city:damascus

  • Jordan ponders a change of course on Syria | The National
    http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/jordan-ponders-a-change-of-course-on-syria

    “Since the beginning of the crisis, we haven’t operated against the regime at all, our relations with the regime have remained, and our diplomatic relations with Syria have also remained,” he said. “Our objective is to fight terrorism anywhere.”

    Crucially, Lt Gen Freihat noted that Jordan has remained in touch with the Syrian government despite his country’s ­anti-Assad position.

    Driving the backchannel contacts was the status of the border and the refugee flows that have placed social and economic strain on Jordan. The message from Amman was clear: once the Syrian army re-establishes control of the border, Jordan will move to reopen it completely.

    Less than a week after these remarks, Mohammed Al Momani, Jordan’s minister for information, echoed Lt Gen Freihat’s comments, stating Jordan had maintained diplomatic relations with Syria throughout the crisis and embassies in both countries remain open. Mr Al Momani noted that the Arab League had voted to suspend Syria’s membership and recall Arab ambassadors from Damascus, with Jordan voting in favour of the first motion, but abstaining from the latter.

  • Lavrov calls for Syria’s return to Arab League | News , Middle East | THE DAILY STAR
    https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2017/Feb-01/391854-lavrov-calls-for-syrias-return-to-arab-league.ashx

    Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Wednesday that Syria’s return to the Arab League would allow the organisation to play a role in finding a political solution to the country’s conflict.

    “The League could play a more important, more effective role if the Syrian government was part of the organisation,” Lavrov, whose country is a key ally of the Damascus regime and also a broker in peace efforts, told a press conference in the Emirati capital.

    He said Syria was a “legitimate” member of the United Nations and yet “can not take part in discussions inside the Arab League”.

    “This does not help our joint (peace) efforts,” said Lavrov.

    But Arab League chief Ahmed Aboul Gheit, who was also at the press conference, ruled out an early return of Syria to the Cairo-based organisation.

  • Does Syria really want to reconcile with Kurds?
    http://al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/01/turkey-syria-kurds-are-working-to-build-a-state.html

    After two meetings arranged by Russians at Khmeimim air base between the regime and the Kurds, a third meeting was held in Damascus, but without any representatives of TEV-DEM and the Kurdish nationalist Democratic Union Party (PYD), the dominant forces of the region. Only the less influential groups were invited, which raised questions about Damascus’ intentions.

    Alloush said that was a regime tactic to avoid a solution. “The PYD was not at Damascus because it has a defined, concrete project. Other Kurdish movements were there because they have no projects. In fact, our project is more suitable to the Syrian system," he said, noting that the other groups want an independent Kurdistan. “The regime knows this, and that is why it invites parties it cannot reconcile with. The regime has reconciliation feasibility with the PYD, but the regime doesn’t want reconciliation.”

    Inviting only Kurds to these meetings was not realistic, as Kurds are working with other communities. I asked Iso Gweriye, the head of the Syria Union Party and a member of the Syrian Democratic Assembly, about the nature of the Damascus meeting.

    Read more: http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/01/turkey-syria-kurds-are-working-to-build-a-state.html#ixzz4XNQAz6V7

  • Iran’s Revolutionary Guards reaps economic rewards in Syria | Middle East Eye
    http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/irans-revolutionary-guards-reaps-economic-rewards-syria-1697657278

    Iran’s government and entities close to the elite Revolutionary Guards have signed major economic contracts with Syria, reaping what appear to be lucrative rewards for helping President Bashar al-Assad regain control of parts of his country from rebels.

    An opposition group condemned the telecommunications and mining deals signed with Iran, Damascus’s main regional ally, as “looting” of the Syrian people and the country’s wealth by the “Iranian extremist militias”.

    Syria’s economy is shrinking fast as industrial and agricultural output falls after six years of civil war, and almost two-thirds of the population lives in extreme poverty.

    #Iran #Syria

  • Amid Syrian chaos, Iran’s game plan emerges: a path to the Mediterranean | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/08/iran-iraq-syria-isis-land-corridor

    The plan has been coordinated by senior government and security officials in Tehran, Baghdad and Damascus, all of whom defer to the head of the spearhead of Iran’s foreign policy, the Quds force of the Revolutionary Guards, headed by Major General Qassem Suleimani, who has run Iran’s wars in Syria and Iraq. It involves demographic shifts, which have already taken place in central Iraq and are under way in northern Syria. And it relies heavily on the support of a range of allies, who are not necessarily aware of the entirety of the project but have a developed vested interest in securing separate legs.

    #Iran #Syria

  • Damascus was 2-3 weeks from falling when Russia intervened | GulfNews.com
    http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/damascus-was-2-3-weeks-from-falling-when-russia-intervened-1.1963493

    The Syrian capital of Damascus was two to three weeks away from falling to terrorists when Russia intervened in support of Syrian President Bashar Al Assad, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said at a news conference on Tuesday.

    He also said that he had information that some European countries were considering wrecking upcoming Syria peace talks in Kazakhstan because they felt left out.

    #syrie

    • Une déclaration que commente ABA en y voyant, assez possiblement, l’indice d’une confirmation des désaccords russo-iraniens sur la conférence d’Astana. La déclaration de Lavarov revenant à dire, poliment, c’est nous seuls qui avons évité la chute du régime syrien. Ce qui signifie aussi, souligne ABA en conclusion, vous voyez que NOUS on intervient pour nos alliés... http://www.raialyoum.com/?p=604819

  • Desperate Assad conscripting 50-year-olds as beleaguered Syrian regime forces halved by deaths, defections and draft-dodging
    http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/13/desperate-assad-conscripting-50-year-olds-beleaguered-syrian/?WT.mc_id=tmg_share_tw

    Karim Habib never imagined he would join the millions of refugees fleeing his country, but on Monday he got a call he had long been dreading.

    A friend in the Syrian army informed him that he would soon be called up for military service, which the 48-year-old oil worker believed was long behind him. He decided to pack his bags and head for the border.

    “I did not think they would come for me,” he says from a relative’s house in Beirut, the capital of neighbouring Lebanon. “But they are recruiting more men now than at any other time during the war.

    “The regime is so desperate they are coming for anyone that can carry a weapon. The age limit is supposed to be 42, but now even those in their 50s and those with health problems are having to fight.

    "They are being stationed around the country - manning checkpoints in Aleppo and even on the frontlines around Damascus,” he said.

    #Syrie #conscription

  • US watched #ISIS rise in Syria and hoped to ‘manage’ it — Kerry on leaked tape -
    http://mondoweiss.net/2017/01/watched-manage-leaked

    “The reason Russia came in is because ISIL was getting stronger, Daesh was threatening the possibility of going to Damascus and so forth. And that’s why Russia went in. Because they didn’t want a Daesh government and they supported Assad.

    “And we know that this was growing. We were watching. We saw that Daesh was growing in strength, and we thought Assad was threatened. We thought, however, we could probably manage, that Assad would then negotiate. Instead of negotiating, he got Putin to support him.”

    Via angryarab

  • Changement de populations en Syrie

    Iran’s Syria project: pushing population shifts to increase influence | World news | The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/13/irans-syria-project-pushing-population-shifts-to-increase-influence?CMP

    n the valleys between Damascus and Lebanon, where whole communities had abandoned their lives to war, a change is taking place. For the first time since the conflict broke out, people are starting to return.

    But the people settling in are not the same as those who fled during the past six years.

    The new arrivals have a different allegiance and faith to the predominantly Sunni Muslim families who once lived there. They are, according to those who have sent them, the vanguard of a move to repopulate the area with Shia Muslims not just from elsewhere in Syria, but also from Lebanon and Iraq.

    The population swaps are central to a plan to make demographic changes to parts of Syria, realigning the country into zones of influence that backers of Bashar al-Assad, led by Iran, can directly control and use to advance broader interests. Iran is stepping up its efforts as the heat of the conflict starts to dissipate and is pursuing a very different vision to Russia, Assad’s other main backer.

    Russia, in an alliance with Turkey, is using a nominal ceasefire to push for a political consensus between the Assad regime and the exiled opposition. Iran, meanwhile, has begun to move on a project that will fundamentally alter the social landscape of Syria, as well as reinforcing the Hezbollah stronghold of north-eastern Lebanon, and consolidating its influence from Tehran to Israel’s northern border.

    “Iran and the regime don’t want any Sunnis between Damascus and Homs and the Lebanese border,” said one senior Lebanese leader. “This represents a historic shift in populations.”

    #Iran #Syrie #Chiites #Sunnites

  • Syrian Army, jihadist rebels reach temporary deal in Wadi Barada
    https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-jihadist-rebels-reach-temporary-deal-wadi-barada

    The Syrian Arab Army (SAA) and jihadist rebels have reached a temporary deal in the Wadi Barada area of rural Damascus that will allow government workers to repair the Al-Fijah Spring.

    Once the Al-Fijah Spring is repaired, water will be restored to the estimated 5 million people living in the capital city and Greater Damascus area.

    In exchange for allowing the workers to repair the Al-Fijah Spring, the government will allow for locals in Wadi Barada to have their cases settled by a amnesty committee and the non-locals to be transported to the Idlib Governorate.

    #syrie

  • Syria prepared for new round of violence: over 85% of belligerents are excluded from the ceasefire
    https://elijahjm.wordpress.com/2017/01/09/syria-prepared-for-new-round-of-violence-over-85-of-belligerents

    The main reason for this war preparation and the ceasefire rejection is the exclusion of the main groups who represent tens of thousands of militants. These are: the “Islamic State” (ISIS), Al-Qaida (Nusra/Fateh al-Sham) and similar jihadist groups, plus pro-Turkey Ahrar al-Sham.

     

    Despite the agreement on the ceasefire between Moscow and Ankara, essential countries involved in the Syria war, i.e. Saudi Arabia and Qatar, were excluded from the first round of the Astana peace talks and did not delegate their wishes to Turkey to negotiate on their behalf. These Middle Eastern countries refuse, to-date, to raise the white flag, and they still enjoy significant influence over tens of thousands of militants fighting in Syria, demonstrating the failure of the Russian-Turkish meeting in Kazakhstan. The exclusion of the US and Europe is also a factor presaging an unsuccessful outcome, a by-product of Russia’s pressing determination to end the Syrian conflict. Turkey has not said its last word: it has not committed to abide by Russia’s terms in reaching the end of the war in Syria. Moreover it has refrained from imposing on its proxy, Ahrar al-Sham, the signature and agreement on the ceasefire, and abandoning the choice of war: this despite the loss of Aleppo.

     

    Also, Damascus and its allies consider Russia is in too much of a hurry, trying to reach an immature political compromise for fear of being stuck in the Syrian quagmire. The “Afghanistan nightmare” seems to dominate the Russian politicians, causing the failure of two out of three ceasefires “imposed” by Russia these last months. It looks as if – at least according to Damascus and its allies – the third ceasefire is will fail dramatically, simply because conditions and circumstances for its success are absent.

  • Damas privée d’eau courante : gouvernement et rebelles se rejettent la faute - Moyen-Orient - RFI
    http://www.rfi.fr/moyen-orient/20161226-syrie-damas-privee-eau-courante-gouvernement-rebelles-rejettent-faute

    Damas privée d’eau courante : gouvernement et rebelles se rejettent la faute

    Quatre jours plus tard (https://seenthis.net/messages/556470), RFI (comme France-Cult au journal de 7 heures) s’interroge toujours gravement sur la responsabilité du régime dans la pollution des eaux de Damas...

    Pourtant, le Jabhat al-Nosra, par la voix de son chef sur place, un certain Qalamouni, a annoncé sa pleine responsabilité dans cette volonté d’assoiffer la population damascène. (http://www.raialyoum.com/?p=595410) Journalistes, encore un effort pour être vraiment...

    #syrie

    • Il faut dire que c’est la version de l’OSDH, une bonne “source” si l’on ose dire ! http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=58247 : And with the continued military operations in Wadi Barada, the regime authorities continue cutting off the water of the capital Damascus for the 11th day in a row, after they closed the pipelines that feed the capital and coming from Win al-Fijah in Wadi Barada, intersecting sources confirmed to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights that a state of discontent and resentment prevail the capital, as a result of the continued cutting of water, where the prices of mineral water and the water sold in the capital insanely rose, the citizens depend on the water of wells that were drilled in streets and parks, in addition to wells in pools at the capital, while the regime authorities organize pumping water from other sources to neighborhoods and suburbs in the capital Damascus

    • The story of water cut-off in Damascus: or how Western media report war crimes by rebels
      http://angryarab.blogspot.fr/2017/01/the-story-of-water-cut-off-in-damascus.html

      This is typical of Western media reporting about Syria. There were stories two weeks ago of how the Syrian rebels poured diesel in the water going to Damascus and how they detonated the springs going go Damascus. Some Syrian rebels supporters even did not deny it on social media. Throughout that time, Western media strictly ignored the story of cut off of water to Damascus. Wait. Until that is when the K street PR firms hired by US government to propagandize for the Syrian rebels came up with a story that Syrian regime caused the water cut off, and they produced “pictures” according to this silly New York Times propaganda account. Or they hide behind: the picture is too murky for anyone to know the truth. But why is the picture always clear when Syrian regime commit war crimes, but the picture gets only conveniently murky when the rebels commit war crimes? Who will please my heart — as we say in Arabic — and teach the first course on Media and Propaganda in the Coverage of Syria war in Western media. Which university will host such a course?

  • Damascus water supply cut after rebels pollute it with diesel
    http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2016/Dec-23/386585-damascus-water-supply-cut-after-rebels-pollute-it-with-diesel.a

    BEIRUT: The Damascus water authority said Friday it had been forced to cut supplies to the Syrian capital for a few days after rebels polluted the water with diesel.

    It said in a statement on its website that authorities would use water reserves until the problem was resolved.

    #rebelles...

  • Who profits from Turkey’s ’Sarajevo moment’?
    RT Op-Edge –
    Pepe Escobar | Published time: 20 Dec, 2016 15:40
    https://www.rt.com/op-edge/370997-turkey-ambassador-russian-assassination-syria

    (...) The Big Picture

    On the bilateral front, Moscow and Ankara are now working close together on counter-terrorism. Turkey’s defense minister was invited to Russia for anti-air defense system negotiations. Bilateral trade is booming again, including the creation of a joint investment fund. On the all-important energy front, Turkish Stream, despite the Obama administration’s obsession about its derailment, became the subject of state law in Ankara earlier this month.

    Atlanticists are appalled that Moscow, Ankara and Tehran are now fully engaged in designing a post-Battle of Aleppo Syrian future, to the graphic exclusion of the NATO-GCC combo.

    It’s under this context that the recent alleged capture of a bunch of NATO-GCC operatives – deployed under the US-led-from-behind “coalition” - by Syrian Special Forces in Aleppo must be interpreted.

    Syrian member of Parliament Fares Shehabi, the head of the Chamber of Commerce in Aleppo, published the names of the apprehended coalition officers; most are Saudi; there’s one Qatari; the presence of one Moroccan and one Jordanian is explained by the fact Morocco and Jordan are “unofficial” GCC members.

    And then there’s one Turk, one American (David Scott Winer) and one Israeli. So NATO shows up only via two operatives, but the NATO-GCC link is more than established. If this information proceeds – and that’s still a big “if” - these may well be coalition military personnel and field commanders, formerly advising “moderate rebels” and now a formidable bargaining chip in the hands of Damascus.

    Both NATO and GCC remain absolutely mum; not even non-denial denials have materialized. That might imply a made in the shade deal for the release of the high-value prisoners, further strengthening Damascus’ grip.

    It was President Putin who all but established a de facto Russia-Iran-Turkey axis dealing with facts on the Syrian ground – in parallel to the rhetoric-heavy, zero-solution UN charade going on in Geneva. Moscow diplomatically emphasizes that the work of the axis complement Geneva. In fact, it’s the only reality-based work. And it’s supposed to sign and seal definitive parameters on the ground before Donald Trump enters the White House.

    In a nutshell; the five-year (and running) NATO-GCC combo’s multi-billion dollar regime change project in Syria all but miserably failed. Wily Erdogan seems to have learned his realpolitik lesson. On the Atlanticist front nevertheless, that opens myriad avenues to channel geopolitical resentment.

    The Big Picture couldn’t be more absolutely unbearable for neocon/neoliberalcon Atlanticists. Ankara slowly but surely is veering the Eurasianist way; bye bye to the EU, and eventually NATO; welcome to the New Silk Roads, a.k.a. the China-driven One Belt, One Road (OBOR); the Russia-driven Eurasia Economic Union (EEU); the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO); the Russia-China strategic partnership; and Turkey as a key hub in Eurasia integration.

    For all that to happen, Erdogan has concluded Ankara must be on board the Russia-China-Iran long-term strategy to pacify and rebuild Syria and make it a key hub as well of the New Silk Roads. Between that and an “alliance” of fleeting interests with Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the US, it’s certainly a no-brainer.

    But make no mistake. There will be blood.

    #Alep-Est #Capture_officiers

  • IRIN | The Fall of Aleppo par Aron Lund
    https://www.irinnews.org/analysis/2016/12/13/fall-aleppo

    Nevertheless, as the rebel pocket finally collapsed on Monday and Tuesday, opposition media filled up with references to Srebrenica 1995 and Rwanda 1994, even to the Holocaust. These claims were not backed up by reporting and even overtly pro-rebel media channels had, at the time of writing, produced no evidence of anything remotely similar to these atrocities. According to a spokesperson, the UN had received reports about the killing of 82 civilians at the hands of pro-al-Assad forces on Tuesday. As horrifying as that is, it is no genocide.
    That said, the fears of opposition sympathisers in the city are real. Other deaths may have gone unreported and at this point no one is quite sure whether the evacuation deal will hold or what the future will bring. With no outside monitoring of the situation or of the conduct of al-Assad’s forces, there are great and legitimate concerns about the mistreatment of prisoners and vulnerable civilian populations. This gruesome chapter in Syria’s history is still being written.

    * A note on the population statistics: Throughout the conflict, the number of civilians in rebel-held eastern Aleppo has been hotly disputed. Until the rebel stronghold finally collapsed, the United Nations had put the number of people in the east city at 250,000-275,000. After the attack began, most UN estimates seemed to add up to around 140,000 civilians. On 9 December, I was told by UN OCHA spokesperson Russell Geekie that in the absence of definite information it would be premature to conclude that the UN number had been too high, though Geekie acknowledged that preliminary figures did seem to point in that direction. During my most recent visit to Damascus in October and November, Syrian officials provided wildly varying estimates that ranged from 97,000 people (according to Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem) to 200,000 people (according to al-Assad). On December 11, a Damascus-based source close to the Syrian government insisted, in an email interview, that the UN has allowed itself to be misled by opposition activists and told me that in a final count the total number of civilians in eastern Aleppo “will not exceed 100,000.”

  • The death of Aleppo: The fall of Aleppo to Bashar al-Assad’s soldiers seems imminent | The Economist
    http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21711605-west-and-sunni-muslim-world-are-impotent-face-russian-support

    WHEN rebel forces surged into the city of Aleppo, then Syria’s largest, in the summer of 2012, they hoped to establish an alternative seat of power that could rival the government’s in the capital, Damascus. But those hopes quickly faded as the operation to seize the city stalled. The rebels could only capture half of Aleppo, splitting the city in two. A lethal stalemate ensued.

    The rebel’s hopes of ever breaking the deadlock are now dead. In July, forces loyal to the Syrian government cut the last remaining road into the east, imposing a siege that has slowly strangled life there. Russian and Syrian warplanes have relentlessly bombed hospitals, schools and marketplaces, crippling civilian infrastructure. With the east on its knees, the regime launched a devastating ground offensive on November 15th to drive rebel forces out of the city.

    #syrie #alep

  • À Damas, la rue « Roi Abdelaziz al Saoud » rebaptisée rue « Hugo Chavez ». La France va-t-elle convoquer une réunion du Conseil de sécurité pour se pencher sur ce nouveau crime ?

    http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/in-syria-new-signage-reflects-changing-reality-1.1940118

    Residents of upscale Damascus in the habit of morning strolls near public parks were not surprised when municipality workers took down a blue signpost near the Al Rawda neighbourhood, with the words, “King Abdul Aziz Al Saud Street, founder of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”

    The street got its name in 1953, shortly after Abdul Aziz’s death, on the orders of then-President Adib Al Shishakli, who enjoyed warm relations with Saudi Arabia.

    The street was renamed “Hugo Chavez” in a slight to Saudi Arabia, who has been a staunch backer of Syria’s opposition.

  • The incredible story behind the Syrian protest singer everyone thought was dead
    http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/syria-civil-war

    Vous avez aimé la Gay Girl of Damascus ? Voici maintenant Qashoush, le faux poète de la révolution égorgé par le régime ? (Il y a des travaux universitaires sur son oeuvre, en France !) Bientôt peut-être on connaîtra l’histoire de la petite Twitteuse (anglophone) d’Alep, et même peut-être celle des enfants aux ongles arrachés de Deraa. Ca nous rappellera les bébés dans les couveuses de Koweït City, entre autres. #propagande #syrie

    So how come a blatantly false story went around Syria and the world? “I don’t know who spread the rumour,” Farhood told me, with uncharacteristic irritation. “I hope I find him.” But it was someone from the Local Coordinating Committees, the new- media-friendly opposition outfits receiving ad hoc support from the US and other western governments, who was quoted in newspaper articles in support of the story.

    The Syrian conflict was the first real YouTube war, where much of what we see comes via the grainy lens of a smartphone. Early on in the uprising some of Syria’s activists had put their faith in it to get their message out. They were encouraged to do so by foreign governments and well-meaning NGOs. As the vogue for “media activism” in western capitals developed, scores of young Syrians were invited to Turkey and paid up to ten times the Syrian national wage to make new media against the Syrian regime. None of it did their revolt any good. The resulting wall of made-for-YouTube agitprop compromised many young politicos and distracted them from the hard work of persuading their fellow Syrians away from the devil they knew. And in the end, when faced with the might of the Syrian regime and war-hardened Islamists, it turned out to be a very weak weapon anyway.

  • Syrian war threatens to escalate as Turkey accuses Damascus of attacking its troops - World Socialist Web Site
    http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2016/11/25/syri-n25.html

    Syrian war threatens to escalate as Turkey accuses Damascus of attacking its troops
    By Jordan Shilton
    25 November 2016

    Turkey’s Prime Minister and armed forces both accused the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad Thursday of conducting an airstrike on Turkish troops in the vicinity of al-Bab in the country’s north, resulting in three casualties.

    The incident threatens to escalate already sharp tensions between Ankara and Damascus into all-out war, posing the very real risk of direct clashes between the major powers.

    #syrie #turquie

  • Egyptian fighter jets arrive in Syria : report
    https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/egyptian-fighter-jets-arrive-syria-report

    DAMASCUS, SYRIA (2:20 P.M.) - Egyptian fighter jets landed for the first time at the Hama Military Airport this week, the Lebanon-based As-Safir newspaper reported on Wednesday morning.

    As-Safir claims that these Egyptian fighter jets will participate in the ongoing military operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham (ISIS), while also providing logistical support to the Syrian Arab Air Force (SAAYF).

    Redistribution des cartes au Moyen-Orient.

  • Islamic State v. al-Qaida
    Owen Bennett-Jones
    http://www.lrb.co.uk/v38/n21/owen-bennett-jones/islamic-state-v-al-qaida

    For Paul Rogers, violent jihadism is a symptom first and foremost of global inequality, a revolt from the margins by people who see no evidence that increases in total global wealth are a benefit to them. On the contrary, improvements in education and mass communication only mean that they can appreciate more clearly the extent of their disadvantage and marginalisation. In that sense they are not all that different from the Naxalites in India, the Maoists in Nepal and Peru and the Zapatistas in Mexico.

    There are other, on the face of it more surprising, non-religious sources of jihadi violence. The jihadists may have severely disrupted the international system of nation states, but they have had support in doing so from ‘enemy’ governments. The story of the United States and Saudi Arabia helping Osama bin Laden fight the Soviets in Afghanistan is now familiar. Iran supported Zarqawi in Iraq, tolerating his slaughter of Shias because he offered the most effective opposition to the US occupation of Iraq. Syria took the same view, allowing al-Qaida in Iraq’s fighters to slip across the border. One of Hillary Clinton’s leaked emails reveals that as recently as 2014 she believed Qatar and Saudi Arabia were providing ‘clandestine financial and logistic support’ to IS. Turkey also helped both organisations in Syria in the hope that they would oust Assad. Even Assad himself helped them. Calculating that the jihadists would not have the strength to oust him, he released them from jail, bought oil from IS and bombed the Free Syrian Army while leaving IS positions alone. Assad’s idea was to scare either the Americans or the Russians into defending his regime. Putin took the bait.

    These policies generally turn sour. A direct line can be drawn from American support for the Afghan Mujahidin to 9/11. Iran’s backing of Zarqawi may have helped Tehran gain influence in the power vacuum left by America’s withdrawal from Iraq, but the Iranians now find themselves having to raise militias to confront IS. Assad and Erdoğan both believed that, having used the violent jihadis to further their purposes in Syria, they could dispose of them when they were no longer needed. Whether that will be as easy as Ankara and Damascus hope remains an open question.

    There is another aspect to these machinations. Governments of all types reckon it is better to export violent jihadism than to experience it at home. The Saudis have been the most brazen advocates of this policy but before 9/11 many Middle Eastern governments complained that the UK offered sanctuary to Islamists in the hope that London would not be attacked. And papers captured in Osama bin Laden’s Abbottabad hideout revealed that the chief minister of Punjab, Shahbaz Sharif, offered al-Qaida a restoration of good relations with the Pakistan government in return for no attacks in his province.

    #apprentis_sorciers #mėdiocrité_meurtrière

  • In Germany, Syrians find mosques too conservative
    http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-germany-mosques-insig-idUSKCN12S0HE

    Hani Salam escaped civil war in Syria and survived the journey from Egypt to Europe. But when he saw men with bushy long beards at a mosque near his current home in Cologne last November, he was worried.

    The men’s appearance reminded him of Jaish al-Islam, the Islamist rebels who took over his hometown near Damascus, said Salam, 36, who wears a mustache but no beard. One of them told Salam that “good Muslims grow beards, not moustaches,” he recalled – a centuries-old idea that he dismisses.

    “Everything about this mosque made me feel uneasy,” he said.

    Syrians in Germany say many of the country’s Arab mosques are more conservative than those at home.

    Over two months, a dozen Syrians in six places of worship in three cities told Reuters they were uncomfortable with very conservative messages in Arabic-speaking mosques. People have criticized the way the newcomers dress and practice their religion, they said. Some insisted the Koran be interpreted word-for-word.

    […]

    The intelligence agency has advised local authorities against housing asylum-seekers near Salafist or Wahhabi mosques.

    “We know of at least 90 Islamist mosques where activities aimed at refugees are taking place. These mosques are largely Arab-dominated and influenced by Salafism,” said Hans-Georg Maassen, head of the agency.

    At the al-Nur mosque in Berlin, which is run by Wahhabis, Syrian Abed al-Hafian said he was alarmed by a strict interpretation of the Koran and Hadith, a collection of sayings of the prophet. He recalled a sentence from Hadith that the preacher quoted on his first Friday: ’Every novelty (in religion) is innovation, and every innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance leads to the hellfire.’

    “I had never heard that sentence in Syria,” said the 42-year-old father of three, who arrived in 2014. “The message is clear and is directed at us Muslims: ’Don’t you dare interpret your religion. Take the Koran word for word.’ It’s a problem.”

  • May it never end : The uncomfortable truth about the war in Syria
    http://m.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/May-it-never-end-The-uncomfortable-truth-about-the-war-in-Syria-419246

    Article de Septembre 2015

    No one will say this publicly, but the continuation of the fighting in Syria as long as there is a recognized authority in Damascus, allows Israel to stay out of the swamp.

    Seule la première partie du paragraphe est vraie comme le fait remarquer Baroud,
    http://original.antiwar.com/ramzy-baroud/2016/10/19/truth-syria-difficult-decipher

    Of course, Israel never truly “stayed out of the swamp”, but that is for a separate discussion.

  • Constructively Ambiguous - Carnegie Middle East Center - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
    http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64864

    The Clinton campaign website states that she would “conduct more intense and effective air strikes” and “provide additional support to Kurdish and Sunni rebel forces on the ground,” while creating “a coalition no-fly zone in the air coupled with safe zones on the ground.” These moves would not be directly aimed at toppling Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, but rather would seek to accomplish humanitarian goals while building “leverage and momentum for a diplomatic solution that removes Assad and brings Syria’s communities together” to fight the self-declared Islamic State. This is still Clinton’s official platform, as she confirmed in the presidential debate on October 9.

    These views place her starkly at odds with Trump, a Russian favorite whose anti-interventionist leanings suggest he would look to avoid any conflict with Damascus and Moscow. But what could have been an informative and ideologically charged debate between two candidates on opposite ends of the policy spectrum never came to pass. Instead, Trump’s chaotic presidential bid and his manifest lack of interest in foreign policy have allowed Clinton to maintain a certain ambiguity about her future intentions in Syria.

  • A no-fly zone for Aleppo risks a war that could engulf us all | Jonathan Steele
    https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/12/no-fly-zone-aleppo-war-russia-syria

    There are only three sensible ways to save Aleppo’s people. One is the voluntary departure of the jihadis who, in the words of UN envoy Staffan de Mistura, are holding civilians hostage. One could go further and say they are keeping eastern Aleppo’s civilians as human shields. Why, for example, have most people not left already, given the intensity of Russian bombing: is it that the jihadis are blocking people’s escape? Syria is also mired in a propaganda war, and in the heart-rending images that the rebels put out on social media about life and death in Aleppo, the seamier side of the armed groups’ control is suppressed.

    Hundreds of civilians recently left the besieged Damascus suburb of Daraya after the rebels gave in, with no reprisals from Assad forces. Gunmen were even allowed to keep their weapons and were taken by buses to rebel-held areas in the north.

    The second option is for Syrian government forces to retake the whole city, just as Iraqi forces retook jihadi-held Ramadi and Falluja in recent months. Iraqi barrel bombs and US airstrikes had left three-quarters of those cities in ruins, but civilians got the chance to rebuild their lives.

    The concept of an Assad victory will stick in the throats of hundreds of thousands of Syrians who have lost so much in the fight against him. But if the secular multicultural tolerance of pre-war Syria is to be restored, it is better to deny victory to the Sunni extremists who pose the main opposition to Assad, whether it is Islamic State, the al-Qaida-linked Jabhat al-Nusra or similar groups.

    The third option is a ceasefire. Last month’s Russian-US agreement provided for the superpowers to separate the al-Nusra fighters from those Syrian Islamists prepared to negotiate with Assad’s representatives in Geneva for a coalition government.

    The ceasefire never took hold because the Islamists refused to split. Al-Nusra understandably did not want to be isolated and left vulnerable to a joint US-Russian air campaign. So they used their dominance among the Aleppo fighters to press the other groups to stick with them. For their part, the non-Nusra fighters feared an alliance between the Americans, the Russians and Assad’s army.