currency:lira

  • Vivir de los refugiados | Internacional | EL PAÍS
    http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/09/16/actualidad/1442419713_695959.html

    Las redes de traficantes en este punto de la ruta son poco numerosas (unas 30 personas) y están formadas tanto por gente local como por personas de la nacionalidad de los afectados, en muchas ocasiones, antiguos inmigrantes o refugiados, según un informe de la Policía de Esmirna. Es un negocio fructífero: una de las redes recientemente desarticulada por los agentes de dicha ciudad —formada por sirios y turcos— había acumulado 400 millones de liras (116 millones de euros) que blanqueaba en una empresa turística.

    Además, estas redes benefician indirectamente a otras industrias legales, como la reparación y venta de las barcas con las que tratan de alcanzar tierras europeas: desde yates a botes pesqueros o simples barcas hinchables para niños.

    #syrie #turquie

  • To the wire: the smugglers who get people into Syria for Islamic State | World news | The Guardian
    http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/12/wire-smugglers-people-islamic-state-isis-turkey-syria-border

    Business is thriving, the smugglers say. “We carry weapons and ammunition across as well,” says Ali. “The drivers [of the minibuses] get 500 lira per bag.”

    Neither of them are Isis supporters. “No, I don’t like them. But what can I do?” asks Ahmed, grinning. “It’s a job, and I need the money.”

    His family are in Syria; he is the only one working in Turkey.

  • Divulging cost of Ak Saray would hurt Turkey’s economy, housing administration says
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/divulging-cost-of-ak-saray-would-hurt-turkeys-economy-housing-adm

    Tezcan Karakuş Candan, the head of the chamber’s Ankara branch, slammed TOKİ’s refusal to provide the true cost of the building.

    “We’ve already explained that the cost of the [building] could be over 5 billion liras and that this is just the tip of the iceberg,” Candan said, according to online news portal Bianet.

    “If the reason for TOKİ’s refusal to announce the cost is that it will hurt the economy, this indicates that there would be speculation on the stock exchange if [it] were announced. This means that the cost must be something that would make our jaws drop,” Candan said.

    “Because they have spent the nation’s money, even if they try and justify [the building] by calling it the national palace, their extravagantly luxurious spending can never be accepted,” she added.

    #Palais_Présidentiel #Ankara #Spéculation

  • Turkish greenhouse gas emission rose by 133.4 pct. in 12 yrs.
    http://www.dha.com.tr/turkish-greenhouse-gas-emission-rose-by-1334-pct-in-12-yrs_689234.html

    ISTANBUL, June 5 (DHA) - Greenhouse gas emission in Turkey increased rapidly, due to high rate of population growth and industrialisation, as well as soaring share of thermal electric power plants in the energy sector.

    Total greenhouse gas emissions rose by 133.4 percent to 439.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2012, from its levels in 1990, according to Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). Carbon dioxide equivellent emissions per capita was calculated as 5.9 tonnes and emission intensity was calculated as 0.31 kilogrammes

    Intéressant : où sont réinvesti les 60 billions de liras récoltés au nom d’une taxe environnementale (dont la majorité des fonds provient d’une taxe sur la consommation énergétique) ?

    Turkey’s total environmental tax revenue stood at 59.3 billion lira in 2012, 67 percent of which collected from energy consumption. Environment taxes collected from transport usage had 31 percent share and only 2 percent came from resource and pollution taxes in 2012.

    While collecting about 60 billion lira in environmental taxes, total environmental expenditure stood at only 17.6 billion lira in 2012. Out of the total environmental expenditure, public sector accounted for 73.1 percent and business sector accounted for 26.9 percent. When reduced the public sector’s share by total taxes, public expenditure is seen at 12.8 billion lira, which reflects onl 21.6 percent of total environmental taxes collected. The share of total environmental expenditure in gross domestic product was at 1.24 percent

    #pollution
    #GES
    #environnement
    #taxe
    #Turquie

  • High tax burden on lower income groups further deepens injustice
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/high-tax-burden-on-lower-income-groups-further-deepens-injustice.

    The tendency in Turkey’s income distribution, which follows a course against the working classes, has not resulted in changes to the tax burden. Wage earners still carry a heavy burden in the field of tax.

    Among OECD countries, the top three places in the most unequal income distribution list are occupied by Mexico, South Africa and Turkey. In Turkey, mechanisms to mitigate unjustness through public finance do not work either, and the heaviest burden of tax and public expenditures is on the backs of the middle and lower classes, which have the lowest share of income.

    It can be seen that the burden of the main item of direct taxes, income tax, is also on the shoulders of the wage earner. According to data from the Revenue Administration, income tax collected at the source of the wage earner and given to the Finance Ministry constitutes nearly 69 percent of total taxes on income.

    In this case, the richest class – outside the wage earner – members of which submit an annual income tax return and declare his or her share of profits, interest and rent revenues, have a 30 percent share of income tax and a barely 3 percent of total taxes.

    Thus, wage earners, with their direct taxes paid, constitute 18 percent of total taxes. The share of corporate taxes paid by banks and companies barely reaches 9 percent of total tax revenues.
    While the amount of tax collected at the source in 2013 is nearing 64 billion Turkish Liras, almost 70 percent of these taxes were taken from wage earners.

    According to GİB data, almost 5.5 million workers were recorded as minimum wage earners, who paid a total of 7.6 billion liras in income tax.

    Some 3 million wage earners were recorded as earning above the minimum wage and for them, 38.5 billion liras were paid. Therefore, for a total of 8.5 million wage earners, almost 46 billion liras in tax was collected at source by the Finance Ministry.

    On the other hand, self-employed professionals who have declared their income to the Finance Ministry - such as architects, engineers, shop owners, shoe sellers, restaurant owners, doctors, dentists, notaries, hair dressers, lawyers, spare parts sellers, transporters, pharmacists, certified public accountants, fur sellers, jewelers, cab drivers, café owners and kiosk managers - paid a total of 1.9 billion liras in income tax in 2013. This is 3 percent of total income tax revenue.

    #Taxe
    #Inégalité
    #Turquie

  • Restrictions on alcohol sales go into effect today in Turkey
    http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/restrictions-on-alcohol-sales-go-into-effect-today.aspx?pageID=23

    The government says the law will protect the population, particularly young people, from the harmful effects of alcohol.

    It aims to reduce the consumption of alcoholic drinks and tobacco products, partly by increasing the Special Consumption Tax on such products, according to Euromonitor International’s latest report on Turkey. For example, the traditional drink rakı retailed at an average price of 9.15 liras in 2002, rising to 51 liras by 2012. The tax on beer rose 737 percent between 2002 and 2009, with taxes increasing 45 percent between 2009 and 2010 alone, the report read.

    Many sector representatives, however, say that such restrictions are not necessary in Turkey, as the consumption of alcoholic beverages is already very low. According to World Health Organization (WTO) figures, Turkey’s alcohol consumption rate is only 3.4 liters of alcohol per capita annually, which is significantly below the global average. For instance, it is round 19 liters in Moldova and 14.8 liters in South Korea.

  • Turkey: Prosperity for a Few, Hardship for Many | EurasiaNet.org

    http://www.eurasianet.org/node/67047

    Having tripled the size of its economy over the past decade, Turkey is invariably held up as an economic success story. But behind this outward tale of success lies a much darker backstory, one featuring a deepening income gap and crimped workers’ rights.

    In 2012, the Ministry of Family and Social Rights revealed that nearly 40 percent of Turkey’s population of over 75.6 million lives at or below the monthly minimum wage of 773 liras, or about $415.19. A further 6.4 percent live below the designated hunger line of 430 liras ($237.95).

    #turquie #inégalités #pauvres #riches