• Unclear how big reserves are or when they can be mined
• Glencore holds small stake in ocean explorer DeepGreen
• Anglo American sold stake in Nautilus
• Environmentalists seek strict rules
China, the leading holder of international deep sea exploration licences, has increased its lead in the race for alternative sources of battery minerals by taking samples from cobalt-bearing mountains deep in the Pacific.
The cobalt-rich crusts could one day curb the world’s dependence on cobalt from Democratic Republic of Congo, but most companies say deep sea mining is a distant prospect.
Maersk Supply Service, part of shipping company Maersk , is working with Canada’s DeepGreen to harvest metallic rocks from the ocean floor.
“It is a promising business area with the potential for significant future growth,” Maersk Supply Service said in an email. “Production is a few years away.”
Miner-trader Glencore has a stake in DeepGreen which would eventually give Glencore 50 percent of any copper and nickel output.
Glencore declined to comment and DeepGreen had no immediate comment.
So far only Canadian-listed firm Nautilus Minerals has gone beyond the exploration stage to try and mine off the coast of Papua New Guinea, for copper, gold and silver, but it been slowed by funding issues and local opposition.
Anglo American sold its 4 percent stake in Nautilus in May, as part of efforts to retain only its most profitable assets.
Nautilus this week agreed a $600,000 loan to shore up its balance sheet. It was not immediately available for further comment.
While Nautilus wants to mine Papua New Guinea’s territorial waters, international waters are regulated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), an agency set up by the United Nations to manage the seabed and protect the marine environment.
China, is in pole position in international waters as the holder of four of the 29 deep sea ISA exploration contracts granted so far, more than any other nation.
Along with Glencore, the country already dominates world cobalt supplies, mostly from the politically volatile Democratic Republic of Congo.
