country:hungary

Joseph Roth – les oeuvres en six volumes en ligne
▻http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Joseph_Roth

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Joseph_Roth_%281926%29.jpg

▻https://archive.org/details/JosephRothWerke1

Emperor of Nostalgia

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“Austro-Hungary is no more,” wrote Sigmund Freud to himself on Armistice Day, 1918. “I do not want to live anywhere else…. I shall live on with the torso and imagine that it is the whole.” Freud spoke for many Jews of Austro-German culture. The dismemberment of the old empire, and the redrawing of the map of Eastern Europe to create new homelands based on ethnicity, worked to the detriment of Jews most of all, since there was no territory they could point to as ancestrally their own. The old supranational imperial state had suited them; the postwar settlement was a calamity. The first years of the new, stripped-down, barely viable Austrian state, with food shortages followed by levels of inflation that wiped out the savings of the middle class and violence on the streets between paramilitary forces of left and right, only intensified their unease. Some began to look to Palestine as a national home; others turned to the supranational creed of communism.

Nostalgia for a lost past and anxiety about a homeless future are at the heart of the mature work of the Austrian novelist Joseph Roth. “My most unforgettable experience was the war and the end of my fatherland, the only one that I have ever had: the Austro-Hungarian monarchy,” he wrote in 1932. “I loved this fatherland,” he continued in a foreword to The Radetzky March. “It permitted me to be a patriot and a citizen of the world at the same time, among all the Austrian peoples also a German. I loved the virtues and merits of this fatherland, and today, when it is dead and gone, I even love its flaws and weaknesses.” The Radetzky March is the great poem of elegy to Habsburg Austria, composed by a subject from an outlying imperial territory; a great German novel by a writer with barely a toehold in the German community of letters.

Guide to the Papers of Joseph Roth (1894-1939), 1897-1995
▻http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=121485

Joseph Roth’s papers at the Leo Baeck Institute Archives consist of handwritten and typewritten manuscripts of novels, novellas, short stories, and essays, including mostly complete manuscripts of his works (The Ballad of the Hundred Days), (The Bust of the Emperor), and his ’Trozki’ novel (The Silent Prophet). Joseph Roth’s journalistic work is also well represented. There are a few personal items and over one hundred photographs of Joseph Roth and his wife Friederike. The Joseph Roth collection also contains correspondence with family and publishers, clippings about Joseph Roth, and reviews of his work. The addenda mostly consist of invitations to conferences and exhibitions, and scholarly articles on Joseph Roth’s work and life.

The collection is in German, English, Polish, French, Russian, Dutch, Italian, Hebrew, and Ukrainian.

#auf_deutsch

Hungary Reaches Deal on Russian Nuclear Fuel Supply With Euratom: MTI - NYTimes.com
▻http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2015/03/25/world/europe/25reuters-hungary-nuclear-eu.html

Hungary has reached an agreement with the Euratom Supply Agency (ESA) regarding Russia’s planned supply of nuclear fuel for the country’s Paks power plant, the prime minister’s chief of staff, Janos Lazar, told national news agency MTI late on Tuesday.

The European Commission will also soon approve the fuel agreement, Lazar said after talks in Brussels with the EU’s Commissioner for Climate and Energy, Miguel Arias Canete.

Under the agreement, Russia will supply fuel for the plant for the first 10 years, Lazar said.

Last year, Hungary selected Russia’s Rosatom to build two nuclear power blocks of 1,200 megawatts each at its Paks power plant, financed partly by a favorably priced Russian loan worth 10 billion euros.

“Hungary had accepted the concerns of the European Commission, and we will settle the fuel supply deal for the Paks nuclear plant based on the Finnish model,” Lazar was cited by MTI as saying.

Lazar said the solution was also acceptable to Russia. Under the original deal signed with Moscow in January 2014, Russia would have supplied fuel for the new reactors in Paks for 20 years.

Afghan refugees stranded in freezing Serbian conditions

Escaping continuing violence, many Afghans have fled their war-torn country looking for a better life in the EU.

Hundreds of refugees have ended up in the town of Subotica, northern Serbia, as they wait for human traffickers to smuggle them across the border into Hungary, an EU member state.

Once over the border, the refugees will have entered the Schengen zone, which allows EU citizens to cross into member countries without border checks - making the onward journey of the migrants much easier.

Hungarian authorities patrol the frontier region permanently to prevent migrants crossing into the EU.

On a daily basis, dozens of would-be immigrants are caught by border police and a voluntary organisation of civil guards in a narrow border region south of Szeged, 170km south of Budapest, the Hungarian capital.

With temperatures dropping to -20 degrees celcius during the winter, circumstances are becoming dire for the migrants as they wait in their makeshift tents and temporary shelters to cross the border.

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Alarming breaches of EU law on asylum and immigration detention planned by Hungary

Hungary’s government is planning to introduce measures to reduce the number of asylum seekers in the country, which experts fear, will go against EU law.

According to the ECRE member organisation the Hungarian Helsinki Committee (HHC), the plans publicly announced by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and other government officials include passing legislation that would enable authorities to immediately detain and return all migrants entering irregularly in Hungary, including asylum seekers; accelerate asylum procedures so that decisions can be taken within a few days; oblige irregular migrants and asylum seekers to work while in Hungary in order to “earn their keep”.

▻http://ecre.org/component/content/article/70-weekly-bulletin-articles/995-ngos-raise-alarms-over-new-plans-against-migrants-and-refugees-in-hungary.

#Hongrie #réfugiés #asile #migration

Hungary reacts to migrant influx

LONDON, 9 March 2015 (IRIN) - Soaring numbers of migrants and asylum seekers are using Hungary’s border with Serbia as a gateway into the European Union, sparking a backlash from senior Hungarian government officials who said they would crack down on the influx.

▻http://www.irinnews.org/report/101212/hungary-reacts-to-migrant-influx
#Hongrie #asile #migration #réfugiés #Serbie #Forteresse_Europe #frontière

The Revival of South Stream on the Horizon
▻http://neweasterneurope.eu/articles-and-commentary/1505-the-revival-of-south-stream-on-the-horizon

Russia encourages its allies in the EU to participate in the Turkish Stream project which is aimed at delivering Russian gas to Central Europe. This initiative may be a threat to Ukraine’s position as well as a threat to the Southern Gas Corridor, a key European diversification initiative. Implementation of new Russian plans would be in fact a revival of the abandoned (?) South Stream project. Some European countries are ready to help Russia in the implementation of its business plans, although they might not serve the EU’s interest well.
 
Hungary, indirectly, by its statements on energy policy, supported the Slavkov Triangle’s (Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia) stand in the matter of energy cooperation with Russia. These countries see no obstacles in strengthening economic ties with the Kremlin in spite of the Ukrainian war. Viktor Orban recently paid a tribute to Vladimir Putin who visited Budapest on February 17th. Orban has been selling the Hungarian energy sector to Russia step by step. In exchange for lower gas bills and more flexible conditions of the gas deal, he accepted a Russian loan, nuclear deal on building new reactors in the city of Paks by Rosatom and agreed to not export purchased Russian gas to Ukraine. The latter is the most important thing.
 
Russians now dictate to Orban to whom he can or cannot sell gas which is against the EU law. According to the EU regulations, each state has a full right to sell gas to any other country. Gazprom does not want this to happen because the situation in which its customers trade Russian gas between each other is highly uneconomic for the company which has been recently losing its firm position on the European market.
(…)
From Russia’s point of view one thing in gas relations is particularly important in this matter – to deprive Ukraine of the status of a transit country. If that happens, the Kremlin could easily cut off Ukraine from Russian gas and, thus, influence its politics. The Turkish Stream is an essential project to achieve this geopolitical goal.
 
Slovak gas pipeline operator Eustream has offered its customers in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania and ex-Yugoslav states to deliver western European gas to them within the frames of the Eastring project. It is a project aimed at modernisation of gas infrastructure in Romania, Moldova and Balkan countries (primarily Bulgaria) and building new gas pipelines to connect the region with Western gas markets. According to Slovak Eustream, it could be implemented within three years. The project was already supported by Bulgaria and Romania. Slovakia wants to discuss this project with the EU, more specifically, Austria and France in order to specify the source of supplies.
 
Although Slovakia presents Eastring as a chance to provide gas from well developed, western European markets such as Germany to Central Europe, it could also serve as a replacement of the European part of the South Stream and a way to deliver Russian gas to Europe, via Turkish Stream. Slovakia and Hungary are ready to follow Russian interests in this case. Mirek Topolanek (not to be confused with the former Czech PM), Eustream’s external relations special representative has already admitted that Eastring is not going to compete with the Turkish Stream. Moreover, according to Topolanek, they may even be complementary as Eastring could also provide Russian gas to Western Europe.
 
Topolanek’s statements are contradictory to the primary Eustream’s goal which was to transport gas from Western Europe to Central and Southern Europe. Thus, it appears that states interested in Eastring which are, at the same time, supporters of Russian interests which will allow Russia to connect Eastring with the Turkish Stream.
 
It would mean, in fact, an implementation of the South Stream project in a complicated form, without waiting for the permission from Brussels. This would push the EU to face the policy of fait accompli. Russia adopted a similar strategy against Poland few years ago. When the European Commission gave the green light to the Nord Stream pipeline, Russia offered Poland a chance to take part in it. Poland, however, was not interested so it can now buy Russian gas from the German market which makes more sense as it is cheaper than gas transported through Belarus and Ukraine. However, the aim of Nord Stream has been to bypass Poland and other transit countries and send Russian gas to Western Europe directly; of course, if the European Comission allows it to develop with exemptions from EU law.
 
The connection of Eastring with the Turkish Stream would provide the Balkans with a significant quantity of gas so it would not need to seek Caspian gas sent through the Southern Gas Corridor. This situation would not only mean a de facto revival of the South Stream but it would lead Russia to make its other geopolitical goal come true – cutting off Europe from the gas resources of the Caspian Sea, a key diversification alternative. It would happen by reserving the demand by Turkish Stream volumes. A blockade of the Southern Gas Corridor by Greece’s Syriza would be in this case the icing on the cake. Greece wants to maximise its profits from the Trans Adriatic Pipeline, a project which will bring natural gas from Turkish TANAPto southern Italy (both are parts of the Southern Gas Corridor project) but Azerbaijan does not want to make any concessions. The new Greek populist government may react nervously.
(…)
The Energy Union, a concept presented on February 25th in Brussels is a chance to react properly to Russia’s attempts to monopolise the energy markets in Central and Southern Europe. During the presentation of the Energy Union, the European Commission has also declared that its antitrust case against Gazprom will be concluded “within a few weeks”. But will it really happen?

Très intéressant article sur les approvisionnements en gaz de l’Europe. À lire intégralement (même si j’ai mis de larges extraits…)

Mapping Budapest /ˈBuːdəpɛst\ | The Audacious Art Experiment
▻http://www.theaudaciousartexperiment.com/mapping-budapest-%cb%88bu%cb%90d%c9%99p%c9%9bst

Jessica Dolby is an artist based in Newcastle, she creates intricately detailed drawings as an investigation and exploration of walking, place and site. In Spring 2015, she plans to visit Hungary to further develop her ideas at the incredible self fulfilling arts organization MÜSZi, under the project heading ‘Mapping Budapest /ˈBuːdəpɛst\’.

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TAAE maintains a strong connection with MÜSZi, after Trans/Human visited last year, finding a vital community space that promotes sustainability, grass-roots projects and learning for everyone. Due to unfavourable political climates in Hungary, MÜSZi draws no state funding and is run completely independently by a small dedicated team and with the help of contributions from performance events and personal studio time.

#art #cartographie #hongrie #budapest

Non-EU migrants cross Hungary’s ’wide open’ border

They come in dribs and drabs, in small groups and large, at all hours of the day and night, but especially at dawn and dusk.

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His solution would be a fence, with night vision cameras, and a proper border-control service. The Hungarian parliament is due to debate this, and other suggestions, in the coming weeks.

Non-EU migrants cross Hungary’s ’wide open’ border

They come in dribs and drabs, in small groups and large, at all hours of the day and night, but especially at dawn and dusk.

http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/80816000/jpg/_80816722_025167782-1.jpg http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/80816000/jpg/_80816724_woods.jpg

A new age of walls

During the 1980s, communist countries from the Soviet Union to Hungary liberalised their political and economic policies. The East German government was under pressure to follow suit. By the autumn of 1989, there were regular political protests, and East Germans left in droves, packing cars and trains to the Czech Republic and Hungary, which had both opened their borders to the West. - See more at: ▻http://www.eutopiamagazine.eu/en/christine-leuenberger/issue/new-age-walls#sthash.wOyNdn3f.dpuf

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A new age of walls

During the 1980s, communist countries from the Soviet Union to Hungary liberalised their political and economic policies. The East German government was under pressure to follow suit. By the autumn of 1989, there were regular political protests, and East Germans left in droves, packing cars and trains to the Czech Republic and Hungary, which had both opened their borders to the West.

►http://www.eutopiamagazine.eu/en/christine-leuenberger/issue/new-age-walls
#barrières_frontalières #murs #frontière

A new age of walls | Eutopia

►http://www.eutopiamagazine.eu/en/christine-leuenberger/issue/new-age-walls

A new age of walls

05.12.2014

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During the 1980s, communist countries from the Soviet Union to Hungary liberalised their political and economic policies. The East German government was under pressure to follow suit. By the autumn of 1989, there were regular political protests, and East Germans left in droves, packing cars and trains to the Czech Republic and Hungary, which had both opened their borders to the West.

On November 9, 1989, the Central Committee of East Germany’s Communist Party met to discuss ‘provisional regulations’ that would permit its citizens to travel to the West, so as to halt the exodus of its people. The new travel regulations were to be made public the following day.

East Germany’s political leader, Egon Krenz, however, hastily asked a committee member, Günter Schabowski, who had missed the meeting, to announce them to a press conference that evening. When a journalist asked him when the new rules would come into effect, Schabowski hesitated before declaring “Immediately!” There was a run on the border and thousands of people crowded the checkpoints.

#murs #frontières

EU, US promote alternative projects, following South Stream failure | EurActiv
▻http://www.euractiv.com/sections/energy/eu-us-promote-alternative-projects-following-south-stream-failure-310569

The cancellation of the South Stream pipeline project will not make the European Union more vulnerable to shortages caused by Russia cutting off gas to the Ukraine, senior EU and US officials said yesterday (3 December).

Diplomats met in Brussels for the EU-US Energy Council, held two days after Russian President Vladimir Putin ditched the plan to pipe natural gas through the Black Sea to Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia and Austria.

The meeting was attended by the EU’s foreign affairs chief Federica Mogherini and US Secretary of State John Kerry. The latest Council was a show of unity against Russia’s use of energy supplies as a political tool.

Speaking afterwards, senior EU and US officials said the pipeline would have reinforced the dominance of Russian gas at a time when diversification of suppliers and routes were needed.

A senior EU official said, “South Stream did not represent diversification, it’s an alternative route that’s all. It bypasses Ukraine but it is the same gas.”

Malgré le pluriel, le seul projet alternatif déclenche l’enthousiasme états-unien…

Alternative projects
Projects in the Baltic region, such as the “Freedom” floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal in Lithuania, a new gas interconnection agreement between Finland and Estonia, and LNG terminals in Helsinki and Tallinn, were a model that should be copied in south eastern Europe, the official said.

LNG is not transported by pipes, making it a possible alternative to natural gas supplies and LNG producers as an alternative supplier to Russia.

L’UE assume et règlera les détails sordides hors de la vue des É.-U.

“We have been very clear in our EU energy sector strategy regarding South Stream. This project should be suspended, that was our position, and also revisited, in the light of energy security,” a senior EU official said.

Countries such as Bulgaria and Serbia have demanded compensation, but officials said that was an internal EU matter and not discussed with the Americans.

(…)

Earlier this week the International Energy Agency said in a review of EU energy policy that Europe would remain dependent on Russian gas for the “foreseeable future”.
(…)
Another senior EU official said, “Europe will be dependent on Russian gas, if you want to use that term, as long as it is cheaper than anywhere else.”

“That’s fine. The important thing is to make sure that is no longer the case or the day there is reason that gas doesn’t arrive, you can get your supply somewhere else.”

Hungary summons U.S. ambassador over McCain’s ’neofascist’ comment - Yahoo News
▻https://news.yahoo.com/hungary-summons-u-ambassador-over-mccain-neofascist-134404234.html

Hungary’s Foreign Ministry summoned the U.S. envoy on Wednesday after U.S. Senator John McCain called Prime Minister Viktor Orban a “neo-fascist dictator”.

The United States has become increasingly critical of Orban’s government, accusing him of getting too close to Russia since east-west tensions rose over Ukraine.

Hungary’s foreign minister called in Chargé d’Affaires André Goodfriend over McCain’s comments, made in the U.S. Senate during a political spat over the appointment of Hollywood producer Colleen Bell as U.S. Ambassador in Budapest.

McCain, a Republican, told the Senate on Tuesday: “I am not against political appointees… I understand how the game is played, but … (Hungary) … is on the verge of ceding its sovereignty to a neo-fascist dictator, getting in bed with Vladimir Putin, and we’re going to send the producer of ’The Bold and The Beautiful’ as the ambassador.”

Bell has since been approved in the Senate and is expected to take up her position in Hungary.

Note : The Bold and the Beautiful, en vf, ça donne Amour, Gloire et Beauté

New aviation rules to complicate life for foreign-owned airlines
▻http://www.kyivpost.com/content/business/ukraines-new-aviation-rules-make-life-of-foreign-owned-airlines-more-compl

The Ministry of Justice on Nov. 13 registered a new mechanism of distributing air routes amongst aviation companies, which requires a carrier that wants the right to fly international routes to have the Ukrainian state or a Ukrainian citizen as its final beneficiary.
(…)
[Local representative of Hungary’s low-cost airline] WizzAir also says the new rules contradict Ukraine’s intentions to join the European common aviation area and to build a market responding to European Union norms. However, Denys Antonyuk, head of the State Aviation Service, says signing the #Open_Sky_Agreement with the EU is high on his institution’s agenda after having been postponed twice already.

Industry experts and market players say these measures will boost the positions of Antonyuk’s former employer, Ukraine International Airlines, the biggest local operator that is a near-monopolist in Ukraine. Several investigative press organizations have shown that UIA belongs to billionaire Ihor Kolomoisky, the famous Dnipropetrovsk governor, although he has never publicly confirmed this. Antonyuk was a top manager at UIA and is pushing these new regulations forward.

Bref, sur la bonne route, mais dans la direction opposée…

#barrière_non_tarifaire

Europe’s Deadly Borders: An Inside Look at EU’s Shameful Immigration Policy

Along the frontiers between Spain and Morocco, Greece and Turkey and Hungary and Serbia, the EU is deploying brutal methods to keep out undesired refugees. Many risk everything for a future in Europe and their odysseys too often end in death.

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#migration #politique_migratoire #Europe_forteresse #UE #asile #réfugiés #frontière

NATO dressing up, raring to go
– Indian Punchline - By M K Bhadrakumar – September 2, 2014
▻http://blogs.rediff.com/mkbhadrakumar/2014/09/02/nato-dressing-up-raring-to-go

The summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] in Wales, Britain, on Thursday promises to be an exciting event for the alliance. A tortuous journey that began over 23 years ago is about to end. It was on February 25, 1991 that the foreign and defence ministers of the erstwhile Warsaw Pact met in Hungary and declared that the military alliance was disbanded. Ever since then, NATO has been a tormented soul. That existential angst over its identity in a brave new world without an adversary is getting over.

The LA Times reports that the crisis in Ukraine has solved the NATO’s ‘identity crisis’. Afghanistan has been tossed around up until lately as the leitmotif of the summit in Wales, but that was never a smart thing to do in the first instance, since there is no clarity still as to the political transition in that country and NATO’s future role in the Hindu Kush may well be in jeopardy.

Then, there is the islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. But then, the ISIL is a riddle wrapped up in a mystery inside an enigma and the US thinks that the coalition of the willing that it is assembling is best drawn from the Muslim world with a couple of Anglo-Saxon countries thrown in. The Obama administration is not contemplating a role for NATO in the hunt for Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Of course, things may change overnight if King Abdullah’s prophecy comes true, but then, it can happen not before a month or two lapses after the NATO’s summit concludes in Wales.

Indeed, there is always Libya where oil mixes with democracy, Islam and terrorism, but then, that is a huge embarrassment for NATO. Operation Dawn, launched by the Libyan jihadists, has met with stunning success as Tripoli has fallen into their hands just a week before the summit in Wales. But NATO has no desire to go back to the war front. Some things are best forgotten in life.

So, it is Ukraine, the great metaphor for Vladimir Putin’s Russia, which is going to be the core agenda for what the alliance’ secretary-general Anders Fogh Rasmussen has called “a crucial summit in NATO’s history”. He disclosed at the customary pre-summit media briefing at NATO Hqs in Brussels on Monday how Russia’s emergence as the alliance’s adversary galvanizes the alliance, gives it a raison d’etre, enables it to acquire new robes and, most important, persuades its cash-strapped members to loosen purse strings and indulge in spending for ‘collective security’.

#Euro-Atlantisme, #Irak, #ISIL, #Libye, #OTAN

The Man Who Delayed D-Day - Issue 15: Turbulence
▻http://nautil.us/issue/15/turbulence/the-man-who-delayed-d_day

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When Dwight D. Eisenhower was planning the invasion of Normandy, he made sure to check with Walter Munk and his colleagues first. Munk had come to the United States from Austria-Hungary to work as a banker before switching to oceanography, eventually making major advances in the science of tidal and wave forecasting. He was a defense researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1943 when his team calculated that the seas on June 5 of that year would be so rough that a delay was in order. The invasion would happen on the following day. It was just one highlight among many in Munk’s career. From explaining why we always see the same side of the moon to sending a sound signal halfway around the world, Munk is the very definition of the enterprising scientist. When I spoke to him (...)

The 6 Most Surprising, Important Inventions From World War I - Facts So Romantic
▻http://nautil.us/blog/the-6-most-surprising-important-inventions-from-world-war-i

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British soldiers in a WWI trenchAustralian War Memorial Just over 100 years ago, on the 28th of June, 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo. That set into motion a chain of events that, within several weeks, culminated in the European great powers declaring war on each other. The resulting conflict killed 37 million people.Once the fighting started, a stalemate emerged on the Western Front, between Germany on the east and the Allies on the west. Both sides hunkered down in trenches, and it was nearly impossible for either side to make any significant progress against the other. With machine guns and artillery on both sides defending the trenches, attackers were quickly mowed down before they could cross “no-man’s-land,” the short distance (...)

Populists in Europe (4/8) : #Hungary facing nationalism
▻http://fr.myeurop.info/node/13849

Hungary is caught between the devil and the deep blue sea. The country has to cope with the rise of #Jobbik – the self-proclaimed “most popular radical party” in Europe. The ruling #Fidesz party, on the other hand, does not hesitate to use their political opponent’s most extreme ideas.

In Hungarian, #Jobbik means both “better” and “further right” – an apt name when we look at the current political context in the country. lire la suite

#Debates #Politics #2014_European_election #anti-Semitic #Fidesz #Gábor_Vona #Hungary #Jews #Parliament #populist #racist #right-wing #Roma #Viktor_Orban #violence

A Regional MIPEX Assessment of FYROM, Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Integration policies in Croatia, FYROM, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia are barely halfway favourable for societal integration, scoring below the European average and alongside other ‘new’ immigration countries in MIPEX, such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Czech Republic. Newcomers in these countries will face slightly more obstacles than opportunities to participate in society. These countries are at different stages of their EU accession, with Croatia as the newest Member State. Interestingly, the policies that could contribute the most to integration are EU law-driven – anti-discrimination legislation in the case of Serbia and FYROM, family reunion policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and long-term residence in Croatia. Despite these improvements, the conditions in law are undermined by authorities’ rather discretionary procedures in all four countries, a problem across Central and Eastern Europe. In addition to the negative impact of this uncertainty on integration, newcomers critically lack many basic citizenship, education and political opportunities that are becoming best practice across Europe.

▻http://www.migpolgroup.com/portfolio/regional-mipex-assessment-fyrom-croatia-serbia-bosnia-herzegovina

#intégration #migration #étrangers #Macédoine #Serbie #Croatie #Bosnie-Herzégovine #MIPEX

PLOS Biology: Imre Festetics and the Sheep Breeders’ Society of Moravia: Mendel’s Forgotten “Research Network”
▻http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001772

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Most students are still taught that the discipline of genetics began with Mendel, and would be surprised to learn that many of the central principles were formulated before Mendel was born, also in Brno where Mendel later worked, and through the study of sheep rather than peas. Inasmuch as a single individual can be credited for pre-Mendelian genetics, it is Count Imre (Emmerich) Festetics (1764–1847), a sheep breeder based in Hungary, who remains as obscure today as Mendel is famous.

(...) Festetics did not discover factorial or “Mendelian” genetics before Mendel, but he certainly laid the groundwork for their later discovery [9]. If Mendel is the father of genetics in this context, Festetics has a strong claim to be the grandfather, having introduced the term “genetic” as early as 1819. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, Festetics is rarely mentioned in contemporary scientific literature or in books addressing the history of genetics.

#histoire #recherche #génétique

In Pictures : ’Commando tourism’ in #Israel
▻http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2014/01/pictures-commando-tourism-israel-201418104712893401.html

The Caliber 3 Academy in Gush Etzyon, a bloc of Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, has become a renowned training centre for both professionals and amateurs alike, where people come from around the world to be trained in counter-terrorism techniques.

On any given training day, the trainers at Caliber 3 instruct Israeli citizens and tourists, adults and children, in emergency response tactics and “krav maga”, a self-defence system developed for the militaries of Israel and Hungary that consists of a wide combination of techniques sourced from boxing, muay thai, wing chun, judo, jiu-jitsu, wrestling, and grappling - along with realistic fight training.

The company was founded in 2002 by Israeli colonel Sharon Gat, who is also the CEO. The shooting ranges are filled with photo targets of Arab men wearing keffiyahs. But Gat stresses that the training is not intended to teach how to attack or provoke terrorists, but only for protection. “Even if the targets are Arabs and they don’t like Jews, we don’t shoot people that are not intended to make a terrorist act,” Gat says.

Visitors from the United States and Russia are among the many who come to the academy looking for a different type of tourism. Caliber 3 advertises this as “commando tourism”, where people can train alongside seasoned veterans with real-life counter-terrorism experience. One woman, Margo, came from New York with her young son Harry to learn self-defence. Mary, from Fishers, Indiana, came with her entire family for a good time during their vacation in Israel.

http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/images/2014/1/12/201411210185499653_8.jpg http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/images/2014/1/12/201411210185968209_8.jpg

#tourisme

Einstein’s Camera — Medium
▻https://medium.com/p/88aa8a185898

Born in Hungary in 1972, Magyar began taking pictures in his late twenties, roaming the streets of Asian cities and capturing images of Indian street vendors, Hindu holy men, and Himalayan students. His work evolved rapidly from conventional documentary photography to surreal, radically experimental imagery that reflects his obsession with finding innovative new uses for digital technology. A self-taught engineer and software designer who assembled his first computer while in his teens, Magyar captures his images using some of the world’s most sophisticated photographic equipment, modified with software he writes himself.

▻http://vimeo.com/83663312

#photographie

Racism, discrimination, intolerance and extremism: learning from experiences in Greece and Hungary

This thematic situation report examines the effectiveness of responses by public authorities, civil society organisations and others to counter racism, discrimination, intolerance and extremism in Greece and Hungary. The report goes on to make proposals for fighting racist crime, increasing trust in the police, and combating extremism throughout the EU.

http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/fra_medium/public/fra_images/thematic-situation-report-cover.jpg

▻http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2013/racism-discrimination-intolerance-and-extremism-learning-experiences-gree

#racisme #discrimination #intolérance #extrémisme #extrême-droite #Grèce #Hongrie #police