country:latvia

  • #Latvia Set to Join #Euro Zone and Become a New European Tax Haven - SPIEGEL ONLINE
    http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/latvia-set-to-join-euro-zone-and-become-a-new-european-tax-haven-a-910610.ht

    Latvia will become the common currency area’s newest member in January 2014 — the same time that new tax laws go into effect allowing the country to compete with the likes of Cyprus and Malta. This could further destabilize the European economy.

    (...) Riga’s planned reform has been designed to transform Latvia into the euro-zone’s next tax haven. And it highlights the degree to which rhetoric and reality diverge in the European Union.

    Ever since the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) exposed the vast scale of tax evasion undertaken by multinationals around the world, the European Commission has made combating financial trickery a top priority. Theoretically, at least. In practice, exactly the opposite has happened. “Instead of eliminating established tax havens, we have added a new one to the euro zone,” says Sven Giegold, a financial expert with the Green Party in the European Parliament.

    #lettonie #union_européenne #paradis_fiscal

    • Je n’ai toujours pas bien compris pourquoi la Roumanie, la Bulgarie et la Croatie n’avaient pas tenté cette stratégie pour leur developpement. Après tout, le Luxembourg, l’Irlande, l’Espagne et le Portugal l’ont fait, chacun à leur manière.

  • ’’Small’’ mistake in budget calculations caused lack of money for teachers’ salaries

    Ministry of education and science (MES) has found out that around year ago they have made mistake linked with earmarked subsidies and now there is deficit in budget for teachers’ salaries. There might occur budget modification in order to find 3 million lats (~4,5million euro). As it might seem it is not such a big amount of money, but if we consider that yearly budget for Latvia is around 4 billion lats, it is quite a challenge if 3 millions are missing out.

    Koalīcija nespēj vienoties par risinājumu IZM budžeta iztrūkumam - DELFI
    http://www.delfi.lv/news/national/politics/koalicija-nespej-vienoties-par-risinajumu-izm-budzeta-iztrukumam.d?id=43484759

    Ministrs skaidroja, ka kļūda budžeta plānošanā pieļauta aptuveni pirms gada, rēķinot izmaiņas mērķdotācijās. « Kļūda ir sistēmiska, jo tā sistēma bija pārāk daudz atkarīga no viena konkrēta ierēdņa, kuram aizejot, diemžēl, lietas netika nodotas kārtīgi, » norādīja Vjačeslavs Dombrovskis. Tāpēc jauni cilvēki, kas veikuši aprēķinus, esot pieļāvuši kļūdu.

    Viņš arī pastāstīja, ka jau gada sākumā tika veikta dienesta izmeklēšana, kurā nav konstatētas konkrētas apsūdzības konkrētam cilvēkam. Savukārt RP ir « pilna atbildība » par visu, kas notiek IZM, bet svarīgākais patlaban - izdarīt visu, lai pedagogiem izmaksātu algas gan šogad, gan nākamajos gados, akcentēja Vjačeslavs Dombrovskis.

    #Economics #Budget_deficit #MES

  • Latvians as minority in 37 years

    In interview with Leons Taivāns, professors in University of Latvia, he admitted that Latvians are dying out, emigrating and in others ways leaving country, that can cause Latvians becoming minority in our own country. Internal affairs is only one part of this issue. Latvia is feeling stronger and stronger pressure from Asia, like Turkey and China. There is overpopulation in these countries so they seek the ways how to reduce it - one of the solutions is such countries as Latvia where they can go. Latvia has to work really hard to improve this situation, but at least for now we cannot see visible changes.

    TVNET :: Viedokļi - Biedējoši: Pēc 37 gadiem latvieši būs izteikta minoritāte
    http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/viedokli/470778-biedejosi_pec_37_gadiem_latviesi_bus_izteikta_minoritate

    « Skaidrs, ka imigrācija būs, jo iedzīvotāji pasaulē ir sadalīti ļoti neproporcionāli. Latvija ir viena no tukšākajām vietām. Varbūt nav pati tukšākā. Mums ir 35 cilvēki uz kvadrātkilometru. Somijā tas skaits ir vēl mazāks – tie ir 15 cilvēki uz kvadrātkilometru, bet Somijā ir teritorijas, kas nav apdzīvojamas. Latvijā visas teritorijas ir apdzīvojamas.

    #Demography #Population #Latvia

  • The main death reason in Latvia are heart and blood vessels’ diseases

    In 55% of cases the cause of death in Latvia are heart and blood vessel’s diseases. Today, July 15, in cabinet committee government will discuss plan for 2013-2015 about health improvement regarding these diseases.
    Level of cases when this has been cause of death is two times higher than average in EU. Average in EU is 222, while in Latvia it is 478, but in Lithuania - 495. Government will discuss also issues regarding smoking as this is one of the reasons for heart diseases.

    Galvenais nāves cēlonis Latvijā ir sirds un asinsvadu slimības - DELFI
    http://www.delfi.lv/news/national/politics/galvenais-naves-celonis-latvija-ir-sirds-un-asinsvadu-slimibas.d?id=43481023

    Sirds un asinsvadu slimības joprojām ir galvenais nāves iemesls Latvijā - 55% gadījumu no visiem mirušajiem, atsaucoties uz statistikas datiem, sacīts Veselības ministrijas sagatavotajā Sirds un asinsvadu veselības uzlabošanas rīcības plānā 2013.-2015.gadam, kuru pirmdien, 15.jūlijā, skatīs Ministru kabineta komitejā (MKK).
    Plāns izstrādāts atbilstoši Sabiedrības veselības pamatnostādnēs 2011.-2017.gadam noteiktajam apakšmērķim - samazināt saslimstību un mirstību no neinfekciju slimībām. Tā mērķis ir samazināt mirstību no sirds un asinsvadu slimībām, mazinot riska faktoru negatīvo ietekmi uz veselību.

    #Latvia #Health #heart_diseases

  • Nurse accused for killing and crippling her children convicted to life sentence

    Today in Latvia the court announced it’s decision that woman who killed and crippled her children has convicted to life sentence.
    Woman killed her children and was mechanically damaging her youngest daughter’s eyes when recently oculist noted that damage has done mechanically and police started investigating.
    Woman’s attorney will appeal against the sentence.

    Savu bērnu sakropļošanā un nonāvēšanā vainoto medmāsu soda ar mūža ieslodzījumu - DELFI
    http://www.delfi.lv/news/national/criminal/savu-bernu-sakroplosana-un-nonavesana-vainoto-medmasu-soda-ar-muza-ieslodzijum

    Savu bērnu sakropļošanā un nonāvēšanā apsūdzētajai medicīnas māsai Rīgas pilsētas Vidzemes priekšpilsētas tiesa ceturtdien, 11.jūlijā piesprieda prokurores prasīto mūža ieslodzījumu.
    Prokurore Jekaterina Kušakova pēc sprieduma žurnālistiem atzina, ka ar tiesas lemto ir apmierināta. Tiesa piespriedusi tieši to, ko prokurore debatēs prasīja. Vienīgi tiesa ir nedaudz mainījusi kvalifikāciju, proti, no slepkavības pastiprinošos apstākļos mantkārības nolūkā mainot uz tīšu slepkavību. Kušakova teica, ka tā ir juridiska nianse un pēc iepazīšanās ar pilnu sprieduma tekstu viņa to izvērtēs.

    #Latvia #nurse #life_sentence

  • Latvia - IT supercountry?
    French are known with their vines and cheeses, Scandinavian countries - with their design, but Latvia is still searching for it’s landmark. For us it is important to find something that will show that we are somehow crucial and needed in EU and all world. One of the ideas is to make Latvia as IT country. As we can see, there is a ground for that - Latvia has one of the fastest internet connections and as this article shows - there is a tendency for establishing new IT enterprises as well as increasing number of employees in this area. In last three years number of IT enterprises has grown by 48,68% (from 1403 in 2010, to 2086 in 2013).

    Trijos gados datorprogrammēšanas uzņēmumu skaits pieaudzis gandrīz uz pusi
    http://www.delfi.lv/bizness/uznemumi/trijos-gados-datorprogrammesanas-uznemumu-skaits-pieaudzis-gandriz-uz-pusi.d?i

    Līdz ar IT nozares izaugsmi, vērojama tendence pieaugt arī nozarē strādājošo uzņēmumu un nodarbināto skaitam. Savukārt pēdējos trijos gados datorprogrammēšanas jomā strādājošo uzņēmumu skaits ir pieaudzis par 48,68%, liecina jaunākais Uzņēmumu reģistru apkalpojošās firmas « Lursoft » pētījums.
    2010.gadā 1403 uzņēmumi kā savu pamatdarbības jomu bija norādījuši datorprogrammēšanu , bet pēdējie dati rāda, ka patlaban to skaits ir pieaudzis jau līdz 2086 uzņēmumiem, kas ir par 48,68% vairāk.

    Pēdējo trīs gadu laikā arī audzis to uzņēmumu skaits, kuri ikdienā nodarbojas ar datu uzturēšanu un patlaban šajā sfērā strādā jau 944 komersanti.

  • Latvia gets Ecofin nod to become 18th eurozone member
    Now it is officially - Latvia is going to be the second Baltic state which introduces euro. Estonia joined eurozone already in 2012, but Lithuania is planning to do it in a few years.

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23238029

    EU finance minsters have rubber-stamped Latvia’s application to become the 18th country to use the euro.

    The application for membership had earlier been approved by the European Commission and European Central Bank.

    The exchange rate has been set at 0.702804 lats to one euro, and euro notes and coins will be issued in Latvia on 1 January, 2014.

    Latvia is keen to strengthen ties with western Europe and reduce its dependency on Russia.

    The country has met the criteria for euro membership, including low inflation and long-term interest rates, as well as low public debt.

    Latvia underwent one of Europe’s toughest austerity programmes after the 2008-09 financial crisis knocked a fifth off its GDP.

    It received a 7.5bn euro bailout in 2008, but it has now repaid the loans.

    "Ecofin has taken final decision approving Latvia’s euro membership from 2014,’’ the EU’s current Lithuanian presidency announced via its Twitter account,

    As he entered the Ecofin finance ministers’ meeting earlier on Tuesday, Latvian Finance Minister Andris Vilks said it was a "symbolic day’’.

    #Eurozone #Euro #Latvia

  • ACCA welcomes the new Lithuanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union

    First of the Baltic states has recently started it’s presidency period of the Council. Latvia is preparing for it’s term in 2015.

    http://www.accaglobal.com/en/press/lithuania-eu.html

    Ambitious policy programme ahead for Lithuania, says ACCA

    Lithuania, which has held the Presidency of the Council since 1 July 2013 for the first time, will be dealing with more than 300 legislative proposals, half of these relating to the recent political agreement on the Multi-annual Financial Framework for 2014-2020.

    #Council_of_the_EU #presidency #Lithuania

  • Why is Latvia joining eurozone? - Ivars Ijabs commentary
    Many foreign economists simply do not understand why Latvia wants to join euro having regard of situation in Greece, Spain and Italy.
    Long story short, besides saying that Latvia is like stepmother to Cinderella - it does not make us happy but it has authority for sure, Ivars Ijabs explains that of course it might not be the best decision now, but we do not really have a choice and we would join eurozone even with worse conditions.

    Ivars Ījabs: Asinis pa degunu - DELFI
    http://www.delfi.lv/news/comment/comment/ivars-ijabs-asinis-pa-degunu.d?id=43466757

    Cits ziņkārīgu ārzemnieku jautājums skan : ja jau jums aptaujās tik maz cilvēku vēlas eiro, tad kādēļ cilvēki neprotestē, neiet ielās, nededzina mašīnas ? Te nu nākas atgādināt, ka attieksmes paušana un rīcība pie mums ir divas dažādas lietas, tādēļ gaidīt kādus masu protestus eiro sakarā Latvijā ir visai naivi. Vispirms, Latvijā ir ļoti augsta valsts varas leģitimitāte tajā nozīmē, ka cilvēki lielākoties uztver valsts prasības kā sev saistošas un neizbēgamas. Neviens, izņemot varbūt saujiņu ekstrēmistu, patiesībā nemaz nevar iedomāties nekādas reālas alternatīvas pašreizējai valsts iekārtai. Tiesa, nevarētu teikt, ka valsts īpaši attaisno savu pavalstnieku cerības uz laimīgu dzīvi – naudas nav, politiķi melo un zog, radi un kaimiņi laižas lapās uz ārzemēm. Bet tas vēl nenozīmē, ka būtu iemesls sagaidīt no šodienas Latvijas iedzīvotājiem kādu atklātu vēršanos pret valsti. Valsts ir kā pamāte Pelnrušķītei – tā mūs nedara laimīgus, bet tai piemīt neapšaubāma autoritāte.

    #eurozone #Ivars_Ijabs

  • Latvia towards euro

    Today is the day when during EU finance ministers’ meeting there will be confirmed if Latvia can introduce euro in 2014. Most of the people are sure that Latvia will receive ’’green light’’. With introducing euro and being part of eurozone, Latvia will be secured it’s place in Western world.
    Although people are skeptic about euro, there was enough information on back in 2003 that joining EU means joining eurozone as well.

    Desmit gadu cīņa par eiro: kā Latvija soli pa solim nokļuva līdz mērķim - DELFI
    http://www.delfi.lv/bizness/biznesa_vide/desmit-gadu-cina-par-eiro-ka-latvija-soli-pa-solim-nokluva-lidz-merkim.d?id=43

    Otrdien Eiropas Savienības (ES) finanšu ministru tikšanās reizē izšķirsies, vai Latvijā no 2014.gada 1.janvāra tiks ieviests eiro. Par pozitīvo lēmumu šaubās vairs tikai retais. Latvija ir izgājusi garu un sarežģītu birokrātu ceļu, lai tūliņ jau varētu teikt, ka viens no valsts attīstības stratēģiskajiem mērķiem, ir sasniegts. Šim nozīmīgajam notikumam klāt būs arī portāls « Delfi » un piedāvās aktuālās ziņas no Briseles.
    Līdz ar eiro ieviešanu Latvija vēl pamatīgāk, pēc jau sekmīgās pievienošanās ES un NATO, būs nostiprinājusi savu piederību rietumu pasaulei. Tas ir viens no neatkarību atguvušās Latvijas redzamākajiem ārpolitikas mērķiem.

    #Latvia #eurozone #introducing_euro

  • Unchangeable educational system in Latvia
    Educational system in Latvia in all levels needs huge changes both to survive and compete with other countries. There are many problems starting from too many universities in such a small country and ending with teachers’ salaries. We need changes but till now we have not had any considerable improvement.
    Newest discussions refer to teachers’s salaries - as crisis in Latvia is perceived to be gone, Latvia’s education and science labour union (LIZDA) demands to raise monthly salary. Prime minister promised to solve this question accordingly to budget. But my concern is if prime minister will be strong enough to allow salary raise just to level we really can afford. Because one of the reasons economic crisis hit us so hard was unreasonable salary raise.

    Mudina ātrāk palielināt skolotāju algas - Latvijā - nra.lv
    http://nra.lv/latvija/izglitiba-karjera/98165-mudina-atrak-palielinat-skolotaju-algas.htm

    Tiekoties ar premjeru Valdi Dombrovski, LIZDA vadība 5. jūlijā atkal akcentēja šo jautājumu, taču vienošanās par « konkrētiem cipariem un procentiem » nav notikusi.
    Pēc tikšanās ar arodbiedrības pārstāvjiem premjers uzsvēra, ka pedagogu algas risināmas kontekstā ar nozarē veicamajām strukturālajām reformām. Vienlaikus esot jādomā par pedagogu darba samaksu, sociālajām garantijām un motivācijas sistēmu. Tikšanās laikā esot panākta vienošanās, ka jautājumus risinās atbilstoši budžeta iespējām, jau sākot ar nākamo gadu. Taču paralēli tam runāts arī par profesionālo izglītību un infrastruktūras attīstību, un šeit studējošo stipendijām. Neesot aizmirsta arī augstākā izglītība un zinātne – konkrētāk, granti un tas, cik lielā mērā nodrošinātas studiju izmaksas minimālās prasības.

    #Economy #Latvia #Educational system

  • Has crisis ended in Latvia?
    On the first six month of this year there are registered 8750 new enterprises, which is for 55 more than last year within the same period. The most popular are still low capital Ltd.
    Hopefully this is a sign that economy of Latvia is recovering after economic crisis.

    Pirmajā pusgadā izveidoti 8750 jauni uzņēmumi; populārākie joprojām 1 lata SIA - DELFI
    http://www.delfi.lv/bizness/biznesa_vide/pirmaja-pusgada-izveidoti-8750-jauni-uznemumi-popularakie-joprojam-1-lata-sia.

    Valstī pirmajos sešos mēnešos reģistrēti 8750 jauni komersanti, kas ir par 55 vairāk nekā pērn attiecīgajā periodā. Līdzīgi kā iepriekšējos gados, arī šogad vēl aizvien augstu popularitāti saglabājušas mazapitāla SIA – no visiem jaunreģistrētajiem komersantiem 2013.gadā vairāk nekā 65% bijuši tieši SIA ar samazinātu pamatkapitālu, liecina Uzņēmumu reģistru apkalpojošās firmas « Lursoft » apkopotie dati.

    #Economics #enterprises #Ltd.

  • Asylum seeker Snowden and Latvia

    Snowden’s case is very loud and there are discussions about this issues all over the world - even in Latvia. While he is still trying to find a country which would protect him from trial in United States, in Latvia people are discussing should EU countries give him help. Some of the journalists are harsh towards Snowden and his runaway to non-democratic countries. But this exact journalist defends Snowden by saying that Latvia and all EU obeys to USA and not giving asylum to Snowden is showing how weak is EU.
    http://www.tvnet.lv/zinas/viedokli/470286-latvija_piedava_politisko_patverumu_snoudenam
    #Snowden #Latvia #politics #EU #USA

  • Practical measures to reduce irregular migration

    This synthesis report summarises the main findings of the national reports for the EMN Study on Practical Measures to Reduce Irregular Migration undertaken by EMN national contact points from 22 Member States (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom) plus Norway. The overall purpose of this study was to provide an overview of existing approaches, mechanisms and measures to reduce irregular migration in the EU and Norway. In particular, its aim is to inform policymakers and practitioners about the practical measures that have proved effective and proportionate in addressing the issue of irregular migration and to contextualise national policies and practices within the overall EU policy framework. A further aim was to present the available statistics and the methods of data collection used by Member States to estimate the irregular migrant population

    http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/practical-measures-to-reduce-irregular-migration-pbDR3012126

    #migration #réduire_migration_clandestine #Europe #Norvège #statistiques

  • Pays baltes : quelques projets de coopération dans le domaine de l’énergie et du transport

    The Cabinet of Ministers fo the Republic of Latvia : Conclusions of the Baltic Prime Ministers’ informal meeting

    http://www.mk.gov.lv/en/aktuali/zinas/2013/may/300513-mp-01

    Conclusions of the Baltic Prime Ministers’ informal meeting
    State Chancellery

    30.05.2013

    The Prime Minister of Estonia Mr. Andrus Ansip, the Prime Minister of Latvia Mr. Valdis Dombrovskis and the Prime Minister of Lithuania Mr. Algirdas Butkevičius have met on May 30 in Jūrmala, Latvia. The Prime Ministers discussed the key issues of regional energy and transport projects, Baltic Council of Ministers’ reform and questions concerning joint external economic cooperation of the three Baltic countries, as well as celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Baltic Way.

    #pays_baltes #lettonie #estonie #lituanie

  • Latvia plans restrictions on land ownership
    http://farmlandgrab.org/post/view/21842

    The Latvian government is planning tougher restrictions on selling land, which may affect foreign investors, writes news2biz LATVIA.

    Running extended articles about foreigners who buy up Latvian land for pennies, the Latvian press has, in a slightly xenophobic manner, already suggested that the new regulations aim to cut sales to foreigners.

    However, the Ministry of Agriculture maintains that the regulations are not aimed at maintaining the national purity of the Latvian countryside and aim to ensure that Latvian agricultural land and forests are used productively.

    #terres #Lettonie

  • Dans l’affaire Magnitsky, les justices autrichiennes, finlandaises et chypriotes suivent la position russe de classer l’affaire, dans l’indifférence européenne la plus totale http://euobserver.com/magnitsky/119042

    "He noted that Lithuania and Switzerland have frozen bank accounts and that Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia and Moldova have opened criminal proceedings on the back of the same information he gave to Austria.

    “How could Austria come to a different conclusion than six other law enforcement agencies based on the same evidence?” he told this website."

  • Tension entre la Russie et la Lettonie

    Regrettably it has to be established that, when addressing the meeting of the Latvian Council of Non-governmental Organizations on 6 February, the Ambassador of Russia to Latvia Alexander Veshnyakov has denied the fact of the occupation of Latvia and pointed out that Russia was not going to admit Latvia’s occupation, however hard the Latvian side pressed for it. Such rhetoric regarding history does not facilitate a positive background of our dialogue.

    The Ministry would like to remind of an internationally recognised fact that as a result of a secret agreement between the USSR and the Nazi Germany Latvia lost its statehood for several decades in 1940. Both Soviet and Nazi occupation erased and crippled the lives of thousands of people. Due to the policy of non-recognition pursued by democratic countries across the world, Latvia was able to retain the continuity of the state and restore its independence in 1991 in a democratic way.

    Latvia will go on emphasizing the principle of the continuity of its statehood, and the recognition of the Soviet occupation fact is one of the elements of the principle. Only by honestly facing the past, a future, full on mutual respect, can be built.

    #russie #Lettonie #ex-urss #nazis #allemagne #frontières #europe

  • Lessons from Latvia « iMFdirect – The IMF Blog

    June 11, 2012 by iMFdirect
    By Olivier Blanchard

    http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2012/06/11/lessons-from-latvia

    Le cynisme du Fonds monétaire international

    In 2008, Latvia was widely seen as an economic “basket case,” a textbook example of a boom turned to bust.

    From 2005 to 2007, average annual growth had exceeded 10%, the current account deficit had increased to more than 20% of GDP. By early 2008 however, the boom had come to an end, and, by the end of 2008, output was down by 10% from its peak, the fiscal deficit was shooting up, capital was leaving the country, and reserves were rapidly decreasing.

    The treatment seemed straightforward: a sharp nominal depreciation, together with a steady fiscal consolidation. The Latvian government however, wanted to keep its currency peg, partly because of a commitment to eventually enter the euro, partly because of the fear of immediate balance sheet effects of devaluation on domestic loans, 90% of them denominated in euros. And it believed that credibility required strong frontloading of the fiscal adjustment.

  • Latvia’s ‘aliens’ | minorities in focus
    http://minorityrights.wordpress.com/2012/09/28/latvias-aliens

    Latvia’s citizenship policy, which assigns almost a third of Latvian Russians non-citizen/alien status, prohibits non-citizens from taking part in many aspects of society, such as seeking employment, travelling abroad, or voting during national elections. Even though the Latvian government ratified the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities on 6 June 2005, there is still a considerable part of the Russian population who cannot freely participate in Latvian economic, political and cultural life.

    [...]Being born into a Russian family from Latvia myself, I have been granted citizenship through my father, whereas my mother was a non-citizen until 2006. My uncle and my grandmother are still non-citizens. I asked my grandmother how it feels.

    ‘It is heartbreaking and unfair. It is like you have been born into a family and they don’t accept you as their child. The state, the government, and society is the family, and we, non-citizens, are unwanted and alienated children.’

    #apatridie #Lettonie #Russie #minorité #discrimination

  • Latvians reject Russian as official language | World news | guardian.co.uk
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/feb/19/latvians-reject-russian-official-language

    Latvian voters have resoundingly rejected a proposal to give official status to Russian, the mother tongue of their former Soviet occupiers and a large chunk of the population.

    Russian is the first language for about a third of the Baltic country’s 2.1 million people, and many of them would like it to be a national language to reverse what they claim has been 20 years of discrimination.

    But for ethnic Latvians the referendum was an attempt to encroach on Latvia’s independence, which was restored two decades ago after half a century of occupation by the Soviet Union since the second world war.

    According to the current law anyone who moved to Latvia during the Soviet occupation, or was born to parents who moved there, is considered a non-citizen and must pass the Latvian language exam in order to be naturalised.

    There are approximately 300,000 non-citizens in Latvia.

    #Lettonie #Langue #Russie #référendum