#câble_sous-marin

#Angola: Il primo cavo di telecomunicazione sottomarino tra Africa e Sud America

Sarà completato entro la metà del 2018 il posizionamento del primo cavo di telecomunicazione sottomarino che attraversando l’oceano Atlantico meridionale collegherà l’Africa al Sud America. Il progetto è stato lanciato ufficialmente il 9 agosto nella capitale dell’Angola, Luanda, dopo mesi di indagini marine realizzate dall’azienda di telecomunicazioni #Angola_Cables e concluse ad aprile.

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DG8L3c5XYAA5pxn.jpg

a Mirai botnet perturbed Liberia’s internet connectivity

Liberia is connected to internet via only one undersea cable (part of ACE - African Coast to Europe) of 5.12 Tbps, shared between all 23 countries connected via ACE.

Mirai has been targeting IP addresses of Lonestarcell MTN, a telecom operators managing the Liberian ACE leg, flooding the pipe with 500 Gbps and thereby impacting Liberia’s internet several times. (well, the 6% of the country that actually has internet access).
Lonestarcell MTN is one of the 4 telecom operators

▻http://thehackernews.com/2016/11/ddos-attack-mirai-liberia.html

Many media, including BBC, PC World, The Guardian, Forbes, IBtimes, Quartz, Mashable, The Register, inaccurately reported that Liberia was totally cut off.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Cable_map18.svg

▻https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/11/did-the-mirai-botnet-really-take-liberia-offline

“Both our ACE submarine cable monitoring systems and servers hosted (locally) in LIXP (Liberia Internet Exchange Point) show no downtime in the last 3 weeks,” [the general manager of Cable Consortium of Liberia] said. “While it is likely that a local operator might have experienced a brief outage, we have no knowledge of a national Internet outage and there are no data to substantial that.”

Mirai announces its attacks here:

▻https://twitter.com/MiraiAttacks

#Mirai #DDoS #botnet
#undersea_cable #câble_sous-marin

SACS - the first 6200 km South Atlantic Cable System

The SACS submarine cable that will be built by NEC will connect Luanda, Angola to Fortaleza, Brazil. There it will be connected to the MONET cable that is currently being laid to connect Sao Paulo with Miami.

SACS:

http://www.nec.com/en/press/201604/images/0602_01.jpg

MONET:

http://www.angolacables.co.ao/file/image/false/c501748f-23c6-4300-8135-bdc04a615028/-/-/470x395261.jpg

In Luanda the cable will interconnect with the WACS - West Africa Cable System, which connects South Africa and other african countries to Great Britain since 2012 :

http://www.angolacables.co.ao/file/image/false/00ba9920-a02f-4678-adb1-d2b750e83074/-/-/wacs.jpg

The SACS cable consists of 4 fiber pairs, with an initial design capacity of 40Tb/s (100Gb/s x 100 wavelengths x 4 fiber-pairs). SACS will feature the latest optical technologies to provide the most advanced subsea telecommunications system, coupled with a control plane based on innovative Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology to serve bandwidth-intensive applications.

It is owned by Angola Cables, which is joint venture of five Angolan operators Angola Telecom (51%), Unitel (31%), MSTelcom (9%), Movicel (6%) and Startel (3%).

NEC is currently seeking the best ocean floor route. The cable is supposed to be operational mid-2018. It is the first South transatlantic cable connecting the African continent with Latin America.
Project cost: $160M

NEC announcement:

▻http://www.nec.com/en/press/201604/global_20160406_02.html

Angola Cables

▻http://www.angolacables.co.ao/en

A well-known, comprehensive, overall submarine cable map:

►http://www.submarinecablemap.com

#submarine_cable #câble_sous-marin

Comment Google, Facebook et Microsoft privatisent les océans - Le Temps
L es géants américains multiplient les projets de câbles sous-marins
« Si personne ne le fait, autant tout décider nous-mêmes et investir au mieux nos milliards ». Voilà ce que doivent se dire les dirigeants de Facebook, Google et Microsoft en contemplant le globe terrestre. La semaine passée, Google et Facebook ont annoncé leur intention de déployer un câble sous-marin long de 12’800 kilomètres entre Los Angeles et Hong Kong.

Ce sera l’un des câbles doté de la plus grande capacité, avec 120 térabits par seconde, permettant par exemple 80 millions de vidéo-conférences en haute définition entre des correspondants situés des deux côtés du #Pacifique. La mise en service est prévue pour 2018 et le budget n’est pas connu....
▻https://www.letemps.ch/economie/2016/10/16/google-facebook-microsoft-privatisent-oceans

https://assets.letemps.ch/sites/default/files/media/2016/10/17/file6rxu36c33tfyq777i8q.png

#google #microsoft #facebook #privatisation #Câble_sous-marin

MAREA: Microsoft and Facebook to build submarine cable across Atlantic : 160Tbps over 6600km

https://msdnshared.blob.core.windows.net/media/2016/05/MAREA-Cable.jpg

▻https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/server-cloud/2016/05/26/microsoft-and-facebook-to-build-subsea-cable-across-atlanti

The new MAREA [Spanish for “tide”] cable will help meet the growing customer demand for high speed, reliable connections for cloud and online services for Microsoft, Facebook and their customers. The parties have cleared conditions to go “Contract-In-Force” with their plans, and construction of the cable will commence in August 2016 with completion expected in October 2017.

[...]

MAREA will be the highest-capacity subsea cable to ever cross the Atlantic – featuring eight finer pairs and an initial estimated design capacity of 160Tbps. The new 6,600 km submarine cable system, to be operated and managed by Telxius [part of Telefónica], will also be the first to connect the United States to southern Europe: from Virginia Beach, Virginia to Bilbao, Spain and then beyond to network hubs in Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia. This route is south of existing transatlantic cable systems that primarily land in the New York/New Jersey region. Being physically separate from these other cables helps ensure more resilient and reliable connections for our customers in the United States, Europe, and beyond.

►http://www.wired.com/2016/05/facebook-microsoft-laying-giant-cable-across-atlantic

Microsoft offers Bing, Office365, and its Azure cloud services. Facebook has its social network along with Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and Instagram. The data moved by just a few online giants now dwarfs that of most others, so much so that, according to telecommunications research firm Telegeography, more than two thirds of the digital data moving across the Atlantic is traveling on private networks—namely networks operated by the likes of Google, Microsoft, and Facebook.

#submarine_cable #câble_sous-marin #câbles_sous-marins
#câble #câbles #personnellement_je_préfère_le_singulier_parce_que_plus_facile_pour_les_recherches

Russian Ships Near Data Cables Are Too Close for U.S. Comfort

Pentagon suspects/fears higher activity of Russian submarines and spy ships in the vicinity of internet submarine cables.

▻http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/26/world/europe/russian-presence-near-undersea-cables-concerns-us.html?_r=0

The ultimate Russian hack on the United States could involve severing the fiber-optic cables at some of their hardest-to-access locations to halt the instant communications

the concern is part of a growing wariness among senior American and allied military and intelligence officials over the accelerated activity by Russian armed forces around the globe

[...]

Just last month, the Russian spy ship Yantar, equipped with two self-propelled deep-sea submersible craft, cruised slowly off the East Coast of the United States on its way to Cuba — where one major cable lands near the American naval station at Guantánamo Bay.

Obviously, the americans know what they are talking about, cf Operation Ivy Bells (1971)

▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Bells

in October 1971 the United States sent the purpose-modified submarine USS Halibut (SSGN-587) deep into the Sea of Okhotsk. Divers working from the Halibut found the cable in 400 ft (120 m) of water and installed a 20 ft (6.1 m) long device, which wrapped around the cable without piercing its casing and recorded all communications made over it. The large recording device was designed to detach if the cable was raised for repair.

#submarine_cable #câble_sous-marin
#cable #câble

Google consortium “FASTER” 9000km, 60Tbps Pacific submarine cable to Japan has landed end June 2015.

http://www.nec.com/en/press/201408/images/1101-01.jpg http://i.gzn.jp/img/2015/06/15/kddi-faster/pey_8009.jpg

The 9,000-kilometer FASTER cable when operational in 2016 will have a peak capacity of 60 terabits per second (100Gb/s x 100 wavelengths x 6 fibre-pairs) joining Japan on two landing locations (Chikura and Shima) with Oregon on the West Coast of the U.S.
Cost: USD $300 million. Contract awarded to NEC as equipment supplier.

On the picture above in the back is the cable ship KDDI Pacific Link

▻http://www.k-kcs.co.jp/english/images/KPL%20Brochuer.pdf
▻http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/shipid:664203/mmsi:431575000/imo:9017824/vessel:KDDI_PACIFIC_LINK

According to the very good website on the submarine cables of the internet Builtvisible, by 2017 there will be about 238 fibre optic undersea cables.
▻https://builtvisible.com/messages-in-the-deep

▻http://www.computerworld.com/article/2939316/networking-hardware/googles-60tbps-pacific-cable-welcomed-in-japan.html

Roughly 99% of all transoceanic Internet data goes through submarine cables, which are designed to last decades. Several hundred systems link various parts of the world, and the FASTER cable is scheduled to be ready for service in the second quarter of 2016.

A video showing the NEC fibre optic missile-shaped repeaters, which can weigh between 200 and 700 kg. They are placed 40 to 100 km apart from each other:

▻http://www.computerworld.com/video/46469/these-giant-missile-shaped-devices-carry-the-internet-across-oceans.h

▻http://www.nec.com/en/press/201408/global_20140811_01.html

The six-company consortium is comprised of China Mobile International, China Telecom Global, Global Transit, Google, KDDI and SingTel. The name FASTER was adopted to represent the cable system’s purpose of rapidly serving surging traffic demands.

Pictures of the landing site can be found here:
▻http://gigazine.net/news/20150615-kddi-faster

The landing site:

http://i.gzn.jp/img/2015/06/15/kddi-faster/IMG_7281.jpg

The end of the cable (note, this is not the cable itself you see here, just the pulling structure):

http://i.gzn.jp/img/2015/06/15/kddi-faster/p1040964.jpg

The cable puller:

http://i.gzn.jp/img/2015/06/15/kddi-faster/p1050011.jpg

Entering the building:

http://i.gzn.jp/img/2015/06/15/kddi-faster/p1050041.jpg

#submarine_cable #câble_sous-marin

Trois jours de coupure Internet et téléphone au #Gabon, suite à la rupture d’un #câble_sous-marin (#SAT3). On (Maroc-Télécom, alias IAM, le propriétaire, qui a bénéficié de la privatisation de l’opérateur historique) parle de sabotage mais on ne peut pas dire qu’il y ait beaucoup de preuves.

▻http://www.h24info.ma/economie/maroc/sabotage-anti-filiale-maroc-telecom-le-gabon-sans-telephone-ni-internet/31999

▻http://arambo.net/?p=221

#résilience_Internet #privatisation

►http://geography.oii.ox.ac.uk/?page=internet-tube

“This schematic map shows a simplification of the world’s network of submarine fibre-optic cables.

The map uses data sourced from cablemap.info. Each node has been assigned to a country, and all nodes located in the same country have been collapsed into a single node. The resulting network has been then abstracted.”

http://geography.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/InternetTube.png

#cartography #Internet #submarine_cable

Contre l’espionnage américain, Brésil et Europe veulent leur câble sous-marin
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2014/02/25/bresil-et-europe-prevoient-un-cable-sous-marin-pour-eviter-l-espionnage-amer

Le Brésil et l’Union européenne se sont mis d’accord, lundi 24 février à l’issue du 7e sommet UE-Brésil organisé à Bruxelles, pour installer un #câble_sous-marin destiné à acheminer les télécommunications entre les deux continents. Le câble, qui relierait Lisbonne, au Portugal, à Fortaleza au Brésil, doit être placé d’ici à l’année prochaine, grâce à un partenariat entre l’entreprise brésilienne de #télécommunication Telebras et l’espagnol IslaLink Submarine Cables, ainsi que des fonds européens et brésiliens.

Après les révélations sur l’ampleur de la #surveillance des communications par l’Agence de sécurité américaine (NSA), son principal objectif est de contourner un éventuel #espionnage des Etats-Unis.

La Télégraphie océanique et l’expédition du Great-Eastern, par H. Blerzy, Revue des Deux Mondes, 2e période, tome 65, 1866 (pp. 521-548) - Wikisource
▻http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Télégraphie_océanique_et_l’expédition_du_Great-Eastern

Dans les derniers jours au mois de juillet de cette année, le #télégraphe, électrique annonçait à toute l’Europe un merveilleux succès. Un #câble_sous-marin qui venait d’être immergé à travers l’Atlantique établissait un lien direct entre les deux continens de l’ancien et du nouveau monde. Les dépêchés s’échangeaient d’Europe en Amérique ; une conversation pouvait être entretenue entre Talentia, sur la côte d’Irlande, et la baie de la Trinité, sur la côte de Terre-Neuve, à travers 3,100 kilomètres de mer et 70 degrés de latitude. Le résultat obtenu était d’autant plus remarquable que l’Atlantique, par la largeur et la profondeur qu’il présenté, est à coup sûr celui de tous les océans qui devait offrir le plus d’obstacles à la télégraphie sous-marine.

#cables #transatlantique

Très bon article sur la vulnérabilité des câbles sous-marins en #Australie, les raisons de cette vulnérabilité, les solutions, la notion de « zone de protection » (biene xpliquée), l’histoire (comme les attaques des australiens contre les câbles japonais pendant la guerre)...

▻http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/australias-vulnerable-submarine-cables

#câble_sous-marin #résilience

Le chargement de la fibre optique à bord d’un navire câblier, l’« Île de Bréhat ». On note que le câble est tiré à la main.

▻http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlrBMZTtN_o

#câble_sous-marin

8.000 kilomètres de #câbles_sous-marins pour le consortium BBG
▻http://www.boursier.com/actions/actualites/news/alcatel-lucent-8-000-kilometres-de-cables-sous-marins-pour-le-consortium-b

#Alcatel-Lucent va déployer un nouveau système de #câble_sous-marin de 100 Gigabit par seconde pour connecter Oman, les Émirats arabes unis, l’Inde, le Sri Lanka et la Malaisie , pour le compte d’un vaste consortium comprenant Vodafone, Dialog Axiata, Etisalat, Reliance Infocomm Jio, Omantel et Telekom Malaysia, opérateurs regroupés sous la bannière « Bay of Bengal Gateway » (BBG).

Le nouveau réseau permettra d’accroître la densité et la fiabilité de la connectivité internationale dans et hors des six pays via des points d’atterrissage prévus à Barka (Oman), Fujairah (Emirats Arabes Unis), Mumbai et Chennai (Inde), Ratmalana (Sri Lanka), Penang (Malaisie) et Singapour. L’exploitation commerciale du système qui représente 8.000 kilomètres de liens est prévue pour commencer d’ici la fin de 2014.

Parmi les risques peu connus des fonds marins pour les liaisons fibre optique qui y sont déposées il y a les #éruptions volcaniques qui, bien que peu fréquentes, peuvent causer de gros dégâts.

▻http://www.lafibreoptique.com/a-l-etranger/07012013%2Cun-cable-de-fibre-optique-sous-marin-endommage-par-un-vol

#câble_sous-marin

Dans la série « Comment détruire l’Internet », un assez bon article pratique, plutôt détaillé (mais un peu trop sensationnaliste) pour les apprentis génies du Mal.

►http://gizmodo.com/5912383/how-to-destroy-the-internet

Voir aussi ►http://seenthis.net/messages/63118 et ▻http://seenthis.net/messages/35174

#résilience #Internet #DNS #câble_sous-marin #it_has_begun