• Greece, ABR: The Greek government are building walls around the five mainland refugee camps

    The Greek government are building walls around the five mainland refugee camps, #Ritsona, #Polykastro, #Diavata, #Makakasa and #Nea_Kavala. Why this is necessary, and for what purpose, when the camps already are fenced in with barbed wire fences, is difficult to understand.
    “Closed controlled camps" ensuring that asylum seekers are cut off from the outside communities and services. A very dark period in Greece and in EU refugee Policy.
    Three meter high concrete walls, outside the already existing barbed wire fences, would makes this no different than a prison. Who are they claiming to protect with these extreme measures, refugees living inside from Greek right wing extremists, or people living outside from these “dangerous” men, women and children? We must remember that this is supposed to be a refugee camps, not high security prisons.
    EU agreed on financing these camps, on the condition that they should be open facilities, same goes for the new camps that are being constructed on the island. In reality people will be locked up in these prisons most of the day, only allowed to go out on specific times, under strict control, between 07.00-19.00. Remember that we are talking about families with children, and not criminals, so why are they being treated as such?
    While Greece are opening up, welcoming tourists from all over the world, they are locking up men, women and children seeking safety in Europe, in prisons behind barbed wire fences and concrete walls, out of sight, out of mind. When these new camps on the islands, financed by Europe are finished, they will also be fenced in by high concrete walls. Mark my words: nothing good will come of this!
    “From Malakasa, Nea Kavala, Polycastro and Diavata camps to the world!!
    “if you have find us silent against the walls,it doesn’t mean that we agree to live like prisoners,but in fact we are all afraid to be threaten,if we speak out and raise our voices!!”

    (https://twitter.com/parwana_amiri/status/1395593312460025858)

    https://www.facebook.com/AegeanBoatReport/posts/1088971624959274

    #murs #asile #migrations #réfugiés #camps_de_réfugiés #Grèce #camps_fermés #barbelés

    • "Ø double military-grade walls
      Ø restricted entrance and exit times (8am-8pm: itself a questionable suggestion: why should people be banned from going outside at any time of day or night? Under what possible justification?)
      Ø a CCTV system and video monitors
      Ø drone flights over the ‘camps’
      Ø camera-monitored perimeter alarms
      Ø control gates with metal detectors and x-ray devices
      Ø a system to broadcast announcements from loudspeakers
      Ø a control centre for the camps at the ministry’s HQ
      And this will be paid for – a total bill of €33m – by the EU.
      As this cash is on top of the €250m the EU has already promised to build these camps – described, we must stress, as ‘closed’ repeatedly in the Greek governments’ ‘deliverability document’ even though the EU, and specifically its Commissioner for Home Affairs Ylva Johansson who confirmed the €250m payment on her visit to the Aegean islands in March this year, promised the EU would not fund closed camps - it is absolutely vital that the Union is not misled into handing over millions of Euros for a programme designed to break international law and strip men, women and children of their fundamental human rights and protections.
      We must stress: these men, women and children have committed no crime. Even if they were suspected of having done so, they would be entitled to a trial before a jury before having their freedom taken away from them for – based on the current advised waiting period for asylum cases to be processed in Greece – up to five years.»

      ( text by Koraki : https://www.facebook.com/koraki.org)
      source : https://www.facebook.com/yorgos.konstantinou/posts/10223644448395917


      source : https://www.facebook.com/yorgos.konstantinou/posts/10223644448395917

      –—


      source : https://www.facebook.com/yorgos.konstantinou/posts/10223657767448885

      #caricature #dessin_de_presse by #Yorgos_Konstantinou

    • Pétition:

      EU: Build Schools, Not Walls

      We strongly stand against allocating European funds to build walls around Greek refugee camps.

      The ongoing fencing work at the Ritsona, Polykastro, Diavata, Malakasa and Nea Kavala camps must stop immediately.

      Greece, with the full support of the European Union, is turning refugee camps into de-facto prisons.

      Millions of euros allocated for building walls should be spent on education, psychological support and the improvement of hygienic conditions in the refugee camps.

      What happened?

      In January and February 2021, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) published two invitations to bid for the construction of fences in refugee camps in mainland Greece.

      However, the fences became concrete walls. In March the Greek Ministry of Migration and Asylum commissioned to build NATO type fences and introduce additional security measures.

      Nobody - including camp residents - was informed about it.

      The walls are a jeopardy for integration, safety and mental health

      Residents of refugee camps fled their country in search for safety. In Europe their (mental) health is worsening because of the horrific conditions in the camps.

      Building the walls after a year of strict lockdown will lead to a further deterioration in their mental state.

      Moreover, it will:
      – deepen divisions between people: it will make the interaction between refugees and the local community even more difficult, if not impossible.
      – make it even harder for journalists and NGO’s to monitor the situation in the camp
      – put the residents of the camps in danger in case of fire.

      As EU citizens we cannot allow that innocent people are being locked behind the walls, in the middle of nowhere. Being a refugee is not a crime.

      Seeking asylum is a human right.

      Democracy and freedom cannot be built with concrete walls.

      Building walls was always the beginning of dark periods in history.

      Crushing walls - is the source of hope, reconciliation and (what is a foundation of European idea) solidarity.

      No more walls in the EU!

      https://secure.avaaz.org/community_petitions/en/notis_mitarachi_the_minister_of_migration_of_greec_eu_build_schools_no

    • La Grèce construit des camps barricadés pour isoler les réfugiés

      L’Union européenne a investi cette année 276 millions d’euros pour la construction de camps de réfugiés sur cinq îles grecques. À #Leros, où un camp de 1 800 places ouvrira bientôt, habitants et ONG s’indignent contre cet édifice barricadé. Le gouvernement assume.

      L’Union européenne a investi cette année 276 millions d’euros pour la construction de camps de réfugiés sur cinq îles grecques. À Leros, où un camp de 1 800 places ouvrira bientôt, habitants et ONG s’indignent contre cet édifice barricadé. Le gouvernement assume.

      Le champ de #conteneurs blancs s’étale sur 63 000 mètres carrés sur une colline inhabitée. Depuis les bateaux de plaisance qui pénètrent dans la baie de Lakki, dans le sud de Leros, on ne voit qu’eux. Ils forment le tout nouveau camp de réfugiés de 1 860 places, interdit d’accès au public, qui doit ouvrir ses portes d’ici à la rentrée sur cette île grecque de 8 000 habitants, qui compte aujourd’hui 75 demandeurs d’asile.

      « Il sera doté de mini-supermarchés, restaurants, laveries, écoles, distributeurs d’argent, terrains de basket », détaille #Filio_Kyprizoglou, sa future directrice. Soit un « village, avec tous les services compris pour les demandeurs d’asile ! », s’emballe-t-elle.

      Mais le « village » sera cerné de hauts murs, puis d’une route périphérique destinée aux patrouilles de police, elle aussi entourée d’un mur surplombé de #barbelés. Depuis sa taverne sur le port de Lakki, Theodoros Kosmopoulou observe avec amertume cette « #nouvelle_prison », dont la construction a démarré en février, sur des terres appartenant à l’État grec.

      Ce nouveau centre barricadé est l’un des cinq camps de réfugiés grecs en construction sur les îles à proximité de la Turquie et ayant connu des arrivées ces dernières années. Ces structures sont financées à hauteur de 276 millions d’euros par l’Union européenne (UE). Si celui de Leros est bien visible dans la baie de Lakki, les centres qui s’élèveront à #Kos, #Samos, #Chios et #Lesbos seront, eux, souvent isolés des villes.

      Ces camps dits éphémères pourront héberger au total 15 000 demandeurs d’asile ou des personnes déboutées. Ils seront tous opérationnels à la fin de l’année, espère la Commission européenne. Celui de Samos, 3 600 places, sera ouvert cet été, suivi de Kos, 2 000 places, et Leros. L’appel d’offres pour la construction des camps de Chios (de 1 800 à 3 000 places) et Lesbos (5 000 places) a été publié en mai.

      Si l’Europe les qualifie de « #centres_de_premier_accueil_multifonctionnels », le ministère grec de l’immigration parle, lui, de « #structures_contrôlées_fermées ». Elles doivent remplacer les anciens camps dits « #hotspots », déjà présents sur ces îles, qui abritent maintenant 9 000 migrants. Souvent surpeuplés depuis leur création en 2016, ils sont décriés pour leurs conditions de vie indignes. Le traitement des demandes d’asile peut y prendre des mois.

      Des compagnies privées pour gérer les camps ?

      Dans ces nouveaux camps, les réfugiés auront une réponse à leur demande dans les cinq jours, assure le ministère grec de l’immigration. Les personnes déboutées seront détenues dans des parties fermées – seulement les hommes seuls - dans l’attente de leur renvoi.

      Un membre d’une organisation d’aide internationale, qui s’exprime anonymement, craint que les procédures de demande d’asile ne soient « expédiées plus rapidement et qu’il y ait plus de rejets ». « Le gouvernement de droite est de plus en plus dur avec les réfugiés », estime-t-il. Athènes, qui compte aujourd’hui quelque 100 000 demandeurs d’asile (chiffre de mai 2021 donné par l’UNHCR), a en effet durci sa politique migratoire durant la pandémie.

      La Grèce vient aussi d’élargir la liste des nationalités pouvant être renvoyées vers le pays voisin. La Turquie est désormais considérée comme un « pays sûr » pour les Syriens, Bangladais, Afghans, Somaliens et Pakistanais.

      (—> voir https://seenthis.net/messages/919682)

      Pour la mise en œuvre de cette #procédure_d’asile, le gouvernement compte sur l’organisation et surtout la #surveillance de ces camps, au regard des plans détaillés que Manos Logothetis, secrétaire général du ministère de l’immigration, déplie fièrement dans son bureau d’Athènes. Chaque centre, cerné de murs, sera divisé en #zones compartimentées pour les mineurs non accompagnés, les familles, etc. Les demandeurs d’asile ne pourront circuler entre ces #espaces_séparés qu’avec une #carte_magnétique « d’identité ».

      "Je doute qu’une organisation de défense des droits humains ou de la société civile soit autorisée à témoigner de ce qui se passe dans ce nouveau camp." (Catharina Kahane, cofondatrice de l’ONG autrichienne Echo100Plus)

      Celle-ci leur permettra également de sortir du camp, en journée uniquement, avertit Manos Logothetis : « S’ils reviennent après la tombée de la #nuit, les réfugiés resteront à l’extérieur jusqu’au lendemain, dans un lieu prévu à cet effet. Ils devront justifier leur retard auprès des autorités du centre. » Les « autorités » présentes à l’ouverture seront l’#UNHCR, les services de santé et de l’asile grec, #Europol, l’#OIM, #Frontex et quelques ONG « bienvenues », affirme le secrétaire général - ce que réfutent les ONG, visiblement sous pression.

      Le gouvernement souhaite néanmoins un changement dans la gestion des camps. « Dans d’autres États, cette fonction est à la charge de compagnies privées […]. Nous y songeons aussi. Dans certains camps grecs, tout a été sous le contrôle de l’OIM et de l’UNHCR […], critique Manos Logothetis. Nous pensons qu’il est temps qu’elles fassent un pas en arrière. Nous devrions diriger ces camps via une compagnie privée, sous l’égide du gouvernement. »

      « Qui va venir dans ces centres ? »

      À Leros, à des centaines de kilomètres au nord-ouest d’Athènes, ces propos inquiètent. « Je doute qu’une organisation de défense des droits humains ou de la société civile soit autorisée à témoigner de ce qui se passe dans ce nouveau camp, dit Catharina Kahane, cofondatrice de l’ONG autrichienne Echo100Plus. Nous n’avons jamais été invités à le visiter. Toutes les ONG enregistrées auprès du gouvernement précédent [de la gauche Syriza jusqu’en 2019 – ndlr] ont dû s’inscrire à nouveau auprès de la nouvelle administration [il y a deux ans - ndlr]. Très peu d’organisations ont réussi, beaucoup ont été rejetées. »

      La municipalité de Leros s’interroge, pour sa part, sur la finalité de ce camp. #Michael_Kolias, maire sans étiquette de l’île, ne croit pas à son caractère « éphémère » vendu aux insulaires. « Les autorités détruisent la nature pour le construire ! », argumente celui-ci. La municipalité a déposé un recours auprès du Conseil d’État pour empêcher son ouverture.

      Ce camp aux allures de centre de détention ravive également de douloureux souvenirs pour les riverains. Leros porte, en effet, le surnom de l’île des damnés. La profonde baie de Lakki a longtemps caché ceux que la Grèce ne voulait pas voir. Sous la junte (1967-1974), ses bâtiments d’architecture italienne sont devenus des prisons pour des milliers de communistes. D’autres édifices néoclassiques ont également été transformés en hôpital psychiatrique, critiqué pour ses mauvais traitements jusque dans les années 1980.

      C’est d’ailleurs dans l’enceinte même de l’hôpital psychiatrique, qui compte toujours quelques patients, qu’a été construit un premier « hotspot » de réfugiés de 860 places, en 2016. Aujourd’hui, 75 demandeurs d’asile syriens et irakiens y sont parqués. Ils s’expriment peu, sous la surveillance permanente des policiers.

      Il n’y a presque plus d’arrivées de migrants de la Turquie depuis deux ans. « Mais qui va donc venir occuper les 1 800 places du nouveau camp ?, interpelle le maire de Leros. Est-ce que les personnes dublinées rejetées d’autres pays de l’UE vont être placées ici ? » Le ministère de l’immigration assure que le nouveau camp n’abritera que les primo-arrivants des côtes turques. Il n’y aura aucun transfert d’une autre région ou pays dans ces centres des îles, dit-il.

      La Turquie, voisin « ennemi »

      Le gouvernement maintient que la capacité importante de ces nouveaux camps se justifie par la « #menace_permanente » d’arrivées massives de migrants de la #Turquie, voisin « ennemi », comme le souligne le secrétaire général Manos Logothetis. « En Grèce, nous avons souffert, elle nous a attaqués en mars 2020 ! », lâche le responsable, en référence à l’annonce de l’ouverture de la frontière gréco-turque par le président turc Erdogan, qui avait alors entraîné l’arrivée de milliers de demandeurs d’asile aux portes de la Grèce.

      Selon l’accord controversé UE-Turquie de 2016, Ankara doit, en échange de 6 milliards d’euros, réintégrer les déboutés de l’asile - pour lesquels la Turquie est jugée « pays sûr »- et empêcher les départs de migrants de ses côtes. « Elle ne collabore pas […]. Il faut utiliser tous les moyens possibles et légaux pour protéger le territoire national ! »,avance Manos Logothetis.

      Pour le gouvernement, cela passe apparemment par la #fortification de sa frontière en vue de dissuader la venue de migrants, notamment dans le nord-est du pays. Deux canons sonores viennent d’être installés sur un nouveau mur en acier, le long de cette lisière terrestre gréco-turque.

      De l’autre côté de cette barrière, la Turquie, qui compte près de quatre millions de réfugiés, n’accepte plus de retours de migrants de Grèce depuis le début de la pandémie. Elle aura « l’obligation de les reprendre », répète fermement Manos Logothetis. Auquel cas de nombreux réfugiés déboutés pourraient rester longtemps prisonniers des nouveaux « villages » de l’UE.

      https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/240621/la-grece-construit-des-camps-barricades-pour-isoler-les-refugies
      #business #HCR #privatisation

    • Grèce : sur l’île de Samos, les migrants découvrent leur nouveau centre aux allures de « prison »

      Sur l’île grecque de Samos, proche de la Turquie, un nouveau camp de réfugiés dit « fermé », isolé et doté d’une structure ultra-sécuritaire vient d’entrer en service. Les quelque 500 demandeurs d’asile qui se trouvaient encore dans l’ancien camp de Vathy ont commencé à y être transférés. Reportage.

      « Camp fermé ? On ne sait pas ce que c’est un camp fermé. C’est une prison ou bien c’est pour les immigrés ? Parce qu’on m’a dit que c’était conçu comme une prison. » Comme ce jeune Malien, assis à côté de ses sacs, les demandeurs d’asile s’interrogent et s’inquiètent, eux qui s’apprêtent à quitter le camp de Vathy et ses airs de bidonville pour le nouveau camp de l’île de Samos et sa réputation de prison.

      Au Cameroun, Paulette tenait un commerce de pièces détachées qui l’amenait à voyager à Dubaï voire en Chine. Ce nouveau camp, elle s’y résigne à contrecœur. « Ça me fend le cœur, dit-elle. Moi je n’ai pas le choix. Si j’avais le choix, je ne pourrais pas accepter d’aller là-bas. C’est parce que je n’ai pas le choix, je suis obligée de partir. »

      Comme elle s’est sentie obligée aussi de quitter le Cameroun. « À Buea, il y a la guerre, la guerre politique, on tue les gens, on kidnappe les gens. Moi, j’ai perdu ma mère, j’ai perdu mon père, j’ai perdu mon enfant, j’ai perdu ma petite sœur, mon grand frère… Donc je me suis retrouvée seule. Et moi je ne savais pas. S’il fallait le refaire, moi je préfèrerais mourir dans mon pays que de venir ici. Oui. Parce que ces gens-ci, ils n’ont pas de cœur. »

      Alors que les transferts entre les deux camps démarrent tout juste, la pelleteuse est déjà prête. La destruction de l’ancien camp de Vathy est prévue pour la fin de semaine.

      https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/35176/grece--sur-lile-de-samos-les-migrants-decouvrent-leur-nouveau-centre-a

    • Grèce : ouverture de deux nouveaux camps fermés pour migrants

      La Grèce a ouvert samedi deux nouveaux camps fermés pour demandeurs d’asile dans les îles de #Leros et de #Kos, un modèle critiqué par des défenseurs des droits humains pour les contrôle stricts qui y sont imposés.

      La Grèce a ouvert samedi deux nouveaux camps fermés pour demandeurs d’asile dans les îles de Leros et de Kos, un modèle critiqué par des défenseurs des droits humains pour les contrôle stricts qui y sont imposés.

      « Une nouvelle ère commence », a déclaré le ministre des Migrations Notis Mitarachi en annonçant l’ouverture de ces deux nouveaux camps.

      Les nouveaux camps sécurisés, entourés de barbelés, pourvus de caméras de surveillance et de portails magnétiques où les demandeurs d’asile doivent présenter des badges électroniques et leurs empreintes digitales pour pouvoir entrer, sont fermés la nuit.

      Les demandeurs d’asile peuvent sortir dans la journée mais doivent impérativement rentrer le soir.

      Ces nouvelles installations que la Grèce s’est engagée à mettre en place grâce des fonds de l’Union européennes, sont appelées à remplacer les anciens camps sordides où s’entassaient des milliers de migrants dans des conditions insalubres.

      « Nous libérons nos îles du problème des migrants et de ses conséquences », a ajouté le ministre. « Les images des années 2015-2019 appartiennent désormais au passé ».

      Le premier camp sécurisé de ce type a été ouvert en septembre sur l’île de Samos, après le démantèlement du vieux camp, véritable bidonville, qui avait abrité près de 7.000 demandeurs d’asile au plus fort de la crise migratoire entre 2015 et 1016.

      La Grèce avait été la principale porte d’entrée par laquelle plus d’un million de demandeurs d’asile, principalement des Syriens, des Irakiens et des Afghans, étaient arrivés en Europe en 2015.

      Le situation en Afghanistan a fait redouter l’arrivée d’une nouvelle vague de migrants.

      Les nouveaux camps à accès contrôlé sont dotés de commodités comme l’eau courante, les toilettes et de meilleures conditions de sécurité qui étaient absentes dans les anciens camps.

      La Grèce a prévu d’ouvrir deux autres nouveaux camps sécurisés sur les îles de Lesbos et de Chios.

      La contribution de l’UE pour la mise en place de ces nouvelles installations s’élève à 276 millions d’euros (326 millions de dollars).

      Des ONG se sont toutefois inquiétées de l’isolement des personnes qui y sont hebergées, estimant que leur liberté de mouvement ne devrait pas être soumise à des restrictions aussi sévères.

      Selon des estimations de l’ONU, quelque 96.000 réfugiés et demandeurs d’asile se trouvent sur le territoire grec.

      https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/271121/grece-ouverture-de-deux-nouveaux-camps-fermes-pour-migrants

  • Christophe Kerrero, le directeur de cabinet de Jean-Michel Blanquer siège à l’Ifrap
    http://www.cafepedagogique.net/lexpresso/Pages/2020/05/11052020Article637247793272742622.aspx

    Peut-on servir l’Etat et un organisme qui souhaite l’affaiblir ? Directeur de cabinet du ministre de l’éducation nationale, Christophe Kerrero est aussi membre du conseil scientifique de l’IFRAP, un lobby libéral très actif politiquement. Alors que l’Ifrap milite pour la réduction des effectifs de fonctionnaires, il est paradoxal de voir à la tête du ministère qui emploie la moitié des fonctionnaires d’Etat un responsable de cet organisme.
     
    Le "conseil scientifique" de l’Ifrap est une des instances dirigeantes de ce lobby. C Kerrero y siège aux cotés de Bernard Zimmern, fondateur de l’IFRAP, ancien membre du Club de l’Horloge et de plusieurs professeurs de l’ESCP Business School.
     
    Fondé par B Zimmern et JY Le Gallou, ancien président du FN, l’Ifrap s’est fait connaitre par son lobbying auprès des politiques, notamment des parlementaires, en faveur de thèses libérales. L’Ifrap a été déclaré d’utilité publique par F Fillon en 2009. Et en 2017, l’institut a soutenu le candidat, malheureux, des Républicains.

     
    En 2011, Franck Ramus, aujourd’hui membre du conseil scientifique de l’Education nationale, avait écrit que qualifier l’iFRAP « d’institut de recherche » est inadéquat car aucun des chercheurs examinés n’est détenteur d’un doctorat ou ni "n’a jamais publié le moindre article dans une revue internationale d’économie".
     
    Inspecteur général depuis 2012, ancien conseiller de Luc Chatel, Christophe Kerrero a été nommé directeur de cabinet de JM Blanquer en 2017. Après l’Institut Montaigne, proche du ministre, voici un second lobby ancré très a droite qui semble exercer son influence rue de Grenelle.

    #Ifrap #ministère #éducation

    • Depuis le terrible assassinat de Samuel Paty le 16 octobre dernier, le Ministre Blanquer a persévéré dans son discours ancré à l’extrême-droite et visant à fracturer la société et à pointer du doigt les organisations qui luttent contre les discriminations.
      https://visa-isa.org/fr/node/145968
      Dès 2017, le ministre Blanquer nommait Christophe Kerrero directeur de son cabinet. Kerrero est aussi membre du conseil scientifique de l’Ifrap, un lobby libéral qui milite pour la réduction des effectifs de fonctionnaires. L’Ifrap illustre bien les liens entre le libéralisme et l’extrême-droite puisque parmi ses fondateurs on trouve Jean-Yves Le Gallou, membre du Front national puis du MNR et co-fondateur club de l’Horloge, mais aussi Bernard Zimmern qui est également un ancien membre du Club de l’Horloge. Le club de l’Horloge est un cercle de pensée qui revendique le mariage entre le libéralisme de la droite traditionnelle avec le nationalisme de l’extrême-droite.

    • La démission du recteur de Paris charge Amélie Oudéa-Castéra
      https://www.cafepedagogique.net/2024/02/02/la-demission-du-recteur-de-paris-charge-amelie-oudea-castera

      Un recteur attaché à la mixité sociale ?

      Le programme parisien d’affectation en seconde #Affelnet, modifié par C Kerrero, suivi par Pauline Charousset et Julien Grenet (PSE), a effectivement amélioré la mixité sociale et scolaire dans les lycées parisiens. “Des établissements réputés comme Chaptal, Charlemagne ou Condorcet ont vu leur composition sociale et scolaire se rapprocher sensiblement de la moyenne, tandis qu’à l’inverse, des lycées historiquement moins cotés comme Henri Bergson, Edgard Quinet ou Voltaire ont connu une augmentation spectaculaire de leur IPS moyen et du niveau scolaire des admis“, écrivent-ils en bilan de cette action. Globalement l’indice de mixité sociale s’est amélioré dans les lycées publics.

      Mais ce programme connait aussi ses limites. Cette réforme d’Affelnet ne touche ni les #formations_élitistes (sections internationales, parcours artistiques etc.), ni les lycées publics les plus ségrégués ni les établissements privés. La ségrégation sociale et scolaire avait même augmenté en 2022 dans les lycées des beaux quartiers comme J de Sailly, Buffon, JB Say ou J de la Fontaine. Et puis il y a le privé. “Le fait que les lycées privés ne soient pas intégrés à la procédure Affelnet constitue sans doute l’obstacle le plus sérieux au renforcement de la mixité sociale et scolaire dans les lycées de la capitale“, écrivent Pauline Charousset et Julien Grenet. “Alors que les lycées publics accueillaient en moyenne 50% d’élèves de catégories sociales très favorisées à la rentrée 2022, cette proportion atteignait 78% dans les #lycées_privés. Ainsi la réforme d’Affelnet a amélioré la mixité de la plupart des lycéens du public parisien. Mais elle a préservé le séparatisme social des plus privilégiés qui se replient dans des établissements cotés ou dans le privé.

      Les PPPE, programme social ou de prolétarisation des enseignants ?

      Quant à l’ouverture des classes de PPPE elle suit des directives fixées sous JM Blanquer et prolongées par la suite. Dans ces classes, l’Education nationale pèse sur la formation des futurs enseignants en s’imposant à l’université. Sous prétexte d’ouverture sociale, il s’agit surtout d’avoir des enseignants formés aux devoirs des fonctionnaires davantage qu’aux libertés universitaires.

      Un recteur au passé chargé

      En mettant en avant cette dimension sociale, C. Kerrero alimente son image et son destin. Il a d’autant plus besoin de le faire que ses liens avec la droite la plus traditionaliste sont connus. Membre du “conseil scientifique” de l’IFRAP, un groupe de pression ultra conservateur, proche de SOS Education, il a dirigé durant trois ans le cabinet de JM Blanquer. Il y a violemment combattu les syndicats, les enseignants grévistes et a pris part aux croisades menées par JM Blanquer. Il avait aussi été membre du cabinet de Luc Chatel.

      En 2016, C Kerrero dénonçait “la décomposition pédagogiste” de l’École. Dans son ouvrage publié en 2017, Ecole, démocratie et société, C. Kerrero défend une École traditionnelle. Il dénonce “un certain pédagogisme qui privilégie des techniques d’enseignement formelles plutôt que le fond… Cela revient à saper l’autorité légitime du maitre… Le temps de l’éducation, et l’on entend par là celui qui correspond aujourd’hui à la scolarité obligatoire, doit donc être sanctuarisé“. Dans cet ouvrage il n’est pas question de mixité sociale mais de faire nation.

      Sa démission
      https://seenthis.net/messages/1039768
      https://seenthis.net/messages/1039924

      #école #ségrégation #ségrégation_scolaire #Paris #classes_préparatoires #enseignement_privé #groupes_de_niveau #ségrégation_sociale

  • Greece to extend border fence over migration surge

    Greece will extend its fence on the border with Turkey, a government source said Sunday (8 March), amid continuing efforts by migrants to break through in a surge enabled by Ankara.

    “We have decided to immediately extend the fence in three different areas,” the government source told AFP, adding that the new sections, to the south of the area now under pressure, would cover around 36 kilometres (22 miles).

    The current stretch of fence will also be upgraded, the official added.

    Tens of thousands of asylum-seekers have been trying to break through the land border from Turkey for a week after Ankara announced it would no longer prevent people from trying to cross into the European Union.

    A police source Sunday told AFP that riot police reinforcements from around the country had been sent to the border in recent days, in addition to drones and police dogs.

    There have been numerous exchanges of tear gas and stones between Greek riot police and migrants.

    Turkey has also bombarded Greek forces with tear gas at regular intervals, and Athens has accused Turkish police of handing out wire cutters to migrants to help them break through the border fence.

    The Greek government over the weekend also released footage which it said showed a Turkish armoured vehicle assisting efforts to bring down the fence.

    “Parts of the fence have been removed, both by the (Turkish) vehicle and with wire cutters, but they are constantly being repaired,” local police unionist Elias Akidis told Skai TV.

    Turkey has accused Greek border guards of using undue force against the migrants, injuring many and killing at least five.

    The government in Athens has consistently dismissed the claim as lies.

    https://www.euractiv.com/section/justice-home-affairs/news/greece-to-extend-border-fence-over-migration-surge
    #murs #Evros #barrières_frontalières #Grèce #Turquie #frontières #extension
    ping @fil @reka @albertocampiphoto

    • je suis tombé sur une vidéo YT d’un compte néo-nazi montrant une attaque du mur de l’Evros par des migrants. L’attaque y est présentée comme soutenue par la police turque, ce qui est vraiment beaucoup solliciter les images… les migrants sont noyés sous les lacrymos.

    • Evros: Greece to extend the fence on the borders with Turkey to 40km

      Greece will extend the fence to its Evros borders with Turkey to 40 km, government spokesman Stelios Petsas said on Friday morning. The additional fence will be installed in “sensitive” areas preferred for illegal entries by migrants and refugees.

      The fence currently covers 12.5 km.

      Speaking to ANT1 TV, Petsas noted that at the moment the most vulnerable border point is in the south.

      The current 12.5 km fence of land access points is installed north and south of Kastanies customs office, where thousands of migrants and refugees have amassed.

      According to the daily Kathimerini, the 40 kilometers new fence is planned to be partially installed either in areas where the Evros waters are low or in areas where the landscape favors illegla paasage.

      Sections such as Ormenio, Gardens, Feres, Tychero, Soufli, Dikaia, Dilofo, Marassia, Nea Vyssa and elsewhere have been designated as the areas where the new fence will installed by the Greek Army and support by the police.

      According to a report by daily Elftheros Typos, Greece’s Plan B aside from the fence extension is the presence of about 4,000 police officers and soldiers in parallel patrols, helicopters, unmanned aircraft, message broadcasting, cameras for audio-video.

      A Greek Army – Greek Police “joint operations center” is to be established in Nea Vryssa.

      According to the daily more than 1,000 soldiers, two commandos squads, 1,500 police and national guards are currently operating in the Evros area.

      Petsas underlined that the Greek government has changed its policy because there is a national security issue at the moment.

      He reiterated the new policy saying that “no one will cross the border.”

      https://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2020/03/06/evros-greece-fence-borders-turkey-extension

    • Video 2 - Violences contre les exilé·es à la frontière gréco-turque

      Depuis le début du mois de mars 2020, des milliers d’exilé·es, incité·es voire poussé·es par les autorités turques, se sont précipité·es aux frontières terrestres et maritimes entre la Turquie et la Grèce. Ils et elles se sont heurté·es à la violence de la police et de l’armée grecque, ainsi que de groupe fascistes, mobilisés pour leur en interdire le franchissement, la suite : www.gisti.org/spip.php ?article6368

      https://indymotion.fr/videos/watch/e8938a1c-5456-46e8-a0cb-be0806c96051?start=1s

    • Greece shields Evros border with blades wire, 400 new border guards

      Greece is strengthening ifs defense and is preparing for a possible new wave of migrants at its Evros border. A fence of sharp blades wire (concertina wire) and 400 additional border guards are to shield the country for the case Turkey will open its borders again so that migrants can cross into Europe.

      According to daily ethnos (https://www.ethnos.gr/ellada/105936_ohyronetai-o-ebros-frahtis-me-lepidoforo-syrmatoplegma-kai-400-neoi-sy), Ankara has already been holding groups of migrants in warehouses near the border, while the Greek side is methodically being prepared for the possibility of a new attempt for waves of migrants to try to cross again the border.

      “At the bridgeheads of Peplos and Fera, at the land borders after the riverbed is aligned, and in other vulnerable areas along the border, kilometer-long of metal fence with sharp blades wire are being installed, the soil is being cleaned from wild vegetation and clearing of marsh lands.

      The fence in the northern part is being strengthened and expanded, and 11 additional border pylons, each one 50 meters high, will be installed along the river in the near future. Each pylon will be equipped with cameras and modern day and night surveillance systems, with a range of several kilometers and multiple telecommunications capabilities, the daily notes.

      Within the next few months, 400 newly recruited border guards will be on duty and will almost double the deterrent force and enhance the joint patrols of the Army and Police, ethnos adds.

      Big armored military vehicles destined for Libya and confiscated five years ago south of Crete have been made available to the Army in the area, the daily notes.

      One and a half month after the end of the “war without arms” at the Evros border from end of February till the end of March, sporadic movement on the Turkish side of the border has been observed.

      At least four shooting incidents have been reported in the past two weeks, with Turkish jandarmerie to have fired at Greek border guards and members of the Frontex.

      Greece’s security forces are on high alert.

      Just a few days ago, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu reiterated that Ankara’s policy of “open borders” will continue for anyone wishing to cross into Europe.

      Speaking to nationalist Akit TV on Wednesday, Cavusoglu claimed that Greece used “inhumane” behavior towards the migrants who want to cross into the country.

      Also Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu had threatened that the migrants will be allowed to leave Turkey again once the pandemic was over.

      PS It could be a very hot summer, should Turkey attempt to send migrants to Europe by land through Evros and by sea with boats to the Aegean islands and at the same time, deploys a drilling ship off Crete in July, as it claimed a few days ago.

      https://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2020/05/17/greece-shields-evros-border-blades-wire-400-border-guards

      #militarisation_des_frontières

    • Pour la bagatelle de 63 millions d’euro...

      Greece to extend fence on land border with Turkey to deter migrants

      Greece will proceed with plans to extend a cement and barbed-wire fence that it set up in 2012 along its northern border with Turkey to prevent migrants from entering the country, the government said on Monday.

      The conservative government made the decision this year, spokesman Stelios Petsas said, after tens of thousands of asylum seekers tried to enter EU member Greece in late February when Ankara said it would no longer prevent them from doing so.

      Greece, which is at odds with neighbouring Turkey over a range of issues, has been a gateway to Europe for people fleeing conflicts and poverty in the Middle East and beyond, with more than a million passing through the country in 2015-2016.

      The project led by four Greek construction companies will be completed within eight months at an estimated cost of 63 million euros, Petsas told a news briefing.

      The 12.5-kilometre fence was built eight years ago to stop migrants from crossing into Greece. It will be extended in areas indicated by Greek police and the army, Petsas said without elaborating. In March, he said it would be extended to 40 kilometres.

      Tensions between NATO allies Greece and Turkey, who disagree over where their continental shelves begin and end, have recently escalated further over hydrocarbon resources in the eastern Mediterranean region.

      https://kdal610.com/2020/08/24/greece-to-extend-fence-on-land-border-with-turkey-to-deter-migrants

    • Greece to extend fence on land border with Turkey to deter migrants

      Greece will proceed with plans to extend a cement and barbed-wire fence that it set up in 2012 along its northern border with Turkey to prevent migrants from entering the country, the government said on Monday.

      The conservative government made the decision this year, spokesman Stelios Petsas said, after tens of thousands of asylum seekers tried to enter EU member Greece in late February when Ankara said it would no longer prevent them from doing so.

      Greece, which is at odds with neighbouring Turkey over a range of issues, has been a gateway to Europe for people fleeing conflicts and poverty in the Middle East and beyond, with more than a million passing through the country in 2015-2016.

      The project led by four Greek construction companies will be completed within eight months at an estimated cost of 63 million euros, Petsas told a news briefing.

      The 12.5-kilometre fence was built eight years ago to stop migrants from crossing into Greece. It will be extended in areas indicated by Greek police and the army, Petsas said without elaborating. In March, he said it would be extended to 40 kilometres.

      Tensions between NATO allies Greece and Turkey, who disagree over where their continental shelves begin and end, have recently escalated further over hydrocarbon resources in the eastern Mediterranean region.

      https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-greece-turkey-fence/greece-to-extend-fence-on-land-border-with-turkey-to-deter-migrants-idUK

    • Evros land border fence to be ready in eight months

      The construction of a new fence on northeastern Greece’s Evros land border with Turkey will be completed in eight months, according to Citizens’ Protection Minister Michalis Chrysochoidis, speaking in Parliament on Monday.

      The border fence project has a total budget of 62.9 million euros and has been undertaken by a consortium put together by four construction companies.

      It will have a total length of 27 kilometers and eight elevated observatories will be constructed to be used by the Hellenic Army.

      Moreover, the existing fence will be reinforced with a steel railing measuring 4.3 meters in height, instead of the current 3.5 meters.

      Damage to the existing fence during attempts by thousands of migrants to cross into Greece territory from Turkey, as well as bad weather, will be repaired – including a 400-meter stretch that collapsed as a result of flooding.

      https://www.ekathimerini.com/256184/article/ekathimerini/news/evros-land-border-fence-to-be-ready-in-eight-months

    • New Evros fence to be completed by April next year, PM says during on-site inspection

      Construction of a new fence designed to stop undocumented migrants from slipping into Greece along its northeastern border with Turkey, demarcated by the Evros River, is expected to be completed by April next year, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said during a visit at the area of Ferres on Saturday.

      “Building the Evros fence was the least we could do to secure the border and make the people of Evros feel more safe,” Mitsotakis said.

      The 62.9-million-euro steel fence with barbed wire will be five meters high and have a total length of 27 kilometers. Eight elevated observatories will be constructed to be used by the Hellenic Army. The project, which is designed to also serve as anti-flood protection, has been undertaken by a consortium put together by four construction companies.

      During a meeting with local officials, Mitsotakis also confirmed the hiring of 400 guards to patrol the border.

      https://www.ekathimerini.com/258187/article/ekathimerini/news/new-evros-fence-to-be-completed-by-april-next-year-pm-says-during-on-s

    • To Vima: Evros wall will be ready in April, the Min. of Public
      Order said that ’labourers worked in the snow to finish the fence’.
      It also claims drones fly daily over the border - can anyone confirm? Only found older news saying they were to be deployed.

      https://twitter.com/lk2015r/status/1363625427307278340

      –—

      Εβρος : Ο φράκτης, τα drones και ο χιονιάς

      O καινούργιος φράκτης στα σύνορα με μήκος 27 χιλιόμετρα και με 13 χιλιόμετρα ο παλαιός, θα είναι απόλυτα έτοιμος τον Απρίλιο.

      Ούτε το χιόνι, ούτε οι λευκές νύχτες του Φεβρουαρίου, ούτε οι θερμοκρασίες κάτω από το μηδέν εμπόδισαν τα συνεργεία στις εργασίες τους για την κατασκευή του φράκτη στον Έβρο. Όπως μου είπε ο Μιχάλης Χρυσοχοΐδης « μηχανήματα και εργάτες δούλεψαν μέσα στα χιόνια για να ολοκληρώσουν τον φράκτη ». Μου αποκάλυψε μάλιστα ότι ο καινούργιος φράκτης στα σύνορα με μήκος 27 χιλιόμετρα και με 13 χιλιόμετρα ο παλαιός, θα είναι απόλυτα έτοιμος τον Απρίλιο. Και τούτο παρά το γεγονός ότι αυτές τις ημέρες το μόνον που δυσκολεύει τις εργασίες είναι τα πολλά νερά του ποταμού ο οποίος έχει υπερχειλίσει. Ωστόσο τα drones πετούν καθημερινά και συλλέγουν πληροφορίες, οι περιπολίες είναι συνεχείς και τα ηχοβολιστικά μηχανήματα έτοιμα, εάν χρειαστεί να δράσουν.

      https://www.tovima.gr/2021/02/19/opinions/evros-o-fraktis-ta-drones-kai-o-xionias

    • In post-pandemic Europe, migrants will face digital fortress

      As the world begins to travel again, Europe is sending migrants a loud message: Stay away!

      Greek border police are firing bursts of deafening noise from an armored truck over the frontier into Turkey. Mounted on the vehicle, the long-range acoustic device, or “sound cannon,” is the size of a small TV set but can match the volume of a jet engine.

      It’s part of a vast array of physical and experimental new digital barriers being installed and tested during the quiet months of the coronavirus pandemic at the 200-kilometer (125-mile) Greek border with Turkey to stop people entering the European Union illegally.

      A new steel wall, similar to recent construction on the US-Mexico border, blocks commonly-used crossing points along the Evros River that separates the two countries.

      Nearby observation towers are being fitted with long-range cameras, night vision, and multiple sensors. The data will be sent to control centers to flag suspicious movement using artificial intelligence analysis.

      “We will have a clear ‘pre-border’ picture of what’s happening,” Police Maj. Dimonsthenis Kamargios, head of the region’s border guard authority, told the Associated Press.

      The EU has poured 3 billion euros ($3.7 billion) into security tech research following the refugee crisis in 2015-16, when more than 1 million people – many escaping wars in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan – fled to Greece and on to other EU countries.

      The automated surveillance network being built on the Greek-Turkish border is aimed at detecting migrants early and deterring them from crossing, with river and land patrols using searchlights and long-range acoustic devices.

      Key elements of the network will be launched by the end of the year, Kamargios said. “Our task is to prevent migrants from entering the country illegally. We need modern equipment and tools to do that.”

      Researchers at universities around Europe, working with private firms, have developed futuristic surveillance and verification technology, and tested more than a dozen projects at Greek borders.

      AI-powered lie detectors and virtual border-guard interview bots have been piloted, as well as efforts to integrate satellite data with footage from drones on land, air, sea and underwater. Palm scanners record the unique vein pattern in a person’s hand to use as a biometric identifier, and the makers of live camera reconstruction technology promise to erase foliage virtually, exposing people hiding near border areas.

      Testing has also been conducted in Hungary, Latvia and elsewhere along the eastern EU perimeter.

      The more aggressive migration strategy has been advanced by European policymakers over the past five years, funding deals with Mediterranean countries outside the bloc to hold migrants back and transforming the EU border protection agency, Frontex, from a coordination mechanism to a full-fledged multinational security force.

      But regional migration deals have left the EU exposed to political pressure from neighbors.

      Earlier this month, several thousand migrants crossed from Morocco into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta in a single day, prompting Spain to deploy the army. A similar crisis unfolded on the Greek-Turkish border and lasted three weeks last year.

      Greece is pressing the EU to let Frontex patrol outside its territorial waters to stop migrants reaching Lesbos and other Greek islands, the most common route in Europe for illegal crossing in recent years.

      Armed with new tech tools, European law enforcement authorities are leaning further outside borders.

      Not all the surveillance programs being tested will be included in the new detection system, but human rights groups say the emerging technology will make it even harder for refugees fleeing wars and extreme hardship to find safety.

      Patrick Breyer, a European lawmaker from Germany, has taken an EU research authority to court, demanding that details of the AI-powered lie detection program be made public.

      “What we are seeing at the borders, and in treating foreign nationals generally, is that it’s often a testing field for technologies that are later used on Europeans as well. And that’s why everybody should care, in their own self-interest,” Breyer of the German Pirates Party told the AP.

      He urged authorities to allow broad oversight of border surveillance methods to review ethical concerns and prevent the sale of the technology through private partners to authoritarian regimes outside the EU.

      Ella Jakubowska, of the digital rights group EDRi, argued that EU officials were adopting “techno-solutionism” to sideline moral considerations in dealing with the complex issue of migration.

      “It is deeply troubling that, time and again, EU funds are poured into expensive technologies which are used in ways that criminalize, experiment with and dehumanize people on the move,” she said.

      Migration flows have slowed in many parts of Europe during the pandemic, interrupting an increase recorded over years. In Greece, for example, the number of arrivals dropped from nearly 75,000 in 2019 to 15,700 in 2020, a 78% decrease.

      But the pressure is sure to return. Between 2000 and 2020, the world’s migrant population rose by more than 80% to reach 272 million, according to United Nations data, fast outpacing international population growth.

      At the Greek border village of Poros, the breakfast discussion at a cafe was about the recent crisis on the Spanish-Moroccan border.

      Many of the houses in the area are abandoned and in a gradual state of collapse, and life is adjusting to that reality.

      Cows use the steel wall as a barrier for the wind and rest nearby.

      Panagiotis Kyrgiannis, a Poros resident, says the wall and other preventive measures have brought migrant crossings to a dead stop.

      “We are used to seeing them cross over and come through the village in groups of 80 or a 100,” he said. “We were not afraid. … They don’t want to settle here. All of this that’s happening around us is not about us.”

      https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1162084/in-post-pandemic-europe-migrants-will-face-digital-fortress

      #pandémie #covid-19 #coronavirus #barrière_digitale #mur_digital #pré-mur #technologie #complexe_militaro-industriel #AI #IA #intelligence_artificielle #détecteurs_de_mensonge #satellite #biométrie #Hongrie #Lettonie #Frontex #surveillance #privatisation #techno-solutionism #déshumanisation

    • Greece: EU Commission upgrades border surveillance – and criticises it at the same time

      The Greek border police are using a sound cannon and drones on a new border fence, and the EU Commission expresses its „concern“ about this. However, it is itself funding several similar research projects, including a semi-autonomous drone with stealth features for „effective surveillance of borders and migration flows“

      On Monday, the Associated Press (AP) news agency had reported (https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-europe-migration-technology-health-c23251bec65ba45205a0851fab07e) that police in Greece plan to deploy a long-range sound cannon at the external border with Turkey in the future. The device, mounted on a police tank, makes a deafening noise with the volume of a jet engine. It is part of a system of steel walls that is being installed and tested along with drones on the 200-kilometre border with Turkey for migration defence. The vehicle, made by the Canadian manufacturer #Streit, comes from a series of seized „#Typhoons“ (https://defencereview.gr/mrap-vehicles-hellenic-police) that were to be illegally exported to Libya via Dubai (https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/streit-libya-un-1.3711776).

      After the AP report about the sound cannons went viral, Commission spokesman Adalbert Jahnz had clarified that it was not an EU project (https://twitter.com/Ad4EU/status/1400010786064437248).

      Yesterday, AP reported again on this (https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-europe-migration-government-and-politics-2cec83ae0d8544a719a885a). According to Jahnz, the Commission has „noted with concern“ the installation of the technology and is requesting information on its use. Methods used in EU member states would have to comply with European fundamental rights, including the „right to dignity“. The right to asylum and the principle of non-refoulement in states where refugees face persecution must also be respected.

      The Commission’s outrage is anything but credible. After Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan used refugees to storm the Turkish-Greek border in March 2020, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen travelled to the border river Evros before the start of a Frontex mission and declared her solidarity there. Literally, the former German Defence Minister said (https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_20_380): „I thank Greece for being our European shield“.

      Commission funds research on border surveillance

      Also yesterday, the Commission-funded #ROBORDER project (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/740593/de) said in a statement (https://roborder.eu/2021/06/03/new-collaboration-with-borderuas-project) that it is now cooperating with the #BorderUAS project (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/883272/de). Both are about the use of drones. The police in Greece are involved and the applications are to be tested there.

      The acronym ROBORDER stands for „#Autonomous_Swarm_of_Heterogeneous_Robots_for_Border_Surveillance“. It works with drones on water, on land and in the air. In Greece, for example, a drone is to be used to detect „unauthorised sea border crossing“ (https://roborder.eu/the-project/demonstrators), as well as an aircraft from the #Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft with a surveillance test platform, #radar systems and thermal imaging cameras.

      All drones in ROBORDER are supposed to be able to operate in swarms. They are controlled via a mobile control centre from the German company #Elettronica. This „#Multipurpose_Mission_Support_Vehicle“ (#MUROS) is used to collect all recorded data (https://www.elettronica.de/de/produkte/oeffentliche-sicherheit-integration). The project, which will soon come to an end, will cost around nine million euros, of which the EU Commission will pay the largest share.

      High-resolution cameras on lighter-than-air drones

      The acronym BorderUAS means „#Semi-Autonomous_Border_Surveillance_Platform_with_a_High-Resolution_Multi-Sensor_Surveillance_Payload“. Border authorities, police forces as well as companies and institutes mainly from Eastern Europe and Greece want to use it to investigate so-called lighter-than-air drones.

      These can be small zeppelins or balloons that are propelled by alternative propulsion systems and have a multitude of sensors and cameras. The participating company #HiperSfera (https://hipersfera.hr) from Croatia markets such systems for border surveillance, for example.

      The project aims to prevent migration on the so-called Eastern Mediterranean route, the Western Balkan route and across the EU’s eastern external land border. According to the project description, these account for 58 percent of all detected irregular border crossings. BorderUAS ends in 2023, and the technology will be tested by police forces in Greece, Ukraine and Belarus until then. The Commission is funding the entire budget with around seven million euros.

      Civilian and military drone research

      For border surveillance, the EU Defence Agency and the Commission are funding numerous civilian and military drone projects in Greece. These include the €35 million #OCEAN2020 project (https://ocean2020.eu), which conducts research on the integration of drones and unmanned submarines into fleet formations. #ARESIBO, which costs around seven million euros (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/833805/de) and on which the Greek, Portuguese and Romanian Ministries of Defence and the #NATO Research Centre are working on drone technology, will end in 2022. With another five million euros, the Commission is supporting an „#Information_Exchange_for_Command_Control_and_Coordination_Systems_at_the_Borders“ (#ANDROMEDA) (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/833881/de). This also involves drones used by navies, coast guards and the police forces of the member states.

      In #CAMELOT (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/740736/de) are flying various drones from Israel and Portugal, and as in ROBORDER, a single ground station is to be used for this purpose. A scenario „illegal activity, illegal immigration persons“ is being tested with various surveillance equipment at the Evros river. The Commission is contributing eight million euros of the total sum. This year, results from #FOLDOUT (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/214861/factsheet/de) will also be tried out on the Greek-Turkish border river Evros, involving satellites, high-flying platforms and drones with technology for „through-foliage detection“ (https://foldout.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Flyer_v1_Foldout_EN_v2_Print.pdf) in the „outermost regions of the EU„. The Commission is allocating eight million euros for this as well.

      Also with EU funding, predominantly Greek partners, including drone manufacturers #ALTUS and #Intracom_Defense, as well as the Air Force, are developing a drone under the acronym LOTUS with „autonomy functions“ and stealth features for surveillance. The project manager promotes the system as suitable for „effective surveillance of borders and migration flows“ (https://www.intracomdefense.com/ide-leader-in-european-defense-programs).

      https://digit.site36.net/2021/06/04/greece-eu-commission-upgrades-border-surveillance-and-criticises-it-at

      #drones #Canada #complexe_militaro-industriel

    • La Grèce construit un mur sur sa frontière avec la Turquie

      22 août - 13h : La Grèce a annoncé vendredi avoir achevé une clôture de 40 km à sa frontière avec la Turquie et mis en place un nouveau système de #surveillance pour empêcher d’éventuels demandeurs d’asile d’essayer d’atteindre l’Europe après la prise de contrôle de l’Afghanistan par les talibans.

      La crise afghane a créé « des possibilités de flux de migrants », a déclaré le ministre de la Protection des citoyens Michalis Chrysochoidis après s’être rendu vendredi dans la région d’Evros avec le ministre de la Défense et le chef des forces armées. « Nous ne pouvons pas attendre passivement l’impact possible », a-t-il affirmé. « Nos frontières resteront sûres et inviolables. »

      https://www.courrierdesbalkans.fr/refugies-balkans-les-dernieres-infos

  • Le 20 décembre 2019, je reçois, par mail, ce message de "pub" d’une formation qui nous est proposée dans notre #université (#Université_Grenoble_Alpes) :

    L’#UGA nous informe de la mise en place à la formation #communication_assertive et bienveillante dans les relations professionnelles .

    Deux sessions au choix sont ouvertes :

    Soit les 29 & 30 juin 2020
    soit les 03 & 04 décembre 2020

    La date limite d’inscription est : j - 15 avant la date de la formation

    La formation est placée sous le thème " #efficacité professionnelle ".

    Objectifs de la formation :

    A l’issue de la formation, les participants seront capables de :

    – Décoder leur comportement et celui des autres dans les relations professionnelles

    – Communiquer avec #tact et #diplomatie

    – Etablir des #attitudes_positives au quotidien

    – Développer des relations professionnelles harmonieuses et efficaces

    Programme :

    1. Prendre conscience de son comportement

    – Identifier les raisons de ne pas de comprendre

    – Comprendre l’image que l’on renvoie à ses interlocuteurs

    – Prendre conscience de l’image de sa communication écrite

    – Identifier son comportement dans les situations relationnelles

    2. Savoir dialoguer avec tact et souplesse

    – Pratiquer l’écoute active et savoir utiliser les 5 types de questions

    – Utiliser les 3 techniques de reformulation

    – Améliorer sa communication non verbale

    – Etre congruent entre son langage verbal et non-verbal

    – Ajuster sa communication à son interlocuteur

    – Choisir son vocabulaire pour communiquer avec précision et tact à l’écrit

    3. Savoir soutenir une position claire et diplomate

    – Etre assertif : utiliser la méthode DESC

    – Exprimer son avis sans juger l’autre

    – Formuler des critiques constructives

    – Faire face aux critiques

    – Formuler un refus sans provoquer de tension

    – Faire et accepter des compliments dans le monde professionnel

    Durée : 2 jours

    Public : Toute personne souhaitant optimiser sa communication afin d’améliorer ses relations professionnelles

    –--------

    Sur ce, je réponds à une collègue, en colère :

    Plus de moyens, moins de compétition, moins de darwinisme social résoudrait la moitié des problèmes sans formations à la communication bienveillante !

    –-> je fais évidemment allusion aux propos tenus par #Antoine_Petit (à la tête du #CNRS) qui a appelé à une loi « darwinienne » pour le financement de la #recherche. « Une loi ambitieuse, inégalitaire — oui, inégalitaire, une loi vertueuse et darwinienne, qui encourage les scientifiques, équipes, laboratoires, établissements les plus performants à l’échelle internationale, une loi qui mobilise les énergies. »
    https://seenthis.net/messages/815560

    #formation #bienveillance #communication_bienveillante #travail #relations_professionnelles #inégalités #performance #compétition #attitude_positive #harmonie #hypocrisie #image #tact #souplesse #écoute_active #techniques_de_reformulation #communication #communication_non_verbale #langage_verbal #langage_non-verbal #vocabulaire #méthode_DESC #critiques_constructives

    • Et parallèlement à l’#Université d’#Amsterdam... la week of #work_stress !

      Message from the works council

      Dear all,

      The week of 11th of November is the week of work stress. It is the week where the university brings out its petting puppies, makes you bikeblend your smoothie, and has you beat a few djembe tunes to let go of your #stress. Some might argue that it is a nice gesture of the employer, but we of the FNV in the OR find it a slap in the face of the employee. It adds insult to injury.

      This waste of money again shows that the faculty is not taking work pressure seriously. We said it last year, and we said it again this year: “stop monkeying around and actually deal with the causes of work pressure”. Work pressure is not that difficult. There are either too many tasks for the number of people, or there are not enough people for the number of tasks. So the answers are also simple. If an organization is financially healthy, you hire more people. If the organization is financially unhealthy, you are stuck with reducing the tasks. There is no rocket science involved.

      Yet as you can see in this week of work stress, the faculty seems keen to responsiblize the individual for the work pressure he or she is experiencing. This leads to offers such as #time_management (we just received an email that there are two spots still available), #yoga, and #mindfulness. But these are just bandaids ("lapjes voor het bloeden" as the Dutch expression goes) that obscure the structural faults of the system. There are too many administration processes. There is too much institutional distrust that you are not doing your work correctly leading to for instance to ’#jaargesprekken' being moments where you defend yourself instead of discussing how you would like to grow as a professional. There are criteria for promotion that seem to change during the process. We have to accept budget cuts in our teaching programme while at the same time the faculty wants to start new programmes that make new claims on budget and staff.

      Recently, our support staff at EOSS was confronted with a report that was framed as research about the high work pressure they are experiencing. Yet it actually placed all the blame at the staff of EOSS and suggested their so-called inefficient work and non-conformance to instructions from management was the cause of their work pressure. Another signal that work pressure is not taking seriously by management and the individual employee is again responsibilized for his or her work’ stress’. The Works Council will keep pushing the Faculty and the UvA to make meaningful structural changes that address work pressure instead of blaming the victim. Namaste.

      XXXX (FNV Works Council Representative)

      Reçu via email d’une amie/collègue qui y travaille...

    • Et petit exemple d’#Angleterre (#UK):

      Universities have driven their workers into the ground. That’s why I’m striking

      Our eight days of action are in response to a marketised sector that has prioritised profit over the welfare of staff and students.

      Workers in higher education across the UK are on strike. One of the reasons we are striking is because of the poor conditions we face today – which were, in large part, decided by the 2010 election.

      Nearly a decade ago, the Tory and Lib Dem coalition government conspired to transform higher education, unleashing the forces of marketisation. The physical and emotional landscape of the university has fundamentally changed in the intervening years. The devastation wrought cannot be overstated. Contrary to justifications for reform by Tories and Lib Dems, the contemporary university is not sustainable, and reforms have reduced standards and entrenched inequality.

      In public discussion of the – shameful – tripling of student fees and mounting student debt, the changes to university funding that this brought about are often neglected. The 2010 coalition government replaced the old system of block grants with money paid per student per course, and lifted the cap on the number of student places available. Now, universities compete for funding by competing for students, with each other, and between their own departments.

      Most remarkably, this was done in the name of improving standards. It has left its scars on the physical landscape of universities, no longer able to fit in the number of students they have enrolled, and the springing up of new buildings, luxury accommodation and gyms all designed to attract prospective students. If the modern university has a soundtrack, it would be constant drilling for the construction of new, shiny buildings, temples to “student satisfaction”.

      Marketisation does not mean the immediate insertion of the profit motive into previously public goods. It means, at least in the first instance, making those public goods profitable. Students are in more and more debt, workers are paid less and less, while private companies and developers are given access to a potentially lucrative market.

      What does this mean for workers in higher education? They face a proliferation of perverse incentives: instead of research and teaching, lecturers are expected to take part in a perpetual recruitment drive. Instead of supporting students emotionally and academically, staff in student services, often facing cuts and “restructures”, are expected to act as the vanguard of “employability”.

      With more students, permanent staff are expected to take on more and more work. Temporary staff are expected to paper over structural gaps, providing a “flexible” workforce who are hired and fired in response to fluctuations in student numbers. Research shows that part-time staff and those on hourly rates are only paid for 55% of their work. Staff in general work, on average, the equivalent of two days unpaid per week. Given these low wages, many temporary staff are effectively paid less than the minimum wage.

      The expectations placed on staff cannot be met. It is not possible to produce the kind of work expected in the amount of time we are paid to do it. New methods of evaluation and student metrics create even more work, and overlook the key fact that asking students if they enjoyed a course reveals very little about whether that course was well-taught. Student services are stretched to breaking point, and instead of releasing the tension by, for example, increasing funding, services are instead outsourced, with trained counsellors replaced by generic “advisers” and, even, apps.

      When we say that the expectations on staff cannot be met, we mean that it is not possible to live under these conditions. There is nothing else left to squeeze. The doctrines of flexibility and precarity are in no way specific to higher education. They are paradigmatic of contemporary working practices. This means the struggle against precarity is not just a struggle for better conditions for academic workers – it is the insistence that a better life is possible for all of us. The disruption to teaching that comes from workers’ poor health, unnecessary pressure and precarity is much, much greater than the disruption caused by the cancellation of classes.

      Despite the deprivations of the picket line – early mornings, hours standing in the cold, lost pay – I have rarely seen colleagues so happy. The lifting of the neoliberal impulse to be constantly working, every interaction a chance for self-development, every minute a chance to get something done, has profound effects. Reclawing time from management’s extractive demands gives us a glimpse of how the university could be.

      The University and College Union dispute, which runs until next Wednesday, is about pay and pensions for some 43,000 members of the union, all working in academia. Even if we won on both counts, our futures, and the future of higher education, will not be secure without a fundamental rethink of the way in which universities are funded in the UK.

      We cannot afford to merely attempt to reform a marketised sector, based around fees. Almost 10 years on from the seismic higher education reforms of 2010, we face another general election. The only party now offering a rethink of fees and funding, rather than the shuffling of proverbial deckchairs, is Labour.

      We must not let students’ interests be pitted against workers. They are one and the same. So far during the strike, universities have bribed students to cross the picket line with gimmicks like free breakfast and free parking. They have attempted to ban solidarity action by students with a sustained campaign of misinformation, including the suggestion that joining picket lines is illegal and that students must cross them because they are members of NUS and not UCU. We are warned that students might feel anxious about the strike and that by picketing our workplaces we are letting them down.

      In these moments, management attempts to call upon a sense of duty we might feel towards our students. But as workers in higher education, we should not be content to merely provide a better version of the kind of education-as-commodity that management insists on.

      With our strike and the election, we have a chance to start fundamentally re-imagining the university. It’s the only thing that might save it.

      https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/28/universities-workers-strike-marketised-sector-money-staff
      #grève

    • Et hop une autre offre de formation arrivée ce jour dans ma boîte mail :

      "Mieux vivre ses émotions dans les relations professionnelles"

      Public : Tout collaborateur qui souhaite mieux vivre ses émotions afin de favoriser ses relations professionnelles.

      C’est classé dans la rubrique « #efficacité professionnelle »

      Et voici un aperçu du contenu :

      #intelligence_émotionnelle #émotions #réactions_émotionnelles_parasites #dysfonctionnement #mots #visage #corps #couleurs #saveurs #musique #timbres_psychologiques #élastiques_émotionnels #alexitymie #vague_des_émotions #pensée_positive #mots_déclencheurs #respiration

    • 10.12.2021, nouveau message des services centraux de notre université (qui semble de plus en plus inspirée !!) :

      Programme de #pause_active destiné à l’encadrement

      A l’attention des personnels en situation d’encadrement (cadres administratifs et techniques, responsables pédagogiques, responsables scientifiques)

      Madame, Monsieur,

      Suite à une expérimentation menée au printemps dernier et dans le cadre de l’accord-cadre Qualité de Vie au Travail de l’UGA, le SUAPS et la Direction de l’environnement social (DGDRH-DES) vous proposent des séances de Pause Active en visioconférence.

      Ces temps courts, de 20/25 mns vous permettront de :

      Bien débuter la journée

      Apprendre à apprivoiser le stress, prévenir le stress chronique

      Lutter contre l’épuisement professionnel

      – *Prévenir les troubles musculo-squelettiques

      Être plus efficace et concentré

      Ils se déroulent les jeudis à 8h et 8h30, jusqu’au 9 décembre pour le 1er semestre

      Puis au 2nd semestre, à partir du 13 janvier

      Pas d’inscription préalable, juste une connexion !

      Comment se déroulent les séances ?

      Séance à 8h00 : #Sophrologie :

      Prendre conscience des différentes parties de son corps

      Se libérer des tensions physiques, mentales et émotionnelles

      Respirer, se poser, prendre un temps pour soi

      Activer les capacités utiles pour sa journée de travail

      –-

      Séance à 8h30 : Réveil musculaire en douceur :

      Étirements légers, respiration, focus sur l’ensemble du dos pour dénouer les tensions.

    • J’avais oublié d’ajouté cela sur ce fil :

      Arrive aujourd’hui, 21.10.2020, un message de mon #université (#Université_Grenoble_Alpes) qui nous invite à s’inscrire à une #formation...
      La formation s’intitule :
      Gestion du #stress pour les enseignant(e)s

      La troisième annonce en ce genre, les deux précédentes étaient des formations qui portaient sur :

      1. Gestion de #conflits (formation mise sous le thème « #efficacité_professionnelle »)

      2. Mieux vivre ses #émotions dans ses #relations_professionnelles (aussi mise sous le même thème : #efficacité_professionnelle)

      Comme dit ma collègue @mobileborders :
      « De la #responsabilisation_personnelle des #failles_structurelles... »

      https://seenthis.net/messages/882135

    • 07.01.2022... on commence une nouvelle année avec de nouvelles formations. Cette fois-ci c’est... le #co-développement !

      Formation Co-Développement Enseignants/Enseignants-chercheurs

      –-> le plus drôle dans tout ça, c’est la "#méthode_Payette_et_Champagne" (ou "paillettes et champagne" si vous préférez).

      « une méthode subtile et exigeante alors qu’elle paraît simple en apparence » dit A. Payette
      https://esprit-co-developpement.fr

      Pas trop bien réussi à en savoir plus après une brève recherche sur la toile (si il y a des motivé·es...)

      J’en ai fait un mini-tweet :

      https://twitter.com/CDB_77/status/1479350762329280514

    • Avril 2022... Dans notre institut, comme partout ailleurs dans les facs françaises (et au-delà), on souffre d’un déficit STRUCTUREL en personnel enseignant... Pour info, notre institut « tourne » avec environ 40% des heures d’enseignement qui sont données par du personnel précaire, dont des #vacataires... Outre ce problème STRUCTUREL, il y a aussi la difficulté à pouvoir embaucher lesdits vacataires... deux difficultés avant tout :
      – iels sont payé·es, à l’heure, en dessous du smic, donc iels préfèrent faire autre chose dans la vie...
      – iels ne peuvent être embauché·es que si iels ont un contrat par ailleurs (donc, chômeur·es, circulez, on ne peut pas vous donner du taf... qui est payé moins du smic, mais bon...)

      Résultat des courses : c’est une galère pas possible pour les responsables de formations à la fac de trouver des enseignant·es pour les cours présents dans la maquette...

      Donc : problème structurel...

      Or, voici ce que notre direction nous propose, une réunion pour discuter de cette problématique « vacataires » (très bien) :

      "Lors du dernier conseil d’UFR, la problématique des vacataires d’enseignement (recrutement, constitution des dossiers, paiement) a été abordée et il a été émis le souhait d’organiser un temps de travail à ce sujet.

      ... et voici la phrase suivante :

      Ce sujet faisant également écho à celui lié à la qualité de vie au travail, il semble primordial d’y travailler dessus de manière prioritaire."

      –-> le lien avec la fameuse #QVT... ce n’est pas un problème de QVT, c’est un problème de #politique_universitaire, bordel ! Non, on ne va pas résoudre cela avec des séances de sophrologie ou avec des pauses actives !

    • « En termes d’émotions, là c’est moins évident : on parle de plus en plus de burnout, mais à la force physique s’est substituée une injonction à la force mentale, à prendre sur soi. Et si ça ne va pas, on va faire en sorte que les individus s’adaptent au monde du travail, mais on ne va jamais faire en sorte que le monde du travail s’adapte au #corps et à l’esprit des individus. On va donner des sièges ergonomiques, des ergosquelettes, on va créer des formations gestes et postures, on va embaucher des psychologues pour que les gens tiennent au travail, sans s’interroger sur ce qui initialement a causé ces souffrances. »

      https://www.frustrationmagazine.fr/entretien-rivoal

      #adaptation #résilience #force_mentale #émotions

      signalé ici :
      https://seenthis.net/messages/969443

    • Le business du bonheur

      La psychologie positive, conceptualisée aux États-Unis à la fin des années 1990, s’est imposée en Europe par le biais du management d’entreprise. Enquête sur une discipline contestée, proche du développement personnel.

      https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/099779-000-A/le-business-du-bonheur

      voir aussi le trailer sur twitter :
      https://twitter.com/ARTEfr/status/1567845341793320962

      signalé sur seenthis par @olivier_aubert :
      https://seenthis.net/messages/971462

  • Liste des personnes en situation migratoire mortes à la frontière dite « haute » (#Mongenèvre, #Val_Susa, #Col_de_l'Echelle, #Bardonecchia, #Oulx, #Briançon) entre la #France et l’Italie ces dernières années.

    Selon les informations collectées par Eva Ottavy et Lydie Arbogast, qui ont fait une mission de collecte d’info en octobre 2019 dans le cadre du projet de La Cimade « Personnes décédées et disparues aux frontières françaises » :

    5 cas de personnes décédées à la frontière franco-italienne haute ont été recensés dont 3 côté français (Matthew Blessing le 07/05/2018, #Mamadi_Condé le 18/05/2018 et Tamimou Derman le 07/02/2019) et 2 côté italien (Mohamed Fofana le 25/05/2018 et une personne non identifiée le 07/09/2019)

    Mise en garde des deux personnes qui ont fait un rapport intermédiaire de leur mission :

    Il est possible que ce chiffre soit en deçà de la réalité d’une part (difficultés pour mener de recherches dans la zone, possibilité que des personnes aient disparu sans laisser de trace…) et qu’un certain nombre de décès et/ou disparition ont pu être prévenus grâce aux maraudes

    Elles mentionnent notamment le cas d’une personne (nom mentionné dans le rapport, mais je ne le mets pas ici) :
    « Suite à l’appel de deux proches, inquiets d’être sans nouvelle de leur ami depuis le 15/11/2019 (date du dernier contact, lors duquel la personne disparue se trouvait à Oulx en Italie), la disparition de XXX a été signalée au procureur de la république à Gap (France) par l’’association Tous Migrants et au Comando del carabinieri à Oulx (Italie) par une militante italienne. Les recherches menées par les équipes de secours italiennes n’ont rien donné. A ce stade, aucune information n’a été transmise sur les suites données à ce signalement. »

    #frontières #mourir_aux_frontières_alpines #morts #décès #migrations #asile #réfugiés #Alpes #montagne #mourir_aux_frontières #violent_borders #frontière_sud-alpine

    Je vais ajouter à cette métaliste sur les morts à la frontière sud-alpine :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/758646

    • Sur les morts du printemps 2018...

      Tre morti in tre settimane, scoperto il cadavere di un altro migrante in Val di Susa

      Ancora un corpo che spunta tra le neve sporca e i detriti all’Orrido del Frejus.

      Le peggiori previsioni fatte nell’inverno si stanno rivelando fondate. Si scioglie la neve, si contano i cadaveri. È il terzo morto in poche settimane causato dalla militarizzazione della frontiera operata dalle forze dell’ordine in questi ultimi mesi, da quando la chiusura del passaggio di Ventimiglia ha spostato i flussi verso i valichi alpini. Archiviati i dissapori causati dall’invasione di campo della gendermerie a Bardonecchia, ormai dai due lati della frontiera è caccia al nero, con gendarmerie e polizia unite per respingere in Italia i migranti che vogliono arrivare in Francia. Anche a costo di ucciderli. Vittime collaterali dello spettacolo della frontiera, messo su per compiacere l’Unione europea e qualche cinico politico.

      Prima Blessing, una ragazza di 21 anni morta sulle sponde della Durance. Gli amici che erano con lei hanno raccontato che la gendarmeria francese l’ha inseguita di notte per i sentieri scoscesi fino a quando non è caduta nel torrente. Il suo corpo è stato ritrovato a valle qualche giorno dopo. Mamadou, un signore senegalese, invece è morto di sfinimento in montagna. Aveva provato a passare come i suoi coetanei con la pelle bianca in autobus ma la polizia l’ha rispedito indietro, con il nipote ha dovuto inerpicarsi sulla montagna per sfuggire alla battuta di caccia che i gendarmi lanciano ogni giorno e ogni notte, con visori notturni e motoslitte. Da aprile ad aiutare gli agenti sono arrivati i fascisti di Generation identitiare, che con droni ed elicotteri hanno messo in scena un blocco delle frontiere prima che un corteo di trecento valsusini li ridicolizzasse passando la frontiera con qualche decina di migranti. Sotto l’occhio benevole delle autorità francesi e col tifo dei fascisti nostrani, ora continuano di tanto in tanto le loro azioni spot, respingendo i migranti, obbligandoli a percorsi sempre più impervi e a rischiare la vita fino a perderla.

      Durante l’inverno tanti abitanti delle valli frontaliere hanno setacciato i sentieri ed accolto le persone in transito, dando informazioni, soccorrendo chi era in difficoltà anche a costo di denunce e processi. Tre di loro, Bastien, Théo ed Eleonora, sono ancora sottoposti a controllo giudiziario in Francia dopo un passaggio di diverse settimane nel carcere di Marsiglia, in attesa de loro processo che comincerà il 31 maggio. Chi quei sentieri li conosce aveva avvertito: la frontiera uccide. Voleva essere una denuncia, a fare qualcosa prima che fosse troppo tardi. Si è trasformata in una previsione che in questi giorni si è fatta dolorosa realtà.

      Dai due lati della frontiera è stato lanciato un appuntamento per una risposta collettiva, domenica 27 maggio alle 12:30 a Claviere, al rifugio autogestito chez jesus. Non vogliamo contare i corpi, non vogliamo che la Val di susa si trasformi in un cimitero a cielo aperto. Restiamo umani.

      https://www.infoaut.org/migranti/tre-morti-in-tre-settimane-scoperto-il-cadavere-di-un-altro-migrante-in-val

    • #Mohamed_Ali_Bouhamdi , citoyen tunisien, 37 ans.

      Septembre 2019, #Bardonecchia, corps d’un homme retrouvé dans la rivière #Dora :
      https://seenthis.net/messages/800830

      –-> Selon une personne avec qui j’ai discuté et qui habite dans la région et qui s’intéresse à la question, Mohamed ne serait pas décédé parce qu’il est tombé dans la rivière, mais il a probablement été tué ailleurs (crime raciste ? règlement de comptes ?) et son cadavre jeté dans la rivière.

    • Une 5ème victime de la frontière dans les Alpes (passage Bardonneccia/Briançon col de l’Echelle).

      Hier le corps d’un homme a été retrouvé dans le fleuve Dora, près de Bardonnecchia. C’est la cinquième personne tentant de traverser cette frontière, au niveau du col de l’échelle, qui est retrouvé décédée.

      « Ces dernières années tous les moyens ont été mis en place pour que ce genre de chose arrive : militaire en poste dans les forts autrefois abandonnés, gendarmes, police, douane, police en civils, laisser-passer pour les fascistes de génération identitaire venus épauler la flicaille. Les frontières se sont fermées pour les hommes et les femmes non-blanches.
      Les compagnon.n.e.s anarchistes subissent là-haut une répression féroce, les militant.e.s solidaires sont harcelé.e.s.

      All Cops Are Borders
      Burn the borders »

      https://www.facebook.com/collectifmigrants13/posts/2085425978430142?__xts__[0]=68.ARC3SUc6HicLfWSZMxbdmmf_CxCNvhE5BUP-usMmqYF

    • 15.02.2020

      Un groupe de migrants « disparus » récupérés grâce à un dispositif de secours...

      Montgenèvre : les Italiens déploient un important dispositif pour secourir des migrants

      Un groupe de migrants s’est perdu dans la montagne, samedi 15 février, en tentant de traverser la frontière franco-italienne, entre Claviere et Montgenèvre.

      Selon la presse transalpine, ces migrants portés disparus ont été retrouvés et récupérés à la mi-journée sur le sol français alors qu’un important dispositif de recherche avait été déclenché en Italie, dans la Val Susa : sapeurs-pompiers et bénévoles de la Croix-Rouge au sol appuyés dans les airs par l’hélicoptère Dragon pour inspecter les secteurs les plus hauts.

      https://www.ledauphine.com/faits-divers-justice/2020/02/16/montgenevre-les-italiens-deploient-un-important-dispositif-pour-secourir

    • Juin 2021, disparition d’un Soudanais :

      Une enquête pour « disparition inquiétante » a été ouverte vendredi après plus de 48 heures de recherches infructueuses près de Briançon (Hautes-Alpes) pour retrouver un migrant soudanais qui arrivait d’Italie, a annoncé le parquet de Gap.

      Il faisait partie d’un groupe de quatre « jeunes hommes » partis dimanche du village italien d’Oulx pour passer la frontière, a expliqué Didier Fassin, sociologue français présent à Briançon pour aider les migrants et mener des travaux de recherche. C’est lui qui a alerté les secours.

      https://seenthis.net/messages/922630

      Les personnes solidaires à Briançon espèrent qu’il soit en vie :

      Nous avons l’espoir qu’elle a poursuivie sa route car elle n’avait pas de téléphone et donc pas de moyen de se signaler.

    • 06.02.2022, commémor’action des mortEs aux frontières à #Briançon, #La_Vachette :

      La Vachette, Hautes-Alpes, 6 février 2022 : Commémoration des migrant.e.s mort.e.s à la frontière entre l’Italie et la France suite à l’appel collectif à mobilisations dans plusieurs pays à l’occasion de la journée mondiale de lutte contre le régime de mort aux frontières et pour exiger la vérité, la justice et la réparation pour les victimes de la migration et leurs familles.


      https://hanslucas.com/jbenard/photo/52306
      photos de #Julien_Benard

    • Confine italo-francese: una frontiera dove si continua a morire. Appello alle autorità (11.02.2022)

      Le recenti morti di Fathallah Balafhail, 31enne di origine marocchina, trovato senza vita nei primi giorni di gennaio non lontano da Modane, in Francia, Ullah Rezwan Sheyzad, quindicenne proveniente dall’Afghanistan, e della persona deceduta a Latte, la cui identità non può essere accertata a causa delle modalità del decesso, testimoniano con forza la necessità di un cambio di rotta nella gestione dei confini. Le associazioni si appellano alle autorità francesi, italiane e locali attraverso un documento che denuncia la realtà della situazione al confine italo-francese.

      Questi episodi dimostrano chiaramente che malgrado l’aumento dei controlli, la volontà di portare a termine il progetto migratorio spinge le persone a individuare nuove rotte migratorie, a discapito della propria sicurezza, trovando anche la morte.

      Quanto accade nelle aree di frontiera, incluse le recenti morti, è secondo le associazioni firmatarie effetto collaterale di precise scelte politiche adottate tanto a livello locale e nazionale quanto a livello europeo. È necessario ed urgente un cambio di approccio al sistema di gestione delle frontiere interne ed esterne europee che faccia della tutela dei diritti fondamentali e del diritto di asilo il principio giuridico intorno a cui ripensare le politiche migratorie.

      Alle frontiere vengono lesi il diritto di asilo, anche di minori e soggetti vulnerabili, e altri diritti fondamentali quali il diritto alla salute e quello a poter avere accesso ad una anche minima forma di accoglienza così da evitare gravi forme di emarginazione. Viene inoltre leso il diritto alla verità nel momento in cui le persone decedute rimangono senza identità.

      Le organizzazioni firmatarie esprimono il loro sincero ed incondizionato sostegno alle famiglie dei defunti ed invitano le organizzazioni della società civile a promuovere ogni azione utile a contrastare le modifiche del Codice frontiere Schengen e, in senso più ampio, gli ulteriori strumenti previsti dalla Strategia Schengen che siano potenzialmente lesivi dei diritti fondamentali dei cittadini stranieri.

      Chiedono inoltre:

      – alle autorità italiane e francesi di modificare le politiche relative alla gestione delle frontiere interne, con particolare riferimento alle modalità con le quali i controlli di polizia e di frontiera vengono svolti, garantendo il pieno rispetto dei diritti fondamentali e dei principi riconosciuti, in particolare, dalla Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea nonché degli obblighi in materia di protezione internazionale e di non respingimento;

      – alle autorità locali di predisporre servizi adeguati a rispondere alle esigenze e al bisogno di protezione dei migranti presenti nei luoghi di frontiera garantendo in primo luogo accoglienza anche alle persone in transito.

      https://www.asgi.it/primo-piano/confine-italo-francese-una-frontiera-dove-si-continua-a-morire-appello

      –-

      Si ritorna a morire alla frontiera Nord Ovest delle Alpi

      Fathallah Balafhail, 31 anni, è stato trovato morto il 2 gennaio 2022 al Barrage del Freney non lontano da Modane dopo aver cercato di varcare a piedi le Alpi. Veniva dal Marocco, anche lui aveva tentato il giro più lungo passando dalla Turchia e aveva attraversato i Balcani. Aveva vissuto per un certo tempo a Crescentino, paese vicino a Vercelli, poi la partenza, due tentativi falliti di arrivare in Francia, passando da Ventimiglia, e infine l’arrivo in Valle di Susa. L’ultimo suo messaggio alla famiglia risale alle 23.54 dalla stazione di Oulx. Forse aveva trovato un passeur per arrivare dall’altro lato del confine con una macchina. Il tentativo non è coronato da successo e forse matura lì la scelta del cammino in montagna, un percorso lungo e pericoloso, già sperimentato in anni passati e in seguito abbandonato per gli evidenti rischi. Rimane un buco di tre giorni prima del ritrovamento del cadavere. Molti particolari rimangono oscuri e inquietanti. I parenti non hanno avuto accesso ai risultati dell’autopsia. Anche il rimpatrio in Marocco è avvenuto frettolosamente senza attenzione alcuna alla sensibilità della famiglia e ai rituali funerari del paese d’origine. Si rimane invisibili anche dopo la morte. Poche righe su un giornale locale francese hanno liquidato il caso. Nonostante la presenza ricorrente di giornalisti in Alta Valle di Susa, il fatto è rimasto sotto silenzio.

      #Ullah_Rezwan_Sheyzad, 15 anni, afgano: come molti aveva lasciato la sua terra prima della frettolosa ritirata occidentale. Anche per lui, bambino, c’è un cammino lungo che lo porta ad attraversare l’Iran, la Turchia e da lì la scelta, perlopiù effettuata dai giovani che viaggiano soli, di attraversare la Bulgaria, la Serbia, la Croazia e la Slovenia fino ad arrivare in Italia. Come nel caso precedente il percorso scelto è quello più veloce, ma anche viabile solo per giovani o per piccoli gruppi. In meno di un anno arriva in Italia, viene fermato e accolto a Cercivento nella comunità Bosco di Museis, indi riprende il cammino e transita per la Valle di Susa: la meta è il ricongiungimento con la sorella a Parigi. Viene trovato il 26 gennaio 2022, travolto da un treno, lungo le rotaie che collegano Salbertrand a Oulx. Un ragazzo di 15 anni è dunque morto sotto un treno anche se poteva per legge valicare il confine e chiedere legittimamente protezione.

      Non sono la montagna e neppure i treni responsabili di queste morti, ma la frontiera con le sue ramificazioni che non si scollano dalla pelle di chi è catalogato migrante e da chi non può più tornare indietro e non ha terra che lo accolga. Nel 2021 possiamo indicare 15.000 presenze a Oulx; senza contare le persone che sono state registrate più volte dopo i respingimenti in frontiera, possiamo azzardare il passaggio di più di 10.000 persone. Da dicembre dello stesso anno al primo mese di gennaio del nuovo sicuramente i flussi sono diminuiti. I confini si sono moltiplicati anche in relazione a una congiuntura complessa. Le temperature artiche e le tensioni politiche nei Balcani, le difficoltà nell’utilizzo dei trasporti e le norme anticovid hanno sicuramente rallentato momentaneamente l’esodo. Soprattutto hanno reso più difficoltosi gli spostamenti per le famiglie numerose. Tuttavia, la tragedia attuale trova ragione nella militarizzazione alla frontiera e nella caccia all’uomo che si scatena ogni giorno sulle nostre montagne. Una farsa tragica che non ferma i passaggi, ma obbliga le persone in cammino a scegliere vie e strategie che mettono a rischio la vita. I più deboli vengono perlopiù respinti: famiglie numerose, donne gravide, nuclei parentali con bambini piccoli o con anziani. Non bisogna però dimenticare la criticità costantemente presente di un’urgenza vitale delle persone di passare nonostante problemi di salute e vulnerabilità. Nel 2021 abbiamo potuto documentare donne incinte al nono mese, persone con una sola gamba e con stampelle, anziani con problemi sanitari pregressi, donne con neonati che non hanno esitato a sfidare ogni rischio pur di continuare il cammino (si vedano i report precedenti di Medu sulla frontiera alpina del Nord Ovest). È inoltre opportuno ricordare le reiterate volte in cui persone, ancora in attesa di referti e di analisi mediche, sono scappate dagli ospedali pur di non prolungare le permanenze.

      In questo primo mese del 2022, coloro che sono morti di frontiera sono però giovani, che proprio in ragione della loro età e della loro prestanza fisica, credono di poter superare le prove più pericolose. Con il dispiegamento militare sul versante francese e la collaborazione tra polizie di frontiera (accordi europei e tra Italia-Francia), il risultato è stato quello di sponsorizzare l’attività degli smugglers (trafficanti), che in questi mesi sono pericolosamente ricomparsi o, addirittura, hanno occupato la scena. Mentre al rifugio “Fraternità Massi” di Oulx diminuivano le presenze, si consolidava la constatazione di nuove vie che si aprivano. Non si fermano i flussi che, come acque sorgive, quando incontrano sbarramento, deviano e trovano nuovi canali. Così la stazione di servizio di Salbertrand sull’autostrada, a sette chilometri da Oulx, è divenuta luogo per imbarcarsi sui Tir che lì sostano. Con ugual prospettiva, vie impervie sulle montagne a partire da Bardonecchia si sono riaperte. Anche la morte del giovane Ullah racconta come in un luogo geograficamente insensato per passare la frontiera si possa morire. Forse dopo un tentativo fallimentare di trovare un passaggio nel non lontano autogrill di Salbertrand, forse per evitare possibili controlli o forse addirittura nascosto sotto un treno merci, così come è uso fare nei Balcani, è maturato il tragico incidente. Di fatto ci tocca prendere atto che la militarizzazione e il moltiplicarsi degli sbarramenti hanno prodotto illegalità e morte.

      Il caso di Ullah apre un’altra questione, forse non nuova, ma di certo poco analizzata. Scappare dalla guerra gettata addosso e sopravvivere alla guerra che poi l’Europa continua ad effettuare contro chi fugge producono disastri a catena. Abbiamo documentato come con i flussi provenienti dai Balcani dal 2020 ad oggi si siano verificati cambiamenti significativi nella composizione di questi popoli in viaggio: famiglie allargate e presenza plurigenerazionale dei nuclei domestici. Il dato trascurato riguarda però la polverizzazione delle reti familiari e la loro disseminazione in tante nazioni. La disaggregazione di questi nuclei durante il cammino è un elemento significativo e aggiunge apprensione e urgenza nelle persone. Per essere più chiari vale la pena riportare un esempio tra i tanti: un padre con il figlio arriva a Oulx e poi dice a una volontaria “Ti affido il mio bambino di 14 anni affinché possa continuare il viaggio come minore, (consegnandosi alla gendarmerie, n.d.r.), e io ritorno in Grecia a prendere l’altra parte della mia famiglia”. Il viaggio può costare ai singoli e ancor di più alle famiglie cifre ingenti. Per esemplificare 8.000 euro per persona dalla Turchia all’Italia in barcone, 4.000 euro dalla Bosnia a Trieste, dai 20.000 ai 50.000 euro per famiglia dall’Afghanistan al nostro paese (la famiglia di Ullah aveva investito 6.000 euro, dato a reti di trafficanti, per permettere la partenza del figlio anche se ancora tanto giovane). Così alcuni passano prima, altri aspettano e confidano nell’aiuto che proviene da chi è arrivato. A volte sono le donne e i più vulnerabili ad aprire il cammino, altre volte può essere un minore che viene mandato fin dalla terra d’origine a cercare un altro orizzonte di vita. Sempre più spesso raccogliamo memoria di persone che arrivano e che hanno lasciato indietro parenti e non sempre il nucleo che approda alle Alpi è composto solo da consanguinei o affini, ma da aggregazioni solidali. Chi parte ha il peso e la responsabilità di una famiglia e non può fermarsi: è un’Odissea senza che si sappia se davvero esista in qualche luogo una Itaca. Così si muore, invisibili al mondo, sotto le ruote di un treno o scivolando in un lago montano.

      Molti sono i minori non accompagnati che scelgono di non presentarsi alla Paf (Polices aux frontieres) con la conseguente protezione umanitaria che a loro spetta per legge e decidono di affrontare la traversata in modo clandestino pur di non perdere l’ausilio dei compagni di viaggio. L’esperienza insegna che non si deve rimanere mai soli. Quando i minori vengono “catturati” in montagna dalla gendarmerie, il respingimento è prassi. Non v’è spazio né volontà per accertamenti. La situazione si complica ancora, quando, così come abbiamo potuto documentare, il minore, nel porto italiano di entrata, viene indotto dalla polizia con maniere minacciose, a sottoscrivere la sua maggiore età, nonostante i suoi documenti provino il contrario. Il caso è stato vagliato anche dallo sportello legale della diaconia valdese in Oulx.

      Non è da sottovalutare il problema dei green pass e delle vaccinazioni. Istituzioni ed anche ONG spesso non affrontano con abbastanza decisione la questione. La mancanza di attestati che dimostrino il vaccino rende complicati i trasferimenti e, soprattutto, induce le persone in cammino ad accelerare il passo, accettando qualsiasi costo o rischio, pur di non rischiare di rimanere intrappolati e bloccati in tempi di attesa, vuoti quanto indefiniti. Rispetto al problema sostanziale dell’essere senza vaccino, tristemente s’afferma la prassi delle vite diseguali, anche quando in gioco non c’è solo la salute del “migrante” ma quella della collettività. Non ci dimentichiamo quando l’Italia era in fascia rossa e ogni assembramento era vietato per legge mentre in un container presso la stazione di Oulx di circa 18 metri quadrati si accalcavano più di 30 persone. Nessuno ha mai pensato di intervenire o di trovare soluzioni. Poi le persone tornavano al rifugio con rischi di contagio per tutti. Oggi vaccini e documentazione relativa sono una necessità inderogabile. Già solo il fatto che si obblighi a livello nazionale alla vaccinazione e ce ne si dimentichi per coloro che sono in cammino è indicativo di quanto con la categoria migrante pensiamo a “non persone”.

      In questo specchio di frontiera –e la valle di Susa ripropone logiche che si moltiplicano dal Mediterraneo al deserto, dai Balcani alla Libia,-scopriamo quanto valgono gli enunciati sui diritti umani, qui a casa nostra. Il reiterarsi di casi tragici lascia senza parole: arriva notizia di altra persona morta carbonizzata a seguito di folgorazione sul tetto di un treno a Ventimiglia: un’altra vittima che si aggiunge a quelle che hanno insanguinato la frontiera del Nord Ovest (https://www.ansa.it/liguria/notizie/2022/02/01/migrante-muore-folgorato-su-un-treno-per-la-francia_a16cb44f-ba45-4e7f-bff0-811; https://www.avvenire.it/attualita/pagine/migrante-muore-folgorato-su-treno-per-la-francia ).

      Medici per i Diritti umani:

      Chiede alle istituzioni e a tutti gli attori presenti in frontiera di intervenire affinché vengano rispettati i diritti umani delle persone in transito e garantita la loro incolumità e sicurezza.

      Auspica una collaborazione allargata per il monitoraggio dei diritti umani in frontiera.

      Denuncia che la condizione dei minori non accompagnati è affrontata non in base alla legge e alle convenzioni internazionali europee ma spesso con prassi tollerate che le violano.

      Chiede che i vaccini e i green pass siano garantiti alle persone migranti. Le istituzioni e tutti gli attori presenti sul territorio devono occuparsi della vaccinazione. La mancanza di questa non deve essere un’altra frontiera.

      https://mediciperidirittiumani.org/si-ritorna-a-morire-alla-frontiera-nord-ovest-delle-alpi

      –—

      Ritorno sulla rotta alpina, dove il confine continua a uccidere

      Al confine tra Italia e Francia parte l’ultima tappa, la più dura, di un viaggio iniziato migliaia di chilometri prima e che spesso si chiude in tragedia. Come a Oulx dove, nelle ultime settimane, sono morte due persone nel tentativo di attraversare la frontiera. Ci torniamo insieme a Christian Elia per capire come sono cambiate le cose dopo un anno dalla nostra ultima visita.

      Fathallah aveva 31 anni, veniva dal Marocco. Ullah era afghano, aveva 15 anni. Sono morti di frontiera, al confine tra Italia e Francia.

      Il corpo di Balafhail è stato ritrovato il 2 febbraio scorso, al Barrage del Freney, nei pressi di Modane, in Francia. Un volo dal Marocco alla Turchia, che non richiede visti, per affrontare la rotta balcanica. Per un periodo, in questo viaggio che ti lascia scegliere solo l’inizio, si era anche fermato in Italia, in provincia di Vercelli, per tirare il fiato. Un sms alla famiglia, il 30 gennaio alle 23.54 dalla stazione di Oulx, è il suo ultimo segnale di vita. Poi il silenzio, il tentativo di passare a piedi le montagne, la morte di freddo.

      Ullah era ancora un bambino, ma con un’età adulta e feroce, costruita in frontiera. Iran, Turchia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croazia e Slovenia prima di giungere in Italia, un viaggio lungo più di un anno, per raggiungere Parigi, dove vive sua sorella. È stato trovato il 26 gennaio, sui binari della linea ferroviaria tra Salbertrand e Oulx.

      Un anno fa Open Migration ha raccontato quella frontiere, le vite che la abitano, migranti e volontari che tentano di rendere umano l’inevitabile, di fronte a un discorso istituzionale che continua a negare quella che non è un’emergenza, ma resta una ferita dei sistemi democratici.

      https://twitter.com/MEDUonlus/status/1489615389172674562

      “Non sono la montagna e neppure i treni responsabili di queste morti, ma la frontiera con le sue ramificazioni che non si scollano dalla pelle di chi è catalogato migrante e da chi non può più tornare indietro e non ha terra che lo accolga. Nel 2021 possiamo indicare 15.000 presenze a Oulx; senza contare le persone che sono state registrate più volte dopo i respingimenti in frontiera, possiamo azzardare il passaggio di più di 10.000 persone. Da dicembre dello stesso anno al primo mese di gennaio del nuovo sicuramente i flussi sono diminuiti. I confini si sono moltiplicati anche in relazione a una congiuntura complessa. Le temperature artiche e le tensioni politiche nei Balcani, le difficoltà nell’utilizzo dei trasporti e le norme anti-covid hanno sicuramente rallentato momentaneamente l’esodo. Soprattutto hanno reso più difficoltosi gli spostamenti per le famiglie numerose. Tuttavia, la tragedia attuale trova ragione nella militarizzazione alla frontiera e nella caccia all’uomo che si scatena ogni giorno sulle nostre montagne. Una farsa tragica che non ferma i passaggi, ma obbliga le persone in cammino a scegliere vie e strategie che mettono a rischio la vita. I più deboli vengono perlopiù respinti: famiglie numerose, donne gravide, nuclei parentali con bambini piccoli o con anziani”, racconta l’ultimo rapporto di MEDU (Medici per i Diritti Umani): https://mediciperidirittiumani.org/si-ritorna-a-morire-alla-frontiera-nord-ovest-delle-alpi.

      Un sistema che offende nella sua inutile ferocia. Mentre ovunque, dalla Libia alla Turchia, si sommergono di denaro istituzioni compromesse per motivi molto differenti, che non rispettano i diritti umani, mentre si definiscono ‘paesi sicuri’ Afghanistan e Siria, riprendendo a espellere le persone verso la guerra, non si fa nulla per rendere meno pericolose rotte sempre più costose, sempre più pericolose.

      A Oulx convive una piccola comunità di persone che non lo accettano, connessi con altre realtà solidali della regione, e dell’altro versante della frontiera. Persone con storie differenti, che vengono dall’area antagonista, come dal mondo del volontariato cattolico, ma di fronte al loro impegno quotidiano c’è un silenzio assordante delle istituzioni e un atteggiamento sempre più duro di criminalizzazione della solidarietà.

      Non dimentichiamo mai che si parla di persone, siano essi volontari o migranti, che non hanno mai commesso alcun reato. Sono uomini e donne, vecchi e bambini in viaggio e in fuga. E volontari che portano loro aiuto, ristoro, scarpe per la neve e mappe per non farli smarrire e, di inverno, morire di freddo.

      “Abbiamo documentato come con i flussi provenienti dai Balcani dal 2020 ad oggi si siano verificati cambiamenti significativi nella composizione di questi popoli in viaggio: famiglie allargate e presenza plurigenerazionale dei nuclei domestici. Il dato trascurato riguarda però la polverizzazione delle reti familiari e la loro disseminazione in tante nazioni. La disaggregazione di questi nuclei durante il cammino è un elemento significativo e aggiunge apprensione e urgenza nelle persone. Per essere più chiari vale la pena riportare un esempio tra i tanti: un padre con il figlio arriva a Oulx e poi dice a una volontaria “Ti affido il mio bambino di 14 anni affinché possa continuare il viaggio come minore, (consegnandosi alla gendarmerie, n.d.r.), e io ritorno in Grecia a prendere l’altra parte della mia famiglia” – denuncia MEDU – Il viaggio può costare ai singoli e ancor di più alle famiglie cifre ingenti. Per esemplificare 8.000 euro per persona dalla Turchia all’Italia in barcone, 4.000 euro dalla Bosnia a Trieste, dai 20.000 ai 50.000 euro per famiglia dall’Afghanistan al nostro paese (la famiglia di Ullah aveva investito 6.000 euro, dato a reti di trafficanti, per permettere la partenza del figlio anche se ancora tanto giovane). Così alcuni passano prima, altri aspettano e confidano nell’aiuto che proviene da chi è arrivato. A volte sono le donne e i più vulnerabili ad aprire il cammino, altre volte può essere un minore che viene mandato fin dalla terra d’origine a cercare un altro orizzonte di vita. Sempre più spesso raccogliamo memoria di persone che arrivano e che hanno lasciato indietro parenti e non sempre il nucleo che approda alle Alpi è composto solo da consanguinei o affini, ma da aggregazioni solidali. Chi parte ha il peso e la responsabilità di una famiglia e non può fermarsi: è un’Odissea senza che si sappia se davvero esista in qualche luogo una Itaca. Così si muore, invisibili al mondo, sotto le ruote di un treno o scivolando in un lago montano”.

      Una ferocia che sta segnando generazioni intere, a volte nate e cresciute sulle frontiere. “Figli che ormai conoscono più il cammino che la terra d’origine, una costruzione di umanità e di emozioni itinerante, che conoscono un’altra geografia, che non si limita agli stati nazionali”, raccontava a OM Piero Gorza, antropologo, in una breve pausa nel suo moto perpetuo tra la stazione di Oulx e il Rifugio Massi, o la Casa Cantoniera occupata, sgomberata con violenza, ma che ha dato un letto, un tetto e un pasto caldo a tanti Fatallah e Ullah. “E Oulx, di base, sta a guardare, senza eccessi di rifiuto o di accoglienza. Le persone passano, non si fermano. Portano con loro le relazioni del cammino, con quelle continuano per la loro meta, con la fretta di chi ha impegnato tutto, compresa la rete parentale, per quel cammino.”

      Un’indifferenza che non è solo di Oulx, che non riguarda solo imprenditori del turismo della zona che non vogliono avere lo stigma della ‘Lampedusa delle Alpi’, ma che riguarda tutti noi, come società civile, a Oulx e ovunque. Perché nel 2022 si muore di freddo e di frontiera, come i migranti di Pietro Germi nel film Il cammino della speranza, del 1950, solo che quei migranti erano italiani, ma avevano la stessa fame di futuro di Fathallah e Ullah.

      https://openmigration.org/analisi/ritorno-sulla-rotta-alpina-dove-il-confine-continua-a-uccidere

    • 31.05.2023 :
      NB : Attention : selon les dernières nouvelles reçues oralement par mes contacts à la frontière, personne ne serait décédé. Le corps n’a jamais été trouvé, malgré les recherches. Probablement le migrant qui a signalé le cadavre n’a vu que des habits.
      TRAGEDIA, MIGRANTE MUORE SULLE MONTAGNE TRA LA VALSUSA E LA FRANCIA, ALTRI 9 RECUPERATI DAI SOCCORRITORI
      https://seenthis.net/messages/1004806

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      http://therevelator.org/trump-border-wall-10000-species

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      The ongoing refugee crisis in Europe has seen many countries rush to construct border security fencing to divert or control the flow of people. This follows a trend of border fence construction across Eurasia during the post-9/11 era. This development has gone largely unnoticed by conservation biologists during an era in which, ironically, transboundary cooperation has emerged as a conservation paradigm. These fences represent a major threat to wildlife because they can cause mortality, obstruct access to seasonally important resources, and reduce effective population size. We summarise the extent of the issue and propose concrete mitigation measures.

      http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002483
      #faune #Europe #Europe_centrale #Europe_de_l'Est #cartographie #visualisation

    • Rewriting biological history: Trump border wall puts wildlife at risk

      Mexican conservationists are alarmed over Trump’s wall, with the loss of connectivity threatening already stressed bison, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, bears and other animals.
      About one-third of the border, roughly 700 miles, already has fencing; President Trump has been pushing a controversial plan to fence the remainder.
      A wall running the entire nearly 2,000-mile frontier from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, conservationists warn, would be catastrophic for borderland ecosystems and many wildlife species, undoing years of environmental cooperation between the two countries to protect animals that must move freely or die.
      The wall is currently a key bargaining chip, and a sticking point, in ongoing immigration legislation negotiations taking place this week in Congress. Also expected this week: a federal court ruling on whether the administration can legally waive environmental laws to expedite border wall construction.


      https://news.mongabay.com/2018/02/rewriting-biological-history-trump-border-wall-puts-wildlife-at-risk
      #bisons

    • A Land Divided

      The national debate about border security doesn’t often dwell on the natural environment, but hundreds of miles of public lands, including six national parks, sit along the U.S.-Mexico border. What will happen to these lands — and the wildlife and plants they protect — if a wall or additional fences and barriers are built along the frontier?


      https://www.npca.org/articles/1770-a-land-divided
      #parcs_nationaux

    • R ULES C OMMITTEE P RINT 115–66 T EXT OF THE H OUSE A MENDMENT TO THE S ENATE A MENDMENT TO H.R. 1625

      US spending bill requires “an analysis, following consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, of the environmental impacts, including on wildlife, of the construction and placement of physical barriers” (p 677)

      http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20180319/BILLS-115SAHR1625-RCP115-66.pdf
      Extrait partagé par Reece Jones sur twitter
      https://twitter.com/reecejhawaii/status/977304504700780544

    • Activists Vow Fight as Congress Funds Portions of Border Wall

      Last week Congress voted to appropriate some monies to build new fortifications along the United States–Mexico border, but border activists in the Rio Grande Valley say the fight against President Donald Trump’s border wall is far from over.

      The nearly $1.6 billion in border wall funding included in the omnibus spending bill that Trump signed Friday provides for the construction of some 33 miles of new walls, all in Texas’s ecologically important Rio Grande Valley. Those walls will tear through communities, farms and ranchland, historic sites, and thousands of acres of protected wildlife habitat, while creating flooding risks on both sides of the border. But far from admitting defeat, border activists have already begun mapping out next steps to pressure Congress to slow down or even halt the wall’s construction.

      https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/activists-vow-fight-congress-funds-portions-border-wall

    • State attorney general, environmental group to appeal decision on Trump’s border wall

      A ruling by a San Diego federal judge allowing construction of President Donald Trump’s border wall to go ahead will be appealed by two entities that opposed it, including the state Attorney General.

      Both the Center for Biological Diversity and Attorney General Xavier Becerra filed formal notices of appeal on Monday seeking to reverse a decision in February from U.S District Court Judge Gonzalo Curiel. The judge ruled that the Trump administration did not abuse its discretion in waiving environmental laws in its rush to begin border wall projects along the southwest border.

      The center had said after the ruling it would appeal, and Becerra also hinted the state would seek appellate court review at the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

      The notices declare an intent to appeal. They do not outline arguments to be made on appeal or why each group believe that Curiel got it wrong.

      In a prepared statement Becerra said, “When we said that a medieval wall along the U.S.-Mexico border does not belong in the 21st century, we meant it. There are environmental and public health laws in place, and we continue to believe that the Trump Administration is violating those laws. We will not stand idly by. We are committed to protecting our people, our values and our economy from federal overreach.”

      The lawsuits challenged a law that allowed the federal government not to comply with environmental and other laws and regulations when building border security projects. They argued the law was outdated and Congress never intended for it to be an open-ended waiver for all border projects, and contended it violated constitutional provisions of separation of powers and states’ rights.

      In his decision Curiel said both that the law was constitutional and it gave the Department of Homeland Security wide latitude over border security.

      Justice Department spokesman Devin O’Malley said in response to the Curiel ruling that the administration was pleased DHS “can continue this important work vital to our nation’s interest.”

      “Border security is paramount to stemming the flow of illegal immigration that contributes to rising violent crime and to the drug crisis, and undermines national security,” O’Malley said.

      http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/public-safety/sd-me-border-appeal-20180409-story.html

    • Les murs n’arrêtent pas que les humains

      Des États-Unis à la Malaisie, en passant par Israël ou la Hongrie, les hommes construisent de multiples murs pour contraindre les déplacements de nos semblables. N’oublions pas, explique l’auteur de cette tribune, que nous ne sommes pas les seuls à habiter la Terre et donc à pâtir de ces barrières.

      La #forêt_de_Bialowieza a quelque chose de mythique et de sacré. Âgée de plus de 8.000 ans, elle est la dernière forêt primaire d’Europe. S’étalant sur 150.000 hectares entre la Pologne et la Biélorussie, inaccessible aux visiteurs sans guide assermenté, elle constitue un sanctuaire d’espèces témoignant de la richesse des mondes anciens. Le bison d’Europe y vit encore de manière naturelle, côtoyant élans, cerfs, loups, lynx, etc.

      En 1981, à l’époque du rideau de fer, l’URSS a décidé de clôturer la frontière entre la Pologne et la Biélorussie, coupant à travers cette forêt et séparant en deux la dernière population de bisons d’Europe (environ 500 individus de part et d’autre). Cette clôture est symboliquement forte, car elle témoigne de la coupure existentielle (« ontologique », diraient les philosophes) que les humains se sont imposée vis-à-vis des autres êtres vivants. Ces derniers semblent ne pas exister à nos yeux.

      Mais cette séparation est plus que symbolique, elle est concrète. Les murs dressés par l’espèce humaine représentent une menace importante et sous-estimée pour de nombreux êtres vivants non humains.
      Murs de béton, de pierre, de boue, de sable ou de brique, de barbelés, de grilles en acier ou de clôtures électrifiées

      On en trouve surtout aux frontières : entre les États-Unis et le Mexique, la Corée du Nord et du Sud, Israël et la Cisjordanie, la Malaisie et la Thaïlande, l’Inde et le Pakistan, l’Iran et l’Irak, la Chine et la Mongolie, le Botswana et le Zimbabwe, etc. Ils prennent la forme de murs de béton, de pierre, de boue, de sable ou de brique, de barbelés, de grilles en acier ou de clôtures électrifiées, et viennent accompagnés de routes, de casernes, de lumières et de bruits. Leur nombre a considérablement augmenté depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Par exemple en Eurasie (sans le Moyen-Orient), il existe aujourd’hui plus de 30.000 km de murs, grillages et barbelés aux frontières.

      Ces murs affectent évidemment les populations humaines en brisant les trajectoires personnelles de millions de personnes. Ils affectent aussi les autres espèces [1]. À Białowieża, par exemple, la séparation a empêché les flux génétiques (et a donc fragilisé) des populations de bisons, d’ours, de loups et de lynx. Pire, 25 ans après la destruction du rideau de fer entre l’Allemagne et la République tchèque, les jeunes cerfs (qui n’avaient jamais vu de clôtures) ne traversaient toujours pas la frontière [2].

      En mai 2018 paraissait dans la revue Bioscience un article cosigné par dix-huit grands noms de l’étude et de la protection de la biodiversité (dont Edward O. Wilson) et signé par 2.500 scientifiques, qui alertait sur les « conséquences inattendues mais importantes » de ces murs frontaliers sur la biodiversité [3]. Ce cri d’alarme n’est pas le premier [4], mais il résume bien l’état des lieux de la recherche, et aussi l’état de préoccupation des chercheurs.
      Lorsque les habitats se fragmentent, les territoires des populations se réduisent

      Les murs nuisent à la biodiversité de plusieurs façons. Premièrement, ils peuvent blesser ou tuer des animaux directement, quand ils s’emmêlent dans les fils barbelés, sont électrocutés ou marchent sur des mines antipersonnelles.

      Deuxièmement, ils fragmentent et dégradent les habitats. Par exemple la frontière de 3.200 km entre le Mexique et les États-Unis traverse les aires de répartition géographique de 1.506 espèces natives (parmi lesquelles 1.077 espèces animales) dont 62 sont sur la liste des espèces en danger. Le mur menace cinq régions particulièrement riches en biodiversité (on les nomme « hotspots ») qui retiennent presque tous les efforts de conservation et de « réensauvagement » (rewilding). Lorsque les habitats se fragmentent, les territoires des populations se réduisent, et le nombre d’espèces présentes sur ces petites surfaces se réduit plus que proportionnellement, rendant ainsi les populations plus vulnérables, par exemple aux variations climatiques. Les clôtures frontalières contribuent aussi à accroître la mortalité de la faune sauvage en facilitant la tâche des braconniers, en perturbant les migrations et la reproduction, et en empêchant l’accès à la nourriture et à l’eau. Par exemple, le mouton bighorn (une espèce en danger) migrait naturellement entre la Californie et le Mexique mais ne peut aujourd’hui plus accéder aux points d’eau et aux sites de naissance qu’il avait l’habitude de fréquenter.

      Troisièmement, ces murs annulent les effets bénéfiques des millions de dollars investis dans la recherche et les mesures de conservation de la biodiversité. Les scientifiques témoignent aussi du fait qu’ils sont souvent l’objet d’intimidations, de harcèlements ou de ralentissements volontaires de la part des officiers responsables de la sécurité des frontières.

      Enfin, quatrièmement, les politiques de sécurité mises en place récemment font passer les lois environnementales au deuxième plan, quand elles ne sont pas simplement bafouées ou oubliées.
      Des centaines de kilomètres de clôtures de sécurité aux frontières extérieures et intérieures de l’UE

      Le double phénomène migrations/clôtures n’est pas prêt de s’arrêter. En 2015, un afflux exceptionnel d’êtres humains fuyant leurs pays en direction de l’Europe a conduit plusieurs États membres à réintroduire ou renforcer les contrôles aux frontières, notamment par la construction rapide de centaines de kilomètres de clôtures de sécurité aux frontières extérieures et intérieures de l’UE. Le réchauffement climatique et l’épuisement des ressources seront dans les années à venir des causes majeures de guerres, d’épidémies et de famines, forçant toujours plus d’humains à migrer. Les animaux seront aussi de la partie, comme en témoigne la progression vers le nord des moustiques tigres, qui charrient avec eux des maladies qui n’existaient plus dans nos régions, ou encore l’observation du loup en Belgique en mars 2018 pour la troisième fois depuis des siècles…

      Les accords entre pays membres de l’Union européenne au sujet des migrations humaines seront-ils mis en place à temps ? Résisteront-ils aux changements et aux catastrophes à venir ? Quel poids aura la « #Convention_des_espèces_migrantes » (censée réguler le flux des animaux) face aux migrations humaines ?

      En septembre 2017, un bison d’Europe a été aperçu en Allemagne. C’était la première fois depuis 250 ans qu’un représentant sauvage de cette espèce traversait spontanément la frontière allemande. Il a été abattu par la police.

      https://reporterre.net/Les-murs-n-arretent-pas-que-les-humains
      #Bialowieza

    • Les murs de séparation nuisent aussi à la #faune et la #flore

      3419 migrants sont décédés en Méditerranée en tentant de rejoindre Malte ou l’Italie. C’est ce que révèle un rapport du Haut commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés publié le 10 décembre. Il y a les barrières naturelles, et les murs artificiels. Pendant deux mois, le web-documentaire Connected Walls s’attaque aux murs de séparation entre quatre continents : le mur entre l’Amérique du Nord et l’Amérique latine incarné par les grillages entre les Etats-Unis et le Mexique, celui entre l’Europe et l’Afrique incarné par les barbelés qui séparent les enclaves espagnoles du Maroc. Tous les 10 jours, Connected Walls publie un nouveau documentaire de cinq minutes sur une thématique choisie par les internautes. Cette semaine, ils ont sélectionné la thématique « animal ».

      Cette semaine, sur Connected-Walls,Valeria Fernandez (USA) et Fidel Enriquez (Mexico) ont suivi John Ladd dont la famille possède un ranch dans l’Arizona, à la frontière mexicaine, depuis cinq générations. Depuis la construction du mur frontalier en 2007, les choses ont changé pour lui et pour les animaux.

      De leur côté, Irene Gutierrez (Espagne) et Youssef Drissi (Maroc) ont rencontré Adam Camara, un jeune de Guinée Équatoriale qui a tenté de traverser plusieurs fois le détroit entre le Maroc et l’Espagne. Lors de sa dernière tentative, il a reçu l’aide d’un mystérieux ami.
      Pour chaque thématique, un partenaire associatif a carte blanche pour rédiger une tribune. Celle-ci a été rédigée par Dan Millis, de l’organisation écologiste Sierra Club :

      « Les animaux se moquent bien des frontières politiques. Le jaguar de Sonora n’a pas de passeport, et le canard morillon cancane avec le même accent, qu’il soit à Ceuta ou dans la forêt de Jbel Moussa. Les murs et les barrières ont cependant un impact considérable sur la faune et la flore. Par exemple, les rennes de l’ancienne Tchécoslovaquie ne franchissent jamais la ligne de l’ancien Rideau de Fer, alors même que cette barrière a disparu depuis 25 ans et qu’aucun des rennes vivant aujourd’hui ne l’a jamais connue. Les quelques 1000 kilomètres de barrières et de murs séparant les États-Unis et le Mexique détruisent et fragmentent l’habitat sauvage, en bloquant les couloirs de migration essentiels à la survie de nombreuses espèces. Une étude réalisée grâce à des caméras installées au niveau des refuges et des zones de vie naturellement fréquentés par la faune en Arizona a montré que des animaux comme le puma et le coati sont bloqués par les murs des frontières, alors que les humains ne le sont pas. »


      https://www.bastamag.net/Connected-Walls-le-webdocumentaire-4545
      #wildelife

    • Border Fences and their Impacts on Large Carnivores, Large Herbivores and Biodiversity: An International Wildlife Law Perspective

      Fences, walls and other barriers are proliferating along international borders on a global scale. These border fences not only affect people, but can also have unintended but important consequences for wildlife, inter alia by curtailing migrations and other movements, by fragmenting populations and by causing direct mortality, for instance through entanglement. Large carnivores and large herbivores are especially vulnerable to these impacts. This article analyses the various impacts of border fences on wildlife around the world from a law and policy perspective, focusing on international wildlife law in particular. Relevant provisions from a range of global and regional legal instruments are identified and analysed, with special attention for the Bonn Convention on Migratory Species and the European Union Habitats Directive.

      https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/reel.12169

    • Border Security Fencing and Wildlife: The End of the Transboundary Paradigm in Eurasia?

      The ongoing refugee crisis in Europe has seen many countries rush to construct border security fencing to divert or control the flow of people. This follows a trend of border fence construction across Eurasia during the post-9/11 era. This development has gone largely unnoticed by conservation biologists during an era in which, ironically, transboundary cooperation has emerged as a conservation paradigm. These fences represent a major threat to wildlife because they can cause mortality, obstruct access to seasonally important resources, and reduce effective population size. We summarise the extent of the issue and propose concrete mitigation measures.


      https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002483

    • Butterfly Preserve On The Border Threatened By Trump’s Wall

      The National Butterfly Center, a 100-acre wildlife center and botanical garden in South Texas, provides a habitat for more than 100 species of butterflies.

      It also sits directly in the path of the Trump administration’s proposed border wall.

      The federal spending bill approved in September includes $1.6 billion in 2019 for construction of the wall. In October, the Department of Homeland Security issued a waiver to 28 laws protecting public lands, wildlife and the environment to clear the way for construction to proceed.

      https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/660671247/butterfly-preserve-on-the-border-threatened-by-trumps-wall
      #papillons

    • Wildlife advocates, local indigenous tribes protest preparations for new border wall construction

      The federal government this week began moving bulldozers and construction vehicles to the Texas border with Mexico to begin building a new six-mile section of border wall — the first new wall under President Donald Trump, administration officials confirmed Tuesday.

      The move immediately triggered angry protests by a local butterfly sanctuary — The National Butterfly Center — and local indigenous tribes who oppose the wall and say construction will damage natural habitats. U.S. Customs and Border Protection said the wall will run through land owned by federal government. The dispute came amid an administration claim that a caravan of 2,000 migrants had arrived in northern Mexico along the Texas border.

      “We’re a recognized tribe and no one’s going to tell us who we are especially some idiots in Washington,” said Juan Mancias of the indigenous peoples’ tribe Carrizo-Comecrudo, who led protests on Monday. “We’re the original people of this land. We haven’t forgot our ancestors.”

      So far, the Trump administration has upgraded only existing fencing along the border. The president has called for some $5 billion for new wall construction, and Democrats have refused, resulting in a budget dispute that shut down the government for five weeks.

      This latest Texas project relies on previously appropriated money and won’t require further congressional approval. Construction plans for the Rio Grande Valley, just south of McAllen, Texas, call for six to 14 miles of new concrete wall topped with 18-foot vertical steel bars.

      Last year, Homeland Security Secretary Kristen Nielsen waived a variety environmental restrictions, including parts of the Endangered Species and Clean Water Acts, to prepare for construction in the area. Construction on the Rio Grande Valley project is expected to start in the coming weeks.

      Marianna Wright, executive director of the National Butterfly Center, remains a staunch advocate against the border wall. She met this week with authorities who she said wants to buy the center’s land for wall construction.

      She traveled to Washington last month to explain the environmental damage that would be caused by the construction in testimony on Capitol Hill.

      “The bulldozers will roll into the lower Rio Grande Valley wildlife conservation corridor, eliminating thousands of trees during spring nesting season for hundreds of species of migratory raptors and songbirds,” Wright told the House Natural Resources Committee.

      When asked by ABC News what message she has for people who aren’t there to see the impact of the new border wall, Wright paused, searching for words to express her frustration.

      “I would drive my truck over them, over their property, through their fence,” she said.

      DHS continues to cite national security concerns as the reason for building the border wall, with Homeland Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen saying in a statement Tuesday that migrants in the new caravan that had arrived at the Texas border would try to cross over illegally.

      “Such caravans are the result of Congress’s inexcusable failure to fully fund a needed physical barrier and unwillingness to fix outdated laws that act as an enormous magnet for illegal aliens,” Nielsen said in a statement.

      The last so-called caravan that caused alarm for the administration resulted in thousands of migrants taking shelter in the Mexican city of Tijuana. Just across the border from San Diego, many waited several weeks for the chance to enter the U.S.

      https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wildlife-advocates-local-indigenous-tribes-protest-preparations-border/story?id=60859814
      #résistance #peuples_autochtones #Carrizo-Comecrudo #McAllen #Texas

    • As Work Begins on Trump’s Border Wall, a Key Wildlife Refuge Is at Risk

      Construction is underway on a stretch of President Trump’s border wall cutting through the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge in Texas. Biologists warn the steel wall will disrupt carefully preserved habitat critical for the survival of ocelot, jaguarundi, and other threatened species.

      As Tiffany Kersten descends from a levee into a verdant forest that stretches to the Rio Grande more than a mile away, she spots a bird skimming the treetops: a red-tailed hawk. Later, other birds — great blue herons, egrets — take flight from the edge of an oxbow lake. This subtropical woodland is one of the last remnants of tamaulipan brushland — a dense tangle of Texas ebony, mesquite, retama, and prickly pear whose U.S. range is now confined to scattered fragments in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas. The ecosystem harbors an astonishing array of indigenous wildlife: ocelot, jaguarundi, Texas tortoise, and bobcat, as well as tropical and subtropical birds in a rainbow of colors, the blue bunting and green jay among them.

      But the stretch of tamaulipan scrub Kersten is exploring, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge, won’t be around much longer. About 15 feet from the forest edge, Kersten — a board member of a local conservation group — spots red ribbons tied to tree branches on both sides of the trail. Soon, an excavator will uproot those trees to make way for a 140-foot-wide access road and an 18-foot-high wall atop the levee, all part of the Trump administration’s plan to barricade as much of the Texas/Mexico border as possible. On Valentine’s Day, two days before I visited the border, crews began clearing a path for the road, and soon the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) will plant a cement foundation in the levee and top it with a steel bollard barrier.

      This construction is the first project under a plan to build 33 miles of new wall along the levee in South Texas, with $641 million in funding that Trump requested and Congress authorized last year. That 33-mile stretch, cutting through some of the most unique and endangered habitat in the United States, will be joined by an additional 55 miles of wall under a funding bill Trump signed February 15 that allocates another $1.375 billion for wall construction. The same day, Trump also issued a national emergency declaration authorizing another $6 billion for border walls. That declaration could give the administration the power to override a no-wall zone Congress created in three protected areas around the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge.

      Since the mid-20th century, ranches, oil fields, and housing tracts have consumed 97 percent of the tamaulipan brushland.

      Since the mid-20th century, ranches, farms, oil fields, subdivisions, and shopping centers have consumed 97 percent of the tamaulipan brushland habitat at ground zero of this new spate of border wall construction. That loss led Congress to create the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge in the 1970s and spurred a 30-year-effort by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, conservation organizations, and private landowners to protect the remaining pockets of tamaulipan brushland and restore some of what has been lost. The Fish and Wildlife Service has purchased 10,000 acres of cropland and converted it back into tamaulipan woodlands; it hopes to replant another 30,000 acres. The refuge, now totaling 98,000 acres, has been likened to a string of pearls, with connected jewels of old-growth and restored habitat adorning the 300-mile lower Rio Grande Valley.

      Into this carefully rebuilt wildlife corridor now comes the disruption of a flurry of new border wall construction. Scientists and conservationists across Texas warn that it could unravel decades of work to protect the tamaulipan brushland and the wildlife it harbors. “This is the only place in the world you can find this habitat,” says Kersten, a board member of Friends of the Wildlife Corridor, a non-profit group that works closely with the Fish and Wildlife Service on the corridor program. “And only 3 percent of this habitat is remaining.”

      For all its efforts to turn cropland into federally protected habitat, the Fish and Wildlife Service finds itself with little recourse to safeguard it, precisely because it is federal property. The easiest place for the federal government to begin its new wave of border wall construction is the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge, which includes the picturesque La Parida Banco tract, where I joined Kersten. Under a 2005 law, the Department of Homeland Security can waive the environmental reviews that federal agencies such as the Fish and Wildlife Service typically conduct for projects that could alter federally protected lands.

      The tract Kersten and I visited is one of four adjacent “pearls” in the wildlife corridor — long , roughly rectangular parcels stretching from an entrance road to the river. From west to east they are the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge’s La Parida Banco tract, the Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park, the refuge’s El Morillo Banco tract, and the privately owned National Butterfly Center. A levee runs through all four properties, and the first sections of fence to be built atop it would cut off access to trails and habitat in the refuge tracts. Citizens and local and state officials have successfully fought to keep the fence from crossing the National Butterfly Center, the Bentsen-Rio Grande state park, and the Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge farther downstream — at least for now. If Trump’s national emergency declaration survives court challenges, the border barriers could even be extended into these holdouts.

      When the wall and access road are completed at La Parida Banco, a crucial piece of intact native habitat will become isolated between the wall and the river. Species that either rely on the river for water or migrate across it will find pathways they’ve traversed for thousands of years blocked.

      While biologists are concerned about the impacts of the wall all along the U.S.-Mexico border, the uniqueness of South Texas’ ecosystems make it an especially troublesome place to erect an 18-foot fence, they say. The 300-mile wildlife corridor in South Texas, where the temperate and the tropical intermingle, is home to an astounding concentration of flora and fauna: 17 threatened or endangered species, including the jaguarundi and ocelot; more than 530 species of birds; 330 butterfly species, about 40 percent of all those in the U.S.; and 1,200 types of plants. It’s one of the most biodiverse places on the continent.

      `There will be no concern for plants, endangered species [and] no consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service,’ says a biologist.

      “This is a dry land, and when you have dry land, your diversity is near the water,” says Norma Fowler, a biologist with the University of Texas at Austin who studies the tamaulipan brushland ecosystem. She co-authored an article published last year in the scientific journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment warning of the consequences of the new wall for the region’s singular ecosystems and wildlife. Since the wall can’t be built in the river, it’s going up a mile or more north of it in some areas, placing both the riparian habitat right along the river and the tamaulipan thornscrub on higher ground at risk.

      “Both of those habitats have been fragmented, and there’s not much left,” Fowler says. “Some of it is lovingly restored from fields to the appropriate wild vegetation. But because they’ve waived every environmental law there is, there will be no concern for plants, endangered species. There will be no consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service.”

      When the wall rises, the barrier and the new patrol road alongside it will cut an unusually wide 140-foot swath to improve visibility through the dense brush. In her article, Fowler estimated that construction of the border wall would destroy 4.8 to 7.3 acres of habitat per mile of barrier. The fence will also cut off access to the river and habitat on the Mexican side of the border for many animals. Including bobcats, ocelot, jaguarundi, and javelina. Some slower-moving species, like the Texas tortoise, could be caught in floods that would swell against the wall.

      If new walls must be built along the Rio Grande, Fowler says, the Department of Homeland Security should construct them in a way that causes the least harm to wildlife and plants. That would include limiting the footprint of the access roads and other infrastructure, designing barriers with gaps wide enough for animals to pass through, and using electronic sensors instead of physical barriers wherever possible.

      One of the most at-risk species is the ocelot, a small jaguar-like cat that historically roamed throughout Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Arizona, but that numbers only about 80 today. The sole breeding population left in the U.S. is in South Texas, and it is wholly dependent on the dense shrubland in the Lower Rio Grande Valley that the wall will bisect. Some species could be wiped out altogether: The few sites where Physaria thamnophila, a native wildflower, still grows are directly in the path of the wall, Fowler says.

      With 1,254 miles of border — all following the languid, meandering course of the Rio Grande — Texas has far more of the United States’ 1,933-mile southern boundary than any other state, yet it has the fewest miles of existing fence. That’s because much of the Texas border is private riverfront land. The first major push to barricade the Texas border, by the George W. Bush administration, encountered opposition from landowners who balked at what they saw as lowball purchase offers and the use of eminent domain to take their property. (Years later, some of those lawsuits are still pending.) Federal land managers also put up a fight.

      Natural areas already bisected by a Bush-era fence offer a preview of the potential fate of the Rio Grande wildlife refuge.

      When Ken Merritt — who oversaw the federal South Texas Refuge Complex, which includes the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge, Santa Ana, and the Laguna Atascosa refuge near where the Rio Grande meets the Gulf of Mexico — questioned the wisdom of a barrier through Santa Ana during the Bush administration, he was forced out of his job.

      “I was getting a lot of pressure,” says Merritt, who still lives in the valley and is retired. “But it just didn’t fit. We were trying to connect lands to create a whole corridor all along the valley, and we knew walls were very much against that.”

      Natural areas already bisected by the Bush-era fence offer a preview of the potential fate of the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge. A few miles downstream from the La Parida tract, the Hidalgo Pumphouse and Birding Center, which anchors the southern end of the tiny town of Hidalgo, now looks out at a stretch of steel bollard fence atop a concrete wall embedded in the levee.

      On a recent Monday morning, a few tourists milled about the gardens behind the pumphouse, listening to the birds — curve-billed thrashers, green monk parakeets, kiskadee flycatchers — and enjoying the view from the observation deck. Curious about the wall, all of them eventually walk up to it and peek through the four-inch gaps between the steel slats. On the other side lies another pearl: a 900-acre riverside piece of the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge called the Hidalgo Bend tract. It was once a popular spot with birders drawn to its ferruginous Pygmy owls, elf owls, and other wildlife. But since the wall went up in 2009, few birders visit anymore.

      At The Nature Conservancy’s Sabal Palm Preserve, a 557-acre piece of the wildlife corridor near the Gulf of Mexico, a wall installed in 2009 cuts through one of the last stands of sabal palm forest in the Rio Grande Valley. Laura Huffman, regional director for The Nature Conservancy, worries that the more walls erected on the border, the less hope there is of completing the wildlife corridor.

      Kersten and others remain unconvinced that the danger on the border justifies a wall. She believes that sensors and more Border Patrol agents are more effective deterrents to drug smugglers and illegal immigrants. Earlier on the day we met, Kersten was part of a group of 100 or so protestors who marched from the parking lot at nearby Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park to the adjacent National Butterfly Center, holding signs that read “No Border Wall” and “Solidarity Across Borders.” One placard listed the more than two dozen environmental and cultural laws that the Trump administration waived to expedite the fence. Among them: the National Environmental Policy Act, which requires environmental analysis before federal projects can begin; the Endangered Species Act; the Clean Water Act; the Migratory Bird Treaty Act; the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act; the National Historic Preservation Act; and the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act.

      Even as the wall goes up in the refuge, preparations for this year’s restoration projects are moving ahead. Betty Perez, whose family has lived in the Lower Rio Grande Valley for generations, is one of several landowners who grow seedlings for replanting on refuge lands each year. At her ranch, about a 45-minute drive northwest of the La Parida Banco tract, she’s beginning to collect seeds to grow this year’s native shrub crop: coyotillo, in the buckthorn family; yucca; Texas persimmon.

      Next to a shed in her backyard sit rows of seedlings-to-be in white tubes. To Perez, the delicate green shoots hold a promise: In a few years, these tiny plants will become new habitat for jaguarundi, for ocelot, for green jays, for blue herons. Despite the new walls, the wildlife corridor project will go on, she says, in the spaces in between.

      https://e360.yale.edu/features/as-work-begins-on-trumps-border-wall-a-key-wildlife-refuge-is-at-risk

    • Border Wall Rising In #Arizona, Raises Concerns Among Conservationists, Native Tribes

      Construction has begun on President Trump’s border wall between Arizona and Mexico, and conservationists are furious. The massive barrier will skirt one of the most beloved protected areas in the Southwest — Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, recognized by the United Nations as an international biosphere reserve.

      On a recent drive along the borderline, a crew was transplanting tall saguaro cactus out of the construction zone.

      “There may be misconceptions that we are on a construction site and just not caring for the environment,” intones a voice on a video released by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is overseeing the project. “We are relocating saguaro, organ pipe, ocotillo...”

      But a half-mile away, a big yellow bulldozer was scraping the desert clean and mowing down cactus columns that were likely older than the young man operating the dozer.

      Customs and Border Protection later said 110 desert plants have been relocated, and unhealthy ones get bulldozed.

      This scene illustrates why environmentalists are deeply skeptical of the government’s plans. They fear that as CBP and the Defense Department race to meet the president’s deadline of 450 miles of wall by Election Day 2020, they will plow through one of the most biologically and culturally rich regions of the continental United States.

      The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service has warned that the wall, with its bright lights, human activity and impermeable barrier, could negatively impact 23 endangered and at-risk species, including the Sonoran pronghorn antelope. And the National Park Service says construction could destroy 22 archaeological sites. Yet, for this stretch of western desert, the government has waived 41 federal environmental laws to expedite construction.

      “This is a wall to fulfill a campaign promise. It’s really clear. And that’s what makes so many of us so angry. It’s being done so fast outside the rule of law and we know it’ll have an incredible impact,” says Kevin Dahl, Arizona representative for the National Parks Conservation Association. He sits beside a serene, spring-fed pond fringed by cattails, and dive-bombed by dragonflies. It is called Quitobaquito Springs, and it’s located on the southern edge of the #Organ_Pipe_Cactus_National_Monument.

      A biologist peers into a rivulet that feeds this oasis in the middle of the Sonoran desert.

      “These guys are very tiny, maybe half the size of a sesame seed. Those are the Quitobaquito tryonia. And there are literally thousands in here,” says Jeff Sorensen, wildlife specialist supervisor with Arizona Game and Fish Department. He’s an expert on this tiny snail, which is one of three species — along with a mud turtle and a pupfish — whose entire universe is this wetland.

      The springs have been used for 16,000 years by Native Americans, followed by Spanish explorers, traders and farmers.

      But the pond is a stone’s throw from the international border, and the path of the wall. Conservationists fear workers will drill water wells to make concrete, and lower the water table which has been dropping for years.

      “We do have concerns,” Sorensen continues. “Our species that are at this site rely on water just like everything else here in the desert southwest. And to take that water away from them means less of a home.”

      The Trump administration is building 63 miles of wall in the Tucson Sector, to replace outdated pedestrian fences and vehicle barriers. CBP says this stretch of desert is a busy drug- and human-trafficking corridor. In 2019, the Tucson sector had 63,490 apprehensions and seized more than 61,900 pounds of illegal narcotics. The Defense Department is paying Southwest Valley Constructors, of Albuquerque, N.M., to erect 18- to 30-foot-tall, concrete-filled steel bollards, along with security lights and an all-weather patrol road. It will cost $10.3 million a mile.

      The rampart is going up in the Roosevelt Reservation, a 60-foot-wide strip of federal land that runs along the U.S. side of the border in New Mexico, Arizona and California. It was established in 1907 by President Theodore Roosevelt.

      Congress refused to authorize money for construction of the wall in Arizona. Under Trump’s national emergency declaration, the Defense Department has reprogrammed counterdrug funding to build the border wall.

      In responses to questions from NPR, CBP says contractors will not drill for water within five miles of Quitobaquito Springs. The agency says it is coordinating with the National Park Service, Fish & Wildlife and other stakeholders to identify sensitive areas “to develop avoidance or mitigation measures to eliminate or reduce impacts to the environment.” Additionally, CBP is preparing an Environmental Stewardship Plan for the construction project.

      Critics are not appeased.

      “There is a whole new level of recklessness we’re seeing under Trump. We thought Bush was bad, but this is a whole other order of magnitude,” says Laiken Jordahl, a former national park ranger and now borderlands campaigner with the Center for Biological Diversity.

      There was an outcry, too, back in the late 2000s when President George W. Bush built the first generation of bollard wall. Those barriers topped out at 18 feet. The structures rising southwest of Tucson are as tall as a two-story building. They look like they could hold back a herd of T-rexes.

      The Trump administration is using the same Real ID Act of 2005 that empowered President George W. Bush to build his border wall without heeding environmental protections. But the pace of waivers is quickening under Trump’s aggressive construction timeline. Under Bush, the Department of Homeland Security issued five waiver proclamations. Under Trump, DHS has issued 15 waivers that exempt the contractors from a total of 51 different laws, ranging from the Clean Water Act to the Archeological Resources Protection Act to the Wild Horse and Burro Act.

      “The waivers allow them to bypass a lot of red tape and waive the public input process,” says Kenneth Madsen, a geography professor at Ohio State University at Newark who monitors border wall waivers. “It allows them to avoid getting bogged down in court cases that might slow down their ability to construct border barriers along the nation’s edges.”

      The most important law that CBP is able to sidestep is the National Environmental Policy Act, NEPA—known as the Magna Carta of federal environmental laws. It requires a detailed environmental assessment of any “federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment.” NEPA covers most large federal construction projects, such as dams, bridges, highways, and waterway projects.

      Considering the construction of 450 miles of steel barriers on the nation’s southern boundary, “There is no question that NEPA would require preparation of an environmental impact statement, with significant input from the public, from affected communities, tribal governments, land owners, and land managers throughout the process. And it is outrageous that a project of this magnitude is getting a complete exemption from NEPA and all the other laws,” says Dinah Bear. She served as general counsel for the White House’s Council on Environmental Quality for 24 years under four presidents.

      To some border residents, barriers — regardless how controversial — are the best way to stop illegal activity.

      “I support Donald Trump 100%. If you’re going to build a wall, build it!” declares rancher John Ladd.

      His family has bred cattle in Arizona since it was a territory. Their ranch backs up to the Mexican border near the town of Naco. The surrounding mountains purple at dusk, as a bull and his harem of cows munch gramma grass.

      Time was when the Ladd ranch was overrun by people crossing the border illegally. They stole things and cut fences and left trash in the pastures. Then in 2016, at the end of the Obama years, CBP built a fence, continuing what Bush started.

      Ladd reserves judgment on the propriety of a wall through a federally protected wilderness. But for his ranch, walls worked.

      “When this 18-foot wall went in, it was obvious that immigrants quit coming through here,” he says. “It was an immediate improvement with the security of our border as well as our houses.”

      Other border neighbors feel differently.

      The vast Tohono O’odham Nation — nearly as big as Connecticut — shares 62 miles with Mexico. The tribe vehemently opposes the border wall. Several thousand tribal members live south of the border, and are permitted to pass back and forth using tribal IDs.

      Already, border barriers are encroaching on the reservation from the east and west. While there is currently no funding to wall off the Arizona Tohono O’odham lands from Mexico, tribal members fear CBP could change its mind at any time.

      “We have lived in this area forever,” says Tribal Chairman Ned Norris, Jr. “And so a full-blown 30-foot wall would make it that much difficult for our tribal citizens in Mexico and in the U.S. to be able to actively participate with family gatherings, with ceremonial gatherings.”

      Traditions are important to the Antone family. The father, son and daughter recently joined other tribal members walking westward along State Highway 86, which runs through the reservation. They were on a pilgrimage for St. Francis.

      Genae Antone, 18, stopped to talk about another rite of passage. Young Tohono O’odham men run a roundtrip of 300 miles from the reservation, across the border, to the salt flats at Mexico’s Sea of Cortez.

      “The salt run, for the men, that’s really important for us as Tohono O’odham. For the men to run all the way to the water to get salt,” she said. “Some people go and get seashells. So I don’t really necessarily think it (the border wall) is a good idea.”

      The Antone family — carrying a feathered walking stick, a statue of the virgin, and an American flag — then continued on its pilgrimage.

      https://www.npr.org/2019/10/13/769444262/border-wall-rising-in-arizona-raises-concerns-among-conservationists-native-tri
      #cactus

    • Les murs frontaliers sont une catastrophe écologique

      On les croyait en voie d’extinction, ils se sont multipliés : les murs et autres clôtures aux frontières pour empêcher les migrations humaines ont un impact délétère sur de nombreuses espèces en morcelant leurs habitats naturels. Une raison de plus de s’y opposer, pour ce chroniqueur de gauche britannique.

      C’est au XXIe siècle que convergent les catastrophes humanitaires et environnementales. L’effondrement climatique a contraint des millions de personnes à fuir de chez elles, et des centaines de millions d’autres risquent le même sort. La famine qui dévaste actuellement Madagascar est la première que les Nations unies ont qualifiée de conséquence probable de l’urgence climatique [un lien contesté] ; elle ne sera pas la dernière. De grandes métropoles s’approchent dangereusement de la pénurie d’eau à mesure que les nappes souterraines sont vidées. La pollution de l’air tue 10 millions de personnes par an. Les produits chimiques de synthèse qui se trouvent dans les sols, l’air et l’eau ont des retentissements indicibles sur les écosystèmes et les êtres humains.

      Mais, à l’inverse, les catastrophes humanitaires, ou plus précisément les réactions cruelles et irrationnelles des gouvernements face à ces crises, peuvent aussi déclencher des désastres écologiques. L’exemple le plus frappant est la construction de murs frontaliers.

      En ce moment, avec l’aide de 140 ingénieurs militaires britanniques, la Pologne entame la construction d’une paroi en acier de 5,5 mètres de haut sur 180 kilomètres, le long de sa frontière avec la Biélorussie. L’aide des militaires britanniques facilitera la signature d’un nouveau contrat d’armement entre le Royaume-Uni et la Pologne, d’un montant approximatif de 3 milliards de livres.
      L’illusion de la chute du mur

      Le mur est présenté comme une mesure de “sécurité”. Pourtant, il protège l’Europe non pas d’une menace mais du dénuement absolu de personnes parmi les plus vulnérables du monde, en particulier des réfugiés venus de Syrie, d’Irak et d’Afghanistan qui fuient les persécutions, la torture et les massacres. Ils ont été cruellement exploités par le gouvernement biélorusse, qui s’est servi d’eux comme arme politique. Ils sont maintenant piégés à la frontière en plein hiver, gelés et affamés, sans nulle part où aller.

      À la chute du mur de Berlin, on nous a promis l’avènement d’une nouvelle époque plus libre. Depuis, beaucoup plus de murs ont pourtant été érigés qu’abattus. Depuis 1990, l’Europe a construit des murs frontaliers six fois plus longs que celui de Berlin. À l’échelle mondiale, le nombre de frontières clôturées est passé de 15 à 70 depuis la fin de la guerre froide : il existe actuellement 47 000 kilomètres de frontières matérialisées par des barrières.

      Pour ceux qui sont piégés derrière ces obstacles, la cruauté du capitalisme est difficile à distinguer de la cruauté du communisme.

      (#paywall)
      https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/faune-les-murs-frontaliers-sont-une-catastrophe-ecologique

    • An endangered wolf spent days searching for a mate. The border wall blocked him.

      It is the first time researchers have directly observed how border fences hinder the Mexican gray wolf, which is on the verge of extinction.

      One chilly early morning in November, a wolf roamed southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, on the southern border of the U.S. He was probably driven by the call for survival and wanted to mate, researchers say.

      In his search for a mate or for better opportunities, the wolf tried to cross the dangerous Chihuahuan Desert, a region he knows very well because it has been his species’ habitat since time immemorial.

      This time, however, he was unable to cross. The barriers that make up the border wall prevented him from crossing the border into Mexico.

      “For five days he walked from one place to another. It was at least 23 miles of real distance, but as he came and went, he undoubtedly traveled much more than that,” said Michael Robinson, the director of the Center for Biological Diversity, a nonprofit organization that defends and monitors species that are in danger of extinction — like this Mexican gray wolf, whom they called Mr. Goodbar.

      Robinson lives in Silver City, very close to Gila National Forest. He noticed the wolf’s adventures when he was reviewing a map from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that records the locations of the wolves using GPS devices they have on necklaces. It is the first time researchers have directly observed how the border wall hinders the life of the species, which is at risk of extinction.

      “Mr. Goodbar’s Thanksgiving was forlorn, since he was thwarted in romancing a female and hunting together for deer and jackrabbits,” Robinson said. “But beyond one animal’s frustrations, the wall separates wolves in the Southwest from those in Mexico and exacerbates inbreeding in both populations.”

      The dangers of the wall

      The Center for Biological Diversity and other organizations have said the border wall cuts off connections for wildlife in the area. The center has filed multiple lawsuits to stop the construction of barriers between the two countries and protect the populations of gray wolves and other endangered animals.

      The organization announced Dec. 21 that it plans to sue the Department of Homeland Security and Customs and Border Protection for failing to protect ocelots and other species during the construction of border levees along the Rio Grande Valley in Texas.

      “It is hypocritical to use safety as an excuse to repair levees and then ignore federal laws that protect people and wildlife. These alleged repairs are seen more as an excuse to rush the construction of the border wall,” Paulo Lopes, a lawyer for the Center for Biological Diversity, said in a statement.

      The organization said more than 13 miles of levees will be built on the land of the Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge, traversing family farms and other private property in Hidalgo County, Texas.

      Ocelots have been in danger of extinction since 1982, and according to official data, it’s estimated that fewer than 50 of them remain in the U.S., all in South Texas.

      Restoring their habitat, including creating wildlife corridors, is a priority for the Rio Grande Wildlife Refuge, but the levees project — which involves removing vegetation along the river to build a control zone 150 feet wide with new roads for law enforcement agencies, as well as lighting systems, cameras and sensors — threatens the ocelot’s habitat.

      Building a wall on the border between Mexico and the U.S. was one of former President Donald Trump’s main campaign promises, and 450 miles of the project were completed during his presidency. The Biden administration suspended construction work, but Texas’ Republican governor, Greg Abbott, began construction of his own wall on Dec. 20.

      “President Biden should knock down the wall,” Robinson said. “Allowing Mexican gray wolves to roam freely would do right by the sublime Chihuahuan Desert and its lush sky-island mountains. We can’t allow this stark monument to stupidity to slowly strangle a vast ecosystem.”
      Challenges to survival

      By March, the Fish and Wildlife Service had estimated that 186 specimens of the Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) were in the wild, an increase of 14 percent over 2020. The population has increased for five consecutive years. Only 35 of the wolves are in Mexican territory, according to Mexican government data.

      In some ways, the fight to preserve the wolves is a success story, because, from 1915 to 1972, U.S. authorities poisoned and trapped almost all of the wolves in the wild. Three of the last five surviving wolves, captured from 1977 to 1980, were bred in captivity along with the progeny of four previously captured Mexican wolves.

      Because of a lawsuit filed by the center, the descendants of those seven wolves were reintroduced in the Southwestern U.S. in 1998. On the Mexican side, the wolves’ release began in 2011.

      The subspecies is about 5 feet long, usually weighs 50 to 80 pounds and lives in herds of four to nine. Their gray and rust-color fur is abundant. They live from two to eight years, and, despite protective measures, very few die of natural causes.

      Historically, their habitat has been the border: They used to live throughout southwestern Texas, southern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona and as far south as central Mexico. Today they are found only in the Gila ecosystem, in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, and in the Sierra de San Luis, in northern Mexico.

      Despite the modest but constant growth of its population, activists and experts have made multiple calls to maintain the protections for the species. Mr. Goodbar, who was born at the Sedgwick County Zoo in Kansas and was released in the desert area of ​​Arizona in 2020, is the result of such measures.

      The wolf’s adventurous and exploratory spirit is part of the species’ most basic instincts. It also runs in the family.

      Wolves from Mexico twice entered the U.S. at the beginning of 2017. One crossed through the point where Mr. Goodbar couldn’t make it and then returned to Mexico. Two months later, a female crossed into Arizona, and authorities captured her to appease complaints from people linked to the livestock industry.

      She is Mr. Goodbar’s mother, and she is still in captivity.

      “If the barriers remain on the border, and more are being built, that is going to have an impact on the genetic diversity of the wolves, because it could affect their reproduction. If the wall could be knocked down, at least in some key areas, it has to be done. That will allow for wildlife connectivity,” Robinson said.
      A problem of borders

      Researchers at the Center for Biological Diversity say wolves aren’t the only species threatened by the border wall.

      The telemetry studies of Aaron Flesch, a researcher at the University of Arizona, have found that the mountain owl, a bird in the area, flies at an average height of 4.5 feet, so border fences would also affect it.

      In addition, other animals, such as the cacomixtle, which is similar to a racoon, and the northern fox need to travel through large areas of the Chihuahuan Desert to feed and reproduce, so the barriers are obstacles to their habitats.

      Aislinn Maestas, a public affairs specialist for the Fish and Wildlife Service, said in a statement published in the El Paso Times that it was “speculative” to suggest that a barrier may have affected the wolf’s movements, adding that the wolf has continued to roam widely.

      However, the ecological impacts of border barriers have been widely documented. Roads and farmland isolate wildlife, but nothing else separates some species as effectively as border walls.

      The fence erected between Slovenia and Croatia in 2015 could lead to the gradual extinction of the lynx in the Dinaric Mountains. Carcasses of bears, deer and lynx that died horribly after they got caught on their quills are often found throughout the area.

      The barrier between India and Pakistan has caused the population of the Kashmir markhor (a rare wild goat) to collapse. The world’s longest border fences divide China, Mongolia and Russia, isolating populations of wild donkeys, Mongolian gazelles and other endangered species from the steppes.

      Modern wildlife researchers have warned that even in large protected areas, wildlife species are at risk of extinction if they can’t disperse and mix with populations elsewhere.

      Robinson, the activist, said that only once was he able to see a Mexican gray wolf in the wild. “They are incredible animals and play a key role in balancing nature,” he said.

      After his days trying to cross the border in November, Mr. Goodbar headed north toward Gila National Forest, where most of the Mexican wolves live. The area is very close to where Robinson lives, and he usually hears the powerful howls and sees the footprints the wolves leave on their wanderings across the border.

      “At any moment he will leave again. That is their nature, regardless of the walls that human beings build," Robinson said.

      https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/endangered-wolf-spent-days-searching-mate-border-wall-blocked-rcna10769

      #loup

  • Avec Jean Oury. Vivre avec la folie / #Revue_Chimères n°84 - Le silence qui parle
    http://lesilencequiparle.unblog.fr/2015/02/19/vivre-avec-la-folie-olivier-apprill-edito-de-la-revue-chime

    « Refaire le #club_thérapeutique, tout le temps. » Cette petite phrase de #Jean_Oury, extraite d’un dialogue avec Danielle Sivadon en 2004 (1), aurait pu être prononcée au printemps dernier comme il y a cinquante ans. Elle exprime une constance mais aussi une exigence : donner du #pouvoir aux malades, créer de la responsabilité, du #mouvement, du #possible. C’est à ces tâches essentielles que le fondateur de la #clinique psychiatrique de La Borde se consacrait encore quelques jours avant sa mort, le 15 mai dernier, à l’âge de 90 ans.

    Rendre hommage à celui que ses pairs considèrent comme l’un des meilleurs connaisseurs de la #psychose, c’est d’abord prendre la mesure de cette passion médicale (2) qui voit en chaque individu, plus ou moins fou, un sujet à part entière. C’est surtout honorer un engagement au jour le jour, une disponibilité, une présence confondue avec l’accueil permanent de l’autre.

    Jean Oury n’a jamais cessé de l’affirmer : dans l’abord de la #folie, le plus petit détail, un simple geste ou un sourire peuvent avoir une valeur inestimable. Ce souci de l’#ambiance, ces paroles qui soignent, cet humour, cette bienveillance, ces moments féconds au cours desquels une existence parfois bifurque constituent l’arrière-fond sensible dont ce numéro de Chimères se veut l’écho, nourri d’expériences, de témoignages et de récits souvent placés sous le signe d’une « vraie rencontre ». Une sorte de #constellation affective où les voix de plusieurs générations de patients, de « psychistes », d’artistes, d’amis proches ou de compagnons de route se mêlent pour composer un portrait multiple, polyphonique, de l’homme qui a tracé « son chemin en marchant » et su s’adresser, avec une qualité de parole incomparable, à ce qu’il y a de plus #singulier en chacun.

    En soutenant l’hypothèse que l’hôpital peut devenir un instrument thérapeutique et que la folie est aussi #création, Jean Oury abroge toutes les formes de ségrégation et tout réductionnisme de la maladie mentale. Autant de révolutions partagées au long de son parcours commun avec son ami #Félix_Guattari : la machine bicéphale Oury-Félix occupe une place privilégiée dans ce numéro de Chimères. Un agencement foisonnant, tour à tour créateur et conflictuel, qui constitue le caractère le plus visible de cette amitié – terme sans doute à entendre ici dans le sens d’une « condition pour l’exercice de la pensée » (3). Pensée en extension chez l’un, locale et intensive chez l’autre, dont la complémentarité aura permis d’instituer un milieu et un lieu « qui n’en a jamais fini de se construire » (4).

    Ce #lieu de #soin, bien réel et pourtant toujours à venir, Jean Oury en a lui-même élaboré la formule logique, la topique, dans son concept princeps de « collectif ». Réussir à déchiffrer ce qui se passe dans la vie quotidienne, sur le terrain, au travail, entre les gens, afin qu’une organisation d’ensemble puisse tenir compte du #désir_inconscient, est au principe même d’une « #psychiatrie_concrète » (autre nom de la #psychothérapie_institutionnelle) pour laquelle le médecin directeur de #La_Borde a oeuvré sans relâche.

    Tel est peut-être l’un des legs les plus manifestes de Jean Oury aux pensées qui n’ont pas renoncé à transformer l’état des choses. Un legs clinique, philosophique, politique, poétique, #éthique, dont la « valeur humaine » imprègne toutes les pages qui suivent. Accueillir, soigner, penser, vivre avec la folie : la contingence, une vie…

    Olivier Apprill
    Vivre avec la folie / 2015
    Édito du n°84 de la revue Chimères : Avec Jean Oury

    Numéro dirigé par Olivier Apprill et Jean-Claude Polack

    Télécharger le sommaire : Chimeres 84 sommaire
    http://lesilencequiparle.e.l.f.unblog.fr/files/2015/02/chimeres-84-sommaire.pdf

    • Assemblée nationale, Audition de M. Jean Oury, dir. de la clinique de La Borde (Cour-Cheverny) - Jeudi 31 Janvier 2013
      http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x17i0np_audition-de-m-jean-oury-dir-de-la-clinique-de-la-borde-cour-che

      Alors, la vie quotidienne ? (séminaire de Ste Anne septembre 1986)
      http://www.revue-institutions.com/articles/19/Document5.pdf

      De l’#institution. #Transfert, multiréférentialité et #vie_quotidienne dans l’approche thérapeutique de la psychose (2003)
      http://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-de-psychologie-clinique-2003-2-page-155.htm

      La destruction programmée de la psychiatrie (2008)
      http://www.cairn.info/revue-sud-nord-2008-1-page-37.htm

      « La psychiatrie n’est pas une spécialité de la #médecine, ce serait plutôt l’inverse », (une rengaine de J.O).

      Le pré-pathique et le tailleur de pierre
      http://www.revue-chimeres.fr/drupal_chimeres/files/40chi04.pdf

      JE VOUDRAIS ESSAYER DE FAIRE PASSER une dimension de la communication que j’appelle « pré-pathique », importante aussi bien sur le plan psychiatrique (de l’autisme ou de la #schizophrénie) que dans le domaine de la #normopathie (on est tous des normopathes et c’est la chose la plus incurable qui soit). Il ne s’agit donc pas ici d’une « communication » au sens restreint du terme mais de déchiffrer ce qui est en question dans « ce qui se passe ». Cela rejoint ce que j’appelle « les #entours » : terme banal qui me semble plus évocateur et plus poétique que le mot ambiance. On peut être non pas en face mais avec quelqu’un, et alors on essaye de repérer ce qui se passe. « Passage » est un mot privilégié de #Kierkegaard par lequel il traduisait le terme grec de kinésis . Il y a du mouvement ; s’il n’y a pas de mouvement, il ne se passe rien. Mais le mouvement ce n’est pas l’agitation. Ce qui exige une distinctivité : quand on passe d’un point à un autre, si le deuxième point n’est pas différent du premier, autant rester sur place. C’est la #critique que j’adresse à la plupart des #établissements. Ils sont tous pareils : aussi bien le bureau du médecin, que celui du directeur, ou la cuisine, la bibliothèque... C’est la même odeur, la même « olor ».

      #Santé_mentale ? #François_Tosquelles #Jacques_Lacan #DSM #diagnostic #fonction_d'accueil

    • « Séminaire de Sainte-Anne » de Jean Oury (1ère partie)

      http://www.franceculture.fr/player/export-inline?content=4329375

      Le psychiatre Jean Oury, fondateur de la psychothérapie institutionnelle, « plus grand connaisseur vivant de la psychose » (P. Delion), tient depuis 1980 un séminaire à #Sainte-Anne. Nous présenterons l’ethos, la parole, et l’histoire de ce lieu crucial pour l’actualité et l’histoire de la psychiatrie et de la #psychanalyse. Notre approche n’est pas clinique, mais une analyse praxique du discours, où sens, éthique et pertinence sont le nœud épistémologique hors duquel la pensée d’Oury reste impensable. Nous établirons l’objet du discours d’Oury, son régime praxique et sa profonde homologie de #structure et de #logique avec la folie. C’est au tissage de cette pensée et de sa parole que nous serons surtout sensibles : comment Oury propose une #praxis_théorique singulière ? Sur le plan de l’histoire des idées, des liens seront établis en permanence entre la pensée d’Oury et ses compagnons (Tosquelles, Guattari, #Gentis… ), avec les grands corps théoriques et cliniques (et surtout #Freud, Lacan), politiques (#marxisme antistalinien), philosophiques (Kierkegaard, Heidegger, #Maldiney) et artistiques (art brut… ). Le tout nourrit une pensée qui articule singulièrement logique, clinique et #politique. Enfin, nous insisterons sur les liens récents établis entre psychothérapie institutionnelle et logique peircienne. Il en sort un savoir incomparable à toute autre approche de la psychose. Quant à l’archéologie de ce discours, nous établirons l’aire que dessinent trois autres discours : le #séminaire de La Borde (clinique dirigée par Oury), recueil du savoir clinique d’Oury ; les rencontres du #GTPSI (moment important des années 1960, il est à la psychiatrie ce que les avant-gardes sont à l’art contemporain) ; l’œuvre écrite d’Oury, entre prose poétique et méditation philosophique.

      Avec Olivier Apprill et Pierre Johan Laffite.

      #audio

    • « Cadrer » le dérèglement - La « grille », Félix Guattari, exposé lors du stage de formation de la clinique de La Borde, 29 Janvier 1987.
      http://www.revue-chimeres.fr/drupal_chimeres/files/34chi01.pdf

      En ce qui me concerne, Je me suis totalement investi dans cette expérience à partir de 1955 ; bien que j’ y aie participé de façon assez suivie dès la phase préparatoire de Saumery. Et c’est durant cette période-là que se sont posés les grands problèmes qui devaient marquer l’évolution ultérieure. Assez rapidement, la clinique a augmenté sa capacité ; elle est pas- sée à soixante malades, puis quelques années plus tard à sa capacité actuelle. Corrélativement, le #personnel a augmenté et les anciennes méthodes d’#organisation consensuelle, fusionnelle, ne pouvaient évidemment plus fonctionner de la même façon. Quand je suis arrivé, j’ai commencé à m’occuper des #activités d’animation et des ateliers. J’ai contribué à la mise en place de pas mal des institutions qui devaient se maintenir de façon durable — quoique toujours en évolution. Mais, assez rapidement, j’ai été amené à m’occuper des problèmes de gestion. Durant les années antérieures, s’étaient instituées des différences de #salaires assez marquées, pour des raisons, d’ailleurs, plutôt contingentes, en raison d’arrangements qui se faisaient au fur et à mesure de l’arrivée des nouveaux membres du personnel. Tout ça pour dire qu’il y avait une situation assez floue, assez peu maîtrisée. Une des premières difficultés à laquelle je me suis trouvé confronté a été relative au #budget des ateliers, lorsqu’ils furent instaurés de façon plus systématique, avec la mise en place du Club ; l’administratrice de cette époque refusait systématiquement de les aider financièrement et il a fallu que je me substitue a elle. À côté de cela, Oury se méfiait beaucoup de quelque chose qui existait dans la plupart des établissements publics, à savoir l’existence d’ergothérapeutes ou de sociothérapeutes spécialisés qui fonctionnaient de façon autonome par rapport au reste du personnel et qui devaient d’ailleurs acquérir ulté- rieurement une qualification particulière. Ça ne nous parais- sait pas souhaitable, parce qu’au contraire on voulait à tout prix éviter que les activités ne deviennent stéréotypées, refer- mées sur elles-mêmes. Pour nous, le but n’était pas de parve- nir à stabiliser une activité particulière. Son fonctionnement ne nous intéressait que pour autant qu’il permettait d’enrichir les #rapports_sociaux, de promouvoir un certain type de #responsabilisation, aussi bien chez les #pensionnaires que dans le personnel. Donc, nous n’étions pas trop favorables à l’implantation d’ateliers standardisés (vannerie, poterie, etc.) avec le ronron du responsable qui vient faire son petit boulot à longueur d’année et avec des pensionnaires qui viennent là régulièrement, mais de façon un peu mécanique. Notre objectif de thérapie institutionnelle n’était pas de produire des objets ni même de produire de « la relation » pour elle-même, mais de développer de nouvelles formes de #subjectivité. Alors, à partir de là, toutes sortes de problèmes se posent sous un angle différent : on s’aperçoit que pour faire des #ateliers, pour développer des activités, le plus important n’est pas la qualification du personnel soignant (diplôme d’infirmier, de psychologue, etc.), mais les compétences de gens qui peuvent avoir travaillé dans le domaine agricole ou comme lingère, cuisinier, etc. Or, bien entendu, pour pouvoir suffisamment dégager ces personnes de leur service, de leur fonction et pour pouvoir les affecter au travail des ateliers et des activités rattachées au Club, il est nécessaire d’inventer de nouvelles solutions organisationnelles, parce que sinon ça déséquilibrerait les services. En fait, ça n’allait de soi d’aucun point de vue, ni dans la tête du personnel soignant, ni dans celles des personnes directement concernées. Il a donc fallu instituer un système, qu’on pourrait dire de dérèglement de l’ordre « normal » des choses, le système dit de « #la_grille », qui consiste à confectionner un organigramme évolutif où chacun a sa place en fonction 1) de tâches régulières, 2) de tâches occasionnelles, 3) de « #roulements », c’est-à-dire de de tâches collectives qu’on ne veut pas spécialiser sur une catégorie particulière de personnel (exemple : les roulements de nuit, les roulements qui consistent à venir à 5 h du matin, la vaisselle, etc.). La grille est donc un tableau à double entrée permettant de gérer collectivement les affectations individuelles par rapport aux tâches. C’est une sorte d’instrument de réglage du nécessaire dérèglement institutionnel, afin qu’il soit rendu possible, et, cela étant, pour qu’il soit « cadré ».

    • Le tact et la fonction soignante, Entretien avec Jean Oury... ou la question de la complexité...
      https://www.s-passformation.fr/actualites/le-tact-et-la-fonction-soignante-entretien-avec-le-dr-oury-ou-la-que

      L’invisible (Lo Invisible) - Entrevista a Jean Oury - Nicolas Philibert
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BG0yOfIlUc0

      « moi je suis un soignant toi t’est un soigné mais ça veut rien dire, c’est une fonction »

      #fonction_soignante #tact #vie_quotidienne #le_singulier #transfert #transfert_dissocié #potentiel_soignant #aseptie #greffes_d'ouvert #passerelles #isolés #la_moindre_des_choses #l'avec