe.

    Pour les passionnés de littérature, le Collège de France a également répertorié plus de 200 livres à lire en ligne, comme Lettres noires : des ténèbres à la lumière d’Alain Mabanckou ou l’intrigant Catherine Deneuve, femme maison, dans lequel Jérémie Kessler explore l’évolution de la carrière et de l’image de Catherine Deneuve par le prisme de la maison dans sa filmographie.

    Des cours sur les Australopithèques à l’état des lieux de la migration européenne, en passant par l’étude des anneaux jacobiens (avis aux passionnés de maths), c’est un très vaste programme que propose le Collège de France – à tel point qu’il est facile de se perdre dans la masse d’informations présentes sur leur site Internet. Vous pourrez tout de même sélectionner les différentes thématiques et rubriques, si vous ne souhaitez pas vagabonder des heures à la recherche d’un contenu qui retiendra votre attention.

    Ce sera l’occasion de répondre à plusieurs questions existentielles telles que « Le cinéma est-il plus autoritaire que la littérature ? » ou « L’Homme peut-il penser une fin absolue ? ». Une autre manière de se pencher sur le monde et de philosopher, coincés entre nos quatre murs.

    https://www.konbini.com/fr/cinema/bon-plan-le-college-de-france-met-en-ligne-gratuitement-plus-de-10-000-cour

    Bon plan : le Collège de France met en ligne gratuitement plus de 10 000 cour

    Le LIEN DU SAVOIR !!!! : ---->

    https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/savoirs

    #opensource #accesLibre

  • Women at the Forefront of COVID-19 Containment in Cox’s Bazar | The Storyteller
    https://storyteller.iom.int/stories/women-forefront-covid-19-containment-coxs-bazar

    Cox’s Bazar – The unprecedented spread of COVID-19 has not spared the world’s displaced communities. In Cox’s Bazar refugee camps, the largest refugee settlement in the world, women leaders are on the frontline responding to the deadly outbreak’s impact on their communities. In camp settings, misinformation about the disease can spread quickly and hinder women and girls from seeking essential health services. The Women’s Committee – which comprises more than 100 female Rohingya refugee and host community members – is on a mission to change this. As the health crisis persists, they are playing an imperative role in curbing the spread of the disease in their community through educating others about how to stay safe.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#rohingya#camp#coxsbazar#sante#refugie#accessante#sensibilisation

  • Protecting citizens from COVID while granting refugee access, can be done: UNHCR | | UN News
    https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/11/1076892

    Opening a virtual session of UNHCR’s annual Dialogue on Protection challenges, Assistant High Commissioner for Protection, Gillian Triggs, warned that “measures restricting access to asylum must not be allowed to become entrenched under the guise of public health”, Instead, she urged States to maintain access for asylum seekers and to safeguard the rights of refugees, together with displaced and Stateless people. Ms. Triggs also spoke of the deep and hard-hitting impact on refugees of the coronavirus, including restrictions impeding access to asylum, spiraling gender-based violence, risks of unsafe returns, and the loss of livelihoods.Participants – consisting of displaced people, non-governmental organizations and Government speakers from Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe – discussed how compassion and initiative could help ensure that asylum claims were considered during the pandemic, and protection services adapted to reach people in need during lockdowns.They also pointed to how the pandemic presented greater challenges for the protection of refugees, internally displaced and Stateless people, maintaining the need for solidarity and greater support. “The pandemic has threatened the social and economic rights of the most vulnerable in society – among them refugees and those forcibly displaced who, all too often, depend on the informal economy”, said the UN official. “They are among the first to suffer the economic impacts of a lockdown”.
    Moreover, UNHCR operations also report increasing incidents of discrimination, stigmatization and xenophobia against refugees and displaced people, “exacerbating tensions with local communities”, he added.
    UNHCR has been advocating for the urgent inclusion of refugees, displaced and Stateless people in the full range of responses to the pandemic, from public health to national social safety nets. “The virus does not distinguish between legal status or nationality”, Ms. Triggs reminded. “Access to health services should not depend on citizenship or restrictive visa conditions”.
    She upheld that “a realistic and practical opportunity for protection” lies in social inclusion and in non-discriminatory access to education, health and employment. To illustrate the difficulties that refugees and internally displaced people face in the context of the pandemic, UNHCR also launched an interactive report called Space, shelter and scarce resources – coping with COVID-19, which highlights how acutely vulnerable displaced populations must contend with the pandemic

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#sante#vulneralibite#systemesante#accessanté#stigmatisation#discrimination#refugie#personnedeplacee#unhcr

  • #Santé des migrants

    Selon les données de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), 8 % des personnes vivant en Europe sont des personnes migrantes. En 2012, la section Europe de l’OMS lance le projet Phame. Phame (Public Health Aspects of Migrations in Europe, Migration et santé publique en Europe) soutient les services de santé publique des pays soumis à d’importants flux migratoires. Ses objectifs sont au nombre de trois : compenser l’impact négatif du parcours migratoire, réduire les inégalités des états de santé en facilitant l’#accès_aux_soins, et garantir les #droits_à_la santé des personnes migrantes. En recensant les meilleures pratiques et les éventuelles lacunes des services de santé publique, le projet sollicite la #coordination des interventions et l’établissement de plans d’urgence adaptés. Certes, les #services_de_santé ne peuvent, à eux seuls, assurer une #prise_en_charge globale de la santé des personnes migrantes et agir sur l’ensemble des #déterminants_sociaux tels que le #logement, l’#éducation, l’#emploi et la #protection_sociale. L’#OMS Europe insiste donc sur la nécessité de mettre en place des #actions_intersectorielles en réponse aux enjeux spécifiques à la santé de ces personnes, d’autant que l’ensemble des déterminants sociaux ont un impact sur l’état de santé des personnes.

    Sous une appellation unique – « les personnes migrantes » – se cachent des situations complexes, régies selon le #titre_de_séjour, le #droit_d’asile, la protection des frontières, les conventions européennes et internationales et les clauses humanitaires. Notre dossier prévoit de définir ces catégories, dont les #situations_sanitaires varient aussi selon leur #statut_administratif. On ne saurait considérer de manière uniforme ces personnes dont la santé est fonction de l’âge, du sexe, de la situation dans le pays d’origine, mais surtout des #risques encourus lors du #parcours_migratoire. Arrivées dans une zone de langue et de culture différentes, il leur est quasi impossible de se repérer sans aide dans un #système_de_soins inconnu, de se plier aux contraintes de #dépistages, dont ils peuvent redouter les conséquences, d’accorder de l’attention à des gestes de santé éloignés de la simple nécessité de survivre.

    Incluses dans l’appellation générale de « personnes migrantes » se trouvent les mêmes catégories hautement vulnérables : les enfants exposés, utilisés, exploités, qui mûrissent trop vite avec parfois, mais c’est loin d’être la règle, des développements spectaculaires, et puis les #femmes, qui ont rarement le choix de leur vie, sont souvent traitées comme des marchandises, ayant elles-mêmes la charge d’#enfants nés durant leur parcours chaotique.

    Les professionnels de santé confrontés aux problèmes de santé ou, au contraire, à la non-demande de soins de personnes migrantes, se réfèrent à des grilles diagnostiques où figurent tout à la fois les maladies transmissibles, les maladies chroniques (diabète, hypertension artérielle notamment) et les séquelles de traumatismes sur des corps dont l’usure est majorée par une hygiène de vie précaire, la malnutrition, la prise quotidienne de risques, et trop souvent la vie à la rue.

    Comment nommer ce mal venu d’ailleurs ? Cette question nous obsède depuis plusieurs semaines avec la menace de la Covid-19, mais elle est en fait très ancienne. On craint depuis fort longtemps ces maladies étranges contractées sous les tropiques et autres lieux perçus hostiles, au point d’ouvrir des services spécialisés en médecine tropicale, et d’enseigner dans les facultés de médecine les maladies des populations immigrées. On redoute la résurgence de pathologies désormais bien maîtrisées dans nos régions, et on s’inquiète également de l’ancrage des maladies de la misère chez ces personnes étrangères recueillies sur notre territoire. S’ils sont, comme le montrent les chiffres, de plus en plus nombreux à souhaiter entrer sur les territoires européens, saurons-nous endiguer les conséquences sur leur santé physique et psychique de parcours de vie aussi difficiles et souvent violents ?

    On constate que dans les situations d’urgence les mesures ne se discutent pas et sont généralement adaptées, mais les professionnels de santé observent également des manifestations plus torpides, souvent consécutives à des agressions physiques et psychiques, qui se pérennisent et pour lesquelles les symptômes ne sont pas toujours lisibles ou s’expriment tardivement. Dans le vaste champ de la #santé_mentale, les services susceptibles de répondre à ces troubles au long cours sont peu disponibles et leur répartition est inégale sur le territoire français.

    Une pratique ordinaire de soins fait le constat des conditions de vie souvent marginales de la plupart de ces personnes. Lorsque l‘organisation de la vie quotidienne est déstructurée, un accompagnement et un suivi particuliers sont nécessaires pour leur permettre un accès explicite et légitime aux ressources du système de soins en place et à la solidarité du régime de protection sociale. Or, le plus souvent, en France comme dans les pays voisins, l’accès à des filières de soins adaptées aux personnes migrantes est balisé par des contraintes administratives qui restreignent leur portée et retardent les soins.

    L’état de santé des étrangers en France, quelle que soit leur catégorie, est mal connu car la variable « étranger » ou « pays d’origine » ne figure pas dans les grandes enquêtes nationales de santé. Il n’y a donc pas de #donnés_épidémiologiques synthétiques sur l’état de santé des personnes immigrées. Néanmoins nous disposons de quelques connaissances. L’Académie de médecine a consacré en 2019 un numéro de son Bulletin à « La santé des migrants » puis a publié en février 2020 un rapport sur L’Immigration en France : situation sanitaire et sociale, qui proposait dix recommandations. Le Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire (BEH) publie et actualise des dossiers dédiés à la santé physique et mentale des migrants en France. Le ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé a publié en juin 2018 une « Instruction relative à la mise en place du parcours santé des migrants primo-arrivants »quel que soit leur statut administratif.

    Nous espérons que ce dossier dédié à la santé des migrants contribuera de manière complémentaire aux connaissances existantes. Le thème retenu pour ce dossier est vaste, universel, sans cesse remanié. Volontairement, l’accent a été mis sur les groupes les plus vulnérables, femmes et enfants, et sur la prise en compte de la santé mentale, en particulier des #stress_post-traumatiques, afin d’éviter la chronicisation des #troubles_psychiques.

    Il est bien dans l’optique du Haut Conseil de la santé publique de promouvoir les actions intersectorielles. Dans les problématiques relevant de la santé des personnes migrantes, chaque échelon territorial, et le département plus particulièrement, doit veiller à la cohérence entre ces actions. Certaines conventions existent entre des services de l’Éducation nationale, du Logement, de la Justice et de la Santé, mais la plupart du temps, ce sont des structures privées, associations ou fondations, qui prennent l’initiative de ces mises en réseau.

    Qu’il s’agisse des services publics ou du secteur privé, la voix des professionnels comme celle des bénévoles, engagés auprès des populations migrantes, est toujours forte. Il faut au moins toute cette intensité et cette vigilance pour que l’accueil et la protection de leur santé s’établissent et se maintiennent dans le respect de la dignité et de la protection des droits de la personne.

    https://www.hcsp.fr/explore.cgi/adsp?clef=1172
    #migrations #santé_publique #asile #réfugiés

    via @karine4
    ping @_kg_ @isskein

  • Pour changer, un thread récupéré sur #Mastodon au sujet de l’#accessibilité de l’#informatique pour les #analphabètes numériques avec des remarques judicieuses.
    https://framapiaf.org/web/statuses/104797360725429313

    En 2020/21, mon travail consiste entre autres à enseigner les grandes bases de l’utilisation de l’ordinateur à des personnes, précaires, qui n’y avaient jamais touché auparavant.

    Ça méritera que j’en fasse un billet, mais en attendant, les réflexions qui me viennent en vrac

    Je redécouvre à quel point les concepts du bureau et des fenêtres sur un PC sont inaccessibles.

    Pourquoi un « bureau » ? Comment ça des « fenêtres » ? En plus il faut apprendre à devoir les déplacer et les agencer ? Ugh.
    Les gens comprennent pas, et c’est normal.

    Pensons-y peut-être quand est tenté-e de se moquer des interfaces type iPadOS/iOS qui — quand on ne cherche pas à jongler entre mille taches — se résument à afficher 1 app à la fois à l’écran.

    C’est une simplicité précieuse en termes d’accessibilité.

    Windows et le Web en 2020 sont terribles visuellement pour ces personnes.

    À quoi ressemble un bouton par exemple ? Bah : 🤷‍♀️.
    Parfois il y a une bordure, parfois pas, parfois le texte est gras, parfois pas, parfois le curseur change, parfois pas.

    Conséquence directe : il est difficile/impossible pour elles d’assimiler ce qui est cliquable ou ne l’est pas.
    Elles tentent de cliquer sur tout, et ne comprennent pas ce qu’elles font. Et c’est normal.

    Alors on persiste à leur montrer, mais on est un peu résigné-e

    Les supports de séance qu’on utilise sont très centrés sur l’utilisation de la souris.

    Logique : c’est intuitif de partir du principe qu’elle permet de tout faire, et que le clavier n’est là que pour saisir du texte.

    Mais la difficulté d’enseigner le concept du clic-droit me fait questionner cela.

    Est-ce que ce serait pas mieux d’apprendre directement les raccourcis clavier de base ? Ctrl+C/V/X, Alt+Tab, … ?

    J’ai eu un nouveau groupe et je confirme : leur apprendre des raccourcis clavier dès la découverte de l’ordinateur a fait une nette différence ! ⌨️

    La souris ne semblait plus être un outil de torture indispensable, mais bien une interface parmi d’autres au choix :D

    Ça peut paraître evident mais : lorsque vous enseignez à une personne l’usage de la souris, pensez à lui demander si elle est gauchère ou droitière ! 🖱🙌

    Beaucoup de gauchèr-es se forcent à utiliser la souris à l’envers.
    Parfois ça le fait, mais la plupart du temps non.

    Parce que oui, on peut bel et bien inverser le clic gauche et le clic droit !

    Pour celleux qui découvrent la souris, ça peut faire une nette différence, et j’ai pu aussitôt le remarquer.

    « Fausse bonne idée »
    « Abomination »

    Vous avez peut-être vu passer l’info : des navigateurs simplifient leur barre d’adresse pour afficher uniquement le nom de domaine. (Safari, et bientôt Chrome)

    Les développeurs sont horrifiés.
    Mais, c’est une excellente idée ? 🙌 (1/3) https://twitter.com/dje_renard/status

    Pour les personnes à qui j’enseigne le navigateur et les grandes bases du Web, la barre d’adresse est effrayante. Les URL sont complexes et confuses.

    Pourtant, savoir où on se trouve sur le Web est essentiel. Ça devrait être accessible, pas l’objet de tout un cours.

    Ce n’est pas la 1ère fois que Google tente de simplifier la barre d’adresse. (Déjà en 2014 : https://www.ghacks.net/2014/05/01/google-chrome-experiment-displays-domain-urlbar )

    Et c’est un poil élitiste de refuser d’avancer sur une question d’accessibilité pour les plus précaires du numérique.

    Autres remarques constructives, dans le même fil

    Merci pour ces remarques, je partage ton point de vue sur la non homogénéité du design des interfaces entre le web, le paradigme des interfaces fenêtrées et celle des appareils mobiles. C’est autant de façons de d’atteindre le même objectif : manipuler de l’information avec ses mains.

    Nous ne pouvons que constater ce frein à la compréhension des outils informatiques et apporter quelques pièces pour mieux apprécier ces conséquences historiques.

    On peux faire un // avec l’évolution des langues humaines qui s’adaptent au locuteurs et à ce qu’ils en font.

    « Prendre la feuille du bureau et la mettre dans un dossier » est une simulation d’un procédé consistant à produire « un déplacement », tout comme de façon analogue. On peux dire que c’est pensé pour imiter un bureau où l’on range des documents.

    Cette imitation à des limites et peux produire des interfaces complexes déroutantes qui n’ont rien d’un réel bureau.

    Si on remonte chronologiquement à la conception d’interfaces, on dispose d’une façon de communiquer faite d’ordres tels que : « déplace feuille dossier ».

    Les raccourcis claviers accessibles au grand public peuvent se rapprocher de ces ordres simples mais ne couvrent qu’une infime partie de ce qu’ils pourraient exprimer par un langage, non dicté par l’imitation d’actions supposées réelles.

    En d’autres termes, mon ressenti personnel est que les interfaces graphiques visant à imiter le réel d’un certain consensus ne produisent que d’innombrables actions inutiles en comparaison à une langue dont l’objectif est d’ordonner la bonne action à un automate.

  • La Cour européenne confirme l’absence de #traitement_médical adéquat pour les demandeurs d’asile sur Samos

    Le 16 octobre 2020, la #Cour_européenne_des_droits_de_l'homme (#CEDH) a ordonné au gouvernement grec de fournir un examen médical et un traitement nécessaires à huit demandeurs d’asile souffrant d’#hépatite_B.

    Pour retrouver le lien vers la décision : https://ihaverights.eu/i-a-and-others-v-greece

    #santé #accès_aux_soins #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Samos #Grèce #traitement_médical #examen_médical #justice

  • ‘It’s like they’re waiting for us to die’: why Covid-19 is battering Black Chicagoans | US news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/23/covid-19-battering-black-chicagoans
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8d0245b3ebc5ce72e1e87416c6b9f253144d615a/0_266_4013_2409/master/4013.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    Phillip Thomas, a Black, 48-year-old Chicagoan, was a “great guy” according to his sister Angela McMiller. He was loved by his family and well-liked by his co-workers at Walmart, where he had worked for nine years.
    “I didn’t know about how many friends he had until he passed away,” said Angela. Thomas, who was diabetic, died from Covid-19 this past March.
    After being sick for two weeks and self-quarantining at the recommendation of his doctor, instead of being given an examination, Phillip was then rushed to the hospital, where he died the next day.
    Naba’a Muhammad, 59, a writer and Chicago South Shore neighborhood resident, with a lung disease, also contracted coronavirus and was hospitalized.But while he was fortunate to access the necessary care, he immediately noted health disparities facing other Black Chicagoans in his community.
    “Here you have [Donald Trump] who’s got a helicopter flying him to a special wing of a hospital for help when Black people can’t even get an Uber to the emergency room or a Covid test,” he said, referring to the president’s world-class care at the Walter Reed national military medical center on the outskirts of Washington DC, after being diagnosed with coronavirus in early October.
    Closed Chicago theater in Chicago in March. Almost 1 billion people were confined to their homes worldwide in March as the global coronavirus death toll topped 12,000 and US states rolled out stay-at-home measures already imposed across swathes of Europe.
    In Chicago, Covid-19 is battering Black communities. Despite only accounting for 30% of the city’s population, Black people make up 60% of Covid cases there and have the highest mortality rate out of any racial or ethnic group. Most Chicago Covid-19 deaths are hyper-concentrated in majority-Black neighborhoods such as Austin on the West Side and Englewood and Auburn Gresham on the South Side.
    “The racial and ethnic gaps we’re seeing of who gets the virus and who dies from it are not a surprise,” said Linda Rae Murray, a Chicago doctor, academic, social justice advocate and former president of the American Public Health Association as well as the former chief medical officer of the Cook county department of public health.“They are a reflection of structural racism that exists in our society and inequities that are baked into our country.”
    Chicago is a hyper-segregated city, blighted by yawning divides across many socio-economic conditions.The coronavirus experiences of Black Chicagoans are so starkly different from residents in whiter, wealthier communities it has observers asking: do conditions in majority African American neighborhoods make being Black, effectively, a pre-existing condition there?Muhammad thinks so: “[It] is very true,” he said, adding: “But that truth demands a response. We can’t simply accept that this is going to happen to us.”Many Black neighborhoods in Chicago, as elsewhere in America, experience higher rates of unemployment and poverty while also being less likely to receive pandemic aid, giving them even less of a safety net than usual in a disease outbreak

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#etatsunis#chicago#sante#inegalite#minorite#race#santepublique#accessante#race

  • N.F.L. Team Thrown by False Positive Covid-19 Tests - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/10/16/world/covid-coronavirus

    Regardless of race and ethnicity, those aged 65 and older represented the vast majority — 78 percent — of all coronavirus deaths over those four months.The geographic impact of coronavirus deaths shifted from May to August as well, moving from the Northeast to the South and West. And though the virus moved into parts of the country with higher numbers of Hispanic residents, the report’s data showed that alone does not entirely account for the increase in percentage of deaths among Hispanics nationwide.“Covid-19 remains a major public health threat regardless of age or race and ethnicity,” the report states. It attributes an increased risk among racial and ethnic groups who might be more likely to live in places where the coronavirus is more easily spread, such as multigenerational and multifamily households, as well as hold jobs requiring in-person work, have more limited access to health care and who experience discrimination.
    In July, federal data made available after The New York Times sued the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed a clearer and more complete picture of the racial inequalities of the virus: Black and Latino people have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus in a widespread manner that spans the country, throughout hundreds of counties in urban, suburban and rural areas, and across all age groups.

    #covid-19#migration#migrant#etatsunis#sante#inegalite#minorite#race#ethnicité#discrimnation#accessante

  • Coronavirus is putting Europe’s privacy protectors front and centre – and they’re coming up short
    https://thecorrespondent.com/718/coronavirus-is-putting-europes-privacy-protectors-front-and-centre-and-theyre-coming-up-short/865511736518-1582bd69?pk_campaign=collection-notifier&pk_source=em

    Coronavirus is putting Europe’s privacy protectors front and centre – and they’re coming up short Coronavirus is putting Europe’s privacy protectors front and centre – and they’re coming up short Wojciech Wiewiórowski felt like his entire life had been leading up to the moment when Covid-19 hit Europe like a tidal wave back in March. His youth in Soviet Poland. His doctorate in constitutional law. His four-year stint as Poland’s data protection authority. “It was all there to prepare me for the (...)

    #algorithme #smartphone #Smittestopp #contactTracing #température #[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données_(RGPD)[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR)[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation_(GDPR) #données #COVID-19 #santé #surveillance #travail (...)

    ##[fr]Règlement_Général_sur_la_Protection_des_Données__RGPD_[en]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_[nl]General_Data_Protection_Regulation__GDPR_ ##santé ##AccessNow

  • Future EU-US data transfers ? EU must push back on the US’s surveillance game
    https://www.accessnow.org/future-eu-us-data-transfers-eu-must-push-back-on-the-uss-surveillance-gam

    Brussels & Washington DC — Access Now and the American Civil Liberties Union are calling on the European Commission to press the United States to reform its surveillance laws, so that any future instrument for EU-US data transfers complies with EU law and withstands judicial scrutiny. The groups are set to meet with Justice Commissioner Didier Reynders tomorrow, October 2, together with other civil society partners, to discuss the way forward for EU-US data transfers after the (...)

    #données #FISA #PrivacyShield #surveillance #AccessNow #ACLU

  • Observatoire des #non-recours aux droits et services

    Objectifs

    Dans les domaines des #prestations_sociales, de la #santé, de l’insertion sociale et professionnelle, de l’#autonomie, de la #médiation_sociale, des déplacements, de la lutte contre les #discriminations

    - Observer des situations de non-recours, mesurer leur importance, caractériser les populations concernées, enquêter sur les causes.
    – Analyser les limites de l’#intégration_sociale par les politiques publiques au regard des phénomènes de non-recours.
    – Diffuser les connaissances, les données et les méthodes d’identification et d’évaluation du non-recours.
    – Accueillir la réalisation de stages, de mémoires de Master et de recherches doctorales ; servir de support à des séjours scientifiques dans le cadre de collaborations internationales.

    Une observation productrice d’#outils utiles pour la #recherche et l’#action

    – Requêtes #statistiques sur des bases de données constituées.
    - Dispositifs ad hoc de suivi/évaluation au sein de structures administratives ou associatives.
    - Enquêtes qualitatives suivant plusieurs techniques : entretien individuel ou collectif, focus group, groupe de qualification mutuelle.
    – Ateliers de #témoignages.

    Une #observation articulée à des recherches pour de nombreux organismes

    le CNRS, l’ANR, la CNAMTS, la CNSA, la DGCS, la DREES-MIRe/ONPES, le PUCA, l’INPES, le PREDIT, l’INCA, …

    Axes de questionnement

    Pourquoi des individus ou des populations ne recourent pas, volontairement ou non, à l’#offre_publique.
    Que ce soit dans des rapports directs aux services prestataires (services publics, associations, entreprises), à des acteurs intermédiaires (organisés ou non organisés) ou dans la participation à des actions collectives soutenant l’accès aux droits.

    Pourquoi et comment les institutions se saisissent des phénomènes de non recours à l’offre publique. Renouvellement du contenu de l’offre publique et organisation spatiale des pratiques sociales (autour de logiques de contrat, d’incitation et de responsabilisation, de proximité, d’accessibilité et de mobilité) ; développement d’outils de connaissance des phénomènes de non-recours ; mise en œuvre de dispositifs d’information, d’expression de la demande sociale, de (re)mise en capacité des individus, de lutte contre les discriminations, de construction d’intérêts collectifs.

    Une démarche scientifique fondée sur l’observation

    L’#invisibilité des phénomènes de non-recours demande d’articuler trois types de recherche dans une démarche scientifique interdisciplinaire.


    https://odenore.msh-alpes.fr
    #précarité #recherche-action #droits #accès_aux_droits

    • Collectif SOIF de connaissances

      Renforcer les liens entre la recherche, la formation des professionnels et les #pratiques de terrain dans le champ sanitaire et social

      Le secteur de l’#action_sociale connaît actuellement de profondes évolutions et remises en question, illustrées notamment par les débats menés dans le cadre des Etats Généraux du #Travail_Social. L’une des questions centrales concerne l’articulation, au niveau des territoires, entre les pratiques de terrain, la formation – continue ou initiale – des professionnels, et la recherche scientifique dans les différents domaines d’intervention. Le cloisonnement trop souvent observé des divers acteurs concernés mène en effet à une certaine incohérence entre les besoins identifiés, les réponses apportées par les structures, et les contenus de formation.

      Le Plan d’action en faveur du travail social et de l’#intervention_sociale présenté en conseil des ministres le 21 octobre 2015 prend en compte ces enjeux, en fixant notamment les objectifs suivants :

      – Inscrire progressivement le travail social dans un parcours conduisant à des grades universitaires.
      - Reconnaître l’intervention sociale comme un champ de recherche.
      - Garantir la qualité des formations et des diplômes d’Etat, via notamment un cahier des charges partagé Etat-Régions.

      http://www.collectif-soif.fr/le-collectif

  • Accès aux Master : un étudiant en grève de la faim

    En grève de la faim depuis vendredi 18 septembre pour faire appliquer son #droit_à_la_poursuite_d’études, #Mehdi, étudiant de la Faculté de Droit à besoin de notre soutien !

    Au delà de la situation dramatique de Mehdi, le problème est aussi collectif.
    Cette année, de nombreux étudiants refusés en #Master n’ont eu aucune proposition du Rectorat, alors que c’est une #obligation_légale.

    Nous donnons rendez-vous à tous les étudiants sans réponse du Rectorat, et à tous les gens touchés par la situation de Mehdi, à venir lundi 21 septembre à 8h devant le Rectorat de Montpellier (rue de l’université, tramway Louis Blanc).


    https://academia.hypotheses.org/25857
    #grève_de_la_faim #études #France #accès_aux_études

    • #Montpellier : un étudiant en droit entame une grève de la faim

      Un étudiant en droit privé qui se voit refuser un Master a entamé une grève de la faim, ce vendredi, à Montpellier.

      Depuis ce vendredi matin, un étudiant en droit privé a entamé une grève de la faim devant le Rectorat de Montpellier, dans l’Ecusson, révèle le Syndicat de combat universitaire de Montpellier, le Scum.
      Refusé en Master

      « Titulaire d’une licence de Droit Privé à la faculté de droit de Montpellier, Mehdi a été de façon incompréhensible refusé en Master droit des affaires dans cette même faculté. Il est désespéré, car, il risque d’être jeté à la rue de sa cité universitaire, faute d’inscription acceptée », assure le Scum, qui dénonce que, « Ni le Crous, ni l’Université, ni le Rectorat n’ont répondu à ses sollicitations et recours ». Un rendez-vous demandé au rectorat n’a pas eu de suite, toujours selon le Scum.

      Démenti du Rectorat

      Une version démentie : « L’étudiant évoqué a saisi les services académiques dans le cadre du dispositif « trouver mon master », dans l’objectif d’identifier une solution de poursuite d’études au sein d’un diplôme national de master. Les services du Rectorat de la région académique ont été alertés sur sa situation et les difficultés qu’il rencontre. Ils sont en lien avec lui et le tiennent très régulièrement informé de l’état d’avancement de la procédure. Ils sont également en lien avec le Crous, qu’ils ont informé de sa situation et de la procédure en cours », assure ce vendredi soir à Métropolitain, le cabinet de la Rectrice de Montpellier.

      « Les services académiques mesurent pleinement les enjeux de poursuites d’étude et s’attèlent, dans le cadre des démarches engagées et qui se poursuivent, à proposer à cet étudiant des réponses adaptées à sa situation » – Le cabinet de la Rectrice de Montpellier.

      « Au travers de cette démarche, cet étudiant bénéficie d’un accompagnement par les services rectoraux qui ont formulé des propositions de poursuites d’études en Master auprès de différentes universités, dont les retours sont attendus. Les services académiques mesurent pleinement les enjeux de poursuites d’étude et s’attèlent, dans le cadre des démarches engagées et qui se poursuivent, à proposer à cet étudiant des réponses adaptées à sa situation », ajoute le Rectorat.
      L’étudiant témoigne

      Mehdi a cessé de s’alimenter et de s’hydrater depuis ce vendredi matin. Ce soir, il précise qu’il poursuit son action : « Pour des raisons médicales, en accord avec mon médecin, et, vu la gravité d’une telle grève et surtout de mon état de santé, je serais alité dès ce soir et surveillé toute la nuit, je ne dormirais donc pas devant le Rectorat. Je suis en contact avec le Rectorat depuis jeudi seulement. L’Université de Montpellier a répondu à mes recours, mais, pas celle de Toulouse ».

      À suivre.

      https://actu.fr/occitanie/montpellier_34172/montpellier-un-etudiant-en-droit-entame-une-greve-de-la-faim-et-de-la-soif_3622

  • La justice européenne consacre « la neutralité du Net » dans l’UE
    https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2020/09/15/la-justice-europeenne-consacre-la-neutralite-du-net-dans-l-ue_6052269_440899

    L’arrêt de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne consacre mardi le principe d’égalité de traitement et d’accès des contenus en ligne. La Cour de justice de l’Union européenne a consacré dans un arrêt, mardi 15 septembre, le principe d’égalité de traitement et d’accès des contenus en ligne, dit de « neutralité du Net ». La cour considère dans sa décision qu’un fournisseur d’accès ne peut pas privilégier certaines applications ou certains services en leur accordant un accès illimité, quand les services (...)

    #Telenor #neutralité #AccessNow #CJUE

    ##neutralité

  • Coronavirus kills far more Hispanic and Black children than White youths, CDC study finds - The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/09/15/covid-deaths-hispanic-black-children

    The coronavirus is killing Hispanic, Black and American Indian children at much higher numbers than their White peers, according to federal statistics released Tuesday.
    The numbers — the most comprehensive U.S. accounting to date of pediatric infections and fatalities — show there have been 391,814 known cases and 121 deaths among people under the age of 21 from February to July.Of those killed by covid-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus, more than 75 percent have been Hispanic, Black and American Indian children, even though they represent 41 percent of the U.S. population, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The federal agency collected data from health departments throughout the country.The disproportionate deaths among youths echo pandemic disparities well-documented among adults. Previous studies have found the virus’s death toll is twice as high among people of color under age 65 as for White Americans. People of color also disproportionately make up “excess deaths” — those killed by the virus without being diagnosed or those killed indirectly by the virus’s wide effects on the health-care system. The racial disparities among children are in some ways even more stark. Of the children and teens killed, 45 percent were Hispanic, 29 Black and 4 percent American Indian. “This is the strongest evidence yet that there are deep racial disparities in children just like there are in adults,” said John Williams, chief of pediatric infectious diseases at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. “What that should mean for people is steps like wearing a mask are not just about protecting your family and yourself. It is about racial equity.”

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#etatsunis#sante#minorité#inegalite#accessante#race#surmortalite

  • Les #bains-douches, au croisement des questions migratoires et d’une politique de l’#hygiène Un projet de recherche en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

    Répondant à la nécessité d’un #accès_à_l’eau et à la #santé pour les plus #précaires, le maintien des bains-douches fait écho aux mesures hygiénistes et sociales qui ont permis leur création à partir du XIXème siècle en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. Symboles de modernité et produits de la politique municipale d’#hygiène et de #santé_publique, les bains-douches ont souvent été associés à la construction de logements sociaux mais aussi à des piscines, dans une vision associant hygiène et pratique sportive. De leur apparition jusqu’à nos jours, les bains-douches sont révélateurs des « #techniques_du_corps » qui concernent l’entretien physique, la santé comme l’apparence, ainsi que des discours normatifs qui les accompagnent.

    https://lecpa.hypotheses.org/1828

  • Virus refugees fleeing Myanmar for Thailand - Asia Times
    https://asiatimes.com/2020/09/virus-refugees-fleeing-myanmar-for-thailand

    CHIANG MAI – Thailand’s security forces on the Myanmar border are on high alert to prevent an influx of a new breed of migrants which if some reports are accurate may turn into a flood: health refugees fleeing a surge of Covid-19 infections.Thai authorities are reportedly on the lookout for a large but unspecified number of Myanmar people trying to cross the border. Rather than looking for work, as in the recent past, the new wave of Myanmar migrants are seeking to escape a seemingly uncontrolled outbreak of Covid-19 infections in their country.“They know Thailand has medical facilities where they could get help if they are infected or, if they are not, just seek shelter from what appears to be a wave of infections in Myanmar, a country with grossly inadequate health services for the general public,” said a source who has just returned from the border.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#thailande#myanmar#refugie#sante#politique#accessanté

  • No new normal for Asia’s virally unwanted migrants - Asia Times
    https://asiatimes.com/2020/09/no-new-normal-for-asias-virally-unwanted-migrants

    The pandemic-induced economic crisis has hit Southeast Asia especially hard, with most regional economies expected to record negative growth and record recessions in 2020.But while analysts weigh which industries will be harder than others, often overlooked is the impact on the region’s migrants, the hidden labor that fuels the usually dynamic region’s growth.Some 9.9 million Southeast Asians worked outside of their home countries in the region in 2016, according to World Economic Forum data.Those footloose workers, including from the Philippines, Indonesia and Myanmar, send home remittances that boost household incomes and fuel consumption in their home economies.In 2019, Philippine migrant remittances hit $25.6 billion, accounting for 9.3% of gross domestic product (GDP). Remittances were worth US$77 billion in Southeast Asia last year. The World Bank reckons that global remittances will fall by at least one-fifth this year.
    But the pandemic has sent many migrants home without work or incomes. Others have remained abroad trying to eke out a living while waiting so far vainly for a post-pandemic recovery, according to monitoring groups and reports. Civil society organizations say migrants stuck abroad receive few government rescue handouts, while those who returned home often live under crippling debt while fighting for payments owed by their overseas employers. Migrant worker rights groups in Singapore have protested over draconian laws, including emergency government rules that allow employers to severely restrict the free movement of migrant workers, including by not allowing employees to leave dormitories without permission. Malaysia has likewise come under fire for rounding up foreign migrants as part of its coronavirus containment measures. When Al Jazeera reported on alleged abuses of the migrant community, authorities lodged sedition charges against its reporters and refused to renew the Australian nationals’ visas.An International Labor Organization survey in July of returning Cambodian migrants from Thailand found a quarter went home because of coronavirus fears. But while more than two-thirds of respondents said they wanted to re-migrate, almost all saying they would do so after the pandemic is over, only 3% said they would return abroad that month. It’s not clear that they did, though, as Thailand keeps its borders closed to prevent a new viral wave.The prolonged health crisis is already raising questions about whether migration will return to normal when the pandemic eventually ends, whenever that may be. In lte July, Thai authorities said that some migrants could return because of demand in some low-paying sectors, but limited the number to around 100,000. But with reports of a surging Covid outbreak in Myanmar, Thai authorities are now closely guarding the border to block a wave of so-called “health refugees.” On the one hand, it isn’t difficult to imagine less migration and opportunities for migrants in the coming months and years as the global and regional economy stagger back to health. One issue will be unemployment, now at almost historic rates across the region, especially in the informal sectors where most migrant workers are employed.
    While it’s unlikely that Singaporeans will want to compete for the low-paying manual jobs typically occupied by migrant workers, some suggest unemployed Thais may vie for the same jobs traditionally done by Cambodian or Myanmar migrants. Migrants are gathered outside their residences by health workers and police officers before they undergo
    Another issue is how people view migrants as racial prejudices surge across the region amid perceptions foreign migrants carry the virus more than locals.“Migrant workers are already facing discrimination in their destination countries and when they return home as suspected virus carriers,” says Guna Subramaniam, who leads Institute for Human Rights and Business’ Migrant Workers programme in Southeast Asia. “They may continue to experience such discrimination in the future.” The Cambodian government is using the pandemic to revamp its immigration laws, while Vietnam’s communist government has ramped up its people-trafficking crackdowns, in part because Hanoi says that undocumented arrivals can be “super-spreaders.” There’s also the case of whether migrant workers, despite their traditionally low wages, will be too expensive to hire as employers are compelled to deploy new health safety standards by regional governments.
    When the Thai government last month said it would allow more than 100,000 migrant workers to return, it conditioned their entry on meeting arduous requirements. All returning migrants would need to show medical certificates, which are prohibitively expensive and difficult to obtain in their home nations.Returnees were also told they needed to quarantine for two weeks at state centers, which according to several reports costs at least 20,000 baht ($640), a prohibitive amount for most migrants. Reports suggest that more scrupulous employers are paying these fees upfront but then deducting the costs from the wages of migrant workers. Employers have also been told they need to pay for new safety measures at workplaces.Then there’s fear of another wave of the virus, which, if it leads to similar lockdown measures and border closures as the first, would leave returned migrants and employers in the same situation they found themselves in March, only with the additional financial outlay already spent.

    #covid-19#migrant#migration#asie#sante#sigmatisation#retour#transfert#accessante#supercontaminateur#economie#politiquemigratoire

  • Human rights groups ask U.N. to intervene in U.S. crackdown on racial justice protesters
    https://www.accessnow.org/human-rights-groups-ask-u-n-to-intervene-in-u-s-crackdown-on-racial-justi

    This week, Access Now and the USC Gould School of Law’s International Human Rights Clinic (USC IHRC) – with the support of the international law firm Foley Hoag LLP (on behalf of Access Now) – submitted an Urgent Appeal to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and of Association, Mr. Clement Nyaletossi Voule. The Urgent Appeal – an emergency U.N. Human Rights Council’s Special Procedures mechanism that raises attention to human rights violations by (...)

    #ICE #CBP #CCTV #smartphone #activisme #racisme #militaire #aérien #vidéo-surveillance #BlackLivesMatter #écoutes #surveillance (...)

    ##AccessNow

  • Une étude de l’OIM met en lumière l’impact de la COVID-19 sur la population migrante en Amérique centrale et au Mexique | Organisation internationale pour les migrations
    https://www.iom.int/fr/news/une-etude-de-loim-met-en-lumiere-limpact-de-la-covid-19-sur-la-population-migra
    https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/styles/highlights/public/press_release/media/covid_survey_picture1_0.jpg?itok=870ZOFfw

    Près de 60 pour cent des personnes ayant l’intention de migrer ont décidé de reporter ou d’annuler leurs projets en raison de la pandémie. Plus de 20 pour cent des migrants existants envisagent de retourner dans leur pays d’origine dès que leur situation économique ou les mesures sanitaires adoptées par leur pays le leur permettront. Environ la moitié des migrants en Amérique centrale et au Mexique ont perdu leur emploi en raison de la pandémie. Ce sont là quelques-unes des conclusions mises en lumière cette semaine dans une étude menée par l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM). Plus de 1 600 personnes ont participé à cette étude organisée par l’OIM, qui a été lancée en juin pour mesurer et comprendre l’impact de la pandémie sur les intentions de migration. L’étude a également porté sur la situation socioéconomique, la santé physique et mentale et les facteurs de risque auxquels sont confrontés les migrants de la région.Alors que plus de la moitié des migrants ayant participé au sondage ont effectivement perdu leur emploi en raison de la pandémie, seuls 20 pour cent des migrants environ travaillent actuellement, ce qui suggère qu’un tiers de tous les migrants de la région ne parviennent pas à trouver un emploi pendant leur séjour. Dans le même temps, quatre migrants sur dix ayant un emploi ont vu leurs heures de travail ou leur salaire réduits. Près de la moitié (48 pour cent) des participants ont indiqué que leurs salaires et revenus ont diminué en raison de la COVID-19. Concernant l’accès à la santé, presque tous les migrants ont déclaré qu’ils se conformaient aux mesures préventives de santé contre la COVID-19. Moins de 10 pour cent d’entre eux soupçonnent d’avoir contracté la maladie à un moment donné, mais seulement un tiers environ de ces derniers ont eu recours aux services de santé. Cette constatation renforce l’importance de garantir aux migrants l’accès aux services de santé.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#ameriquelatine#sante#economie#accessante#chomage#santementale#vulnerabilite

  • #CoronaCapitalism and the European #Border_Regime

    As the coronavirus pandemic continues to affect people’s lives all over the world, the violence against migrants and refugees has intensified. This article explores #CoronaCapitalism and the Border Regime in a European context. Corporate Watch uses the term “border regime” as a shorthand to mean all of the many different institutions, people, systems and processes involved in trying to control migrants.

    This article only shares the tip-of-the-iceberg of migrant experiences during the coronavirus pandemic and we know there are many other untold stories. If you would like to share your news or experiences, please contact us.

    Mass Containment Camps

    As the world descended into lockdowns in an attempt to prevent the spread of the virus, tens of thousands of people have been confined in camps in the Western Balkans and Greece, as well as smaller accommodation centres across Europe. New and existing camps were also essentially locked down and the movement of people in and out of camps began to be heavily controlled by police and/or the military.

    The Border Violence Monitoring Network (BVMN) has been trying to track what is happening across the Balkans. They write that in Bosnia-Herzegovina, “more than 5,000 people were detained in existing temporary refugee reception centres. They include about 500 unaccompanied minors and several hundred children with families. Persons in need of special care, patients, victims of torture, members of the LGBTQ population, persons diagnosed with mental disorders, and victims of domestic violence have also been locked down into ‘EU-funded’ camps.” Police officers guard the centres and emergency legislation enables them the right to ‘physically force persons trying to leave the centres to return.’

    120,000 people are locked down in containment camps across Greece and the Greek Islands. Disturbing accounts of refugee camps are ever-present but the pandemic has worsened already unbearable conditions. 17,000 refugees live at Moira Refugee Camp where there are 210 people per toilet and 630 people per shower. Coronavirus, uncertainty over suspended asylum applications and the terrible living conditions are all contributing to escalating violence.

    In detention centres in Drama and Athens in Greece, the BVMN report that, “Respondents describe a lack of basic amenities such as running water, showers, or soap. Cramped and overcrowded conditions, with up to 13 inmates housed in one caravan with one, usually non-functioning, toilet. Requests for better services are met with violence at the hands of officers and riot police. On top of this, there have been complaints that no special precautions for COVID-19 are being taken, residents inside told BVMN reporters that sick individuals are not isolated, and are dismissed as having ‘the flu’.”

    While movement restrictions were lifted for Greek residents on 4th May, lockdown is still extended for all camps and centres across Greece and the Islands. This decision triggered thousands of people to protest in Athens. Emergency legislation adopted at the start of March in Greece effectively suspended the registration of asylum applications and implied immediate deportation for those entering the Greek territory, without registration, to their countries of origin or to Turkey.

    Detention and the deportation regime

    While major country-wide lockdowns are an unusual form of restriction of movement, for decades European states have been locking people seeking safety in detention centres. Immigration Removal Centres are essentially prisons for migrants in which people are locked up without trial or time-limit. In the UK the detention system is mostly run for profit by private companies, as detailed in our UK Border Regime book.

    Despite preparing for a pandemic scenario in January 2020, it took public pressure and legal action before the British government released nearly 1000 people from detention centres. As of the end of May, 368 people were still locked up in the profit-making detention centres and many more are living in ‘accommodation centres’ where they have been unable to access coronavirus testing.

    During the pandemic, people have been revolting in several detention centres across France and Belgium. Residents at a refugee centre in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany went on a hunger strike in April to protest against a lack of disinfectant. Hunger strikes have also taken place at detention centres in Tunisia, Cyprus and France.

    Women in a police holding centre for migrants in Greece went on hunger strike in June. In a statement, they wrote: “We will continue the hunger strike until we are free from this captivity. They will either set us free or we shall die”.

    People staged a rooftop protest at a detention centre in Madrid at the start of the outbreak. This was before all the detention centres in Spain were, for the first time in their history, completely emptied. To put this into context, Spain had 6,473 detainees in 2019. Legal challenges have been leveraging the EU Returns Directive which allows detention pending deportation for up to 18 months, but stipulates that if “a reasonable prospect of removal no longer exists…detention ceases to be justified and the person concerned shall be released immediately”.

    With a worldwide reduction in flights, deportations became unfeasible, however, many are afraid that the deportation machine will restart as things “return to normal”.

    Worsening life in the ‘jungle’

    People living in squats and other improvised accommodation have also faced sweeping operations, with people being rounded up and taken to containment camps.

    For those that remained on the street, pandemic restrictions took their toll. In Greece, movement amidst the pandemic was permitted via letters and text messages. For people who did not have the right paperwork, they were fined 150 euros, sometimes multiple times.

    Similarly, in the French city of Calais, people who did not have the right paperwork were commonly denied access to shops and supermarkets, where they may have previously used the bathrooms or bought food to cook. With many volunteer groups unable to operate due to movement restrictions, the availability of food dramatically reduced overnight. Access to services such as showers, phone charging and healthcare also rapidly reduced.

    People in Calais also faced a rise in evictions: 45 evictions were recorded in the first two weeks of lockdown. These expulsions have continued throughout the pandemic. On Friday 10th July 2020, a major police raid in Calais forced more than 500 people onto buses to be taken to ‘reception centres’ across the region.

    In Amsterdam in the Netherlands, some migrants were forced to live in night shelters and made to leave during the daytime – facing constant risks of contracting COVID-19 and police harassment in the city. They protested “I would stay at home if I had one”.

    Many migrant solidarity groups working on the ground lost huge numbers of volunteers due to travel restrictions and health concerns. Access to material donations such as tents, which are commonly collected at the end of festivals, also reduced. A constant supply of these resources is needed because the police routinely take the migrants’ tents away.

    Militarisation of borders

    The pandemic has seen an increase in military forces at borders and camps, persistent police violence and the suspension of ‘rights’ or legal processes. Using ‘State of Emergency’ legislation, the health crisis has been effectively weaponised.

    In March at the beginning of the pandemic in Europe, FRONTEX, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency deployed an additional 100 guards at the Greek Land Border. This is in addition to the agency’s core of 10,000 officers working around Europe.

    In their 2020 Risk Analysis Report, FRONTEX wrote that “the closing of internal borders is binding border guard personnel, which some border authorities have long stopped planning for”. This illuminates a key complexity in border control. For years, Europe has shifted to policing the wider borders of the Schengen Area. As the virus spread between countries within that area, however, states have tried to shut down their own borders.

    Police forces and militaries have become increasingly mobilised to “protect these national borders”. In Slovenia, this meant the military was granted authority to ‘process civilians’ at the border through the government’s activation of Article 37a of the Defence Act. While in Serbia, the army was deployed around border camps to ensure mass containment. 400 new border guards were also dispatched to the Evros land border between Greece and Turkey in addition to an increase in fencing and surveillance technologies.

    Escalating Police Violence

    Although migrants are no strangers to police brutality, national states of emergency have enabled an escalation in police violence. In mid-April an open letter was published by the Eritrean community of the Calais jungle reporting escalating police brutality. It describes the actions of the CRS police (Compagnies républicaines de sécurité); the general guard of the French police, infamous for riot control and repression:

    “They don’t see us as human beings. They insult us with names such as monkey, bitch etc. And for the past few weeks, they have started to threaten our lives by beating us as soon as the opportunity arises. When for example they found a group of two or three people walking towards the food distribution, or in our tents, when we were sleeping. They accelerate in their vehicles while driving in our direction, as if they wanted to crush us. They also took people with them to places far from Calais, and beat them until they lost consciousness.”

    The statement continues with a chronological list of events whereby people were beaten up, hit, gassed, had their arms broken, and were struck on the head so hard they lost consciousness and were taken to hospital by ambulance.

    With fewer people on the streets during the pandemic, police evictions that were not previously possible due to street-level resistance became successful. This was evidenced in the eviction of the Gini occupation at the Polytechnic University in Exarchia, Greece, a location that the police have not dared enter for decades. Dozens of migrant families were rounded up and taken to a detention centre.

    Violent pushbacks across borders

    There has also been an increase in illegal and violent pushbacks. Pushbacks are the informal expulsion (without due process) of individuals or groups to another country. This commonly involves the violent removal of people across a border.

    For example, on April 22nd in North Macedonia, a group of people from Palestine, Morocco and Egypt were pushed back into Greece. Two men were approached by officers in army uniforms and forced onto a bus where officers began to beat them with batons and guns. So much force was used that one man’s arm was fractured. The other members of the small group were later found and abruptly woken by officers. One man was stamped on and kicked across his body and head. Their shoes were removed and they were told to walk the 2km back to the border where they were met with the other group that had been taken there.

    A group of 16 people in Serbia (including one minor) were told they were being taken to a new camp for COVID prevention. They were then forced into a van and driven for nine hours with no stops, toilet or water. They were released at a remote area of hills and told to leave and cross the border to North Macedonia by the officers with guns. When found attempting to cross again days later they were told by police officers, “Don’t come again, we will kill you”.

    In Croatia, police have also started tagging people that they have pushed back with orange spray paint.

    There are also reports that Greek authorities are pushing people back to Turkey. According to the Border Violence Monitoring Network, many people shared experiences of being beaten, robbed and detained before being driven to the border area where military personnel used boats to return them to Turkey across the Evros river. In mid April in Greece, approximately 50 people were taken from Diavata camp in the morning and removed to a nearby police station where they were ordered to lie on the ground – “Sleep here, don’t move”. They were then beaten with batons. Some were also attacked with electric tasers. They were held overnight in a detention space near the border, and beaten further by Greek military officers. The next day they were boated across the river to Turkey by authorities with military uniforms. Another group were taken to the river in the dark and ordered to strip to their underwear.

    As pushbacks continue, people are forced to take even more dangerous routes. In Romania in mid-April, a group were found drowning in the Danube River after their boat capsized. One person was found dead and eight are still missing, while the survivors suffered from hypothermia.

    Danger at Sea

    During the pandemic, increasing numbers of disturbing accounts have been shared by migrants experiencing violence at sea. Between mid March and mid May, Alarm Phone (a hotline for boat people in distress) received 28 emergency calls from the Aegean Sea.

    On the 29th April, a boat carrying 48 refugees from Afghanistan, Congo and Iran, including 18 children, tried to reach Lesvos Island in the early hours of the day. They were pushed back to Turkish waters:

    “We were very scared. We tried to continue towards Lesvos Island. It was only 20 minutes more driving to reach the Greek coast. The big boat let a highspeed boat down, which hunted us down. There were six masked men in black clothes. They stopped us and made many waves. With a long stick they took away our petrol and they broke our engine. They had guns and knives. Then they threw a rope to us and ordered us to fix it on our boat. Then they started pulling us back towards Turkey. After a while they stopped and cut the rope. They returned to the big boat and took distance from us. It was around 6am.

    Then two other boats of the Greek coastguard arrived which were white and grey and drove very fast towards us, starting to make circles around our boat. They created big waves which were pushing us in the direction of Turkish waters. Our boat was taking in water and the kids were screaming. Our boat started breaking from the bottom. We were taking out the water with our boots. We threw all our belongings in the sea to make our boat lighter. Many of us had no life vests. A pregnant lady fainted. The Greeks continued making waves for a long period. A Turkish coastguard boat arrived and stood aside watching and taking photos and videos for more than six hours. Only after 13:30 o’clock the Turkish coastguard boat finally saved us. We were brought to Çanakalle police station and detained for five days.”

    During two months of lockdown, civil monitoring ships (volunteers who monitor the Aegean sea for migrants arriving via boat) were not permitted. In Italy, ports were closed to rescue ships, with many feared lost at sea as a result. Allegations have also emerged that Greece has been using inflatable rafts to deport asylum seekers. These are rafts without motors or propellers that cannot be steered.

    The Maltese Army also hit the headlines after turning away a boat of migrants by gunpoint and giving them the GPS coordinates for Italy. This is after recent reports of sabotaging migrant vessels, and pushing back migrant boats to Libya resulting in 12 people dying. The Maltese government recently signed a deal with the Libyan government to “to coordinate operations against illegal migration”. This includes training the Libyan coastguards and funding for “reception camps”.

    The threat of the virus and worsening conditions have also contributed to a record number of attempts to cross the Channel. The courage and commitment to overcome borders is inspiring, and more successful crossings have taken place during the pandemic. Between March 23rd (when the UK coronavirus lockdown began) and May 11th at least 853 migrants managed to cross the Channel in dinghies and small boats.

    State Scapegoating and the empowerment of the far right

    Far-right politicians and fascist activists have used the pandemic as an opportunity to push for closed borders.

    The election of a new Far Right government in Slovenia in March brought with it the scapegoating of refugees as coronavirus vectors. News conglomerate, NOVA24, heavily publicised a fake news story that the first COVID-19 patient in Italy was a Pakistani person who came via the Balkan route.

    Meanwhile, Hungary’s Government led by Vicktor Orbán moved to deport resident Iranians after claiming they were responsible for the country’s first coronavirus outbreak.

    In Italy, Matteo Salvini, the populist leader of the opposition Lega party tried to blame the movement of migrants from Africa across the Mediterranean as a “major infection threat” shortly before the country was overwhelmed with the pandemic and its rising death toll.

    The racist scapegoating ignores data that proves that initially the virus was transmited predominatnly by tourists’ and business people’s globe-trotting in the service of global capitalism and the fact that those whose movement is restricted, controlled and perilous, who do not have the power and wealth, are the most likely to suffer from the worst effects of both the virus itself and the shut downs.

    The Aftermath of Asylum suspension

    Access to asylum has drastically shifted across Europe with the suspension of many face-to-face application processing centres and appeal hearings. This ‘legal limbo’ is having a severe impact on people’s lives.

    Many people remain housed in temporary accommodation like hotels while they wait for their claim to be processed. This accommodation is often overcrowded and social-distancing guidelines are impossible to follow there. One asylum seeker in South London even shared to The Guardian how two strangers were made to share his double bed for a week in one room. One of the people was later taken to hospital with coronavirus.

    Closed-conditions at Skellig Accomodation Centre, a former hotel in Cahersiveen, Co. Kerry, Ireland enabled the rapid spread of the virus between the 100 people living there. Misha, an asylum seeker confined there, said she watched in horror as people started falling sick around her.

    “We were sharing bedrooms with strangers. We were sharing the dining room. We were sharing the salt shakers. We were sharing the lobby. We were sharing everything. And if you looked at the whole situation, you cannot really say that it was fit for purpose.”

    People were ordered to stay inside, and meanwhile coronavirus testing was delayed. Protests took place inside and locals demonstrated in solidarity outside.

    Asylum seekers in Glasgow have been protesting their accommodation conditions provided by the Mears Group, who Corporate Watch profiled in 2019. Mears Group won a £1.15 billion contract to run the refugee accommodation system in Scotland, Northern Ireland and much of the north of England. Their profiteering, slum landlord conditions and involvement in mass evictions have been met with anger and resistance. The pandemic has only worsened the experiences of people forced to live in Mears’ accommodation through terrible sanitation and medical neglect. Read our 2020 update on the Mears Group here.

    In the UK, the Home Office put a hold on evictions of asylum seekers during lockdown. The Red Cross stated this spared 50,000 people from the threat of losing their accommodation. Campaigners and tenants fear what will happen post-corona and how many people will face destitution when the ban on evictions lifts this August.

    In addition, a face-to-face screening interview is still needed for new asylum claims. This creates an awful choice for asylum seekers between shielding from the virus (and facing destitution) or going to the interviews in order to access emergency asylum support and begin the formal process. While meagre, the £37.75 per week is essential for survival. One of the reasons the Home Office make face-to-face applications compulsory is because of biometric data harvesting e.g. taking fingerprints of asylum seekers. One asylum seeker with serious health problems has had to make three journeys from Glasgow to Liverpool in the midst of the pandemic to submit paperwork.

    Access to food and other support is also very difficult as many centres and support services are closed.

    Barriers to Healthcare

    It is widely recognised that systemic racism has led to the disproportionate deaths of Black, Asian and minority ethnic people throughout the pandemic. Research has shown Black people are four times more likely to die than white people, and Bangladeshi or Pakistani groups are three times more likely. Many people from these communities are migrants, and many work in the National Health Service and social care sector.

    Research by Patients not Passports, Medact, Migrants Organise and the New Economics Foundation has shown that many migrants are avoiding seeking healthcare. 57% of respondents in their research report that they have avoided seeking healthcare because of fears of being charged for NHS care, data sharing and other migration enforcement concerns. Most people are unaware that treatment for coronavirus is exempt from charging. They also often experience additional barriers including the absence of translation and interpretation services, digital exclusions, housing and long distances from care services.

    Undocumented migrants are incredibly precarious. A project worker interviewed for the Patients not Passports Report shared that:

    “One client lived in a care home where she does live-in care and she has been exposed to Corona but has stated that she will not seek treatment and would rather die there than be detained.”

    Elvis, an undocumented migrant from the Philippines, died at home with suspected coronavirus because he was so scared by the hostility of Government policies that he did not seek any help from the NHS.

    For those that do try to access healthcare, issues such as not having enough phone credit or mobile data, not having wifi or laptops for video appointments, and simply not being able to navigate automated telephone and online systems because of language barriers and non-existent or poor translation, are having a very real impact on people’s ability to receive support. Fears of poor treatment because of people’s past experiences of discrimination and racism even if they access the services is another barrier.

    Exploiting Migrant Labour

    The exploitation of migrant labour has always been essential to sustaining capitalist economies. The pandemic generated contradictory responses from politicians and capitalists alike. Germany’s agricultural sector lobbied hard for opening the border after they were closed, leading the country to lift its ban and let in over 80,000 seasonal workers from Eastern Europe. Yet dilapidated living conditions and overcrowding are sparking new COVID-19 outbreaks, such as the 200 workers that contracted the virus at a slaughterhouse in western Germany.

    In mid May, the Italian government passed a law regularising undocumented migrants, whereby undocumented workers have been encouraged to apply for six-month legal residency permits. There are believed to be about 600,000 undocumented workers in Italy but only people doing ‘essential’ work during the pandemic can apply, mostly in the agricultural sector. Thousands of people live in makeshift encampments near fruit and vegetable farms with no access to running water or electricity.

    Working conditions carry risks of violence. On 18 May, five days after Italy’s regularisation law passed, a 33-year old Indian migrant working in a field outside of Rome was fired after asking his employer for a face mask for protection while at work. When the worker requested his daily wage, he was beaten up and thrown in a nearby canal.

    Conclusion

    The coronavirus crisis has exposed and intensified the brutality required to sustain capitalism – from systemic racism, to violent border controls, to slave labour for industrial agriculture, the list goes on. Despite extremely difficult conditions, undocumented migrants have formed strong movements of solidarity and collective struggle in many European countries. From revolts in detention centres to legal actions to empty them, people are continually resisting the border regime. As people reject a ‘return to normal’ post pandemic, the fall of the border regime must be part of a vision for freedom and liberation in a world beyond capitalism.

    https://corporatewatch.org/coronaborderregime
    #capitalisme #covid-19 #coronavirus #frontières #Europe #migrations #violence #asile #réfugiés #camps #camps_de_réfugiés #containment #rétention #campements #technologie #militarisation_des_frontières #Grèce #Turquie #violences_policières #police #refoulements #push-backs #Balkans #route_des_Balkans #santé #accès_aux_soins #travail #exploitation #pandémie #Frontex #confinement #grève_de_la_faim #fermeture_des_frontières

    ping @isskein @karine4 @rhoumour @_kg_ @thomas_lacroix

  • Coronavirus: Canada to offer residency to asylum seekers on pandemic front lines | South China Morning Post
    https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3097485/coronavirus-canada-offer-residency-asylum-seekers

    Canada is to offer permanent residency to asylum seekers who put themselves at risk to care for coronavirus patients, Immigration Minister Marco Mendicino said on Friday. They will be able to apply for residency for themselves and their families if they had submitted their application by March 2020, even if their demand had already been rejected. The measure will apply to asylum seekers who have helped directly care for the sick in a health clinic, a nursing home or a household, Mendicino told a news conference.“As these individuals face an uncertain future in Canada, the current circumstances merit exceptional measures, in recognition of their exceptional service during the pandemic,” Mendicino said

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#canada#demandeurdasile#accessante#sante

  • 1,200 Missing Migrants Recorded Thus Far in 2020 May Well Undercount Totals Since Covid-19 Outbreak | International Organization for Migration
    https://www.iom.int/news/1200-missing-migrants-recorded-thus-far-2020-may-well-undercount-totals-covid-1
    https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/styles/highlights/public/press_release/media/mmp_mid-year_chart_2020.png?itok=VrV22M2-

    Despite the mobility restrictions put in place in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak, over 1,200 migrants lost their lives during migration in the first half of 2020, according to data from IOM’s IOM’s Missing Migrants Project.
    Responses to COVID-19, including border closures and other measures, have increased the risks of migratory journeys by pushing people into more perilous and deadly situations where humanitarian support and rescue is increasingly unavailable. Many migrants have been stranded due to border closures and are unable to reach safety. They lack access to health services. The difficulty of social distancing for migrants in transit and destination countries may also mean that people trying to migrate irregularly during this time are at a higher risk of contracting the virus. Yet data collection on deaths and disappearances during migration are increasingly difficult amid the pandemic. Therefore, the 1,200 figure above does not include what IOM estimates are many more deaths linked to COVID-19 cases among migrant workers due to mobility restrictions and lockdowns. “The lack of focus on migration-related issues means that the true number of migrant deaths is likely much higher,” said Frank Laczko, director of IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC). “The fact that these numbers do not include deaths of foreign workers due to COVID-19 – which few countries currently publish – makes it difficult to know the true impact of the pandemic on migrants.”

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#mortalité#statistique#travailleurmigrant#confinement#accessante#sante#frontiere