• Le point sur les projets de gazoducs par le Ministre de l’énergie russe, Alexandre Novak
    (en deuxième partie, après les considérations sur les « négociations » entre l’Ukraine et la Russie…)

    Russia may ease Ukraine’s gas terms, but Kiev must settle its bills | Reuters
    http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/11/us-russia-crisis-novak-gas-idUSKBN0M70IQ20150311

    Russia has a long-term goal of bypassing Ukraine as a transit country. It ships around 40 percent of its gas to Europe via Ukraine, while the rest goes via Belarus, Moldova, the Nord Stream subsea pipeline to Germany and the Blue Stream subsea pipeline to Turkey.

    In December last year it canceled plans to build the South Stream gas pipeline under the Black Sea to Bulgaria and onwards into southeast Europe.

    It is now planning an alternative export route, unofficially called Turkish Stream, with a capacity of 63 bcm per year.

    Instead of extending the pipeline further to Europe, Gazprom now plans to sell its gas at a hub on the Turkish-Greek border, requiring those European countries who want access to the gas to build links to the hub.

    Now counties should be building (onshore links) on their own. The routes could be different - they may come to Italy if they want. This is not our business anymore,” he said.

    Novak added that the costs of the offshore parts of Turkish Stream would be “comparable” to those of the South Stream project. The budget to build the offshore section of South Stream was previously estimated at up to 17 billion euros ($18.3 billion).

    Russia is also planning to ramp up gas exports to Asia to reduce its reliance on sales to Europe.

    Russia plans to ship gas to China via two yet-to-be-built pipelines: Power of Siberia, supplied exclusively by two Siberian gas fields, and Altai, which is to connect the Russian gas pipeline system from West to East.

    Russia and China reached agreement on the Power of Siberia pipeline last May. Novak said he hoped for a firm contract for Altai in the first half of this year.

    These (two) projects are not linked to each other... (The contract signed last May) will be implemented irrespective of whether Altai happens or not,” Novak said.

    He added that Russia was sticking to plans to deliver its first gas to China via Power of Siberia at the end of 2018 or start of 2019. Russia and China are not discussing a pre-payment or loan for the Power of Siberia project anymore, he said.

    Donc, Gazprom laisse l’Europe se débrouiller à partir de la frontière turque : le « troisième paquet » sera respecté.

  • #Serbie : que faire après l’abandon de #South_Stream ?

    Que faire après l’abandon du projet South Stream ? Une bonne question pour Belgrade comme pour les autres pays des Balkans, qui comptaient beaucoup sur des investissements russes. De son côté, Moscou propose déjà aux États de la région de participer à un nouveau projet de #Gazoduc qui passerait par la Turquie...


    http://balkans.courriers.info/article26732.html
    #gaz #énergie

  • The Revival of South Stream on the Horizon
    http://neweasterneurope.eu/articles-and-commentary/1505-the-revival-of-south-stream-on-the-horizon

    Russia encourages its allies in the EU to participate in the Turkish Stream project which is aimed at delivering Russian gas to Central Europe. This initiative may be a threat to Ukraine’s position as well as a threat to the Southern Gas Corridor, a key European diversification initiative. Implementation of new Russian plans would be in fact a revival of the abandoned (?) South Stream project. Some European countries are ready to help Russia in the implementation of its business plans, although they might not serve the EU’s interest well.
     
    Hungary, indirectly, by its statements on energy policy, supported the Slavkov Triangle’s (Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia) stand in the matter of energy cooperation with Russia. These countries see no obstacles in strengthening economic ties with the Kremlin in spite of the Ukrainian war. Viktor Orban recently paid a tribute to Vladimir Putin who visited Budapest on February 17th. Orban has been selling the Hungarian energy sector to Russia step by step. In exchange for lower gas bills and more flexible conditions of the gas deal, he accepted a Russian loan, nuclear deal on building new reactors in the city of Paks by Rosatom and agreed to not export purchased Russian gas to Ukraine. The latter is the most important thing.
     
    Russians now dictate to Orban to whom he can or cannot sell gas which is against the EU law. According to the EU regulations, each state has a full right to sell gas to any other country. Gazprom does not want this to happen because the situation in which its customers trade Russian gas between each other is highly uneconomic for the company which has been recently losing its firm position on the European market.
    (…)
    From Russia’s point of view one thing in gas relations is particularly important in this matter – to deprive Ukraine of the status of a transit country. If that happens, the Kremlin could easily cut off Ukraine from Russian gas and, thus, influence its politics. The Turkish Stream is an essential project to achieve this geopolitical goal.
     
    Slovak gas pipeline operator Eustream has offered its customers in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania and ex-Yugoslav states to deliver western European gas to them within the frames of the Eastring project. It is a project aimed at modernisation of gas infrastructure in Romania, Moldova and Balkan countries (primarily Bulgaria) and building new gas pipelines to connect the region with Western gas markets. According to Slovak Eustream, it could be implemented within three years. The project was already supported by Bulgaria and Romania. Slovakia wants to discuss this project with the EU, more specifically, Austria and France in order to specify the source of supplies.
     
    Although Slovakia presents Eastring as a chance to provide gas from well developed, western European markets such as Germany to Central Europe, it could also serve as a replacement of the European part of the South Stream and a way to deliver Russian gas to Europe, via Turkish Stream. Slovakia and Hungary are ready to follow Russian interests in this case. Mirek Topolanek (not to be confused with the former Czech PM), Eustream’s external relations special representative has already admitted that Eastring is not going to compete with the Turkish Stream. Moreover, according to Topolanek, they may even be complementary as Eastring could also provide Russian gas to Western Europe.
     
    Topolanek’s statements are contradictory to the primary Eustream’s goal which was to transport gas from Western Europe to Central and Southern Europe. Thus, it appears that states interested in Eastring which are, at the same time, supporters of Russian interests which will allow Russia to connect Eastring with the Turkish Stream.
     
    It would mean, in fact, an implementation of the South Stream project in a complicated form, without waiting for the permission from Brussels. This would push the EU to face the policy of fait accompli. Russia adopted a similar strategy against Poland few years ago. When the European Commission gave the green light to the Nord Stream pipeline, Russia offered Poland a chance to take part in it. Poland, however, was not interested so it can now buy Russian gas from the German market which makes more sense as it is cheaper than gas transported through Belarus and Ukraine. However, the aim of Nord Stream has been to bypass Poland and other transit countries and send Russian gas to Western Europe directly; of course, if the European Comission allows it to develop with exemptions from EU law.
     
    The connection of Eastring with the Turkish Stream would provide the Balkans with a significant quantity of gas so it would not need to seek Caspian gas sent through the Southern Gas Corridor. This situation would not only mean a de facto revival of the South Stream but it would lead Russia to make its other geopolitical goal come true – cutting off Europe from the gas resources of the Caspian Sea, a key diversification alternative. It would happen by reserving the demand by Turkish Stream volumes. A blockade of the Southern Gas Corridor by Greece’s Syriza would be in this case the icing on the cake. Greece wants to maximise its profits from the Trans Adriatic Pipeline, a project which will bring natural gas from Turkish TANAPto southern Italy (both are parts of the Southern Gas Corridor project) but Azerbaijan does not want to make any concessions. The new Greek populist government may react nervously.
    (…)
    The Energy Union, a concept presented on February 25th in Brussels is a chance to react properly to Russia’s attempts to monopolise the energy markets in Central and Southern Europe. During the presentation of the Energy Union, the European Commission has also declared that its antitrust case against Gazprom will be concluded “within a few weeks”. But will it really happen?

    Très intéressant article sur les approvisionnements en gaz de l’Europe. À lire intégralement (même si j’ai mis de larges extraits…)

  • Abandon de #South_Stream : la #Serbie en veut au « grand frère russe »

    Après les pressions de Moscou pour que Belgrade rembourse sa dette de 200 millions d’euros vis-à-vis de #Gazprom, voilà que la Serbie apprend que Poutine arrête South Stream et prévoit de détourner son #gazoduc vers la Turquie. Pas de quoi réchauffer les relations avec le « grand frère russe » à qui Vučić fait pourtant les yeux doux depuis son arrivée au pouvoir.


    http://balkans.courriers.info/article26138.html
    #gaz #énergie #Russie

  • Russia to reduce gas price for Turkey by 6 pct
    http://www.todayszaman.com/latest-news_russia-to-reduce-gas-price-for-turkey-by-6-pct_365874.html

    Mais en contrepartie...

    Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller said that his company signed a memorandum on building a new Turkey-bound pipeline under the Black Sea, which would be capable of pumping about 63 billion cubic meters to Turkey, the same capacity as the South Stream.

    If Erdoğan accepts the Russian offer of forming an energy alliance, it would mark a sharp policy change for Turkey that so far has served as a major transit route for oil and gas resources from the Caspian and Central region to the west, bypassing Russia. The United States and the European Union have strongly backed energy exports via Turkey as a way of reducing the continent’s dependence on Russia’s energy resources.

    Putin added a sweetener, saying that Russia will offer a 6 percent price discount for its gas supplies to Turkey starting next year and could offer an even better deal if the two countries reach an agreement on deeper energy cooperation

    #Gazoduc #Russie #Turquie

  • Crise ukrainienne : Poutine suspend un projet de gazoduc vers le sud de l’Europe
    http://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2014/12/02/poutine-suspend-le-projet-de-gazoduc-south-stream-conteste-par-l-europe_4532

    Il s’agit de l’une des premières conséquences des sanctions européennes à l’égard de la Russie dans le contexte de la crise en Ukraine. Le président russe, Vladimir Poutine, a annoncé, lundi 1er décembre, la suspension du projet russo-italien de gazoduc South Stream.

    Porté par le géant gazier russe Gazprom, le projet, d’un coût évalué à 16 milliards d’euros, est destiné à approvisionner l’Europe en gaz russe en contournant l’Ukraine. Long de 3 600 kilomètres et d’une capacité estimée à 63 milliards de mètres cubes par an, il devait relier la Russie à l’Europe du Sud en passant par la Bulgarie pour contourner le territoire ukrainien. Le chantier avait été lancé en décembre 2012.

    Mais en juin la Russie avait accusé l’Union européenne (UE) de faire pression sur certains de ses Etats membres, notamment la Bulgarie, pour qu’ils suspendent leur participation au projet. « Comme nous n’avons toujours pas reçu la permission de la Bulgarie, nous pensons que dans la situation actuelle la Russie ne peut pas poursuivre la réalisation de ce projet », a déclaré M. Poutine à l’occasion d’une visite en Turquie.

    Conséquence des sanctions ? ou poursuite d’une politique de longue date de l’UE (cf. p. ex. http://seenthis.net/messages/265547 les « pressions » datent, au moins de décembre 2013, les premières sanctions de l’annexion de la Crimée en mars 2014)

    Je complète donc les implicites du passage ci-dessus…

    La Russie [paranoïaque, comme toujours] avait [à tort] accusé l’UE de faire pression sur certains États membres…

  • Russian Ambassador : We will reach agreement on Mongolian issues | The UB Post
    http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/?p=11350

    Zuunii Medee spoke frankly with with I.K.Azizov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to Mongolia, ahead of President Putin’s upcoming state visit, and discussed bilateral relations and upcoming negotiations.
    We have only two neighbor countries and our citizens have always shown a fondness for Russia. Even now, we use the term “brothers”.
    It’s probably a tradition from the Soviet Union. I know that in Asia, fraternity is designated as older or younger brothers. I guess that the word “brother” is respectful, but I prohibit using this term, because I don’t want to insult Mongolians by saying something domineering, like “You’re our younger brothers and we are your older brothers.” Therefore, we can’t define our current relations this way.

    Réponse très diplomatique, sachant qu’effectivement il y a deux mots frère en mongol selon qu’il s’agit du grand frère (ах) ou du petit frère (дүү)…

    Mongolians are expecting so much from Putin’s visit. For example, setting gas lines from Russia to China through Mongolia. Of course, the Ulaanbaatariin Tunkhaglal (UB Declaration) is an important document. However, we can’t see improvements to economic ties and investment issues. We haven’t implemented any major economic projects. Do you think we will establish an agreement on a project which could be an economic boom?
    We have been looking for chances to strengthen our friendly relations. I don’t agree with you that there have been no improvements to bilateral relations since 2000. If we want to use the term “boom”, cancelling 97.8 percent of Mongolian debt can apply. This set the Mongolian economy free and positively influenced drawing in external investment for multilateral projects.
    (…)
    Then will the issue on setting up a gas line through Mongolia be approached again? Or has it already been decided that the gas line from Russia to China will not pass through Mongolia?
    As President Putin said, setting the gas line to the east is already obvious, but it won’t pass through Mongolia. Also, we are planning to set up a gas line to China in the west. We are actively discussing the operation of those gas lines with the Chinese side.
    What is your opinion on bilateral visa exemptions?
    We have information that from Mongolia to Russia, 600,000 people travel in duplicated numbers, whereas from Russia to Mongolia, it’s 100,000 people. From our experience, we’ve noticed that after exempting visa requirements, the number of travelers surges. If we reach this agreement on visa exemption, then multilateral relations will improve in business, humanity, culture, science, education, sport and tourism.

    Pas de #gazoduc à travers la #Mongolie

  • Недовольство США не помешало Лаврову обсудить « Южный поток » в Словении - Известия

    http://izvestia.ru/news/573618

    Les Izvetsia raconte la guyerre des tubes... Ls Russes savecnt que ls américains redoublent d’effort pour empêcher les slovèbes et ls bulgares de faire un accord avec moscou pour le passage du South Stream (les Américains doivent croire que Nabucco est encore vivant).

    Госдепартамент посылал руководству Словении сигналы о нежелательности приема у себя главы МИД России

    Руководство США не оставляет попыток воспрепятствовать строительству газопровода «Южный поток» в Европе, для чего используются все методы, включая откровенное давление на руководство стран — участниц проекта. Очередное подтверждение этого было получено 8 июля во время визита главы МИД России Сергея Лаврова в Марибор, что на северо-востоке страны, неподалеку от границы с Австрией. Российский министр прибыл туда из Болгарии, где накануне также обсуждалось строительство трубопровода для поставки российского топлива.

    #gaz #gazoduc #guerre_du_gaz #russe #ue #europs #slovénie #bulgarie

  • Le parlement ukrainien ouvre la voie à la privatisation des gazoducs, à hauteur de 49%.
    Qui va investir dans un ensemble dépendant à 100% d’un client unique, Gazprom ?

    U.S., EU Unlikely to Invest in Ukraine’s Gas System, Analysts Say | Business | The Moscow Times
    http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/us-eu-unlikely-to-invest-in-ukraines-gas-system-analysts-say/503022.html

    Ukraine’s move Friday toward attempting to sell nearly 50 percent in its gas pipeline system to EU and U.S. investors does not mean that Western buyers will rush to take up the offer, as the system’s value depends on a steady supply of Russian gas, energy analysts told The Moscow Times.

    Amid the current standoff with Russia over unpaid bills for gas imports, Ukraine’s parliament passed a bill in its first reading Friday that envisages the creation of a Ukrainian gas transportation operator of which European and U.S. investors could own up to 49 percent.
    (…)
    The bill excludes Russia from ownership in the system by only accepting as shareholders companies owned and controlled by residents of the EU, U.S. or European Energy Community, of which Ukraine is a member but Russia is not. The company must also belong to the European Network of Transmission System Operators of Gas. The same conditions apply for operators of Ukraine’s subterranean natural gas storage facilities.
    (…)
    But Europe and the U.S. are unlikely to invest in the proposed transport system, according to Sergei Pikin, director of the Moscow-based energy consultancy and engineering firm Energy Development Fund.

    “So far we have not seen any companies express an interest in this arrangement. Who will be interested in an asset that is dependent on gas from a third party — Russia?” he said.

  • Gazoduc South Stream : l’allemand Siemens livrera des équipements | Économie | RIA Novosti
    http://fr.ria.ru/business/20140404/200912024.html

    Le groupe allemand Siemens fournira des équipements pour le tronçon sous-marin du gazoduc South Stream conformément à un contrat signé avec South Stream Transport B.V., a annoncé le groupe public russe Gazprom dans un communiqué.

    « South Stream Transport B.V. et Siemens AG ont signé un contrat sur la livraison de systèmes électrotechniques et de contrôle pour le tronçon sous-marin du gazoduc South Stream. Aux termes du contrat, Siemens AG livrera des équipements de télécommunications et des systèmes de contrôle automatique et de gestion pour les points d’arrivée à terre du gazoduc en Russie et en Bulgarie ainsi que des équipements pour les salles de contrôle centrale et de réserve de la société South Stream Transport », lit-on dans le communiqué.

    Gazprom ne précise pas le montant du contrat.

    Le gazoduc South Stream

    D’une capacité de 63 milliards de m³ de gaz par an, le projet South Stream est appelé à réduire la dépendance des fournisseurs et des consommateurs vis-à-vis des pays transitaires, en l’occurrence l’Ukraine. Le gazoduc, qui comprendra quatre conduites de 15,75 milliards de m³ chacune, doit atteindre sa pleine capacité en 2018. Une partie du pipeline passera par le fond de la mer Noire, dans les eaux territoriales turques, et reliera le littoral russe au littoral bulgare.

    Le projet est financé par le russe Gazprom (50%), l’italien Eni (20%), Wintershall et EDF (15% chacun)

    #Gazprom
    #Gazoduc-South-Stream
    #Siemens-AG
    #Gazprom (50%), l’italien #Eni (20%), #Wintershall et #EDF (15%
    #mer-Noire
    #Turquie
    #Russie
    #Bulgarie
    #Ukraine

    • Une partie du pipeline passera par le fond de la mer Noire, dans les eaux territoriales turques, et reliera le littoral russe au littoral bulgare.

      Justement, avec l’annexion de la Crimée, la Russie va peut-être pouvoir revoir le tracé et faire des économies :) Ils avaient fait un accord avec la Turquie justement parce que l’Ukraine avait refusé l’utilisation de leur plateau continental à l’époque.

  • Tutti i gasdotti che passano dall’Ucraina, in una mappa

    L’entrata in carica del presidente filorusso Viktor Janukovič, nel 2010, aveva appianato le controversie energetiche tra Mosca e Kiev. La firma nell’aprile del 2010 di un trattato bilaterale aveva garantito all’Ucraina di continuare a beneficiare di prezzi scontati sul gas russo, con una riduzione pari al 30 per cento sul prezzo di mercato.

    L’Ucraina ha delle riserve di gas naturale pari a 1.100 miliardi di metri cubi, ma soprattutto è la via principale per il transito del gas russo verso l’Europa: l’80 per cento passa dal territorio ucraino.

    Il paese guadagna circa tre miliardi di dollari all’anno grazie alle tasse di transito. In tutto in Ucraina ci sono circa 40mila chilometri di gasdotti.

    http://www.internazionale.it/news/ucraina/2014/02/28/tutti-i-gasdotti-che-passano-dallucraina-in-una-mappa

    #Ukraine #gazoduc #gaz #carte #cartographie #visualisation

    via @albertocampiphoto

  • Gazprom Agreements on South Stream Breach EU Law; Bulgaria and Serbia Ask EU to Negotiate with Russia | The Jamestown Foundation

    http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=41736&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=d

    The construction of the South Stream natural gas pipeline was effectively put on hold after the European Commission (EC) announced that Russia’s bilateral agreements with Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia, Greece and Austria were in breach of European Union law. Klaus-Dieter Borchardt, director for energy markets at the European Commission, told a meeting at the European Parliament on December 4 that the inter-governmental agreements must be renegotiated from scratch.

    The EC warned that if Russia refuses to renegotiate the contract conditions, the five EU member states and Serbia, which is a member of the EU-backed Energy Community, must suspend implementation of their agreements with Gazprom or will face heavy penalties (Capital Weekly, EurActiv, December 5; Duma, Sofia News Agency, December 6).

    #énergie #gazprom #southstream #gaz #gazoducs #guerre_du_gaz #nabucco

  • 3 minutes pour comprendre : les enjeux énergétiques de la guerre en Syrie - Web-reportages - La Vie
    http://www.lavie.fr/medias/webreportages/3-minutes-pour-comprendre-les-enjeux-energetiques-de-la-guerre-en-syrie-05-09-

    3 minutes pour comprendre : les enjeux énergétiques de la guerre en Syrie
    ANNE GUION
    CRÉÉ LE 05/09/2013 / MODIFIÉ LE 05/09/2013 À 17H41

    En sous-main du conflit syrien, la rivalité entre le Qatar et l’Iran autour du champ gazier le plus important du monde et les intérêts géostratégiques des pays du Golfe. Explications en 3 minutes avec notre carte interactive :

    http://youtu.be/QztgjFSPwfA

    #Syrie
    #Qatar
    #Iran
    #Gazoduc
    #Gaz

  • Début des travaux de repérage pour le gazoduc trans Adriatique (TAP)

    TAP starts land easement and acquisition for pipeline construction - AzerNews
    http://www.azernews.az/oil_and_gas/59163.html

    According to the report, TAP has authorized its contractors to start surveys for collecting detailed information on the landowners living along the pipeline corridor to complement the existing cadastral data.
    (…)
    The goal is to identify rightful land owners, establish property boundaries and evaluate the affected properties. TAP’s LEA process is based on acquiring access rights to land, in order to establish access for the pipeline.
    TAP will require temporary access to land for the construction strip where the pipeline will be buried and permanent access to land for installations such as compressor stations, block valve stations, etc. Following construction, TAP will also require land easements for the pipeline corridor and safety zones.
    (…)
    Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) was hired as contractor for LEA activities. RHDHV is an international engineering and project management service provider and consultancy, based in the Netherlands.
    In 2014 TAP plans to enter into agreements with landowners regulating how the access to land can be granted. Royal HaskoningDHV will be contacting all affected landowners in the next months; it will mobilise a team of 200 staff members t o carry out LEA activities in Greece, Albania and Italy.

  • Syria intervention plans fuelled by oil interests, not chemical weapon concerns | Nafeez Ahmed | Environment | theguardian.com
    http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2013/aug/30/syria-chemical-attack-war-intervention-oil-gas-energy-pipelines

    In 2009 - the same year former French foreign minister Dumas alleges the British began planning operations in Syria - Assad refused to sign a proposed agreement with Qatar that would run a pipeline from the latter’s North field, contiguous with Iran’s South Pars field, through Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria and on to Turkey, with a view to supply European markets - albeit crucially bypassing Russia. Assad’s rationale was “to protect the interests of [his] Russian ally, which is Europe’s top supplier of natural gas.”

    Instead, the following year, Assad pursued negotiations for an alternative $10 billion pipeline plan with Iran, across Iraq to Syria, that would also potentially allow Iran to supply gas to Europe from its South Pars field shared with Qatar. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the project was signed in July 2012 - just as Syria’s civil war was spreading to Damascus and Aleppo - and earlier this year Iraq signed a framework agreement for construction of the gas pipelines.

    The Iran-Iraq-Syria pipeline plan was a “direct slap in the face” to Qatar’s plans. No wonder Saudi Prince Bandar bin Sultan, in a failed attempt to bribe Russia to switch sides, told President Vladmir Putin that “whatever regime comes after” Assad, it will be “completely” in Saudi Arabia’s hands and will “not sign any agreement allowing any Gulf country to transport its gas across Syria to Europe and compete with Russian gas exports”, according to diplomatic sources. When Putin refused, the Prince vowed military action.

    It would seem that contradictory self-serving Saudi and Qatari oil interests are pulling the strings of an equally self-serving oil-focused US policy in Syria, if not the wider region. It is this - the problem of establishing a pliable opposition which the US and its oil allies feel confident will play ball, pipeline-style, in a post-Assad Syria - that will determine the nature of any prospective intervention: not concern for Syrian life.

    #Syrie #Russie #Arabie_saoudite #Iran #Europe #Bandar #gazoducs #pipelines

  • La Syrie, un pays de transit et production énergétiques très convoité ! « Le blog A Lupus un regard hagard sur Lécocomics et ses finances
    http://leblogalupus.com/2013/09/06/la-syrie-un-pays-de-transit-et-production-energetiques-tres-convoite

    Les menaces d’intervention en Syrie font trembler les marchés des matières premières ces derniers jours. Notamment ceux du pétrole. Damas n’est pas un important producteur d’or noir mais sa position centrale dans la région et les risques de débordement du conflit chez les voisins iraniens ou irakiens font craindre le pire. Cette position stratégique est d’ailleurs plus convoitée que les ressources de pétrole et de gaz du pays, relativement modestes par rapport aux voisins. 

    • Le pétrole

    Question production, la Syrie reste très loin de l’Arabie Saoudite, de l’Iran ou de l’Irak, membres de l’Opep dont la production tourne autour de 3 à 10 millions de barils par jours (bpj). Au plus fort de son activité, à la fin des années 1990, le pays produisait près de 610.000 bpj, selon une fiche du Trésor français, datée de 2011. Depuis, la production d’or noir n’a cessé de décliner. Après avoir atteint 400.000 bpj en moyenne pendant la période 2008/2010, la production a reculé à 380.000 barils de brut par jour au début de la crise en mars 2011, avant de chuter à 153.000 bpj en octobre 2012. Début août, après plus de deux ans de guerre civile, ce chiffre est tombé à 39.000 barils par jour.

    Avant les sanctions européennes, ce pétrole était essentiellement exporté vers l’Europe grâce à trois terminaux installés sur la Méditerranée. Le pays tirait une grande partie de ses revenus d’exportations de la vente de son or noir. Les embargos avaient pour but d’accroître la pression financière sur le régime du président Bachar el-Assad.......

    #Syrie
    #Pétrole
    #Ressources_minières
    #Total
    #gaz_naturel
    #pipelines
    #gazoduc
    #Arab_Gas_Pipeline

  • European Union’s Nabucco pipeline project aborted - World Socialist Web Site

    http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/07/13/nabu-j13.html

    European Union’s Nabucco pipeline project aborted
    By Clara Weiss
    13 July 2013

    The Nabucco pipeline project, which was to have transported gas from the Caspian Sea to Europe in order to bypass Russia, has been cancelled.

    The pipeline, sponsored by the European Union (EU), had already been reduced last summer in length from the original 3,900 km to 1,300 km. The eastern section, which was to have run from Azerbaijan across Georgia and Turkey to the Bulgarian border, was abandoned. Instead, the Trans Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP), funded by Azerbaijan and Turkey, is due to come into operation in 2018.

    #nabucco #gazoducs #russie #europe #guerre_du_gaz

  • Kabariti: New Egyptian gas cuts will increase electricity company’s woesJordan - Zawya
    http://www.zawya.com/story/Kabariti_New_Egyptian_gas_cuts_will_increase_electricity_companys_woes-ZAWYA20130708041215/?lok=041200130707&&zawyaemailmarketing

    Un nouvel attentat contre le gazoduc égypto-jordanien (le 16ème ou le 17ème...).

    Amman - Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Malik Kabariti said that disruption in the Egyptian gas supplies to Jordan caused by a bomb attack on the Sinai pipeline early Sunday would exacerbate the national electricity company’s losses as it was forced to switch to costlier heavy fuels.
    The company had accumulated over JD1.2 billion in losses due to disruption in Egyptian gas exports to Jordan following a series of bomb blasts, occurring over the last two years, targeting the Sinai desert pipeline that feeds the Kingdom’s power plants.
    Egyptian authorities reported today that bombers attacked the pipeline at dawn today near the city of El Arish, bringing supplies to a total halt.
    In a statement issued here, the minister said contact was being established with Egyptian officials to know more about the extent of the damage and also about time required for repairs before pumping resumes.
    Kabariti said today’s attack on the pipeline was the sixteenth, and added that the national oil refinery and electricity company were struggling to meet the needs of the power plants, relying on alternative fuels like diesel and heavy fuels “to ensure uninterrupted high-quality electricity supply to the citizens.”

    © Jordan News Agency - Petra 2013

    #électricité
    #gazoduc
    #JOrdanie
    #Egypte

  • La Suisse dans la constellation européenne du gaz

    Un consortium helvético-norvégien est en lice pour construire un gazoduc reliant la Turquie à l’Europe. L’envers du décor montre les intérêts croisés entre les producteurs suisses et la politique énergétique de la Confédération.

    http://www.lacite.info/la-suisse-dans-la-constellation-europeenne-du-gaz

    #gaz #suisse #norvege #energie #gazoduc #turquie

  • East Mediterranean Gas – what kind of a game-changer ? | Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
    http://www.oxfordenergy.org/2012/12/east-mediterranean-gas-what-kind-of-a-game-changer

    The discovery of sizable gas resources in the Levant Basin, a geological structure that straddles the territorial waters of Cyprus, Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, and Syria, has the potential to be game-changing for the East Mediterranean region. Hitherto net energy importers, these countries are now faced with the prospect of long-term energy self-sufficiency and the development of a new revenue stream for the economy. With the resource potential of the Levant Basin believed to be much higher than the 35 Tcf of gas discovered recently, the East Mediterranean is now the focus of much interest on the part of major upstream investors. However, in the short to medium term, the development and monetisation of these resources present stakeholders with a set of challenges originating in the region’s complex political make-up, as well as in the fact that their energy and gas utilisation policies are still work in progress, over and above the technical difficulties relating to the development of these resources. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities that have been given rise to by these discoveries, arguing that to 2020 East Mediterranean gas is more likely to be a game-changer for local energy systems than for regional and international gas markets.

    Très intéressante étude, bien documentée, à la fois sur le plan économique et géopolitique. Plusieurs cartes intéressantes.
    Pour résumer : ils ont trouvé (ou espèrent trouver) du gaz, mais comme ils sont dans l’état incapables de se l’échanger entre eux et que l’exportation via la Turquie ou via la Grèce ou via la liquéfaction vers des méthaniers est très compliquée, politiquement techniquement et financièrement, ils ne sont pas rendus...
    #Israël #Liban #Jordanie #Syrie #Chypre #Grèce #Turquie #gaz_naturel #gazoduc #Egypte
    Voir aussi : La guerre de l’énergie Israël / Palestine : http://rumor.hypotheses.org/2552

  • L’autre dimension de la crise syrienne... | À La Une | L’Orient-Le Jour
    http://www.lorientlejour.com/category/%C3%80+La+Une/article/785614/L%27autre_dimension__de_la_crise_syrienne....html

    La rivalité russo-turque en Méditerranée orientale doit se lire à la lumière des nouvelles perspectives d’exploitation gazière en Méditerranée, pour laquelle la Turquie est prête à jouer un rôle clé pour le forage (par ses firmes) comme pour le transport. De ce fait, elle entre en concurrence directe avec la Russie pour l’approvisionnement de l’Europe.
    Question : est ce qu’une conséquence de ce raisonnement ne serait pas que la Russie a des intérêts en commun avec Israël ?

    la crise syrienne a pris désormais une nouvelle dimension pour se transformer en conflit géo-énergétique. Ce qui ne rend pas sa solution plus facile, bien au contraire. Pour ce diplomate, à toutes les dimensions existant déjà, il faut donc désormais ajouter celle de l’énergie qui oppose essentiellement la Turquie à la Russie. C’est d’ailleurs pour cette raison que l’appui de la Russie au régime de Bachar el-Assad est devenu une position de principe et il n’est donc plus tributaire d’un contexte précis ni susceptible d’être modifié selon l’évolution d’éventuelles tractations.

  • Attentat contre un champ gazier au Yémen, l’unique gazoduc reste intact | La-Croix.com
    http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Monde/Attentat-contre-un-champ-gazier-au-Yemen-l-unique-gazoduc-reste-intact-_NG

    Un attentat a visé mardi 4 septembre un puits gazier dans le centre du Yémen, mais l’unique gazoduc du pays, détenu en partie par Total, n’a pas été endommagé, selon des sources pétrolières et la compagnie Yemen LNG dont relève le gazoduc.

    #Yémen #gazoduc #tube

  • South Stream : Poutine recevra son homologue serbe le 11 septembre à Sotchi | International | RIA Novosti

    http://fr.rian.ru/trend/SouthStream

    Dossiers : Le gazoduc South Stream

    Le projet de gazoduc South Stream, promu depuis 2007 par le russe Gazprom et l’italien Eni, reliera la Russie à l’Europe centrale et méridionale sous les mers Noire et Adriatique et réduira la dépendance des acheteurs et fournisseurs de gaz envers les pays de transit, dont l’Ukraine et la Turquie.

    Le président russe Vladimir Poutine accueillera le 11 septembre à Sotchi (mer Noire) son homologue serbe Tomislav Nikolic pour évoquer entre autres la mise en œuvre du projet de gazoduc South Stream, rapporte mardi le service de presse du Kremlin.

    #russie #énergie #gazoducs #southstream