#computer-science

The 10 Computer Scientists That Made Computers Mainstream
▻https://hackernoon.com/10-greatest-computer-scientists-who-ever-lived-c4ee813bbba3?source=rss--

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These are scientists that made a significant contribution to the field and will be forever remembered for their work.Here are 10 Computer Scientists who made history.1. Alan TuringAlan Turing is an English computer scientist, widely considered to be the father of computer #science. The prestigious “Turing Award” was named after him — an award given to those in computer science who make a significant contribution to the industry. Turing worked for the British Government, playing a pivotal role in cracking intercepted coded messages and enabling the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial engagements. Despite the sheer brilliance of his work, he was not fully recognised for his contributions as he was a homosexual, which was illegal in the UK at the time.Alan Turing’s biography2. Tim (...)

#technology #computer-science #programming #tech

How to Pass a #programming #interview
▻https://hackernoon.com/how-to-pass-a-programming-interview-57504817df3d?source=rss----3a8144eab

A Hiring Platform’s Nine-Part Guide for ProgrammersBY AMMON BARTRAM ON MAR 8, 2016. This post started as the preparation material we send to our candidates, but we decided to post it publicly.Being a good programmer has a surprisingly small role in passing programming interviews. To be a productive programmer, you need to be able to solve large, sprawling problems over weeks and months. Each question in an interview, in contrast, lasts less than one hour. To do well in an interview, then, you need to be able to solve small problems quickly, under duress, while explaining your thoughts clearly. This is a different skill [1]. On top of this, interviewers are often poorly trained and inattentive (they would rather be programming), and ask questions far removed from actual work. They bring (...)

#computer-science #startup #career-advice

CS Degrees Are Mostly Just Signaling — An Interview With Economist Bryan Caplan
▻https://hackernoon.com/cs-degrees-are-mostly-just-signaling-an-interview-with-economist-bryan-c

CS Degrees Are Mostly Just Signaling — An Interview With Economist Bryan CaplanBY CHARLES TREICHLERThe main thing I’d say about computer science is that [programmers] have a self-concept of being totally skills-driven, but if you actually look at employment in computer science, that’s not how it works. Degrees from leading schools really do seem to matter. They really do seem to open doors.In his controversial book, The Case Against #education, Dr. Bryan Caplan, Professor of Economics at George Mason University, uses statistical analysis to argue that our eduction system is a big waste of time and money. But he isn’t suggesting that you should drop out. Data shows that education pays big dividends (the so-called education premium), and Caplan does not dispute that fact.What he does question is (...)

#programming #hackernoon-top-story #cs-education #computer-science

Introduction to The Machine Learning Stack
▻https://hackernoon.com/introduction-to-the-machine-learning-stack-f5b64bba7602?source=rss----3a

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Introduction to the machine learning stackData science is the underlying force that is driving recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). This has lead to the enormous growth of ML libraries and made established #programming languages like Python more popular than ever before.It makes sense to put them all together (even though they’re not interchangeable) because there’s significant overlap. In some ways we can say that data science is about producing insights, while AI is about producing actions, and ML is focused on making predictions.To better understand the inner workings of data science in AI and ML, you will have to dive right into the machine learning engineering stack listed below to understand how it’s used.As part of our research for Springboard’s (...)

#machine-learning #artificial-intelligence #technology #computer-science

The Coder’s Axiom
▻https://hackernoon.com/the-coders-axiom-7881e88d495d?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3---4

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What if there was a way to remove opinions and personal preferences from the equation and unambiguously determine what code is better given two competing solutions?The only thing that developers have to agree upon is the axiom itself. With unanimity reached on this single point, mountains of subjective discussions suddenly become irrelevant and valuable time is reclaimed.Deference to unwanted authority is unnecessary as we make progress to a decentralized world.A handrail becomes available for developers to help them make countless decisions throughout their days. The haunting feeling of uncertainty is replaced with welcomed confidence.I came up with this idea about 5 years ago and it has withstood intense scrutiny from developers and architects at various companies since then. I (...)

#software-architecture #computer-science #coding #code-review #programming

Public Key #cryptography Simply Explained
▻https://hackernoon.com/public-key-cryptography-simply-explained-e932e3093046?source=rss----3a81

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Photo by Liam Macleod on UnsplashPublic key cryptography seems magical to everyone, even those who understand it. In this post, I’m going to explain public key cryptography. Public Key Cryptography is based on asymmetric cryptography, so first let us talk about symmetric cryptography.▻https://medium.com/media/c28f9fc84629b8f11d5c569ae4d99c81/hrefSymmetric CryptographyYour front door is usually locked by a key. This key unlocks & locks your front door. With symmetric cryptography, you have one key which you use to unlock and lock things.Only people with the key or a copy of the key can unlock the door. Now, imagine you’re on holiday in Bali. You want to invite your friend around to look after your cat ? while you’re on the beautiful beaches ?️.Before the holiday, you give your friend the (...)

#hacking #security #programming #computer-science

What is Amazon Lightsail?
▻https://hackernoon.com/what-is-amazon-lightsail-beaef47dd64e?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3---4

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Amazon Lightsail LogoIf you are new to #aws and looking to deploy some servers for your applications then AWS Lightsail may be the best starting point for you.Unlike Amazon EC2, you are given a nice interface where you can select preconfigured plans that may cover most of your use cases.Just with 3–4 clicks you can launch a WordPress website running on Linux server.You also don’t have to worry about determining the cost since the cost is fixed monthly.Along with servers, you can also create databases, load balancers, and storage on Lightsail.Now let’s get practical and quickly launch a Node server with Lightsail!Launching an InstanceFirst, log into your AWS console and in the All Services tab under Compute you will find Lightsail. Click on it, it will open the Lightsail dashboard in a new (...)

#amazon-lightsail #cloud-computing #computer-science #software-development

An Introduction to Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net #regression
▻https://hackernoon.com/an-introduction-to-ridge-lasso-and-elastic-net-regression-cca60b4b934f?s

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A guide to Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net Regression and applying it in RRegression analysis is a statistical technique that models and approximates the relationship between a dependent and one or more independent variables. This article will quickly introduce three commonly used regression models using #r and the Boston housing data-set: Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net.First we need to understand the basics of regression and what parameters of the equation are changed when using a specific model. Simple linear regression, also known as ordinary least squares (OLS) attempts to minimize the sum of error squared. The error in this case is the difference between the actual data point and its predicted value.Visualization of the squared error (from Setosa.io)The equation for this model is (...)

#programming #machine-learning #computer-science

Les décrocheurs des cours en ligne Agence Science-Presse - 4 février 2019 - Le devoir
▻https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/education/547027/les-decrocheurs-des-cours-en-ligne

Ce n’est peut-être plus une surprise que d’apprendre que les étudiants qui s’inscrivent aux cours en ligne, ou MOOC (Massive open online courses), sont très peu nombreux à se rendre jusqu’au bout. Mais à partir de quel seuil pourrait-on parler d’un échec ? Une étude amène pour la première fois des chiffres ▻http://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6423/130 permettant de conclure que les MOOC sont devenus quelque chose de différent de ce qu’ils annonçaient au départ.

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Photo : iStock Parmi 1,1 million d’étudiants inscrits pour la première fois en 2015-2016, seulement 12% étaient à nouveau inscrits l’année suivante.

Leur promesse, c’était celle d’un accès gratuit, pour la planète entière, à une éducation de qualité. Ils sont plutôt devenus une aide technique aux établissements d’enseignement qui veulent offrir des cours en ligne. Deux chercheurs du Laboratoire des systèmes d’enseignement du Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Justin Reich et José A. Ruipérez-Valiente, décrivent dans la revue Science six années — de 2012 à 2018 — couvrant 12,6 millions d’inscriptions.

La principale découverte derrière ces données n’est pas que seul un petit nombre de ces inscrits avaient l’intention d’obtenir un diplôme. C’est plutôt que même le pourcentage de ceux qui ont terminé leur formation a diminué d’année en année. Y compris chez ceux qui avaient payé pour suivre les cours dits « vérifiés », quoique dans leur cas, la diminution ne s’observe que dans la dernière année.

En chiffres : parmi l’ensemble des inscrits, 6 % avaient terminé leur formation en 2013-2014, contre 3,13 % l’an dernier. Parmi les « vérifiés », le pourcentage avait augmenté de 50 à 56 % entre 2014-2015 et 2016-2017, pour retomber à 46 % l’an dernier.

Et le faible taux de retour est également troublant : parmi 1,1 million d’étudiants inscrits pour la première fois en 2015-2016, seulement 12 % étaient à nouveau inscrits l’année suivante. Ce « taux de retour » est en déclin depuis la deuxième année du programme (où il était de 38 %).

Les auteurs concluent par une leçon de prudence pour les milieux universitaires : une démocratisation de l’enseignement supérieur ne pourra pas se contenter de s’appuyer sur de nouvelles technologies, que ce soit la réalité virtuelle ou l’intelligence artificielle. « Une expansion significative des possibilités d’éducation chez les populations mal desservies nécessitera des efforts politiques pour changer l’orientation, le financement et les objectifs de l’enseignement supérieur. »

#MOOC #enseignement #savoirs #université_en_marche #université #néo-libéralisme #université_néolibérale #teamwork #education #computer-science #cours_en_ligne

Working through Sipser, a textbook on Theoretical Computer Science
▻https://hackernoon.com/working-through-sipser-a-textbook-on-theoretical-computer-science-3ded71

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— with John K. GibbonsRepresentation of a Turing Machine,My friend John and I have been meeting weekly to workout, have dinner, and in some cases, to study together.Recently, John and I decided to work through a textbook on theoretical computer science together. For John, this was new material, and he wanted to apply to graduate school. For me, it was old hat; I had taken one undergraduate and one graduate course on this, about 30 years ago. Both of us are older than most students, but we are both dedicated to perpetual learning.More importantly, John was fascinated by the famous “P=NP” problem, and I am interested in the edges of “Church’s Thesis” (more on both below.)We chose Introduction to the Theory of Computation (Second Edition) by Michael Sipser. According to the preface, “This book is (...)

#complexity-theory #theoretical-mathematics #education #self-study #computer-science

A realistic roadmap to becoming a #python developer
▻https://hackernoon.com/a-realistic-roadmap-to-becoming-a-python-developer-ab5872959509?source=r

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This is a highly opinionated, pseudo-motivational, unconventional and almost rant-like developer roadmap article.This article is more than a compilation of best books/videos/courses to learn Python and covers the bigger issues that a beginner/early-intermediate faces on their journey. These are the undocumented problems Stack Overflow does not solve.Why Python ?Why should you learn Python anyway? Why not one of the 20 other languages trending right now? As you’re beginning your journey, this questions crops up multiple times (a day).Picking your first #programming language is a lot like picking a starter pokemon.The inherent capabilities of a language are less significant than the skill of the programmer in using said language and their grit to make it into the big league.If you want to (...)

#software-development #technology #computer-science

Monkey Thinking
▻https://hackernoon.com/monkey-thinking-7241e9db353e?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3---4

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Let’s begin with this music video…▻https://medium.com/media/0ea26cbdfe8f558064d2355d815c0aef/hrefWithout a doubt this is my favourite song and since hearing it first in late 2013, I’ve probably listened to it a few times each week since. It was during one of those weeks that I started working on a feature for a programming-project that heavily uses natural-language processing/understanding and it was during this song, that I asked myself:What’s the difference with how I hear this song and how the computer hears it?The key in answering this is to first consider how computers attempt to emulate our own physiological processes when we hear the opening line, “Have you got colour in your cheeks’…”. So, how do we hear that?When Matt Helders (the drummer in the Arctic Monkeys) starts with the (...)

#monkey-thinking #engineering #computer-science #medicine #neuroscience

Interpreted, compiled. what. ever.
▻https://hackernoon.com/interpreted-compiled-what-ever-7edebf774ed1?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3--

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CPUs speak only one language; they don’t care what language you write inProgrammers tend to make a big deal over the supposed difference between compiled languages and interpreted ones. Or dynamic languages vs. statically typed languages.The conventional wisdom goes like this: A compiled language is stored in machine code and is executed by the CPU with no delay, an interpreted language is converted to machine language one instruction at a time, which makes it run slowly. Dynamic languages are slower because of the overhead of figuring out type at runtime.The reality is nothing like thisA long long time ago, when programmers wrote to the bare metal and compilers were unsophisticated, this simplistic view may have been somewhat true. But there are two things that make this this patently (...)

#computer-science #software-engineering #software-development #programming #coding

“But It’s Your Major.” So what ?
▻https://hackernoon.com/but-its-your-major-so-what-df5eb280f5d9?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3---4

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How #college makes students reconsider their love of programmingphoto by MochiMagazineI’ve heard this phrase too many times since coming into college, and I can’t help but feel as though there is a great deal of stigma towards people trying to discover their passion.I am currently in my first semester as a college freshman at New York University’s Tandon School of Engineering, and I am an Asian person studying computer science. I enjoy attending #hackathons — not for the Soylent, not for the free food, but simply to learn. My computer desktop is littered with cloned GitHub repositories, and my CPU constantly jacked by unclosed Terminal windows, Sublime Text files, and StackOverFlow tabs. My laptop case is plastered by stickers, all of which I have acquired from hackathons.The classic, bon fide (...)

#copmuter-science #computer-science-class #but-its-your-major

Implementing Google’s Pagerank Algorithm
▻https://hackernoon.com/implementing-googles-pagerank-algorithm-88069314fb3d?source=rss----3a814

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As a student of programming and, to an extent, computer science, I frequently find new and exciting historical achievements to fascinate me, at least within the realm of computer science. This time, it was Machine Learning, but more than that, it was Google’s Pagerank algorithm. What’s more, it started with an interest in how to increase my internet visibility, then it turned to how does Google decide what gets shown and what stays hidden, finally it turned to “how do I implement this?”. These questions that I continuously ask myself lead to greater and more frequent discoveries.Well, how does Google decide what gets shown and what stays hidden? In the simplest of terms, it is based on how many times your webpage links to a different webpage and what is the quality of information on the (...)

#machine-learning #data-science #computer-science #pagerank-algorithm #seo

What is Amazon Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)
▻https://hackernoon.com/what-is-amazon-elastic-load-balancer-elb-16cdcedbd485?source=rss----3a81

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credits — wikipedia.orgAmazon #elb allows you to make your applications highly available by using health checks and distributing traffic across a number of instances.Consider that you have a WordPress blog which is running on a single t2-micro EC2 instance.Now you publish an article, it goes viral and your site gets hundreds of thousands of requests. Since you are using a single t2-micro, your website will probably crash.So, what can you do to avoid this?You may decide to launch a larger instance like an m5-large in place of t2-micro. This is called vertical scaling when you replace an instance with a more powerful instance.But vertical scaling isn’t always economical.Another approach can be to use a bunch of smaller instances like t2-micros and distribute the website traffic between them. (...)

#aws #computer-science #cloud-computing #elastic-load-balancer

The Main Weakness with MOOCs
▻https://hackernoon.com/the-main-weakness-with-moocs-40d85de9fafe?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3---4

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Image credit to Davin EdvardWhen entering the world of coding, you will quickly realize how essential team work really is. Though this begs a new question, if team work is a complete necessity in the coding world, why do MOOCs (Massive Open Online Course) not provide a team working aspect to them? Would it even be feasible to include a team work portion to these #programming courses?These courses, known as MOOCs, offered by Coursera, Edx, Udacity and many other sources provide excellent instruction to help an individual hone their coding skills. There are discussion boards to ask for help along with great reading resources to reference in order to provide help through each assignment. They encourage the use of Stack Overflow. These courses are great to help with mastery of the “hard (...)

#teamwork #education #computer-science #mooc

Computational Knowledge With Stephen Wolfram
▻https://hackernoon.com/computational-knowledge-with-stephen-wolfram-c97673242de3?source=rss----

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You have probably heard of Wolfram and their infamous founder, Stephen Wolfram, without knowing exactly what they offer. I would guess that many people’s interaction with the company is through WolframAlpha, possibly via Siri, but their technologies go further and deeper.I recently interviewed Stephen at the Collision conference and thought it was a good time to dig more into their suite of tools.▻https://medium.com/media/f7d2bf7fbb851a10655068d1a0c3ac0b/hrefThe Wolfram LanguageAt the core of all the products is the Wolfram language, and the ultimate getting started guide is the book and accompanying interactive tutorials written by Stephen himself.The language claims a unique place, calling itself ‘knowledge-based,’ in that the language starts with a body of data sets and knowledge that you (...)

#image-processing #machine-learning #computer-science #wolfram-language #data-visualization

Who needs #painkillers when you have virtual reality?
▻https://hackernoon.com/who-needs-painkillers-when-you-have-virtual-reality-9acd91fceb8b?source=

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Photo by JESHOOTS.COM on UnsplashVirtual reality, in most cases, can replace pain medication or be used as a sedative.IntroductionImage of Blain Baxter from here10-year-old Blaine Baxter injured his arm in a go-karting accident last year. Painful daily dressing changes at the hospital made him so anxious he had to be sedated. Not only was the sedation costing money, but Blaine was still anxious before the sedation.Two weeks into his stay at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, a team of pain management specialists suggested he tried playing games using the Samsung Gear VR. This was such an effective distraction that Blaine didn’t need sedation anymore.This is one case of many where virtual reality has been used to replace sedation or painkillers in a hospital. In this article, (...)

#painkillers-vr #virtual-reality #medicine #computer-science

#timsort — the fastest sorting algorithm you’ve never heard of
▻https://hackernoon.com/timsort-the-fastest-sorting-algorithm-youve-never-heard-of-36b28417f399?

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Photo by Marc Sendra martorell on UnsplashTimsort: A very fast , O(n log n), stable sorting algorithm built for the real world — not constructed in academia.Image of Tim Peter from hereTimsort is a sorting algorithm that is efficient for real-world data and not created in an academic laboratory. Tim Peters created Timsort for the Python #programming language in 2001. Timsort first analyses the list it is trying to sort and then chooses an approach based on the analysis of the list.Since the algorithm has been invented it has been used as the default sorting algorithm in Python, Java, the Android Platform, and in versions of GNU.Timsort’s big O notation is O(n log n). To learn about Big O notation, read this.From hereTimsort’s sorting time is the same as Mergesort, which is faster than most of the (...)

#computer-science #fastest-sorting-algorithm #sorting-algorithms

Like Data Analytics ? Learn Some #economics First
▻https://hackernoon.com/like-data-analytics-learn-some-economics-first-67b16926ceab?source=rss--

Data analytics is one of the fastest growing jobs. But, you can be even more successful in it with at least some knowledge of economics. In particular, these techniques can help you create your own mini research lab in your startup so that you have the resources of a large company to produce useful business intelligence analysis, while still remaining agile and lean.Having finished my doctorates in both a traditional economics and a less traditional computer science-ish department at Stanford, I’ve had the opportunity and pleasure to interact with a wide range of quantitative data science techniques. Both departments have different styles, but their approaches are highly complementary, which is being increasingly recognized by economists, such Susan Athey and Sendhil (...)

#data-science #entrepreneurship #statistics #computer-science

#devops and Behind the Scenes
▻https://hackernoon.com/devops-behind-scenes-817d586a1548?source=rss----3a8144eabfe3---4

First of all, this is not an article for telling everyone what DevOps is. There are dozens of those out there. This, however, is the bitter truth of the IT business and what DevOps approach can provide to your business.Background storyI have been traveling around the world for the last decade, mostly for business purposes. Most of these visits were for field engineering; solution deployment/design, project management or high-risk change management during nightly maintenance windows.In most cases, a business traveler is on a tight schedule and runs from meeting to meeting, therefore does not have the time to discover the city itself. However, I find myself very lucky to have had such an experience. It is not only because I had a chance to meet with many people and got to taste nice (...)

#continuous-integration #computer-science #information-technology #engineer

Four Semesters of Computer Science in Five Hours…Phew!
▻https://hackernoon.com/four-semesters-of-computer-science-in-five-hours-phew-53dd8779b79f?sourc

My blogs chronicle my experience as a technologist making my way into Silicon Valley. I am a queer person of color, gender non-conforming, immigrant, and ex-foster youth. I come from a non-traditional coding background. I studied a few CS courses in college and ended up majoring in the humanities before becoming a teacher. Teaching web development to under served teens turned me on to coding. After finishing at a coding school, I began working at start ups in San Francisco. Half of my blogs are about technical subjects and the other half are about equality and tech access (my journey).Chose another tutorial from Brian Holt this week. What I love about learning from Brian is that he understands self-learning, well because he admits to dropping out of college and being self-taught. He (...)

#javascript #algorithms #computer-science #interview-questions #cs-classes

The two hard problems in computer science
▻https://hackernoon.com/the-two-hard-problems-in-computer-science-2a42ec008eee?source=rss----3a8

There are only two hard problems in computer science:0) Cache invalidation1) Naming things5) Asynchronous callbacks2) Off-by-one errors3) Scope creep6) Bounds checkingThe two hard problems in computer science was originally published in Hacker Noon on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

#computer-science #incorrect-tagging #humor #programming

COMPUTER SCIENCE : EXPECTATION OF COMMUNITY VS REALITY
▻https://hackernoon.com/computer-science-expectation-of-community-vs-reality-f11e7a3ae47e?source

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A PICTURE BY IZ ZYComputer Science is a perfect career only if you are willing to work really hard in it. I have heard a lot a people who are trying for engineering are not interested in Computer Science. The main reason behind this they assume is that they do not have sufficient knowledge of Computer.In today’s world of digital information, everyone is busy offering customer services or their product at free or minimal rates which we can all afford. The social website like Facebook and searching platform like Google provides free of services. But what we do not know is that nobody in this world wants to work for free. Hence, they end up collecting information about the users and end them selling up to the third-party companies to make money. Even the NSA, USA keeps track of all the (...)

#computer-science #anonymous #open-source #privacy #contribution