• Lettre mondiale condamnant la proposition de loi visant à décriminaliser le système prostitutionnel dans l’État de Victoria, en Australie

    Nos alliées abolitionnistes en Australie ont besoin de notre soutien et souhaitent qu’on joigne nos voix aux leurs pour condamner la proposition de loi visant à décriminaliser totalement la prostitution dans l’Etat de Victoria en Australie. Ce projet de loi est actuellement en discussion et a de bonnes chances d’être adopté.

    Vous pouvez signer ce courrier condamnant le projet de loi de décriminalisation totale (en pièce jointe + traduction en français) en remplissant ce google doc avant le 26 août

    https://entreleslignesentrelesmots.blog/2021/08/25/lettre-mondiale-condamnant-la-proposition-de-loi-visant

    #prostitution #féminisme #australie

  • Kurdish refugee sues Australian government for alleged unlawful imprisonment in #Melbourne hotels

    Mostafa ‘Moz’ Azimitabar seeks damages for detention over 14 months in case that could carry implications for hundreds of asylum seekers

    https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jul/30/kurdish-refugee-sues-australian-government-for-alleged-unlawful-impriso

    Ajouté à la métaliste sur #migrations et #tourisme :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/770799
    #hôtel #Australie #détention

  • Il aura fallu trois jours pour éteindre l’incendie de la méga-batterie Tesla en Australie
    Préparons-nous à ce nouveau type de catastrophe.
    https://korii.slate.fr/tech/technologie-incendie-mega-batterie-tesla-neoen-australie-victoria-pompie
    Repéré par Thomas Burgel sur The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/aug/02/tesla-big-battery-fire-in-victoria-burns-into-day-three

    Il y a quelques semaines, des experts britanniques tiraient la sonnette d’alarme : les « fermes à batteries » installées à tour de bras un peu partout dans le pays pour compenser les intermittences des énergies renouvelables constituaient de véritables bombes à retardement https://korii.slate.fr/tech/technologie-fermes-batteries-stockage-lithium-ion-danger-incendies-explo .

    Ce risque d’explosion et d’incendie est depuis longtemps connu pour la technologie lithium-ion, mais les exemples sont effectivement appelés à se multiplier. Comme fin juillet à Moorabool dans l’État de la Victoria en Australie, où une « méga-batterie » Tesla de 13 tonnes a explosé puis pris feu https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/30/22602411/neoen-tesla-megapack-fire-victorian-big-battery , mettant les soldats du feu du cru dans une position délicate.

    D’une puissance de 300 MW et produite par la firme française Neoen https://www.lesechos.fr/industrie-services/energie-environnement/tesla-et-le-francais-neoen-veulent-construire-une-nouvelle-batterie-geante- , la « Victorian Big Battery » était en cours d’installation et en phase de tests initiaux https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-30/fire-erupts-at-tesla-big-battery-in-australia-during-testing . L’incident n’a heureusement fait aucun blessé ni mort, et n’a pas impacté la fourniture énergétique de la Victoria.

    Il n’a cependant pas été sans conséquence : une alerte aux fumées toxiques a été émise par les autorités pour les communautés avoisinantes, auxquelles il a été demandé de soigneusement se calfeutrer https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/fire-breaks-out-during-testing-of-victorian-big-battery-near-geelong-2021073 pour éviter tout risque d’intoxication.

    Une première, pas la dernière
    « Il nous semble que c’est la première fois au monde que nous devons faire face à l’incendie d’une méga-batterie », a expliqué Ian Beswicke, chef des pompiers de la zone repris par The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/aug/02/tesla-big-battery-fire-in-victoria-burns-into-day-three .

    « Ces feux de méga-packs sont complexes à combattre, car on ne peut pas se contenter de les noyer sous l’eau : ça ne fait que prolonger la durée de l’incendie. »

    Les soldats du feu ont donc pris conseil auprès d’experts de la chose, à commencer par ceux de Tesla. La solution ? Refroidir ce qui entoure l’incendie pour éviter la contagion, et attendre que la chose se consume d’elle-même.

    C’est ce que les pompiers ont fait. Il aura finalement fallu plus de trois jours pour qu’ils puissent déclarer l’incident sous contrôle, et qu’ils commencent à surveiller la zone en cas de récidive.

    Le temps de l’enquête peut désormais advenir : ces batteries géantes étant appelées à se multiplier partout dans le monde, ses conclusions seront sans doute scrutées de très près.

    #fermes_à_batteries #batteries #méga-batteries #Australie #Neoen #méga-packs #pompiers #incendies #Tesla et ses #batteries de merde #elon_musk #énergie #technologie #innovation #technologisme #électricité #transhumanisme

  • Best Record Stores in Melbourne, Australia | Discogs
    https://blog.discogs.com/en/best-record-stores-melbourne-australia

    Melbourne — known for its amazing selection of food and coffee, AFL (a strange game where people in the smallest shorts imaginable kick an egg-shaped ball around a giant egg-shaped park), and general quality of life — may not be the country’s capital, but when it comes to music, Melbourne holds the crown for the best scene in Australia.

    From non-stop gigs in every corner of the city to the sheer abundance of record stores, from the dirtiest punk 45s to blues, techno, dub, opera, and beyond — if it’s on wax, you are bound to find it in one of the city’s legendary shops.

    Even if you’re not sure what you are looking for, drop in and have a chat with your local record hustler. They have a magical knack for knowing what you want before you do! Let us take a short peek at the best record stores in Melbourne, Australia. You can find even more amazing stores on Vinylhub, the online record store database.

    #Melbourne #musique #vinyles #disquaires

  • Expats make waves surfing out the pandemic on Bali - Asia Times
    https://asiatimes.com/2021/07/expats-make-waves-surfing-out-the-pandemic-on-bali

    Expats make waves surfing out the pandemic on Bali
    Over 100,000 foreigners mostly on visitor visas are living on the resort island despite being closed to tourism for over a year
    JAKARTA – Travelling around sun-drenched southern Bali in these otherwise dark pandemic days, there are so many scantily-clad foreign motorcyclists careening in and out of traffic it is difficult to believe the holiday island has been closed to foreign tourism for the past 16 months.In fact, according to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, more than 109,800 foreigners from 133 countries are still living in Bali, including 2,246 permanent residents, 29,070 holding temporary stay permits and a whopping 78,485 on visitor visas.Russia leads the nationality list, followed by the United States, Australia, Britain, France, Germany, Ukraine the Netherlands and Canada — far different from a normal tourism year when Australia and China contribute to a significant majority of Bali’s six million annual foreign tourists.Some of Bali’s attraction lies in the fact that the island hasn’t been hit as hard by the pandemic as neighboring Java. Even though new infections have risen over the past month from 100 to as much as 500 a day, the number of daily deaths remains in single figures, according to official data.That may be partly because the island has the highest rate of Covid-19 vaccinations in Indonesia – a deliberate government strategy aimed at trying to include Bali in international travel bubbles. About 70% of a targeted three million people have already received at least one jab.
    The latest surge, however, has prompted the local government to close beaches and restaurants, and do its best to reduce mobility, measures that have produced only mixed results on an island where the motorcycle is king.Daily religious ceremonies are ongoing, though supposedly confined to 50 people, and persuading tourists to wear masks and maintain other health protocols is proving difficult to enforce, with the 12,000 stay-behind Australians losing their bad behavior reputation to the Russians.More than 111,000 Russians visited Bali in 2019 looking for relief from their harsh winter. While it is not clear how many remain, police are finding they are the most troublesome to control on a range of levels.Over half of the 157 foreigners who ran afoul of the law last year held Russian citizenship, according to police data. Among the 59 to be deported were two yoga instructors, who had held a mass yoga session in the hill resort town of Ubud.That trend has continued this year. Authorities took a dim view of a young Russian so-called “influencer” after he posted a video on his website showing him jumping off a pier on a motorcycle, a bikini-clad girl clinging on behind him.Another Russian influencer, Leia Se, was deported in May after posting video footage of herself wearing a painted surgical mask to dupe store guards after she and a friend were earlier refused entry because Se was unmasked.
    Among others to be given their marching orders last year were two American women who tweeted about Bali being a cheap LGBTQ-friendly destination. Their crime, according to immigration officials, was “spreading information that could unsettle the public.”Most of those who have been deported were accused of disrupting public order, overstaying their visas and misusing stay permits, including providing false information on their visa applications. Once the center of an industry that in 2019 earned the island US$8 billion in foreign exchange, Kuta is now largely deserted, losing its title to Seminyak and Canggu as the most popular hang-outs for young foreigners along the west coast tourist strip.
    When tourism returns, that’s where the action will be. But plans to re-open the island at the end of this month have died with the worst eruption in new Covid-19 infections since March last year, when the government first shut the door on the island.Thousands of foreigners were stranded last year, but while many trickled back to their home countries on infrequent international flights, others elected to stay, facilitated by sympathetic authorities who no doubt saw it as a small way to help keep the economy ticking over. Those that are left are a mixed batch. Apart from a small minority of long-term residents and refugee families from Covid-hit Jakarta, they may be living off trust funds and wealthy parents, struggling to make ends meet as small-scale business people or fall into the category of “digital nomads”, a whole new class of tourist involved in everything from bitcoin trading to art therapy and online hypnotism.Bali is already a world-leading destination for digital nomads, second only to Barcelona in one survey. Regional competition comes from places like Phuket and Chiang Mai in Thailand, and Vietnam’s Ho Chi Minh City, where one of the prerequisites is always a fast internet. A beach helps, too.Tourism Minister Sandiaga Uno, a former vice-presidential candidate who moved his office to Bali to oversee the island’s revival, wants to eventually attract more of the nomads with a new long-term visa that would allow foreign tourists to stay for up to five years.
    (...)The minister has already invited people from across Indonesia to work and study in Bali. Among those who have already moved there are several Jakarta-based foreign businessmen, lured by the prospect of their children being able to attend international schools, rather than learn remotely as they have done for a year now.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#indonesie#france#russie#etatsunis#sante#bali#digitalnomades#expatries#etranger#australie#grandebretagne#allemagne#ukraine#hollande#Canada#economie#tourisme

  • UK to block #visas for countries refusing to take back asylum seekers

    Bill would give home secretary power to take action against citizens of countries deemed not to be cooperating.

    The UK will block visas for visitors from countries the home secretary believes are refusing to cooperate in taking back rejected asylum seekers or offenders.

    In proposed legislation published on Tuesday, #Priti_Patel and future home secretaries would have the power to suspend or delay the processing of applications from countries that do no “cooperate with the UK government in relation to the removal from the United Kingdom of nationals of that country who require leave to enter or remain in the United Kingdom but do not have it”.

    The clause in the nationality and borders bill also allows for the home secretary to impose additional financial requirements for visa applications – that is, an increase in fees – if countries do not cooperate.

    The proposals mirror US legislation that allows officials to withdraw visa routes from countries that refuse to take back undocumented migrants. It is understood that countries such as Iraq, Iran, Eritrea and Sudan are reluctant to cooperate with the UK on such matters.

    The change is one of many in the bill, described as “the biggest overhaul of the UK’s asylum system in decades” by Patel, which includes measures such as:

    - Asylum seekers deemed to have arrived in the UK illegally will no longer have the same entitlements as those who arrive in the country via legal routes. Even if their claim is successful, they will be granted temporary refugee status and face the prospect of being indefinitely liable for removal.

    - Asylum seekers will be able to be removed from the UK while their asylum claim or appeal is pending, which opens the door to offshore asylum processing.

    - For those deemed to have arrived illegally, access to benefits and family reunion rights could be limited.

    – The appeals and judicial process will be changed to speed up the removal of those whose claims are refused.

    - The home secretary will be able to offer protection to vulnerable people in “immediate danger and at risk in their home country” in exceptional circumstances. It is thought this will be used to help a small number of people.

    – The system will be made “much harder for people to be granted refugee status based on unsubstantiated claims” and will include “rigorous age assessments” to stop adults pretending to be children. The government is considering the use of bone scanners to determine age.

    - Life sentences will be brought in as a maximum penalty for people-smugglers.

    - Foreign criminals who breach deportation orders and return to the UK could be jailed for up to five years instead of the current six months.

    – A new one-stop legal process is proposed so that asylum, human rights claims and any other protection matters are made and considered together before appeal hearings.

    Campaigners have dubbed the proposed legislation the “anti-refugee bill”, claiming it will penalise those who need help the most.

    Analysis of Home Office data by the Refugee Council suggests 9,000 people who would be accepted as refugees under current rules – those confirmed to have fled war or persecution following official checks – may no longer be given safety in the UK due to their means of arrival under the changes.

    The charity’s chief executive, Enver Solomon, said that for decades people had taken “extraordinary measures to flee oppression”, but had gone on to become “law-abiding citizens playing by the rules and paying their taxes as proud Britons”.

    Steve Valdez-Symonds, refugee and migrants rights programme director at Amnesty International UK, branded the bill “legislative vandalism”, claimed it could “fatally undermine the right to asylum” and accused Patel of a “shameful dereliction of duty”, adding: “This reckless and deeply unjust bill is set to bring shame on Britain’s international reputation.”

    Sonya Sceats, chief executive of Freedom from Torture, described the plans as “dripping with cruelty” and an “affront to the caring people in this country who want a kinder, fairer approach to refugees”.

    More than 250 organisations – including the Refugee Council, the British Red Cross, Freedom from Torture, Refugee Action and Asylum Matters – have joined to form the coalition Together with Refugees to call for a more effective, fair and humane approach to asylum in the UK.

    https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jul/06/uk-to-block-visas-from-countries-refusing-to-take-back-undocumented-mig

    #asile #migrations #réfugiés #chantage #visas #UK #Angleterre

    La loi comprend aussi une disposition concernant l’#externalisation des #procédures_d'asile :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/918427

    Une des dispositions rappelle la loi de l’#excision_territoriale (#Australie) :

    Asylum seekers deemed to have arrived in the UK illegally will no longer have the same entitlements as those who arrive in the country via legal routes. Even if their claim is successful, they will be granted temporary refugee status and face the prospect of being indefinitely liable for removal.

    voir :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/901628#message901630
    https://seenthis.net/messages/416996
    #modèle_australien

    #offshore_asylum_processing
    #Irak #Iran #Erythrée #Sudan #réfugiés_irakiens #réfugiés_iraniens #réfugiés_soudanais #réfugiés_érythréens #réfugiés_soudanais #regroupement_familial #aide_sociale #procédure_d'asile #recours #mineurs #âge #tests_osseux #criminels_étrangers #rétention #détention_administrative #anti-refugee_bill

    ping @isskein @karine4

  • En Australie, 620 personnes évacuées d’une prison à cause d’une invasion de souris
    https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/cohabitation-en-australie-620-personnes-evacuees-dune-prison-

    Depuis plusieurs mois, l’Australie mène une guerre ouverte contre les #souris. Les rongeurs viennent de remporter une bataille dans l’État de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, raconte CNN. Dépassé par une invasion massive, le centre correctionnel de Wellington a été contraint d’évacuer au moins 420 détenus et 200 membres du personnel, ce mardi 21 juin.

    La cohabitation difficile avec le nuisible a déjà causé “des millions de dollars de dégâts aux récoltes et aux machines” dans le pays depuis août 2020, note le site d’information américain. Cette fois ce sont le câblage interne et les panneaux des faux plafonds du bâtiment qui ont été gravement endommagés, conduisant les services de la prison à transférer les détenus vers d’autres centres.

    “La santé, la sécurité et le bien-être du personnel comme des détenus sont notre priorité numéro un”, a déclaré Peter Severin, un responsable de la #prison. “Il est donc primordial d’agir maintenant pour effectuer les travaux vitaux.” Et notamment prévoir une protection renforcée contre les rongeurs.

    Entouré de cultures agricoles, le centre correctionnel de Wellington a été envahi par les souris “à la recherche de nourriture et d’abris alors que les températures baissaient à l’extérieur”, explique un membre de l’organisme gouvernemental australien pour la recherche scientifique (CSIRO).

    Si le nombre important de ces rongeurs n’est pas un phénomène nouveau en #Australie, les agriculteurs constatent que leur niveau de reproduction est “inhabituellement élevé par rapport aux années précédentes”. Une situation qui a récemment conduit les autorités à lever l’interdiction du #bromadiolone, un puissant #poison utilisé pour lutter contre cette “peste”.

    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromadiolone

    En 2011, dans le Puy-de-Dôme, des milans royaux, espèce protégée, empoisonnés à la bromadiolone ont été retrouvés morts par dizaines, malgré l’interdiction de ce produit. Un cercle vicieux est ainsi créé : plus on emploie ces produits et plus on détruit les prédateurs naturels qui contribuent à contenir l’expansion des rongeurs.

    https://www.actualites-news-environnement.com/27554-LPO-rapaces-menaces-bromadiolone.html

    22 rapaces, dont le très menacé milan royal, ont été retrouvés morts, en un mois, en Auvergne, dans des parcelles traitées à la bromadiolone.
    Il s’agit là d’une véritable hécatombe. La #LPO dénonce l’utilisation de ce poison anticoagulant aux effets, hélas bien connus, sur l’ensemble de la faune et exige une suspension immédiate des campagnes de traitements dans les zones fréquentées par ce rapace, peut on lire dans un communiqué de presse.
    Un cercle vicieux est ainsi créé : plus on emploie ces produits et plus on détruit les prédateurs naturels qui contribuent à contenir l’expansion des rongeurs.

  • Australia tightens border to curb virus outbreak - Asia Times
    https://asiatimes.com/2021/07/australia-tightens-border-to-curb-virus-outbreak

    Australia tightens border to curb virus outbreak
    Prime Minister says only 3,000 people will be allowed to enter Australia by the middle of July. Australia announced a dramatic cut in the number of people who will be allowed to enter the country Friday, as it struggles to contain coronavirus clusters that plunged major cities into lockdown.
    With almost half of the nation’s population under stay-at-home orders, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said quotas for overseas arrivals would be cut by about 50% to help prevent further outbreaks.Under the current “zero Covid” strategy, only 6,000 people are allowed to enter Australia on overseas commercial flights each week and arrivals must undergo mandatory two weeks hotel quarantine.That quota will be cut to about 3,000 by the middle of July, Morrison indicated, although the government will at the same time step up its private repatriation flights.Morrison announced the decision amid growing anger over repeated snap lockdowns, the leakiness of hotel quarantine facilities and what critics have dubbed a vaccine “stroll out.”
    More than 18 months into the pandemic, less than 8% of adults have been fully vaccinated.“This is a difficult time when people are dealing with restriction,” Morrison said. “There is still quite a journey ahead of us.”
    Sydney, Brisbane and Perth are now in lockdown – a total of about 10 million people – in an effort to suppress outbreaks that delivered 27 new local cases on Thursday.Although shutdowns are being lifted in Alice Springs, Darwin and Queensland’s Gold Coast, the clusters continue to grow, particularly in Sydney.Trying to address growing anger at the prospect of border restrictions entering their second year, Morrison previewed a “new deal” that would shift the country’s strategy from suppressing coronavirus to managing it.The government, he said, would soon adopt vaccination targets, which when reached, would allow the gradual opening of borders and a return to normal life.He indicated borders would open first for vaccinated Australians and overseas travelers, who could also be subject to reduced quarantine requirements.The vaccination targets are likely to be set by scientific advisors rather than politicians.
    “If you get vaccinated, you get to change how we live as a country, you get to change how you live in Australia,” Morrison said.Before the pandemic began, about 260,000 people entered Australia each week, and citizens were free to travel overseas.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#australie#sante#retour#vaccination#quota#quarantaine#circulation#frontiere

  • Australia to halve international arrival cap as Scott Morrison unveils four-stage Covid exit plan | Coronavirus | The Guardian
    http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/02/australia-to-halve-international-arrival-cap-as-scott-morrison-unveils-
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/0786d7d958ba710d4afb2a51fdf02dcdf1318ba7/281_637_5018_3011/master/5018.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    Australia to halve international arrival cap as Scott Morrison unveils four-stage Covid exit plan. Prime minister says it may take until 2022 before moving to next phase, which would see focus on reducing hospitalisations rather than coronavirus cases
    The number of international flight arrivals into Australia will be halved nationwide in a blow to Australians stranded abroad, while Scott Morrison attempts to reassure the public that the federal government is working with states and territories on a plan out of the Covid crisis.The prime minister called on Australians to “get vaccinated” in order to “change how we live as a country” – but he indicated it might take until next year to reach the next stage of the four-stage opening-up plan.The cuts to caps on international arrivals aim to reduce the pressure on hotel quarantine facilities and are in line with increasingly loud calls from a number of states – but the move was not the preferred approach of the New South Wales premier, Gladys Berejiklian, nor Morrison.
    Speaking after a meeting with state and territory leaders on Friday, Morrison said the halving of the caps would not necessarily prevent further breaches of infection control – but “it is believed that is a prudent action” because of the increased virulency of the Delta variant.That will see the weekly cap on international passenger arrivals into Australia tighten from 6,070 to 3,035 by 14 July. Within those numbers, the cap on arrivals into Sydney – which takes about half of all arrivals into Australia – will go from 3,010 to 1,505.
    Morrison said leaders wanted to “try to minimise the disruption for people with already planned flights”. There are currently 34,000 Australians registered with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade as wishing to return from overseas.People arriving on federal government-organised flights into Australia, and who quarantine for two weeks at the Howard Springs site in the Northern Territory, are already outside the flight cap numbers, so those arrivals are unaffected by the announcement.
    Morrison said the federal government would seek to “ramp up” the number of people arriving on facilitated flights in the coming weeks, noting there had been “a dip in demand” on such flights in recent times.He conceded the planned increase in the use of Howard Springs “can’t fully ameliorate the impact of the reduction of 50%, particularly out of Sydney” – but he rejected the suggestion it would be a “drop in the ocean”.He praised NSW for its “extraordinary effort” in carrying half the load of returning Australians. He also said the government planned to “trial and pilot with individual jurisdictions, the introduction of alternative quarantine options, including home quarantine for returning vaccinated travellers”.
    Morrison used the post-national cabinet press conference – his first since leaving home quarantine at the Lodge in Canberra after his overseas travel – to attempt to give Australians a sense of hope about moving away from lockdowns and internal border closures, albeit not in the short term.
    Amid mounting pressure over the federal government’s handling of the vaccination rollout, Morrison said the national cabinet had discussed “a new deal for Australians today to get us to the other side” of the pandemic.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#australie#sante#retour#quarantaine#vaccination#frontiere#frontiereinterieure#pandemie#variant

  • Sydney in lockdown, borders shut and hardly anyone vaccinated. How long can Australia go on like this? - CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/27/australia/sydney-lockdown-australia-covid-pandemic-intl-cmd/index.html

    Sydney in lockdown, borders shut and hardly anyone vaccinated. How long can Australia go on like this?
    Australia was celebrated for its initial response to the Covid-19 pandemic, and for getting its economy more or less back on track long ago.
    But with that security has come complacency, particularly in the federal government, which failed to secure enough vaccine doses to prevent the regular “circuit breaker” lockdowns that come every time a handful of cases emerge, or even the longer restrictions that Sydney is experiencing now. Australia’s borders, controlled by strict quarantine measures, have been all but shut for more than a year.
    Now Australians, who basked in their early successes, are wondering how much longer this can go on. We can’t leave the country, people can’t come in, and we end up periodically in lockdowns, which cost a friggin’ fortune," said Powditch. People have been accepting that this is a diabolically difficult situation, but once we start watching the rest of the world open up, we’re going to turn to anger over the way things like vaccines have been rolled out here."Already there are signs that Australians are getting weary of these sporadic disruptions to their lives. On Sunday, large crowds were seen on Bondi Beach, despite the stay-at-home orders. While outdoor exercise is allowed, images from Bondi showed people bathing in the winter sun and sitting on benches with drinks.
    A 48-hour lockdown was also imposed in parts of Australia’s Northern Territory, including its capital, Darwin, after four Covid-19 cases were linked to a worker at a gold mine. He is believed to have become infected during an overnight stay at a quarantine hotel in Brisbane. Now painstaking efforts to trace all 900 workers who have left the mine for cities across Australia over recent days are under way, as the country relies heavily on a robust track-and-trace system to keep clusters contained.
    Australia has recorded just 910 deaths in its population of 25 million, one of the lowest per capita death tolls in the developed world, and cases have remained low as well.While it beat much of the world in getting its economy back up and running, its tourism sector has taken a massive hit, its universities are struggling without the fees international students usually bring and some Australians, who travel abroad in relatively high numbers, are starting to feel the itch to go on holidays overseas.
    Even New Zealand — the only country with which Australians had an open travel corridor — announced a three-day suspension of quarantine-free travel between the nations starting Saturday because of the outbreaks.
    Australia has fully vaccinated just over 4% of its population, compared with more than 46% in the US and 47% in the UK, according to Our World in Data. Its rates are more comparable with Indonesia and India, which, like much of the developing world, were left out of the agreements with pharmaceutical companies that secured hundreds of millions of vaccine doses for most of the rich world.
    Compounding the problem is hesitancy towards Covid-19 vaccines in Australia. One survey by The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age, with research firm Resolve Strategic, found 15% of adults surveyed were “not at all likely” and 14% were “not very likely” to take a vaccination in the months ahead. Australian officials have said they hope to reach herd immunity — the point at which about 80% of the population is vaccinated — before reopening its borders. Prime Minister Morrison earlier said that may not be until mid-2022. More recently, he was even unable to commit to a Christmas 2022 reopening.In a question to the Prime Minister, journalists on Channel 9’s Today program on Thursday suggested that Morrison and his slow vaccine rollout were responsible for the ongoing lockdowns.
    Morrison replied by saying an increase in supply “will really kick in next month in July,” and that 600,000 Pfizer doses were due in next week.
    The government has also been criticized for leaving about 36,000 Australians stranded overseas. Caps on arrivals to the country have made booking seats on flights difficult and expensive, and the cost of quarantine is in the thousands of dollars. It’s the responsibility of the person arriving to foot the bill.
    It’s just as hard for some living in Australia to get out. If someone from overseas has Australian citizenship or permanent residence, they need a government exemption to leave the country.The result is not just holidays lost, but lost time with family and friends.At the last census in 2016, around half the people living in Australia were either born abroad or had at least one parent born overseas.One Brisbane resident from Canada, who is working in a hospital in health care, is hoping a speedier vaccine program will mean fewer border controls and, hopefully, a trip back home.
    “I’m originally from Canada, and don’t know when I will see my family again. Honestly, I think at least 2 years,” the health care worker wrote in a message to CNN."We’re so frustrated! The vaccination process is ridiculous. I’m a health care worker in the top list of people and there was so much confusion. We were told to email and that we’d be contacted when our appointment was ... then we’re told just to show up because that program was actually not recording anything," she said."It’s still only open to [people age] 50+ even though spreaders are averaging 20-30 years of age. We’re sick of lockdowns, knowing the vaccine is out there."And for some residents with strong ties abroad, there are more serious implications to this global isolation.
    Katerina Vavrinec, a 34-year-old from the Czech Republic living in Sydney, said she has sought counseling for mental health issues arising from the separation from her friends and family, and the anxiety that has come with it. She hasn’t been to her home city of Prague for three years.
    “Keeping borders shut is going to have a huge impact on people’s mental health,” she said, pointing to the high number of Australians with family ties overseas. "So this is going to have huge impact on the mental health of millions of people."Vavrinec is on maternity leave and due to return to work in just over a week, though she’s not sure what that will look like in lockdown. But she’s found a silver lining."I’m actually quite happy that we’re in lockdown because I’ve been quite frustrated with the indefinite border closures. So I’m hoping that the lockdown forces people to realize that completely isolating Australia from rest of the world is not going to get us out of this."

    #COvid-19#migrant#migration#australie#nouvellezelande#sante@confinement#frontiere#circulation#santementale#confinement#quarantaine#retour#famille

  • Le monde vu de Canberra en 2010 : quelque part en bas, enjeux géopolitique australiens
    https://visionscarto.net/monde-vu-de-canberra

    Titre : Le monde vu de Canberra en 2010 : quelque part en bas, enjeux géopolitique australiens Mots-clés : #archives #australie #asie_du_sud_est #océanie #géopolitique Contexte : Série « Le monde vu de... » dans le Monde diplomatique de mars 2010 page 20 et 21 Source : - Auteur : Philippe Rekacewicz Date : 2010 Esquisses préparatoires 1 et 2 #Musée_et_archives

  • Pourquoi l’#Unesco agace l’#Australie en voulant classer la Grande #Barrière_de_corail « en danger » | Le HuffPost
    https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/pourquoi-lunesco-agace-laustralie-en-voulant-classer-la-grande-barrie

    L’Australie contestera le projet de l’Unesco d’inscrire la Grande Barrière de corail sur la liste des sites “en danger” du patrimoine mondial en raison de sa dégradation provoquée par le changement climatique, a annoncé le gouvernement ce mardi 22 juin.

    L’Unesco a publié lundi un rapport préliminaire recommandant de rétrograder le statut de la Grande Barrière de corail, inscrite au patrimoine mondial depuis 1981, à cause de sa détérioration, pour beaucoup due à la récurrence des épisodes de blanchissement des coraux, une conséquence des bouleversements climatiques.

    Pour les organisations de défense de l’environnement, cette recommandation témoigne d’un manque de volonté du gouvernement en matière de réduction des émissions de carbone.

    “Je conviens que le changement climatique mondial constitue la plus grande menace pour les récifs coralliens mais il est erroné, à notre avis, de désigner le récif le mieux géré au monde pour une liste (de sites) ‘en danger’”, a déclaré la ministre de l’Environnement australienne, Susan Ley.

    L’Australie s’organisera pour contester ce projet, une “volte-face” après “de précédentes assurances de responsables de l’ONU”, a affirmé Susan Ley dans un communiqué, à un mois de la prochaine session du comité du patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, prévue en juillet depuis la Chine.

    Selon elle, la décision de l’Unesco ne tient pas compte des milliards de dollars dépensés pour tenter de protéger la Barrière, située au nord-est de l’Australie. Elle “envoie un mauvais signal à des pays qui ne réalisent pas les investissements que nous faisons dans la protection des récifs coralliens”, a argué la ministre.
    “Forte déception” australienne

    Le rapport préliminaire souligne cependant les efforts de l’Australie pour améliorer la qualité des récifs, notamment sur un plan financier. Mais il regrette “que les perspectives à long terme pour l’écosystème (de la Barrière) se soient encore détériorées, passant de médiocres à très médiocres”, faisant notamment référence à deux épisodes de blanchissement en 2016 et 2017.

    La ministre australienne a affirmé avoir eu un entretien dans la nuit de lundi à mardi avec la directrice générale de l’Unesco, Audrey Azoulay, pour lui faire part de “notre forte déception”.

    L’inscription sur la liste des sites en danger n’est pas considérée comme une sanction par l’Unesco. Certains pays y voient même un moyen de sensibiliser la communauté internationale et de contribuer à la sauvegarde de leur patrimoine.

    L’Australie n’a pas fixé d’objectif de neutralité carbone d’ici 2050. Le Premier ministre conservateur Scott Morrison avait affirmé que le pays espérait l’atteindre “dès que possible”, sans mettre en péril les emplois et les entreprises. L’Australie est un des plus importants importateurs au monde de charbon et de gaz naturel.

    Pour l’organisation de défense de l’environnement Climate Council, la recommandation de l’Unesco couvre “de honte le gouvernement fédéral, qui reste passif devant le déclin du récif corallien au lieu de le protéger”.

    Elle “montre clairement et sans équivoque que le gouvernement australien ne fait pas assez pour protéger notre plus grand atout naturel, en particulier contre le changement climatique”, a commenté de son côté le responsable des océans pour le WWF, Richard Leck.
    Valeur inestimable du récif

    Outre sa valeur inestimable d’un point de vue naturel ou scientifique, on estime que l’ensemble corallien qui s’étend sur 2300 kilomètres de long, génère 4,8 milliards de dollars américains de revenus pour le secteur touristique australien.

    En décembre, l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN) avait affirmé que le changement climatique constituait la plus grande menace pour les merveilles de la nature et la Grande Barrière avait rejoint la liste des sites classés “critiques”.

    Pour Imogen Zethoven, consultante au sein de l’Australian Marine Conservation Society, ce rapport préliminaire montre à quel point limiter le réchauffement à +1,5°C est essentiel à la sauvegarde de ce joyau. Elle estime que les données climatiques relevées en l’Australie correspondent plutôt à une hausse de 2,5 à 3°C de la température, niveau qui conduira “inévitablement” à la “destruction de la Grande Barrière et de tous les récifs coralliens du monde”.

    La Grande Barrière a déjà connu trois épisodes de blanchissement en cinq ans alors que la moitié des coraux ont disparu, depuis 1995, en raison de la hausse de la température de l’eau. Le blanchissement est un phénomène de dépérissement qui se traduit par une décoloration. Il est provoqué par la hausse de la température de l’eau qui entraîne l’expulsion des algues symbiotiques qui donnent au corail sa couleur vive.

    La Barrière a également été touchée par plusieurs cyclones et est aussi menacée par les ruissellements agricoles et par l’acanthaster pourpre, une étoile de mer dévoreuse de coraux.

  • Coronavirus: Delta variant fears leave India’s international students struggling to get back to class in the US, Australia | South China Morning Post
    https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3138199/delta-variant-fears-leave-indias-international

    Coronavirus: Delta variant fears leave India’s international students struggling to get back to class in the US, Australia. The world has reacted to India’s deadly second wave of Covid-19 by putting in place a web of regulations, visa delays and travel bans. Now, as Western universities prepare to restart in-person lectures, many of these students risk being stranded. An Indian health worker administers the Covishield vaccine to a student pr
    Saif Ali Khan is fully vaccinated and all set to start a postgraduate engineering course in the United States– but he’s worried.The 22-year-old from Aurangabad has received two shots of Covaxin, India
    ’s home-made vaccine, which the Michigan-based university does not recognise as it has not been approved by the World Health Organization
    nor authorised for use in the US. Students entering the US must show they tested negative for Covid-19 within 72 hours of departure, but vaccination is not mandatory. However, some universities want students living on campus to be fully inoculated, leading to growing concerns they will be required to get revaccinated – an issue Indian foreign secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla reportedly raised with acting US ambassador Daniel Smith earlier this month.“I am not keen to mix up vaccines because my body may react adversely to it,” Khan said. “I would avoid re-vaccination if the university allows it.” Khan is one of thousands of young Indians whose plans to study abroad this year have been entangled in a web of regulations, travel bans and delayed visa applications as the world reacts to India’s deadly second wave of coronavirus infections.Anuj Poddar, 25, an analytical engineer from Mumbai, is another. He plans to start a Master’s in computer science in Massachusetts, and has already quit his job – but he is still frantically trying to obtain a visa to enter the US. His appointment at the US consulate in May was cancelled because of India’s increased number of Covid-19 cases. After visa applications were reopened, Poddar spent 15 hours on the consulate’s website across five days and managed to book an appointment for August 31. He needs to be on campus by September 8 – if not, he will need to start the course online or seek permission to join late.
    India launches free vaccines for all adults as Modi hails benefits of yoga
    21 Jun 2021
    “For an online class, I have to pay US$50,000, the same tuition fee that I would pay for in-person classes, and pursuing the course online won’t be of much help academically,” Poddar said. “So I have been trying to look for an earlier slot so that I have enough time to book the airline tickets and join the class on time.” During the height of the pandemic last year, students from all over the world dialled in from home to learn online. Now, as universities in the US, Britain, Australia and Canada prepare to restart in-person lectures, many of India’s hundreds of thousands of international students risk being stranded. The US, for example, has limited the number of direct flights from India and banned entry for anyone who has spent 14 days in India before travelling. Students are exempt from the ban, but many have nonetheless been forced to take longer flights or unusual routes via Muscat or Belgrade. Other students enrolled in Canadian and Australian universities have not been exempt from the travel ban, meaning they must wait indefinitely before being allowed to attend classes. According to India’s Ministry of External Affairs, the number of Indians studying abroad dropped 55 per cent last year, but that has recovered this year as 72,000 students left for foreign universities in January and February. In 2019-20, about 193,000 Indian students were attending university in the US, while more than 49,700 Indian students were issued visas to study in Britain

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#inde#etatsunis#australie#grandebretagne#sante#etudiant#circulation#frontiere#vaccination#test

  • Covid-19 : confinement immédiat pour les plus de cinq millions d’habitants de Melbourne
    https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/05/27/covid-19-confinement-immediat-pour-les-plus-de-cinq-millions-d-habitants-de-

    Covid-19 : confinement immédiat pour les plus de cinq millions d’habitants de Melbourne. Les habitants de Melbourne et de l’Etat de Victoria, en Australie, ont reçu l’ordre de se confiner à la suite de l’apparition d’un foyer de Covid-19 dû au variant dit indien.Depuis jeudi 27 mai à minuit, plus de cinq millions d’habitants de Melbourne, la deuxième plus grande ville d’Australie, ont reçu l’ordre de se confiner à la suite de l’apparition d’un foyer de Covid-19 dû au variant dit « indien ».Ce confinement de sept jours concerne la ville de Melbourne, ainsi que l’Etat de Victoria qui l’entoure, a déclaré le premier ministre par intérim de cet Etat, James Merlino, alors que le nombre de cas liés à ce cluster a doublé, passant à 26. « Nous avons affaire à une souche hautement infectieuse du virus, un variant inquiétant, qui se propage plus rapidement que ce que nous avons jamais enregistré », a souligné M. Merlino. Ce variant B.1.617, détecté en Inde pour la première fois, manifeste une transmissibilité accrue. Il se serait propagé par le biais d’un voyageur de retour de l’étranger. Les écoles, les bars et les restaurants vont fermer, tout rassemblement sera interdit alors que le port du masque sera à nouveau obligatoire.
    La Nouvelle-Zélande a déjà suspendu, mardi, les vols sans quarantaine depuis l’Etat de Victoria et les principales liaisons aériennes avec les autres Etats australiens ont été réduites.Cette mesure de confinement, destinée à avoir un effet « coupe-circuit », doit permettre aux autorités sanitaires de tracer au mieux les cas contacts. Durant une semaine, les habitants ne seront autorisés à quitter leur domicile que pour des besoins impérieux, notamment se faire vacciner.
    (...)L’opposition travailliste reproche au gouvernement de ne pas revoir le système de quarantaine, pour les voyageurs arrivant de l’étranger, qui a montré des défaillances. « Si nous avions eu une alternative à la quarantaine hôtelière (…), nous n’en serions pas là aujourd’hui », a déclaré M. Merlino.
    Le premier ministre, Scott Morrison, a balayé ces critiques, affirmant qu’« aucun système n’est infaillible » et que la lutte de l’Australie contre le coronavirus s’est révélée jusque-là particulièrement efficace. « Nous ferons tout ce que nous pouvons pour protéger la vie et les moyens de subsistance des Australiens, nous avons déjà perdu 910 personnes à cause du Covid-19 lors de cette pandémie. Bien sûr, ce chiffre est loin de ce que certains pays ont connu », a-t-il déclaré.M. Morrison a exhorté les Australiens éligibles à se faire vacciner, affirmant que le mode de vie « merveilleux et enviable » des Australiens pendant la majeure partie de la pandémie a rendu certains hésitants à se faire vacciner..

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#nouvellezelande#australie#confinement#quarantaine#circulation#frontiere#variant#hotel

  • #israël : Litzman formellement accusé d’obstruction à la justice et d’abus de confiance
    Le Procureur général n’inculpera pas le ministre pour corruption, alors que la police avait recommandé qu’il le soit dans l’affaire de la charcuterie insalubre


    Le ministre de la Santé Yaakov Litzman lors d’une conférence de presse sur le coronavirus au bureau du Premier ministre à Jérusalem, le 11 mars 2020. (Crédit : Flash90)

    Le Procureur général, Avichai Mandelblit, a décidé de poursuivre l’actuel ministre du Logement et de la Construction, Yaakov Litzman, pour obstruction à la justice et abus de confiance, en attendant une audience.

    Litzman est le chef de la faction Agudat Israël représentant les communautés hassidiques qui est l’une des composantes du parti Yahadout HaTorah, un partenaire clé du bloc de droite du Premier ministre Netanyahu.

    Élu à la Knesset en 1999, Litzman a été le chef de facto du ministère de la Santé pendant plus de dix ans, occupant le poste de ministre adjoint ou titulaire de la Santé de 2009 à la mi-2020.

    Les accusations en cours portent sur des soupçons selon lesquels M. Litzman a utilisé son ancien poste de ministre de la Santé pour empêcher l’extradition vers l’Australie, de Malka Leifer, une ancienne directrice d’une école orthodoxe de filles à Melbourne, accusée d’avoir agressé sexuellement des mineurs, et pour avoir empêché la fermeture d’une charcuterie insalubre.

    Mandelblit n’inculpera pas Litzman pour corruption, alors que la police avait recommandé qu’il le soit dans l’affaire de la charcuterie insalubre.

    Le bureau du ministre du Logement, Yaakov Litzman, a publié une déclaration réagissant à l’annonce du Procureur général Avichai Mandelblit.

    « Nous croyons en l’innocence totale du ministre M. Litzman », indique le communiqué, qui salue la décision de M. Mandelblit de ne pas inclure d’accusation de corruption.

    Son bureau affirme que M. Litzman se prépare à l’audience et que, « avec l’aide de Dieu », il ne sera pas inculpé au final.

    En janvier, Malka Leifer, qui possède la double nationalité australienne et israélienne avait été extradée d’Israël en Australie, après avoir été accusée d’avoir commis 74 agressions sexuelles sur des fillettes alors qu’elle était professeur et directrice de l’école Adass Israel à Melbourne.

    Source : https://fr.timesofisrael.com/litzman-formellement-accuse-dobstruction-a-la-justice-et-dabus-de-
    #pédophilie #santé #obstruction_à_la_justice #abus_de_confiance #Santé #viol #école #Australie #Melbourne #ministre #corruption #Malka_Leifer #corruption #netanyahu #yaakov_litzman l’aide de #dieu

  • Australie : Des diables de Tasmanie sont nés en pleine nature, 3.000 ans après leur disparition
    https://www.20minutes.fr/planete/3048507-20210526-australie-diables-tasmanie-nes-pleine-nature-3000-ans-apr

    C’est le retour des diables de Tasmanie en Australie. Ces marsupiaux disparus il y a 3.000 ans du pays sont nés en pleine nature sur l’immense île-continent dans le cadre d’un ambitieux programme de protection de l’espèce, ont annoncé lundi des associations. Une coalition d’organisations de protection de l’environnement a révélé que sept de ces mammifères carnivores étaient nés dans un sanctuaire de 400 hectares à Barrington Tops, à trois heures et demie au nord de Sydney (Sud-Est).
    Une espèce menacée par une grave forme de cancer contagieux

    C’est dans cet espace grillagé, pour les protéger de diverses menaces, comme les maladies ou la circulation automobile, que 26 diables adultes avaient été réintroduits il y a près d’un an, lors d’une opération alors présentée comme « historique ». Ce programme de conservation ex situ vise à créer une population préservée, le diable étant menacé sur l’île de Tasmanie par une grave forme de cancer contagieux.

    « Une fois que les diables étaient libérés dans la nature, c’était à eux de jouer, et c’était nerveusement éprouvant, a confié le président d’une des organisations, Aussie Ark, Tim Faulkner. Il a fallu observer de loin jusqu’à ce que l’on puisse y entrer et avoir confirmation de la naissance des premiers petits nés dans la nature. Quel moment ! »

    Des spécialistes ont pu inspecter les poches des femelles et constaté que les petits étaient « en parfaite santé ». D’autres examens auront lieu dans les semaines à venir.
    Décimés par les dingos il y a 3.000 ans en Australie

    Le diable de Tasmanie, aussi appelé « Sarcophilus harrisii », n’est pas dangereux pour l’homme ou le bétail mais se défend s’il est attaqué, pouvant provoquer de graves blessures. Ce marsupial nocturne à la fourrure noire ou brune, qui dégage une forte odeur quand il stresse, est frappé depuis 1996 par une maladie, la tumeur faciale transmissible du diable de Tasmanie (DFTD), fatale à presque 100 % et qui a décimé 85 % de sa population. L’espèce est désormais en danger d’extinction.

    Ce cancer contagieux – le cancer ne l’est normalement pas, sauf chez certaines espèces animales – se transmet via les morsures que s’infligent entre eux les diables, très agressifs et dotés de mâchoires puissantes, quand ils s’accouplent ou se battent.

    Les animaux meurent notamment de faim lorsque la tumeur atteint leur bouche, les empêchant de manger. On estime à 25.000 les diables vivant encore dans la nature, contre 150.000 avant l’apparition de cette maladie. En Australie continentale en revanche, ils ont vraisemblablement disparu il y a 3.000 ans, a priori décimés par les dingos.
    « C’est de bon augure »

    Pour Don Church, président de l’association Re : wild, ces naissances sont « l’un des signes les plus tangibles » de la réussite du projet de réintroduction. « C’est de bon augure, non seulement pour cette espèce en danger, mais aussi pour les autres espèces que nous pouvons sauver avec des programmes de ré-ensauvagement de l’Australie », a-t-il dit.

    Aussie Ark compte introduire davantage de diables dans le sanctuaire, de même que des dasyrus, des wallabies et des bandicoots. Avant peut-être d’introduire ces diables dans des zones non clôturées pour les soumettre à la concurrence de davantage d’espèces.

    Ce projet rappelle celui, emblématique, de la réintroduction du loup dans le parc américain de Yellowstone dans les années 1990, qui a, selon des experts, eu une cascade d’effets positifs : régénération des buissons en bord de rivières, stabilisation des cours d’eau, retour des oiseaux et castors…

  • New Zealanders Are Flooding Home. Will the Old Problems Push Them Back Out? - The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/24/world/asia/new-zealand-return-covid.html

    New Zealanders Are Flooding Home. Will the Old Problems Push Them Back Out? More than 50,000 have escaped the pandemic by moving back, offering the country a rare chance to regain talented citizens. But they are confronting entrenched housing and employment challenges.
    WELLINGTON, New Zealand — Like many New Zealanders before her, Cat Moody chased the broader horizons of life abroad, unsure if she would ever return to a homeland she saw as remote and limiting.But when the pandemic arrived, it “changed the calculus” of what she valued, she said. Suddenly, fresh air, natural splendor and a sparse population sounded more appealing, as did the sense of security in a country whose strict measures have all but vanquished Covid-19.In February, Ms. Moody, 42, left her house and the life she had built in Princeton, N.J., and moved back to New Zealand with her husband, a U.S. citizen. She is among more than 50,000 New Zealanders who have flocked home during the pandemic, offering the country a rare opportunity to win back some of its best and brightest.
    The unexpected influx of international experience and connections has led to local news reports heralding a societal and industrial renaissance. Policymakers are exhorting businesses to capitalize on the “fundamental competitive advantage” offered by the country’s success against the coronavirus. The question is how long the edge will last. While New Zealand may look from the outside like a liberal Eden, those returning to the country face some of the same pressures that provoked their departure, like sky-high housing costs, lagging wages and constricted job prospects.
    Given those issues and others, one out of every six New Zealanders lives abroad, a million people in all. Successive governments have pledged, without much success, to find ways to stanch the flood.For many, higher salaries, particularly in neighboring Australia, are a distinct draw. Another powerful force is the intractable housing shortage in New Zealand, which has vexed the current government, led by Jacinda Ardern, and its predecessors.New Zealand’s median house price increased by 19 percent in the 12 months that ended in April, and now stands at $576,000, or 800,000 New Zealand dollars, more than 60 percent higher than in the United States. Treasury figures released on Thursday project that house prices will peak in the middle of this year.
    Some of those who have returned to New Zealand will leave again as soon as the pandemic ends. Such was the lure last year of a coronavirus-free summer spent at crowded beaches and festivals that the government imposed quarantine fees starting at more than $2,000 on New Zealanders intending to make only short visits.And among those who intend to stay long term, many are cleareyed about the challenges.They had always planned to return to New Zealand Ms. Imam said. Their move was hastened not only by Covid-19 but also by the presidency of Donald J. Trump and the United States’ unresolved systemic racism, highlighted by last summer’s Black Lives Matter protests.
    Spending time overseas has long been a rite of passage for young New Zealanders like Ms. Imam. A large number — including, in her youth, Ms. Ardern — stay abroad only as long as visas or funds allow. But thousands of New Zealanders migrate overseas each year with little intention of returning — at least before starting a family or retiring, and therefore ending the hunt for faster-paced careers or higher wages abroad.The country typically posts a net loss of thousands or tens of thousands of citizens each year, with its overall population growth fueled by migrants. The pandemic has brought a stark reversal. In 2020, New Zealand posted a yearly net gain of thousands of citizens for the first time since the 1970s, the country’s statistics bureau said.Modeling by the bureau projects that 23,000 of the New Zealanders who returned home from living abroad during the year ending in March 2021 will stay for at least 12 months. By contrast, 7,800 citizens moved overseas. The Ardern government has announced no specific measures aimed at retaining citizens who return. But it is using its border shutdown as a moment to “reset” its immigration priorities, saying on Monday that it would loosen controls for wealthy investors while curtailing temporary visas for the migrants the country has long relied on as citizens moved away.
    Image Lamia Imam, a New Zealander, and her American husband, Cody Sandel. They had always planned to return to New Zealand, but their move was hastened by the pandemic and the political situation in the United States.Lamia Imam, a New Zealander, and her American husband, Cody Sandel. When the pandemic first struck, Ms. Moody and her husband were determined to remain in Princeton, she said. She was undergoing in vitro fertilization, and her husband was applying to American medical schools.
    Ms. Moody, who worked for the World Bank and the consulting firm Deloitte during her time abroad, said it was important that she “not feel like I’m trapped, career-wise or physically or psychologically.” If she returned to New Zealand, she said, “I was scared I would lose that outward-looking global connection.” But as the pandemic dragged on, the couple’s reasons for staying in the United States dwindled, and early this year they moved back to Auckland. They are so certain they will remain, despite the lower wages and less affordable housing, that Ms. Moody’s husband has begun the lengthy process of training as a doctor locally.
    Wages in her field are about 20 percent lower in New Zealand than in the United States, Ms. Moody said, so she has kept her job as the global head of leadership for the strategy firm OneLeap, headquartered in London. She is among many newly returned New Zealanders who hope to retain their overseas salaries for as long as they can.Time zone differences mean workdays in New Zealand and the United States or Europe scarcely overlap. Those working remotely are relying on a new willingness from their multinational employers to consider making flexible work arrangements permanent.For people returning to New Zealand in hope of finding work in the public sector, as Ms. Imam had planned, salaries are constrained. The government announced this month that wage increases would be prohibited for the next three years for those earning more than $71,000 and tightly restricted for those earning above $43,000.What New Zealand is now offering her — a caution that led Ms. Ardern to shut down the country before the virus spread out of control — is what she had craved for the past year as the United States’ at times cavalier response to the pandemic led to disaster.But she worries that New Zealand’s approach has not left it a clear route to rejoining the world. Fewer than 153,000 people in the country of five million have received both doses of a Covid-19 vaccine, and Australians and residents of the Cook Islands are the only non-New Zealanders who can visit. Ms. Imam, who worked in communications for the computer company Dell in the United States, said that New Zealand’s reputation abroad was better than it deserved.Still, she said that new government policies, such as paid leave for women who have miscarriages, had convinced her that the “project that is New Zealand” was worth returning for.“At least we’re doing something right,” she said. “I want to be part of that.”

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#nouvellezelande#australie#etatsunis#emigration#retour#pandemie#sante#vaccination#politiquemigratoire

  • Who owns Australia? | Australia news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/ng-interactive/2021/may/17/who-owns-australia

    Who owns the Australian outback is a vexed question. The true answer is First Nations peoples, whose ownership stems back 60,000 years. The legal answer is more complex. It’s a mess of titles – freehold, pastoral leases, crown leases, public land, native title and land held by Aboriginal trusts.

    And no two jurisdictions store or share that data in the same way.

    #Australie #foncier #terres #cartographie

  • The hermit kingdom: how a proudly multicultural country became ‘fortress Australia’ | Australia news | The Guardian
    http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/may/14/the-hermit-kingdom-how-a-proudly-multicultural-country-became-fortress-
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/13ea95e6ec08d82c37b19396e341d51d04bb0b76/0_480_7105_4262/master/7105.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    The hermit kingdom: how a proudly multicultural country became ‘fortress Australia’ As Covid wreaks havoc overseas Australia risks regressing culturally and economically if borders don’t reopen. A recent Lowy Institute showed only one third of Australians believe the government should do more to repatriate citizens. Tony Sammartino has no idea when he will next hug his three-year-old daughter, but it’s almost guaranteed it won’t be for another year at the earliest.“These are the best years of her life, and they should be the best of mine too. And they’re slipping away.”Tony hasn’t seen Maria Teresa, nor her mother and his partner, Maria Pena, since March 2020, when he was in the Philippines with their other daughter, Liliana.Before the pandemic, the family of four split their lives between Melbourne and Subic, a coastal city north-west of Manila, spending roughly half a year in each parent’s home country. Now, the Sammartinos are one of countless Australian families that find themselves separated by an almost hermetically-sealed border, an enduring aspect of Australia’s harsh response to the pandemic that continues to prevent even its own citizens from freely returning to or leaving their country. Some 40,000 Australians have at any one time remained stranded overseas, missing births, funerals, losing jobs, and even dying from Covid despite pleas for help to return home.As countries around the world vaccinate their populations and reopen to freer travel, Australia – which has recorded 910 deaths from Covid-19 and zero community transmission for most of this year – is progressively tightening its borders. The hardline approach appears to have gained support among the Australian public, with demographers and sociologists observing Australian leaders’ attitudes towards risk management had shifted Australians’ views about being global citizens, with other experts pondering: what does it say about the collective Australian psyche that a proudly multicultural country can be so supportive of such strict border closures?
    At the beginning of the pandemic, a permit system was introduced for those wanting to leave Australia, with even some compassionate pleas rejected.
    A strict mandatory hotel quarantine system was introduced to absorb an influx of returning citizens – about one million Australians lived overseas pre-pandemic. Then in July 2020, a cap was placed on the number of people quarantine hotels would process, leading to months of flight cancellations, and an almost impossible equation for airlines to remain profitable on Australian routes.Seat prices on airlines that continued to fly into the country soared by tens of thousands of dollars, with jumbos flying as few as 20 passengers per flight. Meanwhile, the prime minister, Scott Morrison, routinely rejected calls to build purpose-built facilities to repatriate more citizens, insisting state governments were responsible for quarantine.The country’s border crackdown peaked at the end of April this year, when Morrison used sweeping biosecurity laws to issue a directive threatening to imprison any citizens who attempted to fly to Australia from India via a third country while a temporary direct flight ban was in place during the recent outbreak. While a travel bubble was established with New Zealand in April, repeated delays to Australia’s vaccine rollout have made the government hesitant to announce a timeframe to reopen its borders. After the government revealed an assumption in its annual budget last week that the border would remain shut to international travel until after mid-2022, Tony is struggling with the lack of outrage at the policy.
    “I haven’t really absorbed that, because I know for me there has to be a solution sooner, it can’t take that long for them to come home.”
    Like many Australians, Tony’s partner was born overseas, and was not a citizen or permanent resident when the pandemic began. As the parent of an Australian born child, she could apply for a visa and exemption to Australia’s border ban on all non-citizens, however she cares for a child from a previous relationship in the Philippines, who would not be able to gain entry to Australia. Meanwhile, Maria Teresa is too young to travel alone, while Tony cannot secure an exemption and flights for him to travel to escort her to Australia, where he had been planning to enrol her in preschool. He does not want to risk becoming stranded in the Philippines indefinitely.
    This hasn’t stopped Tony waking up at 4am most mornings from the stress of his situation, and going online to search for flights. He has become obsessed with flight radars, to monitor the few passenger flights that still enter Australia each day, to calculate how many passengers they are carrying and what a route home for his daughter and partner might look like.“I just don’t have the money to fly there, and pay $11,000 each to fly home, and then quarantine (about $5,000). If you had money, could you get here easily,” he said, a reference to international celebrities who have paid their way into Australia. The family FaceTime call everyday, but Tony is worried their other daughter, Liliana, is losing interest in her mother, frustrated she is missing milestones in her life.“The embassy in Manila doesn’t help, but they sent us a link to a charter flight company in Hong Kong. The government has left us on our own. They haven’t beaten Covid at all, they’ve just shut us off entirely from it,” Tony said.
    Only one-third of Australians believe the government should do more to repatriate citizens, a recent Lowy Institute poll showed, and the Morrison government appears to be banking on the political safety of a harsh border policy as a federal election looms on the horizon. Dr Liz Allen, a demographer at the Australian National University, said the popularity of Australia’s Covid strategy was not surprising. She said despite the fact that about one in three Australians born overseas, “protectionist narratives have operated quite successfully in Australia”, particularly because of an older population. Prof Andrew Jakubowicz, a sociologist at the University of Technology Sydney, is not surprised by the “cognitive dissonance” occurring in a multicultural nation supportive of the border closures.“Something deep in the Australian psyche is the memory of how easy it was to invade this place, the idea that the moment you let them in, you’re in trouble,” he said. Jakubowicz pointed out that migrants to Australia are often the most opposed to further migration. “There’s a long history of pulling the gate shut once they’re through the door.“It’s this learned apprehension of letting in, it’s allowed us to accept hardline immigration policies in the past, and it’s allowed us to reprogram quickly to the stress of being stuck here in the pandemic. “The government has looked at the states’ popularity with their borders, and it’s comfortable with this Noah’s Ark model of survival,” Jakubowicz said. Allen agrees, and believes the government’s strategy plays into Australians’ sense of security.
    “Australia has not done anything marvellous or miraculous in containing Covid, it’s been about geography and dumb luck. We’ve dug a hole and stuck our head in it and that’s where we will remain.
    “We like to view ourselves as larrikins and irreverent people who stand up to authority, but in reality we are scared, we’re petrified. We’ve become so comfortable because of our geography that we’re losing our greatness.
    “We’re not even able to have a conversation about risk, the government is too scared of championing new quarantine facilities out of fear if something goes wrong,” she said. Allen believes the country “risks regressing” both culturally and economically without reopening to immigration, tourism and family reunions.On Friday, a coalition of business, law, arts and academic figures echoed this call, urging the government to adopt a “living with Covid” strategy to avoid reputational damage to Australia.“Australia benefits tremendously from our migrants and tourism. Year on year, this country has spruiked the wondrous kind of living conditions in this place to all corners of the world, to come join us.”“But now, so many who have made Australia their home, and taken a risk on us, we tell them to go home. Well they were home,” Allen said.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#australie#sante#biosecurite#multiculturalisme#frontiere#insularite#tourisme#economie#immigration#variant#vaccination#psyche

  • Australian government urged to have standby system in place for next repatriation flight from India | Australia news | The Guardian
    http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/may/15/australian-government-urged-to-have-standby-system-in-place-for-next-re
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8e530a573ac469b056f502183ec67a745a984528/0_184_2763_1658/master/2763.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    Australian government urged to have standby system in place for next repatriation flight from India. Indian community leaders call on officials to do more to avoid a repeat of the scores of empty seats on the first post-ban flight. The Australian government needs to do more to avoid a repeat of the scores of seats left empty on the first post-ban repatriation flight from virus-ravaged India, one community leader has said. Eighty Australians touched down in Darwin on Saturday morning and were moved to the Howard Springs quarantine facility on the city’s outskirts. But about 70 seats reserved for returning Australians were empty after 40 people tested positive before the flight from Delhi, with another 30 identified as close contacts.Dr Yadu Singh, the president of the Federation of Indian Associations of New South Wales and the head of the Council of Indian Federations of Australia, said: “They need to think about a different mechanism so as not to waste those seats.”Total cases of Covid-19 have topped 24 million in India, with the country’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, saying the country was “on a war footing” as more than 4,000 people died from the virus for a third straight day.India is experiencing a spread of cases associated with the B.1.617 variant, which some experts say could be more transmissible than other variants. The World Health Organization this week declared it a “variant of concern”. Indian community leaders in Australia said statewide lockdowns in the subcontinent and higher case numbers in cities was making the job of repatriating Australians harder.
    Some 10,000 Australian citizens and permanent residents have told the government they want to return from India. First in line for repatriation flights are about 1,000 people the government has deemed vulnerable.
    Singh said he sympathised with the people who were blocked from travelling, but it was the right decision to protect other people. He said: “I’m very pleased the flight has arrived. But what they could do differently is have a mechanism to bring people to the city where the plane is leaving and have them in quarantine and test them several times.“I hope they will learn from what has happened and have a better testing system to bring as many as possible home. They are Australian citizens and there are moral obligations to look after them.”The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade declined to answer Guardian Australia’s questions about whether efforts had been made to fill seats that became available on the repatriation flight and if a standby system would be in place for future flights.The department also did not say if the government had plans to set up quarantine for Australians stuck in India to isolate before the flight.Dfat’s highest priority at this time is helping vulnerable Australians overseas,” a spokesperson said in their response.Saturday’s flight into Darwin was the 39th government-facilitated flight from India, but the first since the Morrison government imposed a ban after cases surged in India. The ban came with a threat of jail under the Biosecurity Act for any Australians trying to return home from the country.
    The next repatriation flight is due to arrive on 23 May and Dfat has said arrangements for further flights are under way.Singh, a cardiologist, has about 70 relatives – including brothers, uncles, aunts and cousins – living in India. He has lost family members to the virus. There are almost half a million Indian-born people living in Australia and about half are Australian citizens.Singh said his own anxiety about his family’s safety was repeated among people with Indian heritage all across Australia.
    “Even a facility in New Delhi couldn’t keep people waiting there for months,” he said.He understood there were up to 900 Australians identified as vulnerable in India. These people were either elderly, had existing medical conditions that put them at higher risk, or who needed to be in Australia to care for family members. The federal opposition leader, Anthony Albanese, said on Saturday there were still 30,000 Australians stranded overseas.
    “It’s extremely distressing for those Australians with loved ones trapped overseas for more than a year. Scott Morrison promised to bring them home and he hasn’t.”The treasurer, John Frydenberg, said the high commission was working with Australians in India. “We are dealing with a situation where we are seeing more than 800,000 new Covid cases [globally] a day with new variants of the virus.“We did see a spike in the number of cases when people from India were coming. We invoked the biosecurity act and we then reassessed it after a couple of weeks, and the flights have now started and that’s a positive development. “But again we have to maintain our health settings because we know how damaging both to the lives and livelihoods of Australians an outbreak here would be.” In a statement released before Saturday’s flight arrived, the government said the flight was part of a $37.1m support package for India. More than 15 tonnes of medical supplies had been sent to India, including more than 2,000 ventilators and 100 oxygen concentrators.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#inde#australie<;sante#rapatriement#variant1contamination#biosecurite#frontiere#circulation

  • My Australian husband is stuck in India. All I want is to know he can come home | Narita Nagin | The Guardian
    http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/03/my-australian-husband-is-stuck-in-india-all-i-want-is-to-know-he-can-co
    https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ce76c31caf8db874ed1e5c68a02e5fc7cfefe277/0_756_1980_1188/master/1980.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    My Australian husband is stuck in India. All I want is to know he can come home. What does it mean to be a citizen? Is Australia a fair-weather friend, only there for you in the good times? The Australian government’s drastic decision to temporarily stop all travellers from India entering Australia has me in tears almost every night, struggling to cope with the uncertainty of when I’ll see my husband again.Before he departed Australia for India in March, I was stressed knowing that repatriation flights were few and far between. But he managed to convince both me and the Australian government (that granted him a travel exemption) that he had to go to visit and care for his mum, his only surviving parent, who is suffering from stage-four cancer. Knowing him, his kindness and conscientiousness, I knew that it wasn’t really a choice for him to be at his dying mother’s side.
    The situation is emotionally draining for the 9,000 Australians who are stranded in India while it is ravaged by the deadly Covid-19 second wave, desperate to get home. To date, India has reported more than 19m cases and 216,000 deaths. I can’t even imagine the unbearable stress and fear of being in India surrounded by the countless stories of the lack of oxygen and hospital beds, the crumbling infrastructure and people dying on the streets.
    India does not allow for dual citizenship, so it does not owe Australians like my husband anything – if they were once Indians, they have given that up to become Australians. What does it mean to be an Australian citizen? Is Australia a fair-weather friend, only there for you in the good times? For Australian citizens stuck in India, the worst-case scenario is playing out in real time. What if India decides to prioritise its citizens’ health over others due to insufficient and crumbling infrastructure? What if India demands non-citizens leave the country or threatens them with prison sentences like the Australian government just did for its own citizens?
    Like most other Australians, I don’t want to compromise the health of the community, but surely Australians can be allowed back via a safe process and the virus can be contained by isolation. In March, shortly before the government’s decision to exclude Australians travelling from India, just 1,065 people travelled into Australia each day on average, so the existing protocols did not allow a huge number enough to suggest undue burden on infrastructure.Its decision to ban Australian travellers from India indicates the Australian government’s complete lack of confidence in its own quarantine system. While this may be justified, given the numerous quarantine mistakes, wouldn’t it be more appropriate for Australia to fix its quarantine system than to deny its own citizens their basic human right to return home to their families?Similar draconian laws and absolute bans were not considered when in the US and UK Covid cases were soaring only a few months ago. The US to date reported 32.4m cases and 576,000 deaths. The UK wasn’t that far behind, and a substantially deadlier strain of Covid-19, B.1.1.7, originated there. Why has a different approach been taken to Australians returning from India?I have always found Australians to be warm, open and inclusive, and so this is the first time I have any regrets in choosing Australia as my home. Other governments are doing so much more to help their citizens – the US, in its latest health alert, asked its citizens to leave India as soon as it is safe to do so, and additional flight options are available for them. British and Irish nationals, and third-country nationals with residence rights in the UK, are arriving into England from India with the requirement to quarantine. These are fair and reasonable options that Australians stranded in India would welcome.
    As for my husband, even if the borders were open, I know that he won’t return until his mother dies. At the same time, it is difficult for him being in India without any certainty as to when he might be able to return home. While the ban for travellers from India is temporary, for those stuck overseas “temporary” reads as “indefinitely”. For now, he continues to live among the Covid chaos in India, waking up at 3am daily to work Australian hours , while caring for his mum, who in addition to stage-four cancer now also has Covid-19.Despite all these challenges, he is still an amazing husband from afar, calling me daily to check in, calming me during my frequent meltdowns. All I want is for both of us to have the certainty that he can come home to Sydney when he is ready.There should be no barriers to Australians returning home. It is our right.Narita Nagin is an Australian lawyer. She is based in Sydney and was born in Fiji

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#australie#inde#sante#variant#retour#contamination#santementale#droit

  • #Campagnes de #dissuasion massive

    Pour contraindre à l’#immobilité les candidats à la migration, jugés indésirables, les gouvernements occidentaux ne se contentent pas depuis les années 1990 de militariser leurs frontières et de durcir leur législation. Aux stratégies répressives s’ajoutent des méthodes d’apparence plus consensuelle : les campagnes d’information multimédias avertissant des #dangers du voyage.

    « Et au lieu d’aller de l’avant, il pensa à rentrer. Par le biais d’un serment, il dit à son cousin décédé : “Si Dieu doit m’ôter la vie, que ce soit dans mon pays bien-aimé.” » Cette #chanson en espagnol raconte le périple d’un Mexicain qui, ayant vu son cousin mourir au cours du voyage vers les États-Unis, se résout à rebrousser chemin. Enregistrée en 2008 grâce à des fonds gouvernementaux américains, elle fut envoyée aux radios de plusieurs pays d’Amérique centrale par une agence de #publicité privée, laquelle se garda bien de révéler l’identité du commanditaire (1).

    Arme de découragement typiquement américaine ? Plusieurs États européens recourent eux aussi à ces méthodes de #communication_dissuasive, en particulier depuis la « crise » des réfugiés de l’été 2015. En #Hongrie comme au #Danemark, les pouvoirs publics ont financé des publicités dans des quotidiens libanais et jordaniens. « Les Hongrois sont hospitaliers, mais les sanctions les plus sévères sont prises à l’encontre de ceux qui tentent d’entrer illégalement en Hongrie », lisait-on ici. « Le Parlement danois vient d’adopter un règlement visant à réduire de 50 % les prestations sociales pour les réfugiés nouvellement arrivés », apprenait-on là (2). En 2017, plusieurs #artistes ouest-africains dansaient et chantaient dans un #clip intitulé #Bul_Sank_sa_Bakane_bi (« Ne risque pas ta vie »). « L’immigration est bonne si elle est légale », « Reste en Afrique pour la développer, il n’y a pas mieux qu’ici », « Jeunesse, ce que tu ignores, c’est qu’à l’étranger ce n’est pas aussi facile que tu le crois », clamait cette chanson financée par le gouvernement italien dans le cadre d’une opération de l’#Organisation_internationale_pour_les_migrations (#OIM) baptisée « #Migrants_conscients » (3).

    « Pourquoi risquer votre vie ? »

    Ces campagnes qui ciblent des personnes n’ayant pas encore tenté de rejoindre l’Occident, mais susceptibles de vouloir le faire, insistent sur l’inutilité de l’immigration irrégulière (ceux qui s’y essaient seront systématiquement renvoyés chez eux) et sur les rigueurs de l’« État-providence ». Elles mettent en avant les dangers du voyage, la dureté des #conditions_de_vie dans les pays de transit et de destination, les #risques de traite, de trafic, d’exploitation ou tout simplement de mort. Point commun de ces mises en scène : ne pas évoquer les politiques restrictives qui rendent l’expérience migratoire toujours plus périlleuse. Elles cherchent plutôt à agir sur les #choix_individuels.

    Déployées dans les pays de départ et de transit, elles prolongent l’#externalisation du contrôle migratoire (4) et complètent la surveillance policière des frontières par des stratégies de #persuasion. L’objectif de #contrôle_migratoire disparaît sous une terminologie doucereuse : ces campagnes sont dites d’« #information » ou de « #sensibilisation », un vocabulaire qui les associe à des actions humanitaires, destinées à protéger les aspirants au départ. Voire à protéger les populations restées au pays des mensonges de leurs proches : une vidéo financée par la #Suisse (5) à destination du Cameroun enjoint ainsi de se méfier des récits des émigrés, supposés enjoliver l’expérience migratoire (« Ne croyez pas tout ce que vous entendez »).

    Initialement appuyées sur des médias traditionnels, ces actions se développent désormais via #Facebook, #Twitter ou #YouTube. En #Australie, le gouvernement a réalisé en 2014 une série de petits films traduits dans une quinzaine de langues parlées en Asie du Sud-Est, en Afghanistan et en Indonésie : « Pas question. Vous ne ferez pas de l’Australie votre chez-vous. » Des responsables militaires en treillis exposent d’un ton martial la politique de leur pays : « Si vous voyagez par bateau sans visa, vous ne pourrez jamais faire de l’Australie votre pays. Il n’y a pas d’exception. Ne croyez pas les mensonges des passeurs » (6).

    Les concepteurs ont sollicité YouTube afin que la plate-forme diffuse les #vidéos sous la forme de publicités précédant les contenus recherchés par des internautes susceptibles d’émigrer. Le recours aux #algorithmes permet en effet de cibler les utilisateurs dont le profil indique qu’ils parlent certaines langues, comme le farsi ou le vietnamien. De même, en privilégiant des vidéos populaires chez les #jeunes, YouTube facilite le #ciblage_démographique recherché. Par la suite, ces clips ont envahi les fils d’actualités Facebook de citoyens australiens issus de l’immigration, sélectionnés par l’#algorithme car ils parlent l’une des langues visées par la campagne. En s’adressant à ces personnes nées en Australie, les autorités espéraient qu’elles inviteraient elles-mêmes les ressortissants de leur pays d’origine à rester chez eux (7).

    C’est également vers Facebook que se tourne le gouvernement de la #Norvège en 2015. Accusé de passivité face à l’arrivée de réfugiés à la frontière russe, il finance la réalisation de deux vidéos, « Pourquoi risquer votre vie ? » et « Vous risquez d’être renvoyés » (8). Les utilisateurs du réseau social avaient initialement la possibilité de réagir, par le biais des traditionnels « j’aime » ou en postant des commentaires, ce qui aurait dû permettre une circulation horizontale, voire virale, de ces vidéos. Mais l’option fut suspendue après que la page eut été inondée de commentaires haineux issus de l’extrême droite, suscitant l’embarras de l’État.

    Ici encore, Facebook offre — ou plutôt, commercialise — la possibilité de cibler des jeunes hommes originaires d’Afghanistan, d’Éthiopie et d’Érythrée, dont le gouvernement norvégien considère qu’ils ne relèvent pas du droit d’asile. L’algorithme sélectionne en particulier les personnes situées hors de leur pays d’origine qui ont fait des recherches sur Internet dénotant leur intérêt pour l’Europe et la migration. Il s’agit de toucher des migrants en transit, qui hésitent quant à leur destination, et de les dissuader de choisir la Norvège. Les Syriens ne font pas partie des nationalités visées, afin de ne pas violer le droit d’asile. De même, le message mentionne explicitement que seuls les adultes seront refoulés, afin de ne pas contester le droit des enfants à être pris en charge.

    À plusieurs reprises, depuis 2015, les autorités belges ont elles aussi utilisé Facebook pour ce type d’initiatives (9). En 2018, des photographies de centres de détention et d’un jeune migrant menotté, assorties du slogan « Non à l’immigration illégale. Ne venez pas en #Belgique » (10), furent relayées à partir d’une page Facebook créée pour l’occasion par l’Office des étrangers. Cette page n’existait toutefois qu’en anglais, ce qui a fait croire à un faux (y compris parmi les forces de l’ordre), poussant le gouvernement belge à la supprimer au profit d’un site plus classique, humblement intitulé « Faits sur la Belgique » (11).

    Si de telles initiatives prolifèrent, c’est que les États européens sont engagés dans une course à la dissuasion qui les oppose les uns aux autres. Le 30 mai 2018, en France, M. Gérard Collomb, alors ministre de l’intérieur, affirmait lors d’une audition au Sénat que les migrants faisaient du « #benchmarking » pour identifier les pays les plus accueillants. Cette opinion semble partagée par ses pairs, et les États se montrent non seulement fermes, mais soucieux de le faire savoir.

    Le recours aux plates-formes de la Silicon Valley s’impose d’autant plus aisément que les autorités connaissent l’importance de ces outils dans le parcours des migrants. Une très large majorité d’entre eux sont en effet connectés. Ils dépendent de leur #téléphone_portable pour communiquer avec leur famille, se repérer grâce au #GPS, se faire comprendre par-delà les barrières linguistiques, conserver des photographies et des témoignages des atrocités qui justifient leur demande d’asile, appeler au secours en cas de naufrage ou de danger, ou encore retrouver des connaissances et des compatriotes dispersés.

    Un doute taraudait les autorités des États occidentaux : en connectant les individus et en leur facilitant l’accès à diverses sources d’information, les #technologies_numériques ne conféraient-elles pas une plus grande #autonomie aux migrants ? Ne facilitaient-elles pas en définitive l’immigration irrégulière (12) ? Dès lors, elles s’emploieraient à faire de ces mêmes outils la solution au problème : ils renseignent sur la #localisation et les caractéristiques des migrants, fournissant un canal privilégié de communication vers des publics ciblés.

    Systématiquement financées par les États occidentaux et impliquant de plus en plus souvent les géants du numérique, ces campagnes mobilisent aussi d’autres acteurs. Adopté sous les auspices de l’Organisation des Nations unies en 2018, le pacte mondial pour des migrations sûres, ordonnées et régulières (ou pacte de Marrakech) recommande ainsi de « mener des campagnes d’information multilingues et factuelles », d’organiser des « réunions de sensibilisation dans les pays d’origine », et ce notamment pour « mettre en lumière les risques qu’il y a à entreprendre une migration irrégulière pleine de dangers ». Le Haut-Commissariat pour les réfugiés (HCR) et l’OIM jouent donc le rôle d’intermédiaires privilégiés pour faciliter le financement de ces campagnes des États occidentaux en dehors de leur territoire.

    Efficacité douteuse

    Interviennent également des entreprises privées spécialisées dans le #marketing et la #communication. Installée à Hongkong, #Seefar développe des activités de « #communication_stratégique » à destination des migrants potentiels en Afghanistan ou en Afrique de l’Ouest. La société australienne #Put_It_Out_There_Pictures réalise pour sa part des vidéos de #propagande pour le compte de gouvernements occidentaux, comme le #téléfilm #Journey, qui met en scène des demandeurs d’asile tentant d’entrer clandestinement en Australie.

    Enfin, des associations humanitaires et d’aide au développement contribuent elles aussi à ces initiatives. Créée en 2015, d’abord pour secourir des migrants naufragés en Méditerranée, l’organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) #Proactiva_Open_Arms s’est lancée dans des projets de ce type en 2019 au Sénégal (13). Au sein des pays de départ, des pans entiers de la société se rallient à ces opérations : migrants de retour, journalistes, artistes, dirigeants associatifs et religieux… En Guinée, des artistes autrefois engagés pour l’ouverture des frontières militent à présent pour l’#immobilisation de leurs jeunes compatriotes (14).

    Le #discours_humanitaire consensuel qui argue de la nécessité de protéger les migrants en les informant facilite la coopération entre États, organisations internationales, secteurs privé et associatif. La plupart de ces acteurs sont pourtant étrangers au domaine du strict contrôle des frontières. Leur implication témoigne de l’extension du domaine de la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière.

    Avec quelle #efficacité ? Il existe très peu d’évaluations de l’impact de ces campagnes. En 2019, une étude norvégienne (15) a analysé leurs effets sur des migrants en transit à Khartoum, avec des résultats peu concluants. Ils étaient peu nombreux à avoir eu connaissance des messages gouvernementaux et ils s’estimaient de toute manière suffisamment informés, y compris à propos des aspects les plus sombres de l’expérience migratoire. Compte tenu de la couverture médiatique des drames de l’immigration irrégulière, il paraît en effet vraisemblable que les migrants potentiels connaissent les risques… mais qu’ils migrent quand même.

    https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2021/03/PECOUD/62833
    #migrations #réfugiés #privatisation #Italie #humanitaire #soft_power

    –-

    Ajouté à la métaliste sur les #campagnes de #dissuasion à l’#émigration :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/763551

    ping @isskein @karine4 @_kg_ @rhoumour @etraces

  • Covid-19 dans le monde : la Nouvelle-Zélande suspend sa « bulle de voyage » avec l’Australie
    https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2021/04/23/covid-19-en-russie-plusieurs-jours-de-mai-seront-feries-afin-de-lutter-contr

    Covid-19 dans le monde : la Nouvelle-Zélande suspend sa « bulle de voyage » avec l’Australie. La décision de Wellington a été prise après l’annonce par des autorités d’Australie occidentale d’imposer trois jours de restrictions sanitaires dans les régions de Perth et de Peel.
    La Nouvelle-Zélande a suspendu vendredi la « bulle de voyage » qu’elle venait d’ouvrir avec l’Australie, a fait savoir Wellington. Une décision motivée par la résurgence de l’épidémie chez son voisin : la mesure sera en vigueur « dans l’attente d’un nouvel avis du gouvernement ».La décision a été prise après l’annonce par les autorités d’Australie occidentale qu’elles imposaient trois jours de restrictions sanitaires dans les régions de Perth et de Peel dès vendredi, à minuit.Ces nouvelles restrictions ont été décidées « à la suite d’un cas positif chez une personne en quarantaine à l’hôtel et active dans la communauté », ont détaillé les autorités d’Australie occidentale sur leur site Web.L’Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande, dont les frontières internationales sont fermées depuis mars 2020, avaient inauguré, lundi, cette « bulle de voyage » censée permettre à leurs habitants de se déplacer de part et d’autre de la mer de Tasman sans motifs impérieux ni quarantaine hôtelière.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#australie#nouvellezelande#sante#bulledevoyage#restrictionsanitaire#quarantaine

  • Covid-19 : l’Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande ouvrent une « bulle de voyage »
    https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/04/20/covid-19-l-australie-et-la-nouvelle-zelande-ouvrent-une-bulle-de-voyage_6077

    Lundi, les deux voisins des antipodes, qui ont fermé leurs frontières internationales en mars 2020 pour lutter contre la pandémie de Covid-19, ont inauguré un nouvel espace de liberté. Il permet à leurs habitants de se déplacer d’un pays à l’autre sans aucune contrainte.
    Devant les bornes d’enregistrement de l’aéroport international de Sydney, lundi 19 avril, Sue Grocott oscille entre rires et larmes. Dans quelques heures, elle atterrira à Auckland et rencontrera, pour la première fois, son petit-fils d’un an. L’Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande, dont les frontières internationales sont fermées depuis mars 2020, ont inauguré, le matin même, une « bulle de voyage » qui permet aux habitants des deux pays de se déplacer de part et d’autre de la mer de Tasman sans motifs impérieux ni quarantaine hôtelière. « Le début d’un nouveau chapitre dans notre réponse au Covid-19 et pour notre rétablissement », s’était félicitée, le 6 avril, la première ministre néo-zélandaise, Jacinda Ardern.
    Les deux voisins des antipodes, qui ont adopté une stratégie de tolérance zéro vis-à-vis du SARS-CoV-2, ont réussi à éradiquer la circulation du virus sur leur territoire et à retrouver une vie normale – sans masques et avec très peu de mesures de distanciations physiques –, mais au prix d’un isolement inédit. Depuis plus d’un an, leurs frontières sont fermées aux étrangers non-résidents et toute personne arrivant sur leur sol est soumise à une quarantaine, obligatoire et payante, dans un hôtel.En Australie, les ressortissants ne peuvent, en outre, quitter leur pays qu’en cas de raisons essentielles, après avoir obtenu une dérogation des autorités. Depuis octobre 2020, Canberra avait ouvert son territoire aux Néo-Zélandais, mais la réciproque n’était pas vraie et Wellington avait maintenu les mesures de quatorzaine pour les « Kiwis » de retour dans l’archipel suite à un séjour sur l’île-continent.
    Après avoir maintes fois repoussé la perspective d’instaurer un corridor sanitaire, le gouvernement néo-zélandais a finalement jugé, début avril, que « le risque [était] aussi faible que possible ». Désormais les citoyens des deux pays peuvent se déplacer librement et sans tests préalables. Mais cette « bulle » pourra être immédiatement suspendue si des cas d’origine inconnue sont découverts d’un côté ou de l’autre de la mer de Tasman.
    (...)En Nouvelle-Zélande où, en 2019, les Australiens représentaient près de 40 % des visiteurs étrangers, les autorités misent sur cette liberté retrouvée pour relancer le secteur touristique, durement affecté par la fermeture des frontières internationales. Selon leur calcul, le pays pourrait engranger jusqu’à 600 millions d’euros grâce au retour des voyageurs australiens à deux mois de l’ouverture de la saison de ski.Pour Canberra, il s’agit surtout d’une « première étape ». Le gouvernement conservateur rêve d’instaurer d’autres « bulles de voyage » avec d’autres Etats de la région ayant réussi à contrôler l’épidémie de coronavirus, comme Singapour, la Corée du Sud ou encore certaines îles du Pacifique mais, pour l’instant, il estime que les conditions ne sont pas réunies. Le 1er avril, le petit archipel des Palaos et Taïwan avaient été les premiers à inaugurer ce concept. Hong Kong et Singapour ont également entrepris des discussions en octobre 2020.

    #Covid-19#migrant#migration#australie#nouvellezelande#sante#bulledevoyage#circulation#frontiere#tourisme#zerocovid