#biais

Mathematicians Boycott Police Work
▻https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/math/a32957375/mathematicians-boycott-predictive-policing

Some academics are calling the controversial practice a “scientific veneer for racism.” Mathematicians at universities across the country are halting collaborations with police departments across the U.S. A June 15 letter was sent to the trade journal Notices of the American Mathematical Society, announcing the boycott. Typically, mathematicians work with police departments to build algorithms, conduct modeling work, and analyze data. Several prominent academic mathematicians want to (...)

#algorithme #police #prédiction #biais #lutte #racisme #discrimination

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Algorithms of Oppression
▻http://algorithmsofoppression.com

A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms Run a Google search for “black girls”—what will you find ? “Big Booty” and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in “white girls,” the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about “why black women are so sassy” or “why black women are so angry” presents a disturbing portrait of black (...)

#algorithme #racisme #domination #sexisme #biais #discrimination

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Why the tech giants may suffer lasting pain from their Hill lashing
▻https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/29/big-tech-ceo-hearing-takeaways-387677

Lawmakers investigating Facebook, Amazon, Google and Apple made it clear that their allegations of antitrust abuses come with a lengthy paper trail. Wednesday’s much-anticipated antitrust hearing subjected four of the tech industry’s most powerful CEOs to hours of aggressive questioning by Republicans and Democrats alike. But it also may have revealed something far more lasting : A Congress that has largely soured on Silicon Valley is beginning to figure out how to hold it to account, (...)

#Apple #Google #Amazon #Facebook #algorithme #Android #iPhone #smartphone #manipulation #domination #élections #bénéfices #biais #BigData #marketing #profiling #publicité (...)

##publicité ##FTC

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La police prédictive progresse en France. Exigeons son interdiction !
▻https://technopolice.fr/blog/la-police-predictive-progresse-en-france-exigeons-son-interdiction

Pendant que les dispositifs de police prédictive (comme PredPol) commencent à être interdits ou abandonnés aux États-Unis, la police française et plusieurs collectivités continuent à acheter et utiliser des équivalents français, à l’image de « Map Révélation » proposé par l’entreprise angevine « Sûreté Globale ». Cela au détriment des risques de discriminations qu’impliquent ces logiciels de surveillance, et en l’absence même de toute preuve de leur intérêt. Comme pour la reconnaissance faciale, les logiciels de (...)

#algorithme #Predpol #police #racisme #technologisme #données #prédiction #biais #BigData #discrimination #CNIL #LaQuadratureduNet (...)

##Technopolice

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UN Special Rapporteur Warns of Racial Discrimination Exacerbated by Technology
▻https://digitalfreedomfund.org/un-special-rapporteur-warns-of-racial-discrimination-exacerbated

The Digital Freedom Fund welcomes the publication of the report “Racial discrimination and emerging digital technologies : a human rights analysis” by the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, E. Tendayi Achiume. The report goes beyond analysing specific instances of racial discrimination on digital platforms to assess how emerging digital technologies perpetuate racial discrimination on a structural level. Examining (...)

#racisme #technologisme #discrimination #DigitalFreedomFund #biais #algorithme

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Privacy Isn’t a Right You Can Click Away
▻https://www.wired.com/story/privacy-isnt-a-right-you-can-click-away

Senator Sherrod Brown wants to drastically scale back the permitted uses of your personal data—and ban facial recognition outright. Be honest—have you ever read a privacy disclosure ? Even once ? Facebook’s data privacy policy is more than 4,000 words. It contains dozens of links to hundreds of pages of complex terms and agreements. Even if you had the time to read it, you’d need a law degree and a data science background to understand which rights you’re signing away and what frightening (...)

#Clearview #algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #conditions #consentement #données #facial #législation #reconnaissance #BigData #activisme #biais (...)

##BlackLivesMatter

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The Radical AI Project
▻http://radicalaiproject.org

Radical AI begins with a shared understanding that society distributes power unevenly — pushing People of Color, Black, Indigenous, Womxn, Queer, Poor, Disabled, and many other communities to the margins.

Growing from these roots, Radical AI examines how AI rearranges power and critically engages with the radical hope that our communities can dream up different human/AI systems that help put power back in the hands of the people. Radical AI work is taking many forms, including : Analyzing (...)

#algorithme #racisme #sexisme #biais #discrimination #LGBT #pauvreté

##pauvreté

Don’t ask if artificial intelligence is good or fair, ask how it shifts power
▻https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02003-2

Law enforcement, marketers, hospitals and other bodies apply artificial intelligence (AI) to decide on matters such as who is profiled as a criminal, who is likely to buy what product at what price, who gets medical treatment and who gets hired. These entities increasingly monitor and predict our behaviour, often motivated by power and profits. It is not uncommon now for AI experts to ask whether an AI is ‘fair’ and ‘for good’. But ‘fair’ and ‘good’ are infinitely spacious words that any AI (...)

#algorithme #police #racisme #données #prédiction #sexisme #bénéfices #biais #BigData #discrimination #LGBT #santé (...)

##santé ##surveillance

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Hey researchers ! Have you been ‘left on read’ by platforms ? Share your stories !
▻https://algorithmwatch.org/en/researchers-left-on-read/#share-your-story

In our discussions with researchers from civil society and academia, we learned about the tremendous barriers many of you face when conducting public interest research using platform data. You told us about inaccurate or incomplete ad archives, arbitrary or unpredictable request/authorization processes, and the effects that the concentration and privatization of data have on independent research. While these stories are all-too familiar for those who work in the field, they don’t typically (...)

#données #fraude #biais #AlgorithmWatch

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Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities | American Journal of Epidemiology | Oxford Academic
▻https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/doi/10.1093/aje/kwaa126/5866668

In the U.S., White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Both impaired lung function and hearing are criteria for Worker’s compensation, which is ultimately paid by industry.

Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment.

Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health.

Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to: critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis; and center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation.

#compensation #biais #racisme

What a machine learning tool that turns Obama white can (and can’t) tell us about AI bias
▻https://www.theverge.com/21298762/face-depixelizer-ai-machine-learning-tool-pulse-stylegan-obama-bias

A striking image that only hints at a much bigger problem It’s a startling image that illustrates the deep-rooted biases of AI research. Input a low-resolution picture of Barack Obama, the first black president of the United States, into an algorithm designed to generate depixelated faces, and the output is a white man. It’s not just Obama, either. Get the same algorithm to generate high-resolution images of actress Lucy Liu or congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez from low-resolution (...)

#Nvidia #algorithme #racisme #biais #discrimination

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The answer to police violence is not ’reform’. It’s defunding. Here’s why
▻https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/31/the-answer-to-police-violence-is-not-reform-its-defunding-heres-why

Bias training, body cameras, community dialogues – Minneapolis has tried them all. We need a better response Every time protests erupt after yet another innocent black person is killed by police, “reform” is meekly offered as the solution. But what if drastically defunding the police – not reform – is the best way to stop unnecessary violence and death committed by law enforcement against communities of color ? Minneapolis, where George Floyd was killed by a police officer who kneeled on his (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #militaire #police #racisme #criminalité #vidéo-surveillance #biais #discrimination #pauvreté (...)

##criminalité ##pauvreté ##surveillance
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Court Corrects Flaw in UK’s Automated Benefits System
▻https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/24/court-corrects-flaw-uks-automated-benefits-system

Ruling a Victory for Claimants’ Rights, but Problems Remain When Rachelle, 35, a single working mother in London, received her first Universal Credit payment in March, she had a panic attack. It was far short of what she needed to pay the rent and support her two children, one of whom has a disability. “I am living on whatever I can find in my cupboard at the moment,” she said when we spoke in March. “I skip a meal so my children can eat and to ensure the bills are paid.” This week, the Court (...)

#algorithme #biais #discrimination #pauvreté

##pauvreté

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In the ’Blackest city in America,’ a fight to end facial recognition
▻https://www.cnet.com/news/in-the-blackest-city-in-america-a-fight-to-end-facial-recognition

Activists say facial recognition and its racial bias have no place in Detroit, a city that boasts the highest percentage of Black residents in the US. Activists in Detroit have been waiting a long time for July 24. Since the city’s contract with DataWorks began in 2017, community members have been pushing to stop the software company’s facial recognition services from expanding in their neighborhoods. On that day, Detroit’s $1.2 million contract with DataWorks is set to expire — unless the (...)

#Microsoft #IBM #Amazon #algorithme #biométrie #racisme #facial #reconnaissance #sexisme #biais (...)

##discrimination

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Uncovered : 1,000 phrases that incorrectly trigger Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant
▻https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/07/uncovered-1000-phrases-that-incorrectly-trigger-alexa-siri-and-google-a

“Election” can trigger Alexa ; “Montana” can trigger Cortana. As Alexa, Google Home, Siri, and other voice assistants have become fixtures in millions of homes, privacy advocates have grown concerned that their near-constant listening to nearby conversations could pose more risk than benefit to users. New research suggests the privacy threat may be greater than previously thought. The findings demonstrate how common it is for dialog in TV shows and other sources to produce false triggers that (...)

#Apple #Google #Microsoft #Amazon #Home #Alexa #Cortana #domotique #Siri #reconnaissance #biais #écoutes (...)

##voix

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Detroit Police Chief : Facial Recognition Software Misidentifies 96% of the Time
▻https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/dyzykz/detroit-police-chief-facial-recognition-software-misidentifies-96-of-the-time

Detroit regulated facial recognition software. It’s still used only on Black people. Detroit police have used highly unreliable facial recognition technology almost exclusively against Black people so far in 2020, according to the Detroit Police Department’s own statistics. The department’s use of the technology gained national attention last week after the American Civil Liberties Union and New York Times brought to light the case of Robert Julian-Borchak Williams, a man who was wrongfully (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #racisme #facial #reconnaissance #biais #discrimination #scraping #vidéo-surveillance (...)

##surveillance

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Emotion Analytics Used in AI Recruitment Tools Are Not Only Unethical But Incorrect
▻https://sociable.co/technology/emotion-analytics-ai-recruitment-tools-incorrect

Research from psychologists, as well as concerns from AI experts and privacy groups, indicate that emotion analytics do not produce accurate or reliable results. A candidate is preparing for a job interview via video. They place themselves in front of the camera, try to stay engaged, and smile throughout the process. Unknown to the candidate, the interviewers are using software that analyses even the smallest of facial expressions. Why ? The technology is intended to cross-reference (...)

#IBM #algorithme #CCTV #émotions #reconnaissance #recrutement #biais #travail #EPIC

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Man wrongfully arrested due to facial recognition software talks about ’humiliating’ experience
▻https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/man-wrongfully-arrested-due-facial-recognition-software-talks-about-humilia

A Black man in Detroit spent over a day in custody in January after an incorrect facial recognition match led to his wrongful arrest. Robert Williams spent more than a day in custody at a Detroit detention center in January after an incorrect facial recognition match led to his wrongful arrest, in what the American Civil Liberties Union alleges is the first such case in the United States. It’s an experience that has stayed with him. “I felt empty, I guess,” Williams told NBC News in a (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #criminalité #police #facial #reconnaissance #biais #discrimination #prison (...)

##criminalité ##ACLU

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California city bans predictive policing in U.S. first
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-tech-trfn/california-city-bans-predictive-policing-in-u-s-first-idUSKBN23V2XC

NEW YORK (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - As officials mull steps to tackle police brutality and racism, California’s Santa Cruz has become the first U.S. city to ban predictive policing, which digital rights experts said could spark similar moves across the country. “Understanding how predictive policing and facial recognition can be disportionately biased against people of color, we officially banned the use of these technologies in the city of Santa Cruz,” Mayor Justin Cummings said on (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #facial #prédiction #reconnaissance #vidéo-surveillance #biais #pauvreté #surveillance #police (...)

##pauvreté ##ACLU

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Emotion, Gender Prediction Tech Should Be Banned from Brazil’s Metro : NGO Testifies
▻https://sociable.co/technology/emotion-gender-prediction-tech-should-be-banned-brazils-metro-ngo-testifies

Access Now, a non-profit that defends the digital rights of citizens around the world, presents an expert opinion in a lawsuit against São Paulo metro operator ViaQuatro and its use of facial categorization software to predict the age, gender and emotional state of passengers for advertisement purposes. ViaQuatro is a public-private concessionary responsible for the operation, maintenance and investments into Line 4 of São Paulo’s metro, which runs through some of the city’s busiest stations. (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #consentement #émotions #facial #prédiction #reconnaissance #sexisme #vidéo-surveillance #biais #discrimination #profiling #publicité #surveillance #LGBT # (...)

##publicité ##_ ##AccessNow

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Wrongfully Accused by an Algorithm
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/technology/facial-recognition-arrest.html

In what may be the first known case of its kind, a faulty facial recognition match led to a Michigan man’s arrest for a crime he did not commit. Note : In response to this article, the Wayne County prosecutor’s office said that Robert Julian-Borchak Williams could have the case and his fingerprint data expunged. “We apologize,” the prosecutor, Kym L. Worthy, said in a statement, adding, “This does not in any way make up for the hours that Mr. Williams spent in jail.” On a Thursday afternoon in (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #racisme #facial #reconnaissance #biais #discrimination #criminalité (...)

##criminalité ##police

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Etats-Unis : un Américain noir arrêté à tort à cause de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/06/24/un-americain-noir-arrete-a-tort-a-cause-de-la-technologie-de-reconnaissance-

Début janvier, Robert Williams a passé trente heures en détention parce qu’un logiciel avait jugé identiques la photo de son permis de conduire et l’image d’un voleur de montres. Un Américain noir a été arrêté à tort à cause de l’usage par la police de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale. Il s’agit de la première erreur de ce type documentée aux Etats-Unis, selon une plainte déposée mercredi 24 juin à Detroit. Début janvier, Robert Williams a passé trente heures en détention parce qu’un logiciel avait (...)

#Microsoft #IBM #Amazon #algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #police #racisme #facial #reconnaissance #biais (...)

##discrimination

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En détournant l’app Happn, un hacker peut tracer votre chemin en temps réel
▻https://cyberguerre.numerama.com/5827-en-detournant-lapp-happn-un-hacker-peut-tracer-votre-chem

Un chercheur français a mis au point un outil pour suivre ponctuellement les déplacements des utilisatrices et utilisateurs de l’app de rencontre Happn. Ce traçage est approximatif grâce aux protections de l’app, mais suffirait à perpétrer certains actes malveillants. Vous acceptez peut-être de fournir vos coordonnées GPS à l’app de rencontres française Happn dans l’espoir de trouver l’amour ou une aventure d’un soir. Mais savez-vous vraiment ce que ces données permettent de faire ? Happn revendique 70 (...)

#Happn #Tinder #GPS #géolocalisation #fraude #biais #SocialNetwork

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Opinion | I was wrongfully arrested because of facial recognition. Why are police allowed to use it ?
▻https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/24/i-was-wrongfully-arrested-because-facial-recognition-why-are-police-allowed-use-this-technology/?campaign_id=158&emc=edit_ot_20200625&instance_id=19710&nl=on-tech-w

Robert Williams is a resident of Farmington Hills, Mich., and client of the American Civil Liberties Union. I never thought I’d have to explain to my daughters why Daddy got arrested. How does one explain to two little girls that a computer got it wrong, but the police listened to it anyway ? While I was leaving work in January, my wife called and said a police officer had called and said I needed to turn myself in. I told her it was probably a prank. But as I pulled up to my house, a (...)

#algorithme #CCTV #biométrie #police #criminalité #facial #reconnaissance #biais #discrimination #ACLU (...)

##criminalité ##racisme

(3) Dr. Ay. Poulain Maubant sur Twitter : "Sur les biais racistes des IA mal entraînées / Twitter
▻https://twitter.com/AymericPM/status/1274577781335171072

Observez.
Depuis que quelqu’un a remarqué qu’un récent réseau de neurones capable de transformer un visage très pixellisé en un visage réaliste créait systématiquement des visages caucasiens, les expériences se multiplient pour démontrer le biais de cette #IA.

Il faut lire tout le thread avec plein d’exemples concrets.

#Intelligence_artificielle #Big_data #Deep_learning #Biais_raciste