Voici un lien vers notre dernier article dispo pendant 50 jours : ▻https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1UNvp,6yxC-6C3
Bonne annee en passant...
#economic
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La carte, si il s’agit de celle de la déforestation cumulée, n’est pas de moi, mais de l’équipe de Hansen, U. Maryland :
►https://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest
►http://www.globalforestwatch.org
▻http://www.globalforestwatch.org/map -
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Ombudsman: poverty in decline in Latvia | Baltic News Network - News from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
▻http://bnn-news.com/ombudsman-poverty-in-decline-in-latvia-152935«In 2013, Latvia had the lowest proportion of funding allocated for social insurance benefits in the European Union – 14% of GDP. This had very little impact on poverty reduction in the country,» – the European Commission mentioned about Latvia in its report.
The report mentions that Latvia’s contribution to social exclusion prevention measures (including guaranteed minimal income index) is only 0.1% of GDP, whereas the average index across Europe is 0.5%. Contribution to housing benefits is just as small: 0.1% of GDP (0.6% in Europe). Social assistance funding is completely decentralized and could increase regional inequality even more. In addition, the country’s social assistance system does not provide sufficient support to people wishing to return to the labour market.
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Democratic Information in an Age of Corporate Power
►http://multinationales.org/Democratic-Information-in-an-Age-of-Corporate-PowerIndependent information on big business and corporate power has never been more critical to our democracy. Whether from trade secrets protection, media concentration or because of the general erosion of workers’ and civil society’s rights to challenge business practices, independent information is under threat. The Multinationals Observatory, along with French NGO Ritimo, publishes a special issue of the Passerelle collection dedicated to this challenge, which includes contributions from many (...)
/ #Economic_Democracy, #internal_democracy_within_firms, #whistleblower, #freedom_of_expression_and_of_the_press, #transparency, #reporting, A la (...)
“►https://multinationales.org/IMG/pdf/pass14_enbd.pdf”
►http://www.ritimo.org
►http://www.multinationales.org
“►https://multinationales.org/Information-Democracy-and-Corporate-Power”
“►https://multinationales.org/Anya-Schiffrin-The-link-between-advocacy-and-journalism-is-older-th”
►http://multinationales.org/IMG/pdf/pass14_enbd.pdf -
Economic Diary of Latvia. | Baltic News Network - News from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
▻http://bnn-news.com/economic-diary-of-latvia-about-strong-women-in-power-151658This week, members of the Saeima unexpectedly declined amendments that provided for the merging of finance and customs police of the State Revenue Service. After hearing out deputies, Finance Minister Dana Reizniece-Ozola decided not to give up.
This week was rich with all kinds of paradoxes and surprises. For example, it became known that investments of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Latvia have reached approximately EUR 600 million.
Opposite to claims that Latvia is irrationally using its forests, it turns out that the total forested area in Latvia has doubled since the pre-war period. It continues to increase year after year, according to information from Green House association.#Economics #Latvia #Ministry_of_finances #Forests #Nature #Investments
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#Africa : Why Western Economists Get It Wrong
▻http://africasacountry.com/2016/09/africa-why-western-economists-get-it-wrongDevelopment #economics as a field of study was formally launched in the 1950s by the Afro-Caribbean economist Arthur Lewis who, out of necessity, wanted to understand how his own country, Saint Lucia, could transform from an agro-based economy into a modern industrial state (later, in 1979, Lewis was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics […]
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Government passes amendments banning cash transactions in excess of EUR 7,200
| News | LETA
▻http://www.leta.lv/eng/home/important/133A198A-9736-2A90-EE8A-AE4370015442RIGA, Sept 20 (LETA) - Natural persons who are not engaged in carrying on a business will not be allowed to engage in cash transactions the value of which exceeds EUR 7,200, according to amendments to the Law on Taxes and Duties that the government approved today.
The Finance Ministry’s representatives will have a meeting with representatives of the Accountants Association later this week to specify the amount of fines applicable to individuals who violate the new provision in the law. -
#Corporate_Tax is a feminist matter
▻http://africasacountry.com/2016/09/corporate-tax-is-a-feminist-matterCitiGroup, Coca Cola, ExxonMobil, General Motors, Goldman Sachs, Verizon, Wal-Mart, Pfizer, JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America and Microsoft; of all the things these multinational corporations (MNCs) agree on, two things stand out: a proclaimed devotion to the feminist agenda and a penchant for tax dodging. On the former, all MNC’s claim to dedicate some […]
#IT'S_THE_ECONOMY #activism #development #economics #feminism #human_rights #NGOs #Tax_havens
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Unemployment rate in Latvia has fallen for 0,2% - 8,1% in August. Still - 17,5% in Latgale
Although unemployment rate has been falling last months, it is still high in Latgale - 17,5%.
▻http://bnn.lv/registreta-bezdarba-limenis-samazinajies-lidz-8-1-196587
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Week in Lithuania. Eurostat: Vilnius is best EU capital to live in; President urges Defence minister to step down etc.
Population of Vilnius is most happy with their life in their city as compared to all other people living in EU capitals, according to a Eurostat survey. Ninety-eight percent of residents of Vilnius said they were satisfied living in their city during the survey carried out last year.
The Lithuanian capital moved up five positions compared with a similar survey taken in 2012. The highest level of satisfaction in Europe was recorded in Oslo, the capital of Norway, which is not an EU member state. Vilnius is followed closely by Stockholm and Copenhagen, 97 per cent each, and Vienna and Luxembourg with 96 per cent. The lowest satisfaction level was recorded in Athens at 71 per cent. Relatively low levels of satisfaction were in Rome at 80 per cent and Bucharest and Paris, at 83 per cent each.
▻http://bnn-news.com/week-in-lithuania-eurostat-vilnius-is-best-eu-capital-to-live-in-150848
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0.7% deflation registered in August; consumer prices unchanged y-o-y
he latest data of the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) shows that the the average level of consumer prices did not change in August of this year when compared to the same month of last year.
Prices of goods decreased by 1.2 percent, while prices of services grew by three percent during this time.
Compared to August 2015, in August 2016 the greatest pressure on the average level of consumer prices was applied by the increase in prices in recreation and culture, prices of alcoholic beverages and tobacco, health care, prices in communication group, and prices of food and non-alcoholic beverages, as well as by the drop in prices of goods and services related to transport, goods and services related to housing, and clothing and footwear.
▻http://leta.lv/home/important/AD1E6EBD-7101-463B-8270-F0D413C787C7
#Latvia #Deflation #economics -
airBaltic achieves fastest growth in passenger numbers in Baltics
Martin Gauss, Chief Executive Officer of airBaltic: «We thank our customers for choosing to fly with airBaltic during the busiest travel season. As a result, we have achieved the fastest growth across all of the Baltic markets, and now outpace the largest carriers operating in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania.»As previously informed, airBaltic has improved its offering in Tallinn and Vilnius by opening additional direct services. As part of its Horizon 2021 plan, airBaltic will operate 11 direct routes out of Tallinn and Vilnius in the next five years, in combination with convenient transfers via Riga.
▻http://bnn-news.com/airbaltic-achieves-fastest-growth-in-passenger-numbers-in-baltics-150258 -
Economic diary of Latvia
This week, it became known about the biggest merging process in the banking sector in the past several years. Nordea and DNB have announced their plans to combine their experience, knowledge and efforts in Baltic States.
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This week, the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia announced results of Latvian hotels and other places of accommodation for the first half-year of 2016. As it turned out, foreign guests have spent 1,892 million nights in Latvia, which is 6.5% more in comparison with the same period of 2015. In Q2 2016, the number of foreign tourists in Latvia reached 432.7 thousand people. 29.6% of them came from neighbouring countries: Russia (10.9%), Lithuania (8.6%), Estonia (8.1%) and Belarus (2%). There has also been an increase in the number of guests from USA (+56.6%), Spain (+33.4%), UK (+27%), Lithuania (+17.9%), Poland (+17.4%) and Finland (+13.5%).▻http://bnn-news.com/economic-diary-of-latvia-banks-are-combining-their-efforts-149912
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Experts determine Latvia’s biggest earners, losers and dividend recipients in 2016
Riekstins, whose co-owned company demonstrated record-high profits in 2015, has managed to take the lead away from mega-earners working in the banking sector, who remain the largest dividend recipients in the country.«The previous record for dividends, which was set up by ABLV Bank shareholders in 2014, when the two co-owners received dividends worth more than EUR 36 million, has been exceeded,» – notes Kapitāls magazine’s manager Juris Kabakovs. «Oleg Fils’ and Ernest Bernis’ last year’s dividend amount had exceeded EUR 50 million.»
▻http://bnn-news.com/experts-determine-latvia-s-biggest-earners-losers-and-dividend-recipients-
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Nordea and DNB to cooperate in Baltic States
Nordea Bank and DNB Bank have signed an agreement on cooperation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to create a new leading bank in Baltic States with powerful Nordic roots.The deal depends on conditions and approvals detailed in regulations.
It is planned that the deal in regards to the new bank’s formation will be concluded around Q2 2017. Until then, both banks will continue working as competitors.
It is intended that Nordea and DNB will have equal voting rights in the new bank. The division of economic property rights will be different. This is because it will be based on capital value of existing banks and the total investments in the new bank at the time of conclusion of the transaction.
▻http://bnn-news.com/nordea-and-dnb-to-cooperate-in-baltic-states-149783
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KVV Group threatens Latvia with possible fine of up to EUR 300 million
Ukrainian KVV Group is preparing to submit a complaint to the European Commission’s Anti-Monopoly and Corruption Prevention Committee against Latvia. This could result in Latvia having to face a fine of EUR 150 to EUR 300 million, as reported by KVV Group’s press secretary Natalia Napadovskaya.▻http://bnn-news.com/kvv-group-threatens-latvia-with-possible-fine-of-up-to-eur-300-million-149
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EUR 217 million was issued in mortgage loans in Latvia this year
Mortgage loan services develop rapidly in Latvia. In the first half of 2016, Latvian banks provided households new mortgage loans worth a total of EUR 217.1 million, which is 71% more in comparison with the same period of 2015, according to information from Latvian Commercial Banks Association.
▻http://bnn-news.com/eur-217-million-was-issued-in-mortgage-loans-in-latvia-this-year-149641
#Latvia #Latvija #state_support_programme #mortgage #economics
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Double standards in minimum wage discussions in Latvia and sanctions against Russia
Brief review of the highlights in Latvia from the previous week.
The main events of this week can be described as ‘the double standards system in action’. First of all, it turned out that Latvia’s minimum wage rate is not equal to all. Secondly, it became known this week that Latvia’s government supports maintaining sanctions against Russia with one hand and put efforts to improve economic cooperation with the same Russia with the other hand.
▻http://bnn-news.com/economic-diary-of-latvia-double-standards-system-in-action-149437
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Lithuanian companies remain the largest in the region
Turnover-wise, the three largest companies in Baltic States are all Lithuanian, according to the Top 50 rating of Baltic companies compiled by Coface credit risk company. Coface mentions as positive trend in Baltic States in regards to the growth of household consumption and improvement of the state of the labour market.▻http://bnn-news.com/lithuanian-companies-remain-the-largest-in-the-region-149530
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Number of small-wage recipients continues to decline in Latvia
Data of the Labour Force Survey also shows show that in Q2 2016 the size of monthly wages and salaries after taxes received by 45.1 % of the employees comprised less than 450.00 euros (3.8 percentage points less than in Q2 2015). Out of that number, 20.9 % received minimum wage or less, the share of such people has dropped by 2 percentage points during the year. The share of employees receiving wages and salaries amounting to 450.01–700 euros constituted 30.1% (1.2 percentage points less than a year ago); the proportion of people receiving 700.01–1400.00 euros accounted for 17.3 % (3.7 percentage points less than in the respective period of the previous year); the share receiving net wages and salaries exceeding 1400 euros comprised 2.5 % (0.7 percentage points more than in Q2 2015); for 3.5 % of employees wage was not calculated or paid; while 1.5 % of the employees refused to specify the size of the wage or salary thereof.
▻http://bnn-news.com/number-of-small-wage-recipients-continues-to-decline-in-latvia-149323 -
Next year budget’s fiscal space is 70million
The Latvian government has informed that next year budget’s fiscal space is 70 million euro. Prime minister Māris Kučinskis added that additional financing for education (27 million) and health care (35 million) is not included in this amount of money.
Now the ministries will have to decide which will be the priorities and which policies should receive more money.▻http://leta.lv/home/important/209C3CF8-F2C6-41DC-84F3-4AF024F85B28
Nākamā gada budžeta fiskālā telpa - 70 miljoni eiro; plāno aizvietot solidaritātes nodokli
Rīga, 9.aug., LETA. Nākamā gada budžeta fiskālā telpa ir 70 miljoni, tāpat nākamā gada budžeta ietvaros iecerēts pārskatīt uzņēmēju iepriekš kritizēto solidaritātes nodokli, šodien pēc valdības sēdes žurnālistiem sacīja Ministru prezidents Māris Kučinskis (ZZS). -
Is it too late to say sorry? #IMF Edition
▻http://africasacountry.com/2016/05/is-it-too-late-to-say-sorry-imf-editionThis past week, the IMF, in their quarterly magazine Finance and Development, published an essay with the rather surprising title “Neoliberalism: Oversold?” Written by IMF economists, the piece is meant to be a critique of the neoliberal agenda, an agenda that’s been pushed, almost relentlessly, by the IMF, World Bank and other allied institutions over […]
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Decolonizing the teaching of #economics in #South_Africa
▻http://africasacountry.com/2016/04/its-the-economy-no-7Recently Ihsaan Bassier, a graduate student in economics at the University of Cape Town (UCT) in South Africa, wrote a thought provoking essay for GroundUp, a local news website, on the need to “decolonize” the teaching of undergraduate economics at that university. Economics in South African #universities is currently taught in the manner and methods […]
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À l’heure des data center détenus par la NSA ou les GAFAM, bref de la (re)concentration informatique, de l’hyper-concentration, l’argument des #bitcoin et comme « #pair_à_pair » ou outils de désintermédiation laisse rêveur. On peut déjà noter que le bitcoin est une régression puisqu’il cherche à contourner la gestion politique de la #monnaie (alors que cela a toujours été le cas et qu’on en est de plus en plus conscient) en revalorisant d’une manière (néo)classique, ou plutôt capitaliste, la « preuve de travail » jugée sur le temps-énergie (#Proof_of_work).
Ne faudrait-il pas plutôt parler de ré-intermédiation ? Une transformation du système d’intermédiaires, très certainement au bénéfice des propriétaires (de machines, d’énergie, de compétences logicielles, des terrains nécessaires à la production de machines mais aussi des capitaux nécessaires à enrôler-salarialiser les travailleurs indispensables).
#Bitcoin_Mining Farm Build Out in Iceland - Genesis #Mining
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7A-mcSOGolMJe me mets de coté toute une série de critiques qui pointent la consommation énergétique (la production d’ #énergie, encore une industrie connu pour son caractère #décentralisé et #désintermédié) et autres problèmes générés par ces technologies :
Consommation d’énergie (et de matière) :
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/131228
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/424376#message424451
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/355322#message355337
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/137297
►http://seenthis.net/messages/137297#message137543
éventuelles « solutions » à ce problème (ce sont plus des contournements) :
►http://seenthis.net/messages/280500
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/312332
Des critiques plus globales :
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/279395#message279408
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/135202
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/218268
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/468936
Pour se rendre compte de la désintermédiation et dé-concentration du Bitcoin ces vidéo sont sympas :
A LOOK INSIDE AMERICA’S LARGEST #BITCOIN_MINING_FARM
Life Inside a Secret Chinese #Bitcoin_Mine
Et ces articles écrits à un moment où moins d’un millième des internautes utilisent le bitcoin ou une technologie similaire
▻http://www.e-ducat.fr/cop21-et-blockchain
Les participants à la Cop21 sont peut être majoritairement persuadés par le discours du lobby bancaire que le minage des bitcoins est un gaspillage énergétique.
Quand est il vraiment ?
La puissance de calcul totale du réseau est de 500 milliards de Mhash/sec (à la date d’aujourd’hui, 28 novembre 2015).
L’efficacité du matériel de minage peut être estimée autour de 2000 Mhash/J.
La #consommation_électrique totale du réseau bitcoin, disponible dans le monde entier, se situe donc autour de 250 MJ/sec = 250 MWatt, c’est à dire l’équivalent de 100 000 maisons aux Etats-Unis.A titre de comparaison, il existe environ deux millions de distributeurs de billets de banque dans le monde, chacun consommant en moyenne 200 Watts, même si les modèles les plus récents affichent une consommation théorique de 70 Watts (source : diebold.com).
Au final, les seuls ATMs (sans compter les réseaux et data centers auxquels ils sont connectés) consomment donc 400 Mwatts.
Si l’ impression des billets de banque sur papier de haute qualité et leur transport en camions blindés sont pris en compte, l’adoption de masse de Bitcoin comme cash électronique permettrait de diviser l’empreinte carbone des systèmes de paiement par trois ou quatre.Avec un coût moyen de l’ #électricité aux US de 10 cents par Kilowattheure en 2015, on obtient un coût de 25 000 US dollars pour 150 bitcoins générés par heure, soit un coût de “production” de 167 dollars par bitcoin (environ 157 €), environ la moitié du prix de marché des bitcoins à la même date. La différence correspond à la prime d’utilité, présente et future, attribuée aux bitcoins.
▻http://www.latribune.fr/technos-medias/20131203trib000799051/bitcoins-une-vraie-planche-a-bruler-de-l-electricite.html
L’économiste nord-américain Alex Tabarrok signale sur le site Marginal Revolution qu’avec la flambée du cours du bitcoin, ces opérations coûtent en conséquence de plus en plus cher. Il rappelle ainsi :
« En avril, quand les bitcoins s’échangeaient environ 100 dollars, la consommation d’électricité des ’mineurs’ de bitcoins atteignait le niveau stupéfiant de 1000 mégawatts/heure par jour, assez pour fournir de assez pour fournir de l’énergie à 31.000 foyers américains. »
Cela représentait également 150.000 dollars par jour, en prenant en compte le tarif moyen de 15 cents par #kilowatt-heure et sur la base de 650 watts consommés par opération de minage.
Huit mois plus tard, suivant ces estimations, ce coût a été multiplié par… 100 ! Au 3 décembre 2013, le coût en électricité estimé par la plateforme précédemment citée Blockchain pour le minage est en effet de 15,3 millions de dollars au cours des 24 heures précédentes. Un coût global supporté par chaque internaute qui participe aux opérations de minage. Entre temps, le cours du Bitcoin a lui aussi explosé, dépassant la barre des 1.000 dollars fin novembre.
#capitalisme #travail #preuve_de_travail #PoW #cryptocurrency
#namecoin #Ethereum #économie #p2p #Proof_of_stake-
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Un autre élément intéressant, la taille de la blockchaine (ce qui conditionne la possibilité de participer à sa surveillance et à sa conservation, puisque plus elle est grosse plus elle demande des capacités de calcul et de stockage importantes. Donc si on ne peut pas faire ces opérations on est obligé de passer par un #intermédiaire) :
Cette page enregistre son évolution, on voit qu’en 2013 elle pesait environ 9Go et qu’aujourd’hui, en 2016, elle pèse environ 62Go, son évolution semble suivre une croissance exponentielle :
►https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size?showDataPoints=false&show_header=true&daysAverageString=1&t
Discussions sur le sujet :
▻http://linuxfr.org/users/gof/journaux/comment-fonctionne-bitcoin#comment-1469644
▻https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=146830.msg1558859#msg1558859
Salut anemol,
Pour l’instant, la blockchain augmente avec un maximum de 1Mo par block toutes les ~10min c.a.d. maximum 52Go par an (hors indexages, c.a.d uniquement les fichiers block{NNN}.dat. Avec l’index il faut au moins multiplier par 2).
Des discussions sont en cours pour augmenter cette taille, car cela limite le nombre de transactions possible par block.Il y a dans le document initial de satoshi, une méthode pour effacer toutes les adresses déja dépensées mais elle n’est pas encore implementée (merkle pruning). Cette methode pourrait réduire de beaucoup la taille de la blockchain, mais dans tous les cas ne concernera pas non plus les utilisateurs normaux.
A long terme les utilisateurs n’auront plus de client sauvegardant la blockchain.
Les noeuds ayant une blockchain seront des super-noeuds gérés de manière décentralisés, un peu comme les exit-nodes sous Tor, ou les tracker bittorrent.
Seules des personnes avec un bon serveur pourront faire tourner un noeud.Il y a quelques calculs sur cette page pour plus de détails : ▻https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability
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Sur un autre point il y a aussi les critiques de Christian Grothoff
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/358071
►https://gnunet.org/diss-wachs6.9 Related Work and Comparison
6.9.2 Namecoin
With #Namecoin it is possible to square #Zooko ’s triangle and achieve all three properties of #Zooko_s_triangle at the same time: memorable, global and secure names. Names are globally unique since with the blockchain a consensus in the network about the current state of the system and therefore all registered names exist. #Names are memorable since they are explicitly chosen that way when registering these names. But with initial cheap cost when bootstrapping the system, the problem of name squatting exists. Initially the registration cost of names are low and therefore early adopters register names with the expectation to sell these names when the system is popular. So with Namecoin, names are an #economic object possessed by an owner and are object of trade and economic behavior. The system is said to be #secure, since with a majority of benign nodes in the network, the consensus of the block chain cannot be attacked. This assumption is only valid with an adversary model weaker than the adversary model used for this work. Note that our adversary model is not a far-fetched assumption in this context: as we saw with recent revelations about a single mining pool in the #Bitcoin network possessing more than 51% of the computational power in the network [Far14a], it is conceivable that a nation-state can muster more resources than the small number of other entities that participate in the system, especially for systems used as an alternative in places where censorship is encountered or during the bootstrapping of the network, when only a small number of users participate.
#Security can also be lowered by the concept of the Namecoin resolution process: a client resolving a name has to be in possession of the complete block chain to validate a name. The complete block chain can be large in size and therefore not be available on devices with restricted resources. These devices would then have to rely on third party resolvers and so creating a trusted third party, which may not be trustworthy or may be manipulated, just like in #DNS. -
Deux autres éléments concernant les Bitcoin et la blockchain.
D’une part les plus gros et les plus puissants des intermédiaires, de l’informatique ou du #système_bancaire, s’y mettent :
▻http://seenthis.net/messages/462720
►http://seenthis.net/messages/441752IBM, Intel, and Cisco as well as the London Stock Exchange Group and big-name banks JP Morgan, Wells Fargo, and State Street [...]
Marley Gray, who oversees blockchain work at Microsoft. People like Gray and Overstock CEO Patrick Byrne believe the blockchain can also close loopholes in the market that allow #traders to game the current system on Wall Streetou encore
▻http://www.itespresso.fr/blobkchain-banques-bitcoin-loin-107942.html
La question se pose à propos de ces neuf banques d’investissement qui se sont associées à l’entreprise FinTech new-yorkaise R3CEV pour explorer les usages de la blockchain dans l’industrie des services financiers.
Barclays, #Goldman_Sachs, BBVA, UBS, Credit Suisse, #JP_Morgan, Royal Bank of Scotland, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, State Street…
et
R3 is a financial innovation firm that leads the Distributed Ledger Group (DLG), a consortium partnership with 42 of the world’s leading banks, to design and deliver advanced distributed ledger technologies to global financial markets.
L’autre aspect, c’est que, pour le moment, ce n’est pas très efficace (malgré toute l’électricité et la puissance de calcule consommés) :
La blockchain tuera-t-elle vraiment les banques ? - 10 novembre 2015
►http://blockchainfrance.net/2015/11/10/la-blockchain-tuera-t-elle-vraiment-les-banques
En réalité, la menace que représente la blockchain pour les #banques reste très limitée à court terme pour une raison simple : le bitcoin n’est pas capable de traiter plus 7 #transactions par seconde, là où un système comme #Visa peut en traiter jusqu’à 20 000 par seconde . Cette restriction inhérente au protocole actuel du bitcoin constitue un réel blocage.Ce n’est toutefois pas une fatalité : il existe des pistes pour augmenter cette limite des 7 transactions/seconde : par exemple, celle proposée par le développeur bitcoin Gavin Andresen qui propose de basculer sur une nouvelle version du bitcoin en augmentant la taille des blocs. ▻https://actualite.housseniawriting.com/technologie/2015/08/29/le-probleme-qui-menace-le-bitcoin/7756 D’autres développeurs estiment plus judicieux de développer des side chains, c’est à dire des chaines fonctionnant en parallèle à la principale, afin d’augmenter le volume de transactions pouvant être traité.
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Is one continent, one country a viable strategy for #Africa-China relations?
▻http://africasacountry.com/2015/11/the-china-africa-summitThree top executives of state-owned #China Railway Construction Corporation Limited were fatally shot in the Radisson Bleu Hotel Attacks in Bamako. The victims add to a worrisome set of attacks.....
