#chartdb/chartdb: #database diagrams #editor that allows you to visualize and design your #db with a single query.
▻https://github.com/chartdb/chartdb
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#database
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Preview: Amazon #s3 Tables in DuckDB – DuckDB
▻https://duckdb.org/2025/03/14/preview-amazon-s3-tables.html— Permalink
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The #Degrowth_Database
Welcome to the Degrowth Database! We’ve put together something special for everyone interested in the degrowth movement: our very own Degrowth Database. It’s a cosy corner of the internet where you can find a bunch of resources all about living more sustainably and valuing #well-being over economic growth.
▻https://degrowth.net/resources/the-degrowth-database
#degrowth #décroissance #base_de_données #database #ressources #bien-être #ressources_pédagogiques
ping @reka -
#Camino, un nouveau #cadastre minier numérique ouvert
Les data du domaine minier sont désormais disponibles sur la plateforme Camino pour partager l’information sur les projets et faciliter leur gestion. Portée par le ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire, elle répond aux attentes des trois utilisateurs principaux : les entreprises, les citoyens et les agents publics.
Camino leur permet de consulter les #titres_miniers et leurs caractéristiques sur une #carte à jour et de suivre les #projets en cours sur un tableau de bord. Elle constitue un référentiel commun ouvert et partagé des dossiers miniers et des #autorisations_administratives associées.
Lancée en 2018, la plateforme Camino concerne l’ensemble du cadastre minier national en accès libre. L’ONF a intégré ce dispositif dès septembre 2018 pour la Guyane. Là-bas, le traitement des demandes d’#autorisation_de_recherche_minière (#ARM) est piloté par l’Office national des forêts, en qualité de gestionnaire du domaine forestier privé de l’Etat. Il effectue ces missions en lien avec le service des mines et le service de police de l’eau de la direction de l’environnement, de l’aménagement et du logement (DEAL) et le pôle technique minier de Guyane (PTMG).
Les demandes de titres miniers et autorisations d’exploitation minières, hors ARM, sont aussi pilotées par la DEAL, qui sollicite l’expertise d’acteurs extérieurs dont l’ONF, sur l’impact environnemental des projets. Les dossiers sont ensuite soumis au ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire pour validation de la demande.
▻https://www.onf.fr/onf/+/63e::nouvelle-plateforme-de-suivi-des-actes-miniers-sur-la-guyane-et-demateriali
#France #mines #cadastre_minier #terres #database #base_de_données -
A list of documentaries, movies, and series about human movement, identity, mobility, and refuge. The list is curated by Lorenzo Piccoli (lorenzo dot piccoli at eui dot eu) at the Migration Policy Centre, European University Institute.
▻https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/aiSfx/47
#base_de_données #database #liste #ressources #ressources_pédagogiques #films #migrations
ping @reka
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Public Domain Image Archive
Explore our hand-picked collection of 10,046 out-of-copyright works, free for all to browse, download, and reuse. This is a living database with new images added every week.
#images #open_source #photographie #database #base_de_données
en complément de #wikimedia_commonsping @reka
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Bearing Witness to the Israel-Gaza War
▻https://witnessing-the-gaza-war.com
#Israël #Gaza #Palestine #guerre #génocide #déshumanisation #nettoyage_ethnique #otages #Cisjordanie #massacre #faim #famineping @reka
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Israeli historian produces vast database of war crimes in Gaza
#Lee_Mordechai says his country is committing genocide, as his report documents a wide range of atrocities committed by Israeli forces.
An internationally recognised Israeli historian has concluded that his country is committing genocide in Gaza after compiling a vast, methodical report documenting a litany of war crimes committed since Israel’s invasion began last year following the Hamas-led attacks of 7 October.
Lee Mordechai, an associate professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who has also held a fellowship at Princeton University in the US, has published a report titled “Bearing Witness to the Israel-Gaza War” which, in its English translation, is 124 pages long and contains over 1,400 footnotes.
Using eyewitness reports, video footage, articles, photographs, eyewitness evidence and over investigatory material, much of it recorded by Israeli soldiers, the historian has produced what Haaretz calls “the most methodical and detailed documentation in Hebrew (there is also an English translation) of the war crimes that Israel is perpetrating in Gaza”.
Some of the most shocking incidents documented by Mordechai include a Palestinian woman with a child being shot while waving a white flag, starving girls being crushed to death while queuing for bread, a handcuffed 62-year-old Palestinian man getting run over by an Israeli tank and an air strike targeting people trying to help a wounded boy.
The database includes thousands of videos, photos, testimonies, reports and investigations documenting the atrocities Israeli forces are committing in Gaza, where over 44,500 Palestinians have been killed during the war.
Mordechai also includes a section on “The media, propaganda and the war”, noting that the current war has been “enabled and facilitated by massive media efforts to shape discourse in Israel as well as in the West – in countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany”.
Corpses, killings and sunsetsHaaretz led its report on Mordechai’s document by drawing attention to footnote 379, which refers to a video clip showing a large dog eating the corpse of a Palestinian.
“Wai, wai, he took the terrorist, the terrorist is gone - gone in both senses,” says the Israeli soldier who filmed the dog eating the dead body. A few seconds later, the soldier pans away from the corpse to the scene around him. “But what a gorgeous view, a gorgeous sunset. A red sun is setting over the Gaza Strip,” he says.
Mordechai’s compendium details the killing of children by Israeli soldiers, the murder of entire families, the starvation and shooting of civilians, tanks running over prisoners and corpses, and much more.
Footnote 354 of the document shows footage of Palestinians being shot by Israeli forces while raising a white flag. The video footage, first published by Middle East Eye, shows many people waving white flags while apparently evacuating their homes. A woman with a small child is shot dead by an Israeli sniper, with the child managing to escape.
The historian first published the document in January and has been publishing updated versions of it ever since.
“I felt that I could not continue to live in my own bubble, that it was a matter of life and death, and what was happening was too big and contradicted the values I grew up with here,” he told Haaretz.
In his report, Mordechai confirms the veracity of the fatality figures published by Gaza’s Ministry of Health. According to the historian, claims that these numbers are exaggerated are groundless, and even the Israeli government treats the health ministry’s data as accurate.
Of the tens of thousands of people killed in the war, Mordechai includes in the document the death of four premature babies after Israeli forces decided to evacuate the hospital they were in. A nurse looking after five babies was forced to choose the strongest one, which was allowed to survive.
Other footage compiled by the historian – and again often filmed by Israeli forces themselves – shows a soldier forcing bound and blindfolded prisoners to send regards to his family and to say they want to be his slaves.
Israeli soldiers are photographed holding stacks of money they plundered from Palestinian homes in Gaza and an Israeli army bulldozer is seen destroying a large pile of food packages from a humanitarian aid agency.
In another clip, an Israeli soldier sings, “Next year we’ll burn the school,” while a Gazan school is engulfed in flames in the background. Numerous video clips documented by Mordechai show Israeli soldiers modelling women’s underwear they have looted.
GenocideThe links included in “Bearing Witness to the Israel-Gaza War” also lead to graphic footage of bodies strewn about the haunted streets of the Palestinian enclave, of people crushed under the rubble and of puddles of blood everywhere.
In some footage we hear the cries of people who have lost their entire families in a single instant. There is also documentary evidence attesting to the killing of disabled people, sexual assault and humiliation, the burning of homes, random shooting, forced starvation, looting and more.
Mordechai argues that Israel’s war reached a brutal peak during the second incursion into al-Shifa Hospital in March, when the Gaza City medical complex became the site of mass killings.
The Israeli army argued that Hamas was using the hospital as a base, but did not provide sufficient evidence to back up this claim.
Another brutal peak has been Israel’s complete siege and assault on northern Gaza since early October, which has been widely described as ethnic cleansing.
In an appendix to his report, Mordechai explains why he thinks Israel’s actions in Gaza constitute genocide.
“We need to disconnect the way we think of genocide as Israelis - gas chambers, death camps and World War II - from the model that appears in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948),” he writes.
“There don’t have to be death camps for it to be considered genocide. It all boils down to the commission of acts and the intent, and the existence of both has to be established.
"In regard to committing acts, it’s killing, but not only – [there is] also wounding people, abduction of children and even just attempts to prevent births among a particular group of people. What all these acts have in common is the deliberate destruction of a group.”
▻https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-historian-produces-vast-database-war-crimes-gaza
#database #base_de_données
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Create Database and Table in LibreOffice Base [Beginner’s Guide] - libreofficehelp.com
▻https://www.libreofficehelp.com/create-database-libreoffice-base -
Crimes of Solidarity and Humanitarianism
▻https://www.crimesofsolidarity.org
#délit_de_solidarité #solidarité #criminalisation_de_la_solidarité #database #données #statistiques #chiffres #cartographie #monde #base_de_données #asile #migrations #réfugiés #visualisationLa base données n’a pas l’air d’être vraiment à jour et fiable, mais l’approche est intéressante, ce qui est évident en regardant la carte pour France/Italie :
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« A shallow dive into DataScript internals » by Nikita Tonsky, 23.02.2015
▻https://tonsky.me/blog/datascript-internalsExcellent article, concis et instructif, par l’auteur et contributeur principal de Datascript.
An overview of DataScript code base. Without going into much detail, it paints the overall picture of how code is structured, what parts it’s built of and what purpose they serve. If you’re interested in studying DataScript sources, this is a great place to start.
For those who are using DataScript this post may help to get better understanding of machinery behind public APIs and make better use of them. […]
Autres articles utiles pour mettre le pied à l’étrier:
@tonsky/datascript › Wiki › Getting started
▻https://github.com/tonsky/datascript/wiki/Getting-started@tonsky/datascript › Wiki › API Overview
▻https://github.com/tonsky/datascript/wiki/API-overview -
Report a Missing Migrant
If you know someone who went missing crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, please fill out this form as a first step to submitting a missing persons report with the Colibrí Center for Human Rights.
If you wish to report someone in the desert who is in need of emergency assistance, please call 911. If you wish to report someone who disappeared in recent days or weeks, please see our “Active Search” guide before filling out the form.
Once you complete and submit this online form, #Colibrí staff will be in touch with you to take the full report. It may take up to a week for you to receive this call, but you can be sure that Colibrí staff will call you back as soon as possible.
Colibrí staff take every precaution to ensure the privacy and security of families. The information you report will remain confidential and will only be used to find missing people and help identify people who have died. Colibrí is not a law enforcement agency and does not inquire about immigration status.
Colibrí does not charge for its services. All of its efforts are completely free for the families.
If your loved one disappeared crossing the border through California, New Mexico, Texas, or within Mexico, please understand that Colibrí has limited ability to help find your loved one. Even so, Colibrí would like to include you in the Family Network, where you might find support.
▻https://colibricenter.org/missing-migrant-form
#missing_migrants #formulaire #décès #morts #frontières #migrations #réfugiés #database #base_de_données #USA #Mexique #morts_aux_frontières #Colibri #recherche #celleux_qui_restent
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Arrows.app — to draw graph-like diagrams
▻https://arrows.appUtile pour documenter le modèle d’un graphe, en vue d’une présentation ou pour importer des données.
À noter : c’est une PWA (une app cliente qui tourne dans le navigateur, aucune donnée ne doit être envoyée à un serveur distant pour faire fonctionner l’app).
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Deceased, disappeared, detained – documenting migrant trail in the Balkans
La #base de données:
▻https://4dtrail.wordpress.com/database▻https://4dtrail.wordpress.com
#migrations #frontières #asile #réfugiés
#liste #Balkans #décès #morts #route_des_Balkans #Slovénie #Macédoine_du_Nord #Serbie #Croatie #Hongrie #Autriche #Kosovo #Bosnie-Herzégovine
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Tecnologie per il controllo delle frontiere in Italia: identificazione, riconoscimento facciale e finanziamenti europei
Executive summaryL’utilizzo documentato di un sistema di riconoscimento facciale da parte dell’amministrazione comunale di Como o da parte della Polizia di Stato italiana ha aperto anche in Italia il dibattito su una tecnologia che all’estero, già da tempo, si critica per la sua inaccuratezza algoritmica e per la poca trasparenza. Un tema sicuramente preoccupante per tutti ma che certamente assume caratteristiche ancor più pericolose quando interessa gruppi o individui particolarmente vulnerabili come migranti, rifugiati e richiedenti asilo. In questo caso i dati e le informazioni sono processati da parte di agenzie governative a fini di sorveglianza e di controllo, con tutele assai minori rispetto ai cittadini europei ed italiani. Ciò comporta un grande rischio per queste persone poiché le procedure di identificazione al loro arrivo in Italia, effettuate all’interno degli hotspot, rischiano di essere un’arma a doppio taglio per la loro permanenza nel nostro Paese (o in Europa), determinando uno stato di sorveglianza continuativa a causa della loro condizione. Ancora una volta alcune categorie di persone sono costrette ad essere “banco di prova” per la sperimentazione di dispositivi di controllo e sorveglianza, a dimostrazione che esistono e si reiterano rapporti di potere anche attraverso la tecnologia, portando alla creazione di due categorie distinte: chi sorveglia e chi è sorvegliato.
Da questa ricerca emerge che le procedure di identificazione e categorizzazione dei migranti, rifugiati o richiedenti asilo fanno ampio utilizzo di dati biometrici—la polizia italiana raccoglie sia le impronte digitali che la foto del loro volto—ma non è sempre facile comprendere in che modo vengano applicate. Nel momento in cui viene effettuata l’identificazione, le categorie sopra citate hanno ben poche possibilità di conoscere appieno il percorso che faranno i loro dati personali e biometrici, nonché di opporsi al peso che poi questo flusso di informazioni avrà sulla loro condizione in Italia e in tutta l’Unione Europea. Quest’ultima, infatti, promuove da alcuni anni la necessità di favorire l’identificazione dei migranti, stranieri e richiedenti asilo attraverso un massiccio utilizzo di tecnologie: a partire dal mare, pattugliato con navi e velivoli a pilotaggio remoto che “scannerizzano” i migranti in arrivo; fino all’approdo sulla terraferma, dove oltre all’imposizione dell’identificazione e del fotosegnalamento i migranti hanno rischiato di vedersi puntata addosso una videocamera “intelligente”.
Ampio spazio è lasciato alla trattazione di come lo stato italiano utilizzi la tecnologia del riconoscimento facciale già da alcuni anni, senza che organizzazioni indipendenti o professionisti possano controllare il suo operato. Oltre alla mancata trasparenza degli algoritmi che lo fanno funzionare, infatti, non sono disponibili informazioni chiare sul numero di persone effettivamente comprese all’interno del database che viene utilizzato proprio per realizzare le corrispondenze tra volti, AFIS (acronimo di Automated Fingerprint Identification System).
Nelle intenzioni della polizia italiana, infatti, c’era l’impiego di un sistema di riconoscimento facciale, SARI Real-Time, per riconoscere in tempo reale l’identità delle persone a bordo di un’imbarcazione durante le fasi di sbarco sulle coste italiane. Il sistema SARI Real-Time, acquistato originariamente per l’utilizzo durante manifestazioni ed eventi pubblici, è stato reso inutilizzabile a seguito della pronuncia negativa del Garante della Privacy: rischierebbe di introdurre una sorveglianza di massa ingiustificata. La decisione del Garante tutela quindi non solo coloro che vivono nel nostro paese ma anche chi, in una situazione di estrema vulnerabilità, arriva sulle nostre coste dopo un viaggio interminabile e si vede sottoposto a un controllo sproporzionato ancor prima di ricevere supporto medico e valutazione dello status legale.
Come Centro Hermes per la Trasparenza e i Diritti Umani Digitali dal 2011 ci interroghiamo sul funzionamento e sullo scopo delle innovazioni in campo tecnologico, analizzandole non solo da un punto di vista tecnico ma anche attraverso la lente dei diritti umani digitali. Negli ultimi anni la datificazione della società attraverso la raccolta indiscriminata di dati personali e l’estrazione di informazioni (e di valore) relative al comportamento e alle attività svolte da ognuno di noi sono il tema centrale di ricerca, analisi e advocacy dell’associazione. Siamo convinti infatti che vada messa in dubbio non solo la tecnologia digitale creata al presunto scopo di favorire il progresso o di dare una risposta oggettiva a fenomeni sociali complessi, ma anche il concetto di tecnologia come neutra e con pressoché simili ripercussioni su tutti gli individui della società. È importante a nostro parere che qualunque discorso sulla tecnologia racchiuda in sé una più ampia riflessione politica e sociologica, che cerchi di cogliere la differenza tra chi agisce la tecnologia e chi la subisce.
Principali risultati:
▻https://protecht.hermescenter.org
#rapport #Hermes #frontières #Italie #reconnaissance_faciale #réfugiés #asile #migrations #contrôles_frontaliers #identification #financements_européens #technologie #complexe_militaro-industriel #Côme #surveillance #biométrie #données_biométriques #catégorisation #photos #empreintes_digitales #AFIS #algorythmes #Automated_Fingerprint_Identification_System #SARI_Real-Time #database #base_de_donnéessur la mise en place de reconnaissance faciale à Côme:
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/859963ping @etraces
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Il casellario delle identità AFIS: una banca dati discriminatoria usata dalle forze di polizia
AFIS è un database nel quale sono raccolti i dati (impronte digitali e foto) di persone italiane e straniere sottoposte a procedimenti penali e dei soli cittadini non europei nell’ambito delle procedure amministrative di rinnovo e conversione del permesso di soggiorno.
In applicazione di un decreto del Ministero dell’Interno del 24 maggio 2017, i dati amministrativi dei cittadini e delle cittadine extra UE vengono inseriti, confrontati e trattati come dati di polizia per il solo fatto di appartenere a persone straniere, con l’ulteriore paradosso che questi dati non vengono cancellati neanche quando le stesse ottengono la cittadinanza italiana.
Potere di accesso ai dati degli stranieri senza motivazione?ASGI, dopo una serie di accessi agli atti e di accessi civici generalizzati al Ministero dell’Interno, ha rilevato che:
i cittadini stranieri non possono cancellare i loro dati se non dopo 20 anni dal loro inserimento anche se nel frattempo la loro condizione giuridica è mutata, i loro dati sono verificati e trattati con pochissime limitazioni e da un alto numero di autorità amministrative.
– I dati delle persone straniere sono confrontati sistematicamente con migliaia di altri dati senza motivazioni specifiche al fine di essere utilizzati per finalità di polizia ed indagine.
- In particolare i confronti delle foto sono esposti ad un alto tasso di errori a causa della mancanza di un algoritmo in grado di mettere a confronto immagini di cittadini con la pelle di colore scuro.
- I dati contenuti in AFIS appartenenti a cittadini con la cittadinanza non europea sono la netta maggioranza.
Diversità di trattamento per milioni di persone
La Direzione centrale anticrimine della Polizia di Stato, ha precisato il numero dei dati in loro possesso.
“il numero di cartellini fotosegnaletici acquisiti e conservati all’interno della banca dati del Casellario Centrale d’Identità del Servizio Polizia Scientifica (AFIS), corrispondenti a cittadini di paesi terzi, con specifica indicazione: Cartellini acquisiti a soggetti che hanno dichiarato nazionalità: A) di paese terzo dell’Unione Europea 13.516.259, B) di stato membro dell’Unione Europea (Italia esclusa) 1.654.917, C) italiana 3.289.196. I dati sono riferiti al 28 luglio 2022”.
Infatti, i cittadini stranieri sono foto segnalati diverse volte nell’arco della loro permanenza in Italia: al momento del loro arrivo sul territorio, nei casi di rinnovo, rilascio, conversione del titolo di soggiorno e tutte le volte che vengono foto segnalati, i loro dati confluiscono nella banca dati del Casellario AFIS.
Per i cittadini italiani non funziona allo stesso modo: i dati di questi ultimi, rilasciati in occasione dell’ identificazione per finalità amministrative (es. per il rilascio del passaporto o della carta d’identità), sono conservati in registri appositi e non confluiscono nella banca dati AFIS (né possono essere in alcun modo utilizzati per scopi di indagine o altre finalità di polizia).
Causa antidiscriminatoriaASGI, insieme all’Associazione Progetto Diritti ONLUS e due cittadini stranieri naturalizzati italiani, ha presentato un ricorso al Tribunale civile di Roma chiedendo l’accertamento del carattere discriminatorio del comportamento del Ministero dell’Interno, consistente nella conservazione e nel trattamento dei dati riguardanti i cittadini stranieri (raccolti in occasione delle pratiche amministrative di rilascio e rinnovo del permesso di soggiorno) all’interno di una banca dati di polizia utilizzata per la repressione dei reati. La conservazione e il trattamento di dati sensibili non può essere differenziata in ragione della nazionalità, salvo una espressa disposizione di legge, avendo i cittadini stranieri diritto alla parità di trattamento nei diritti civili rispetto agli italiani.
Inoltre, la raccolta di dati biometrici, anche se dovesse ritenersi effettuata per finalità di polizia o per interesse pubblico, deve essere regolata – secondo la disciplina italiana e euro-unitaria – da leggi o da regolamenti che disciplinino il trattamento alla luce della specifica funzione perseguita e che tutelino i diritti dei titolari, mentre nella situazione contestata la raccolta e l’inserimento in banca dati di polizia avviene in via di fatto, in assenza di un espresso e motivato atto normativo.
Tra le richieste che i ricorrenti hanno formulato al giudice, vi è la cancellazione dalla banca dati AFIS di tutti i dati appartenenti ai cittadini di Paesi non UE identificati per finalità di rilascio, rinnovo o conversione del permesso di soggiorno, nonché la cancellazione dei dati appartenenti ai cittadini stranieri naturalizzati italiani e la modifica del decreto ministeriale del 2017 che ha previsto l’obbligo di inserimento di tali dati in AFIS.
Infine, i ricorrenti ritengono che l’ attuale trattamento illegittimo possa essere superato solo laddove il Ministero adotti un apposito e separato registro in cui siano conservati esclusivamente i dati dei cittadini stranieri raccolti all’atto del loro fotosegnalamento per il rinnovo e la conversione del titolo di soggiorno, con conseguente cancellazione del registro AFIS dei dati di cittadini extra-UE raccolti per finalità amministrative e pertanto anche dei dati dei ricorrenti.
▻https://www.asgi.it/discriminazioni/casellario-afis-una-banca-dati-discriminatoria-forze-di-polizia
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NocoDB | Turns your SQL database into a Nocode platform. Free & Open Source.
▻https://nocodb.com
https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/5435402/133762127-e94da292-a1c3-4458-b09a-02cd5b57be53.png Open Source #Airtable Alternative
NocoDB is an open source NoCode platform that turns any #database (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, SQLite & MariaDB) into a smart #spreadsheet– Search, sort, filter, hide columns with uber ease
– Create Views : Grid, Gallery, Kanban, Gantt, Form
– Share Views : public & password protected
– Personal & locked Views
– Upload images to cells (Works with S3, Minio, GCP, Azure, DigitalOcean, Linode, OVH, BackBlaze)
– Roles : Owner, Creator, Editor, Viewer, Commenter, Custom Roles.
– Access Control : Fine-grained access control even at database, table & column level.-
« smart » et spreadsheet", c’est pas ce qu’on appelle un oxymore ?
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@ericw oulah va pas dire du mal des spreadsheet, si jamais @simplicissimus passe par ici... ^^
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heureusement, j’ai rien vu, rien entendu,…
ceci dit, faudra que j’essaie avec 2 questions pour commencer :
• comment ça s’interface avec un « vrai » tableur (dans les 2 sens ?)
• comment ça fonctionne pour le relationnel (une des grosses limites pour l’approche feuille de calcul)Quant à l’impact du tableur sur les SGBD, il suffit de se rappeler ce qu’étaient les gestionnaires de fichier au début de la micro-informatique, début des années 80 : le « modèle » conceptuel était alors celui de la boîte à chaussures remplie de fiches cartonnées, à la fin de la décennie, tout le monde avait basculé sur le mode « grille » …
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Un comparatif d’autres logiciels du même type par ici ▻https://notes.resilien.fr/alternatives-open-source-a-airtable.md
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ryangjchandler/orbit: A flat-file database driver for Eloquent.
▻https://github.com/ryangjchandler/orbitOrbit is a flat-file driver for Laravel Eloquent. It allows you to replace your generic #database with real #files that you can manipulate using the methods you’re familiar with.
Orbit is a driver-based package, making it very easy to change the storage format of your data.
Out of the box, Orbit provides the following drivers:
– md -> Orbit\Drivers\Markdown
– json => Orbit\Drivers\Json
– yaml => Orbit\Drivers\Yaml
– md_json => Orbit\Drivers\MarkdownJsonOrbit comes with convenient #Git integration out of the box. This means that any changes made to your content can be automatically persisted back to your Git repository, keeping everything up-to-date.
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Hosting SQLite databases on Github Pages (or any static file hoster) - Apr 17, 2021
I was writing a tiny website to display statistics of how much sponsored content a Youtube creator has over time when I noticed that I often write a small tool as a website that queries some data from a database and then displays it in a graph, a table, or similar. But if you want to use a database, you either need to write a backend (which you then need to host and maintain forever) or download the whole dataset into the browser (which is not so great when the dataset is more than 10MB).
In the past when I’ve used a backend server for these small side projects at some point some external API goes down or a key expires or I forget about the backend and stop paying for whatever VPS it was on. Then when I revisit it years later, I’m annoyed that it’s gone and curse myself for relying on an external service - or on myself caring over a longer period of time.
Hosting a static website is much easier than a “real” server - there’s many free and reliable options (like GitHub, GitLab Pages, Netlify, etc), and it scales to basically infinity without any effort.
So I wrote a tool to be able to use a real SQL database in a statically hosted website. Here’s a demo using the World Development Indicators dataset - a dataset with 6 tables and over 8 million rows (670 MiByte total).
...
– article ▻https://github.com/phiresky/sql.js-httpvfs
– lib ▻https://phiresky.github.io/blog/2021/hosting-sqlite-databases-on-github-pages -
Glocal Climate Change
Global warming is not only about melting icebergs or expanding deserts. It is something which does happen in our backyard as well. Data and estimates on the mean temperatures at the local level indicate that climate change has been affecting almost every corner of Europe, as mean temperatures have increased by more than 2°C in half a century in multiple areas.
▻https://climatechange.europeandatajournalism.eu/en/map
Les données sont présentées au niveau de la commune, ici par exemple Grenoble :
#carte #cartographie #visualisation #changement_climatique #climat #local #Europe #températures #données #database #statistiques #chiffres #commune
ping @reka @visionscarto @simplicissimus
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EU : One step closer to the establishment of the ’#permission-to-travel' scheme
The Council and Parliament have reached provisional agreement on rules governing how the forthcoming #European_Travel_Information_and_Authorisation System (#ETIAS) will ’talk’ to other migration and policing databases, with the purpose of conducting automated searches on would-be travellers to the EU.
The ETIAS will mirror systems such as the #ESTA scheme in the USA, and will require that citizens of countries who do not need a #visa to travel to the EU instead apply for a “travel authorisation”.
As with visas, travel companies will be required to check an individual’s travel authorisation before they board a plane, coach or train, effectively creating a new ’permission-to-travel’ scheme.
The ETIAS also includes a controversial #profiling and ’watchlist’ system, an aspect not mentioned in the Council’s press release (full-text below).
The rules on which the Council and Parliament have reached provisional agreement - and which will thus almost certainly be the final text of the legislation - concern how and when the ETIAS can ’talk’ to other EU databases such as #Eurodac (asylum applications), the #Visa_Information_System, or the #Schengen_Information_System.
Applicants will also be checked against #Europol and #Interpol databases.
As the press release notes, the ETIAS will also serve as one of the key components of the “interoperability” scheme, which will interconnect numerous EU databases and lead to the creation of a new, biometric ’#Common_Identity_Repository' on up to 300 million non-EU nationals.
You can find out more about the ETIAS, related changes to the Visa Information System, and the interoperability plans in the Statewatch report Automated Suspicion: ►https://www.statewatch.org/automated-suspicion-the-eu-s-new-travel-surveillance-initiatives
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The text below is a press release published by the Council of the EU on 18 March 2020: ▻https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/03/18/european-travel-information-and-authorisation-system-etias-council-
European travel information and authorisation system (ETIAS): Council Presidency and European Parliament provisionally agree on rules for accessing relevant databases
The Council presidency and European Parliament representatives today reached a provisional agreement on the rules connecting the ETIAS central system to the relevant EU databases. The agreed texts will next be submitted to the relevant bodies of the Council and the Parliament for political endorsement and, following this, for their formal adoption.
The adoption of these rules will be the final legislative step required for the setting up of ETIAS, which is expected to be operational by 2022.
The introduction of ETIAS aims to improve internal security, prevent illegal immigration, protect public health and reduce delays at the borders by identifying persons who may pose a risk in one of these areas before they arrive at the external borders. ETIAS is also a building bloc of the interoperability between JHA databases, an important political objective of the EU in this area, which is foreseen to be operational by the end of 2023.
The provisionally agreed rules will allow the ETIAS central system to perform checks against the Schengen Information System (SIS), the Visa Information System (VIS), the Entry/Exit System (EES), Eurodac and the database on criminal records of third country nationals (ECRIS-TCN), as well as on Europol and Interpol data.
They allow for the connection of the ETIAS central system to these databases and set out the data to be accessed for ETIAS purposes, as well as the conditions and access rights for the ETIAS central unit and the ETIAS national units. Access to the relevant data in these systems will allow authorities to assess the security or immigration risk of applicants and decide whether to issue or refuse a travel authorisation.
BackgroundETIAS is the new EU travel information and authorisation system. It will apply to visa-exempt third country nationals, who will need to obtain a travel authorisation before their trip, via an online application.
The information submitted in each application will be automatically processed against EU and relevant Interpol databases to determine whether there are grounds to refuse a travel authorisation. If no hits or elements requiring further analysis are identified, the travel authorisation will be issued automatically and quickly. This is expected to be the case for most applications. If there is a hit or an element requiring analysis, the application will be handled manually by the competent authorities.
A travel authorisation will be valid for three years or until the end of validity of the travel document registered during application, whichever comes first. For each application, the applicant will be required to pay a travel authorisation fee of 7 euros.
▻https://www.statewatch.org/news/2021/march/eu-one-step-closer-to-the-establishment-of-the-permission-to-travel-sche
#interopérabilité #base_de_données #database #données_personnelles #migrations #mobilité #autorisations #visas #compagnies_de_voyage #VIS #SIS #EU #UE #union_européenne #biométrie
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L’UE précise son futur système de contrôle des voyageurs exemptés de visas
Les modalités du futur système de #contrôle_préalable, auquel devront se soumettre d’ici fin 2022 les ressortissants de pays tiers pouvant se rendre dans l’Union #sans_visa, a fait l’objet d’un #accord annoncé vendredi par l’exécutif européen.
Ce dispositif, baptisé ETIAS et inspiré du système utilisé par les Etats-Unis, concernera les ressortissants de plus de 60 pays qui sont exemptés de visas pour leurs courts séjours dans l’Union, comme les ressortissants des Etats-Unis, du Brésil, ou encore de l’Albanie et des Emirats arabes unis.
Ce système dit « d’information et d’autorisation », qui vise à repérer avant leur entrée dans l’#espace_Schengen des personnes jugées à #risques, doit permettre un contrôle de sécurité avant leur départ via une demande d’autorisation sur internet.
Dans le cadre de l’ETIAS, les demandes en ligne coûteront 7 euros et chaque autorisation sera valable trois ans pour des entrées multiples, a indiqué un porte-parole de la Commission.
Selon les prévisions, « probablement plus de 95% » des demandes « donneront lieu à une #autorisation_automatique », a-t-il ajouté.
Le Parlement européen avait adopté dès juillet 2018 une législation établissant le système ETIAS, mais dans les négociations pour finaliser ses modalités opérationnelles, les eurodéputés réclamaient des garde-fous, en le rendant interopérable avec les autres systèmes d’information de l’UE.
Eurodéputés et représentants des Etats, de concert avec la Commission, ont approuvé jeudi des modifications qui permettront la consultation de différentes #bases_de_données, dont celles d’#Europol et d’#Interpol, pour identifier les « menaces sécuritaires potentielles, dangers de migration illégale ou risques épidémiologiques élevés ».
Il contribuera ainsi à « la mise en oeuvre du nouveau Pacte (européen) sur la migration et l’asile », a estimé le porte-parole.
« Nous devons savoir qui franchit nos #frontières_extérieures. (ETIAS) fournira des #informations_préalables sur les voyageurs avant qu’ils n’atteignent les frontières de l’UE afin d’identifier les risques en matière de #sécurité ou de #santé », a souligné Ylva Johansson, commissaire aux affaires intérieures, citée dans un communiqué.
Hors restrictions dues à la pandémie, « au moins 30 millions de voyageurs se rendent chaque année dans l’UE sans visa, et on ne sait pas grand chose à leur sujet. L’ETIAS comblera cette lacune, car il exigera un "#background_check" », selon l’eurodéputé Jeroen Lenaers (PPE, droite pro-UE), rapporteur du texte.
L’accord doit recevoir un ultime feu vert du Parlement et des Vingt-Sept pour permettre au système d’entrer en vigueur.
▻https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/190321/l-ue-precise-son-futur-systeme-de-controle-des-voyageurs-exemptes-de-visas
#smart_borders #frontières_intelligentes -
Eurodac, la “sorveglianza di massa” per fermare le persone ai confini Ue
Oggi il database conserva le impronte digitali di richiedenti asilo e stranieri “irregolari”. La proposta di riforma della Commissione Ue vuole inserire più dati biometrici, compresi quelli dei minori. Mettendo a rischio privacy e diritti
Da più di vent’anni i richiedenti asilo che presentano domanda di protezione in un Paese europeo, così come i cittadini stranieri che attraversano “irregolarmente” i confini dell’Unione, sono registrati con le impronte digitali all’interno del sistema “Eurodac”. L’acronimo sta per “European asylum dactyloscopy database” e al 31 dicembre 2019 contava oltre 5,69 milioni di set di impronte cui se ne sono aggiunti oltre 644mila nel corso del 2020. Le finalità di Eurodac sono strettamente legate al Regolamento Dublino: il database, infatti, era stato istituito nel 2000 per individuare il Paese europeo di primo ingresso dei richiedenti asilo, che avrebbe dovuto valutare la domanda di protezione, ed evitare che la stessa persona presentasse domanda di protezione in più Paesi europei (il cosiddetto asylum shopping).
Nei prossimi anni, però, Eurodac potrebbe diventare uno strumento completamente diverso. Il 23 settembre 2020 la “nuova” Commissione europea guidata da Ursula von der Leyen, infatti, ha presentato una proposta di riforma che ricalca un testo presentato nel 2016 e si inserisce all’interno del Patto sull’immigrazione e l’asilo, ampliando gli obiettivi del database: “Eurodac, che era stato creato per stabilire quale sia il Paese europeo competente a esaminare la domanda di asilo, vede affiancarsi alla sua funzione originaria il controllo delle migrazioni irregolari e dei flussi secondari all’interno dell’Unione -commenta Valeria Ferraris, ricercatrice presso il dipartimento di Giurisprudenza dell’Università di Torino (unito.it)-. Viene messa in atto un’estensione del controllo sui richiedenti asilo visti sempre più come migranti irregolari e non come persone bisognose di protezione”.
“Oggi Eurodac registra solo le impronte digitali. La proposta di riforma prevede di aggiungere i dati biometrici del volto, che possono essere utilizzati per il riconoscimento facciale tramite apposite tecnologie -spiega ad Altreconomia Chloé Berthélémy, policy advisor dell’European digital rights-. Inoltre si prevede di raccogliere anche le generalità dei migranti, informazioni relative a data e luogo di nascita-nazionalità. Sia per gli adulti sia per i minori a partire dai sei anni di età, mentre oggi vengono registrati solo gli adolescenti dai 14 anni in su”. Per Bruxelles l’esigenza di aggiungere nuovi dati biometrici al database è motivata dalle difficoltà di alcuni Stati membri nel raccogliere le impronte digitali a causa del rifiuto da parte dei richiedenti asilo o perché questi si procurano tagli, lesioni o scottature per non essere identificati. La stima dei costi per l’espansione di Eurodac è di 29,8 milioni di euro, necessari per “l’aggiornamento tecnico, l’aumento dell’archiviazione e della capacità del sistema centrale” si legge nella proposta di legge.
Le preoccupazioni per possibili violazioni dei diritti di migranti hanno spinto Edri, il principale network europeo di Ong impegnate nella tutela dei diritti e delle libertà digitali, e altre trenta associazioni (tra cui Amnesty International, Statewatch, Terre des Hommes) a scrivere lo scorso settembre una lettera aperta alla Commissione Libe del Parlamento europeo per chiedere di ritardare il processo legislativo di modifica di Eurodac e “concedere il tempo necessario a un’analisi significativa delle implicazioni sui diritti fondamentali della proposta di riforma”.
“Lungi dall’essere meramente tecnico, il dossier Eurodac è di natura altamente politica e strategica”, scrivono le associazioni firmatarie nella lettera. Che avvertono: se le modifiche proposte verranno adottate potrebbe venire compromesso “il dovere dell’Unione europea di rispettare il diritto e gli standard internazionali in materia di asilo e migrazione”. Eurodac rischia così di trasformarsi in “un potente strumento per la sorveglianza di massa” dei cittadini stranieri. Inoltre “le modifiche proposte sulla banca dati, che implicano il trattamento di più categorie di dati per una serie più ampia di finalità, sono in palese contraddizione con il principio di limitazione delle finalità, un principio chiave Ue sulla protezione dei dati”.
“Si rischia di estendere il controllo sui richiedenti asilo visti sempre più come migranti ‘irregolari’ e non come persone bisognose di protezione” – Valeria Ferraris
Le critiche delle associazioni firmatarie si concentrano soprattutto sul possibile uso del riconoscimento facciale per l’identificazione biometrica che viene definito “sproporzionato e invasivo della privacy” si legge nella lettera. “Le leggi fondamentali sulla protezione dei dati personali in Europa stabiliscono che l’interferenza con il diritto alla privacy deve essere proporzionata e rispondere a un interesse generale -spiega Chloé Berthélémy-. Nel caso di Eurodac, l’utilizzo delle impronte digitali è sufficiente a garantire l’identificazione della persona garantendo così il principio di limitazione dello scopo, che è centrale per la protezione dei dati in Europa”.
“Noi siamo contrari all’uso di tecnologie di riconoscimento facciale e siamo particolarmente radicali su questo -aggiungono Davide Del Monte e Laura Carrer dell’Hermes Center, una delle associazioni firmatarie della lettera-. Una tecnologia può anche avere un utilizzo corretto, ad esempio per combattere il terrorismo, ma la potenza di questi strumenti è tale che, a nostro avviso, i rischi e i pericoli sono molto superiori ai potenziali benefici che possono portare. Inoltre è molto difficile fare un passo indietro una volta che le infrastrutture necessarie a implementare queste tecnologie vengono ‘posate’ e messe in funzione: non si torna mai indietro e il loro utilizzo viene sempre ampliato. Per noi sono equiparabili ad armi e per questo la loro circolazione deve essere limitata”. Anche in virtù di queste posizioni, Hermes Center è promotore in Italia della campagna “Reclaim your face” con cui si chiede alle istituzioni di vietare il riconoscimento facciale negli spazi pubblici.
“La potenza di questi strumenti è tale che, a nostro avviso, i rischi e i pericoli sono molto superiori ai potenziali benefici che possono portare” – Laura Carrer
Ma non è finita. Se la riforma verrà adottata, all’interno del database europeo finiranno non solo i richiedenti asilo e le persone intercettate mentre attraversano “irregolarmente” le frontiere esterne dell’Unione europea ma anche tutti gli stranieri privi di titolo di soggiorno che venissero fermati all’interno di un Paese europeo e verrebbe anche creata una categoria ad hoc per i migranti soccorsi in mare durante un’operazione di search and rescue. Verranno inoltre raccolti i dati relativi ai bambini a partire dai sei anni di età: ufficialmente, questa (radicale) modifica al funzionamento del database europeo è stata introdotta con l’obiettivo di tutelare i minori stranieri.
Ma le associazioni evidenziano come raccogliere e conservare i dati biometrici dei bambini per scopi non legati alla loro protezione rappresenti “una violazione gravemente invasiva e ingiustificata del diritto alla privacy, che lede i principi di proporzionalità e necessità”. Dati e informazioni che verranno conservati più a lungo di quanto non accade oggi: per i “migranti irregolari” si passa dai 18 mesi attuali a cinque anni.
A complicare ulteriormente la situazione c’è anche l’entrata in vigore nel 2018 del nuovo “Regolamento interoperatività”, che permette di mettere in connessione Eurodac con altri database come il Sistema informativo Schengen (Sis) e il sistema informativo Visti (Vis), il Sistema europeo di informazione e autorizzazione ai viaggi (Etias) e il Sistema di ingressi/uscite (Ees).
“In precedenza, questi erano tutti sistemi autonomi, ora si sta andando verso un merging, garantendo una connessione che contraddice la base giuridica iniziale per cui ciascuno di questi sistemi aveva un suo obiettivo -spiega Ferraris-. Nel corso degli anni gli obiettivi attribuiti a ciascun sistema si sono moltiplicati, violando i principi in materia di protezione dei dati personali e diventando progressivamente sempre più focalizzati sul controllo della migrazione”. Inoltre le modifiche normative hanno esteso l’accesso a questi database sempre più integrati tra loro a un numero sempre maggiore di autorità.
“Quello che chiediamo al Parlamento europeo è di fare un passo indietro e di ripensare l’intero quadro normativo -conclude Berthélémy-. La nostra principale raccomandazione è quella di realizzare e pubblicare una valutazione di impatto sull’estensione dell’applicazione di Eurodac per delineare le conseguenze sui diritti fondamentali o su quelli dei minori causati dalle significative modifiche proposte. Si sta estendendo in maniera enorme l’ambito di applicazione di un database, e questo avrà conseguenze per decine di migliaia di persone”.
▻https://altreconomia.it/eurodac-la-sorveglianza-di-massa-per-fermare-le-persone-ai-confini-ue
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Missing Afrin Women Project. Tracking #kidnappings and disappearances of women in occupied Afrin, Syria.
▻https://missingafrinwomen.org
#database #base_de_données #femmes #disparition #Afrin #Syrie #enlèvement #cartographie
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Machine-Readable Refugees
Hassan (not his real name; other details have also been changed) paused mid-story to take out his wallet and show me his ID card. Its edges were frayed. The grainy, black-and-white photo was of a gawky teenager. He ran his thumb over the words at the top: ‘Jamhuri ya Kenya/Republic of Kenya’. ‘Somehow,’ he said, ‘no one has found out that I am registered as a Kenyan.’
He was born in the Kenyan town of Mandera, on the country’s borders with Somalia and Ethiopia, and grew up with relatives who had escaped the Somali civil war in the early 1990s. When his aunt, who fled Mogadishu, applied for refugee resettlement through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, she listed Hassan as one of her sons – a description which, if understood outside the confines of biological kinship, accurately reflected their relationship.
They were among the lucky few to pass through the competitive and labyrinthine resettlement process for Somalis and, in 2005, Hassan – by then a young adult – was relocated to Minnesota. It would be several years before US Citizenship and Immigration Services introduced DNA tests to assess the veracity of East African refugee petitions. The adoption of genetic testing by Denmark, France and the US, among others, has narrowed the ways in which family relationships can be defined, while giving the resettlement process the air of an impartial audit culture.
In recent years, biometrics (the application of statistical methods to biological data, such as fingerprints or DNA) have been hailed as a solution to the elusive problem of identity fraud. Many governments and international agencies, including the UNHCR, see biometric identifiers and centralised databases as ways to determine the authenticity of people’s claims to refugee and citizenship status, to ensure that no one is passing as someone or something they’re not. But biometrics can be a blunt instrument, while the term ‘fraud’ is too absolute to describe a situation like Hassan’s.
Biometrics infiltrated the humanitarian sector after 9/11. The US and EU were already building centralised fingerprint registries for the purposes of border control. But with the start of the War on Terror, biometric fever peaked, most evidently at the borders between nations, where the images of the terrorist and the migrant were blurred. A few weeks after the attacks, the UNHCR was advocating the collection and sharing of biometric data from refugees and asylum seekers. A year later, it was experimenting with iris scans along the Afghanistan/Pakistan frontier. On the insistence of the US, its top donor, the agency developed a standardised biometric enrolment system, now in use in more than fifty countries worldwide. By 2006, UNHCR agents were taking fingerprints in Kenya’s refugee camps, beginning with both index fingers and later expanding to all ten digits and both eyes.
Reeling from 9/11, the US and its allies saw biometrics as a way to root out the new faceless enemy. At the same time, for humanitarian workers on the ground, it was an apparently simple answer to an intractable problem: how to identify a ‘genuine’ refugee. Those claiming refugee status could be crossed-checked against a host country’s citizenship records. Officials could detect refugees who tried to register under more than one name in order to get additional aid. Biometric technologies were laden with promises: improved accountability, increased efficiency, greater objectivity, an end to the heavy-handed tactics of herding people around and keeping them under surveillance.
When refugees relinquish their fingerprints in return for aid, they don’t know how traces of themselves can travel through an invisible digital architecture. A centralised biometric infrastructure enables opaque, automated data-sharing with third parties. Human rights advocates worry about sensitive identifying information falling into thehands of governments or security agencies. According to a recent privacy-impact report, the UNHCR shares biometric data with the Department of Homeland Security when referring refugees for resettlement in the US. ‘The very nature of digitalised refugee data,’ as the political scientist Katja Jacobsen says, ‘means that it might also become accessible to other actors beyond the UNHCR’s own biometric identity management system.’
Navigating a complex landscape of interstate sovereignty, caught between host and donor countries, refugee aid organisations often hold contradictory, inconsistent views on data protection. UNHCR officials have long been hesitant about sharing information with the Kenyan state, for instance. Their reservations are grounded in concerns that ‘confidential asylum-seeker data could be used for non-protection-related purposes’. Kenya has a poor record of refugee protection. Its security forces have a history of harassing Somalis, whether refugees or Kenyan citizens, who are widely mistrusted as ‘foreigners’.
Such well-founded concerns did not deter the UNHCR from sharing data with, funding and training Kenya’s Department of Refugee Affairs (now the Refugee Affairs Secretariat), which since 2011 has slowly and unevenly taken over refugee registration in the country. The UNHCR hasconducted joint verification exercises with the Kenyan government to weed out cases of double registration. According to the anthropologist Claire Walkey, these efforts were ‘part of the externalisation of European asylum policy ... and general burden shifting to the Global South’, where more than 80 per cent of the world’s refugees live. Biometrics collected for protection purposes have been used by the Kenyan government to keep people out. Tens of thousands of ethnic Somali Kenyan citizens who have tried to get a Kenyan national ID have been turned away in recent years because their fingerprints are in the state’s refugee database.
Over the last decade, biometrics have become part of the global development agenda, allegedly a panacea for a range of problems. One of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals is to provide everyone with a legal identity by 2030. Governments, multinational tech companies and international bodies from the World Bank to the World Food Programme have been promoting the use of digital identity systems. Across the Global South, biometric identifiers are increasingly linked to voting, aid distribution, refugee management and financial services. Countries with some of the least robust privacy laws and most vulnerable populations are now laboratories for experimental tech.
Biometric identifiers promise to tie legal status directly to the body. They offer seductively easy solutions to the problems of administering large populations. But it is worth asking what (and who) gets lost when countries and international bodies turn to data-driven, automated solutions. Administrative failures, data gaps and clunky analogue systems had posed huge challenges for people at the mercy of dispassionate bureaucracies, but also provided others with room for manoeuvre.
Biometrics may close the gap between an ID and its holder, but it opens a gulf between streamlined bureaucracies and people’s messy lives, their constrained choices, their survival strategies, their hopes for a better future, none of which can be captured on a digital scanner or encoded into a database.
▻https://www.lrb.co.uk/blog/2020/september/machine-readable-refugees
#biométrie #identité #réfugiés #citoyenneté #asile #migrations #ADN #tests_ADN #tests_génétiques #génétique #nationalité #famille #base_de_donnée #database #HCR #UNHCR #fraude #frontières #contrôles_frontaliers #iris #technologie #contrôle #réinstallation #protection_des_données #empreintes_digitales #identité_digitale-
voir, dans l’excellent film #Refugistan, la mise en place d’un camp high-tech dans laquelle l’identité digitale est expérimentée pour recevoir l’aide en cash :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/502311
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Deportation Union: Rights, accountability and the EU’s push to increase forced removals
Deportation Union provides a critical examination of recently-introduced and forthcoming EU measures designed to increase the number of deportations carried out by national authorities and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, Frontex. It focuses on three key areas: attempts to reduce or eliminate rights and protections in the law governing deportations; the expansion and interconnection of EU databases and information systems; and the increased budget, powers and personnel awarded to Frontex.
There has long-been coordinated policy, legal and operational action on migration at EU level, and efforts to increase deportations have always been a part of this. However, since the ‘migration crisis’ of 2015 there has been a rapid increase in new initiatives, the overall aim of which is to limit legal protections afforded to ‘deportable’ individuals at the same time as expanding the ability of national and EU authorities to track, detain and remove people with increasing efficiency.
The measures and initiatives being introduced by the EU to scale up deportations will require massive public expenditure on technology, infrastructure and personnel; the strengthening and expansion of state and supranational agencies already-lacking in transparency and democratic accountability; and are likely to further undermine claims that the EU occupies the moral high ground in its treatment of migrants. Anyone wishing to question and challenge these developments will first need to understand them. This report attempts to go some way towards assisting with that task.
►https://www.statewatch.org/deportation-union-rights-accountability-and-the-eu-s-push-to-increase-fo
#machine_à_expulser #expulsions #asile #migrations #réfugiés #renvois #UE #EU #rapport #union_européenne #renvois_forcés #rapport #Statewatch #Frontex #database #base_de_données #données_biométriques #Directive_Retour #return-opticon #Joint_return_operations (#JROs) #Collecting_return_operations #National_return_operations #Afghanistan #réfugiés_afghans #European_Centre_for_Returns #statistiques #chiffres #droits_fondamentaux #droits_humains #machine_à_expulser #machine_à_expulsion -
Le #joli_rouge
Le Joli Rouge est animé par la volonté de transmettre et de faire découvrir des #ouvrages autour de l’#anarchisme, du #féminisme ou de l’#éthique_animale.
Ici, vous trouverez bientôt une boutique proposant différents ouvrages sur ces thèmes.
Cette page propose des articles, textes et ouvrages diponibles gratuitement.Interview à l’initiateur du site :
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNS46L4gcdo&feature=youtu.be -
Automated suspicion: The EU’s new travel surveillance initiatives
This report examines how the EU is using new technologies to screen, profile and risk-assess travellers to the Schengen area, and the risks this poses to civil liberties and fundamental rights.
By developing ‘interoperable’ biometric databases, introducing untested profiling tools, and using new ‘pre-crime’ watchlists, people visiting the EU from all over the world are being placed under a veil of suspicion in the name of enhancing security.
Watch the animation below for an overview of the report. A laid-out version will be available shortly. You can read the press release here: ▻https://www.statewatch.org/news/2020/july/eu-to-deploy-controversial-technologies-on-holidaymakers-and-business-tr
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Executive summary
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has raised the possibility of widespread surveillance and location tracking for the purpose of disease control, setting alarm bells ringing amongst privacy advocates and civil rights campaigners. However, EU institutions and governments have long been set on the path of more intensive personal data processing for the purpose of migration control, and these developments have in some cases passed almost entirely under the radar of the press and civil society organisations.
This report examines, explains and critiques a number of large-scale EU information systems currently being planned or built that will significantly extend the collection and use of biometric and biographic data taken from visitors to the Schengen area, made up of 26 EU member states as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. In particular, it examines new systems being introduced to track, analyse and assess the potential security, immigration or public health risks posed by non-EU citizens who have to apply for either a short-stay visa or a travel authorisation – primarily the #Visa_Information_System (#VIS), which is being upgraded, and the #European_Travel_Information_and_Authorisation_System (#ETIAS), which is currently under construction.
The visa obligation has existed for years. The forthcoming travel authorisation obligation, which will cover citizens of non-EU states who do not require a visa, is new and will massively expand the amount of data the EU holds on non-citizens. It is the EU’s equivalent of the USA’s ESTA, Canada’s eTA and Australia’s ETA.[1] These schemes represent a form of “government permission to travel,” to borrow the words of Edward Hasbrouck,[2] and they rely on the extensive processing of personal data.
Data will be gathered on travellers themselves as well as their families, education, occupation and criminal convictions. Fingerprints and photographs will be taken from all travellers, including from millions of children from the age of six onwards. This data will not just be used to assess an individual’s application, but to feed data mining and profiling algorithms. It will be stored in large-scale databases accessible to hundreds of thousands of individuals working for hundreds of different public authorities.
Much of this data will also be used to feed an enormous new database holding the ‘identity data’ – fingerprints, photographs, names, nationalities and travel document data – of non-EU citizens. This system, the #Common_Identity_Repository (#CIR), is being introduced as part of the EU’s complex ‘interoperability’ initiative and aims to facilitate an increase in police identity checks within the EU. It will only hold the data of non-EU citizens and, with only weak anti-discrimination safeguards in the legislation, raises the risk of further entrenching racial profiling in police work.
The remote monitoring and control of travellers is also being extended through the VIS upgrade and the introduction of ETIAS. Travel companies are already obliged to check, prior to an individual boarding a plane, coach or train, whether they have the visa required to enter the Schengen area. This obligation will be extended to include travel authorisations, with travel companies able to use the central databases of the VIS and ETIAS to verify whether a person’s paperwork is in order or not. When people arrive at the Schengen border, when they are within the Schengen area and long after they leave, their personal data will remain stored in these systems and be available for a multitude of further uses.
These new systems and tools have been presented by EU institutions as necessary to keep EU citizens safe. However, the idea that more personal data gathering will automatically lead to greater security is a highly questionable claim, given that the authorities already have problems dealing with the data they hold now.
Furthermore, a key part of the ‘interoperability’ agenda is the cross-matching and combination of data on tens of millions of people from a host of different databases. Given that the EU’s databases are already-known to be strewn with errors, this massively increases the risks of mistakes in decision making in a policy field – immigration – that already involves a high degree of discretion and which has profound implications for peoples’ lives.
These new systems have been presented by their proponents as almost-inevitable technological developments. This is a misleading idea which masks the political and ethical judgments that lie behind the introduction of any new technology. It would be fairer to say that EU lawmakers have chosen to introduce unproven, experimental technologies – in particular, automated profiling – for use on non-EU citizens, who have no choice in the matter and are likely to face difficulties in exercising their rights.
Finally, the introduction of new databases designed to hold data on tens of millions of non-citizens rests on the idea that our public authorities can be trusted to comply with the rules and will not abuse the new troves of data to which they are being given access. Granting access to more data to more people inevitably increases the risk of individual abuses. Furthermore, the last decade has seen numerous states across the EU turn their back on fundamental rights and democratic standards, with migrants frequently used as scapegoats for society’s ills. In a climate of increased xenophobia and social hostility to foreigners, it is extremely dangerous to assert that intrusive data-gathering will counterbalance a supposed threat posed by non-citizens.
Almost all the legislation governing these systems has now been put in place. What remains is for them to be upgraded or constructed and put into use. Close attention should be paid by lawmakers, journalists, civil society organisations and others to see exactly how this is done. If all non-citizens are to be treated as potential risks and assessed, analysed, monitored and tracked accordingly, it may not be long before citizens come under the same veil of suspicion.
►https://www.statewatch.org/automated-suspicion-the-eu-s-new-travel-surveillance-initiatives
#vidéo:
#suspects #suspicion #frontières #rapport #StateWatch #migrations #asile #réfugiés #EU #UE #Union_européenne
#surveillance #profiling #database #base_de_données #données_personnelles #empreintes_digitales #enfants #agences_de_voyage #privatisation #interopérabilitéping @mobileborders @isskein @etraces @reka
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