For Ethiopia’s Underemployed Youth, Life Can Center on a Leaf
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/22/world/africa/ethiopia-khat-leaves.html?src=twr&smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur
For Ethiopia’s Underemployed Youth, Life Can Center on a Leaf
Italy and the Addis Ababa massacre
For Italians, it was a garden-variety colonial atrocity. For Ethiopians it was a modern war crime
According to the Ethiopian government, 30,000 Ethiopians died during Italy’s campaign of terror in February 1937
▻https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21725277-italians-it-was-garden-variety-colonial-atrocity-ethiopians-it-was-modern?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/italyandtheaddisababamassacre
#histoire #colonialisme #colonisation #Ethiopie #Italie #massacre #terreur
#paywall
Alphabay, Hansa : coup de filet monstre sur les marchés noirs
▻http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/alphabay-hansa-coup-de-filet-monstre-sur-les-marches-noirs-39855274.htm
Ethereum : nouveau casse sans arme, ni violence de 30 millions de dollars
▻http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/ethereum-nouveau-casse-sans-arme-ni-violence-de-30-millions-de-dollars-3985524 #cryptomonnaie
Sécurité : La société britannique Parity, qui édite un client pour les utilisateurs d’ #Ethereum, a annoncé qu’une faille avait été détectée dans certaines versions de ses porte-monnaie. Un #cybercriminel s’est servi de cette vulnérabilité afin de dérober l’équivalent de 30 millions de dollars en ether.
A hacker stole $31M of Ether — how it happened, and what it means for Ethereum
▻https://medium.freecodecamp.org/a-hacker-stole-31m-of-ether-how-it-happened-and-what-it-means-f
[...]
Around 12:00 PST, an unknown attacker exploited a critical flaw in the Parity multi-signature wallet on the Ethereum network, draining three massive wallets of over $31,000,000 worth of Ether in a matter of minutes. Given a couple more hours, the hacker could’ve made off with over $105,000,000 from vulnerable wallets.
But someone stopped them.
Having sounded the alarm bells, a group of benevolent white-hat hackers from the Ethereum community rapidly organized. They analyzed the attack and realized that there was no way to reverse the thefts, yet many more wallets were vulnerable. Time was of the essence, so they saw only one available option: hack the remaining wallets before the attacker did.
By exploiting the same vulnerability, the white-hats hacked all of the remaining at-risk wallets and drained their accounts, effectively preventing the attacker from reaching any of the remaining $77,000,000.
Yes, you read that right.
To prevent the hacker from robbing any more banks, the white-hats wrote software to rob all of the remaining banks in the world. Once the money was safely stolen, they began the process of returning the funds to their respective account holders. The people who had their money saved by this heroic feat are now in the process of retrieving their funds.
It’s an extraordinary story, and it has significant implications for the world of cryptocurrencies.
It’s important to understand that this exploit was not a vulnerability in Ethereum or in #Parity itself. Rather, it was a vulnerability in the default smart contract code that the Parity client gives the user for deploying multi-signature wallets.
[...]
Most programmers today are trained on the web development model. Unfortunately, the blockchain security model is more akin to the older model.
In blockchain, code is intrinsically unrevertible. Once you deploy a bad smart contract, anyone is free to attack it as long and hard as they can, and there’s no way to take it back if they get to it first. Unless you build intelligent security mechanisms into your contracts, if there’s a bug or successful attack, there’s no way to shut off your servers and fix the mistake. Being on Ethereum by definition means everyone owns your server.
A common saying in cybersecurity is “attack is always easier than defense.” Blockchain sharply multiplies this imbalance. It’s far easier to attack because you have access to the code of every contract, know how much money is in it, and can take as long as you want to try to attack it. And once your attack is successful, you can potentially steal all of the money in the contract.
Imagine that you were deploying software for vending machines. But instead of a bug allowing you to simply steal candy from one machine, the bug allowed you to simultaneously steal candy from every machine in the world that employed this software. Yeah, that’s how blockchain works.
In the case of a successful attack, defense is extremely difficult. The white-hats in the Parity hack demonstrated how limited their defense options were — there was no way to secure or dismantle the contracts, or even to hack back the stolen money; all they could do was hack the remaining vulnerable contracts before the attacker did.
This might seem to spell a dark future.
But I don’t think this is a death knell for blockchain programming. Rather, it confirms what everyone already knows: this ecosystem is young and immature. It’s going to take a lot of work to develop the training and discipline to treat smart contracts the way that banks treat their ATM software. But we’re going to have to get there for blockchain to be successful in the long run.
This means not just programmers maturing and getting more training. It also means developing tools and languages that make all of this easier, and give us rigorous guarantees about our code.
It’s still early. Ethereum is a work in progress, and it’s changing rapidly. You should not treat Ethereum as a bank or as a replacement for financial infrastructure. And certainly you should not store any money in a hot wallet that you’re not comfortable losing.
[...]
Livre | Repenser l’immigration. Une boussole éthique
▻https://asile.ch/2017/03/20/livre-repenser-limmigration-boussole-ethique
▻https://asile.ch/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Rochel_RepenserImmigration.jpeg
L’immigration place les démocraties européennes face à d’immenses défis éthiques. Les valeurs de liberté, d’égalité et de solidarité qui ont nourri leur histoire semblent aujourd’hui avoir perdu leur capacité à nous orienter. De l’« expat » au requérant d’asile, du regroupement familial à la libre circulation, la diversité des situations migratoires bouscule nos convictions et interroge nos […]
What gives us a right to deport people? #Joseph_Carens on the ethics of immigration
Most people think that states have the right to decide which people they do or don’t want to let in, and what rules they expect immigrants to follow. You reject that assumption. Why?
Et le livre “The ethics of immigration” de Carens:
Les chantiers de l’éthique de l’immigration
Comment replacer les valeurs fondamentales de liberté et d’égalité au cœur de la réflexion sur les politiques migratoires ? Deux exercices philosophiques très simples nous allègent de nos réflexes d’origine, de genre et de classe.
▻https://www.reiso.org/articles/les-dossiers-annuels/2516-les-chantiers-de-l-ethique-de-l-immigration
EXCLUSIVE: UK “voluntary” returns – refugee coercion and NGO complicity
The UK Home Office is accelerating its drive for “illegal” migrants and those refused asylum to return home voluntarily – a tactic publicised as more cost-effective and “humane” than forced returns. But how “voluntary” are these returns really? And how have NGOs become complicit in this strategy?
▻https://www.irinnews.org/investigations/2017/02/21/exclusive-uk-%E2%80%9Cvoluntary%E2%80%9D-returns-%E2%80%93-refugee-coercio
#renvois #expulsions #retour_volontaire #asile #migrations #réfugiés #UK #Angleterre
The Growing Popularity of Paying Refugees to Go Away
In the first in a two-part series on the ethics of paying refugees to leave, author Mollie Gerver looks at how much different host governments are prepared to pay to get asylum seekers to go home.
▻https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/community/2017/08/10/the-growing-popularity-of-paying-refugees-to-go-away
#argent #éthique
Saudi Arabia ‘deports 40,000 Pakistani workers over terror fears’ | The Independent
▻http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-deports-40000-pakistan-workers-terror-fears-attacks-coun
The alleged mass deportations come after a year of strikes and other unrest in the kingdom due to unpaid wages following the oil market’s decline and subsequent blow to the Saudi economy.
Trafficked and abused in Saudi Arabia, Indonesian workers scramble to go home
The Indonesian Embassy and the Saudi authorities are investigating a report that claims hundreds of Indonesian migrant workers are being locked up by a recruitment company in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
▻http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/04/03/trafficked-and-abused-in-saudi-arabia-indonesian-workers-scramble-to
#migrants_indonésiens
Saudi police shot and stole from Ethiopians during mass deportation claim abused migrants
Saudi Arabia’s latest wave of deportations began November 11 after several months of warnings by the government.
Authorities say the kingdom has detained around 250,000 people violating its residency laws in the crackdown.
Approximately 50,000 already forcibly flown out of the country.
▻http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/saudi-police-shot-stole-ethiopians-during-mass-deportation-claim-abused-m
#Ethiopie #migrants_éthiopiens #réfugiés_éthiopiens
Israel urged to apologise for disappeared babies
Al Jazeera | by Jonathan Cook | 2 janvier 2016
▻http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/01/israel-urged-apologise-disappeared-babies-170101134501812.html
Nazareth - Some 200,000 documents concerning the mysterious disappearance of thousands of babies in Israel’s early years were made public last week for the first time.
The Israeli government declassified the files, publishing them in an online archive, after decades of accusations that officials have been concealing evidence that many of the babies were stolen from their parents.
The families, most of them Jews from Arab countries recently arrived in Israel, fear the infants were handed over by hospitals and clinics to wealthy Jewish families in Israel and abroad.
Three official inquiries concluded instead that most of the babies died during a time of chaos after the state was founded in 1948, falling victim to disease or malnourishment.
But many of the families were never issued a death certificate or shown a grave. Other say healthy babies were snatched out of their hands by hospital staff and never returned to them.
Suspicions of a cover-up were heightened by the decision of the Kedmi inquiry, which published its findings in 2001, to place many case files and testimonies under lock for 70 years.(...)
Une répression (presque) ignorée en #Éthiopie
▻http://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/26482-une-repression-presque-ignoree-en-ethiopie
Depuis Novembre 2015, des manifestions en région #Oromo (Centre et Ouest du pays) et #Amhara (Nord du pays) se déroulent en Ethiopie. A l’origine de ces manifestions, une dénonciation de la domination de la minorité au pouvoir, les Tigréens. A ce jour, environ 700 personnes ont été tuées par le gouvernement de Haile Mariam Desalegn.
Sans le geste héroïque du marathonien Feyisa Lilesa aux Jeux Olympiques de Rio, la sanglante répression des manifestants dans laquelle s’est engagée le gouvernement éthiopien serait passée inaperçue au sein de la communauté internationale. A l’origine de la colère du peuple Oromo, un #accaparement de leurs terres par l’état qui ensuite les revend à des multinationales, mais aussi l’explosion démographique de la capitale Addis Abeba, ce qui par conséquent amène la ville à grossir et donc spolier les terres Oromos entourant la capitale (en 10 ans, plus de 150000 agriculteurs Oromo ont été chassés de leurs #terres par l’état).