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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 16/11/2023
    1
    @gonzo
    1
    @visionscarto

    A New Tool Allows Researchers to Track Damage in #Gaza

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/Screenshot-2023-11-15-at-14.32.32-1200x535.png

    As the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) continue to bomb the Gaza Strip, many researchers are attempting to track and quantify the damage to the territory’s buildings, infrastructure and the displacement of the local population.

    A new tool, originally developed to estimate damage in Ukraine, has now been adapted and applied to Gaza. The tool can estimate the number of damaged buildings and the pre-war population in a given area within the Gaza Strip.

    The tool has already been used by a number of media outlets, but it is freely available for anyone to use and we have outlined its key features below.

    The coloured overlay on this map is a damage proxy map indicating the probability of a significant change occurring at particular locations since October 10, 2023. Users can click the “draw polygon” button to draw an area of interest on the map — for example, a particular neighbourhood.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image1-4-1200x538.png

    To understand how the tool works, let’s look at the neighbourhood of Izbat Beit Hanoun, which sustained heavy damage visible in these high-resolution, before-and-after satellite images from Planet:

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image4-3-1200x654.png

    The row of apartment complexes in the north of the neighbourhood near the road has been razed. Lower-density areas in the centre and northeast of the neighbourhood have also sustained heavy damage. Airstrikes have also destroyed several of the apartment complexes in the southwest.

    Below is the damage probability map generated by the tool, highlighting many of these areas:

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image3-4-1200x668.png

    Drawing a box over this neighbourhood allows us to roughly quantify the number of buildings – and people- affected by the destruction.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/Screenshot-2023-11-15-at-14.56.58.png

    In the neighbourhood of Izbat Beit Hanoun, the tool estimates that there are 321-425 damaged buildings (73 — 97%), displayed with colours above. The tool also estimates that in the area of interest there was a pre-war population of 7,453, of which 4756 – 6304 lived in areas that are now likely to be damaged.
    How it Works

    Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery has been used extensively in academic studies of building damage, and by groups like NASA following the 2020 explosion at the port of Beirut. NASA explains the use of SAR for building damage detection as follows: “SAR instruments send pulses of microwaves toward Earth’s surface and listen for the reflections of those waves. The radar waves can penetrate cloud cover, vegetation, and the dark of night to detect changes that might not show up in visible light imagery. […] When buildings have been damaged or toppled, the amplitude and phase of radar wave reflections changes in those areas and indicate to the satellite that something on the ground has changed.”

    The application above detects damaged areas by measuring the change in the intensity of the radar waves reflected back to the Sentinel-1 satellite before and after October 10, 2023, adjusted for how noisy the signal is in both periods. A more detailed explanation of the algorithm (which was peer-reviewed for a conference) is available here, and a walkthrough (including code) applied to the 2020 Beirut explosion is available here.

    Once likely damaged areas have been identified, the damage probability map is combined with building footprints from Microsoft. Footprints in which significant change has occurred are classified as damaged. This yields a count (and proportion) of estimated damaged buildings within an area.

    To get a rough idea of the number of people affected in a given area, population data are sourced from the LandScan program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The data are provided at the level of 90 metres. These population estimates are generated by merging current data on building structures, occupancy rates and infrastructure. Because these are estimates, they are subject to some level of error. They also predate the current conflict and are thus not meant to be interpreted as a count of actual or potential civilian casualties. You can read more about LandScan data here.
    Accuracy

    To assess the accuracy of the damage detection algorithm, damage points from the UN Satellite Office (UNOSAT) were used for validation. These are generated by manually combing through high-resolution satellite imagery and tagging visibly damaged buildings. Below is the same image of Izbat Beit Hanoun, with UNOSAT damage points overlaid in white.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image6-1.png

    In the images above, the colourful overlay is a damage probability map. Darker colours indicate a higher probability that a significant change occurred after October 10, 2023.

    The UNOSAT damage points are available under the “Layers” tab in the top right corner of the tool. It should be noted that UNOSAT carried out the assessment on November 7 and that damage has occurred since then.

    Geolocated Footage

    To get an additional source of validation data, geolocated footage of strikes and destruction in Gaza are available under the “Layers” tab in the top right, and are displayed as blue triangles.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image5-5.png

    These are sourced from Geoconfirmed, a community-based geolocating network. Clicking on a geolocated event will open a panel in the top right, showing a brief description of the event, the date, a link to the source media, and a link to the geolocation of the event.

    In the example below, clicking on a geolocated event in the heavily damaged Tal al-Hawa neighbourhood reveals that Gaza City’s International Eye Hospital appears to have been hit by an airstrike.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image6-3.png

    Clicking on “Source Media” shows the following image of the eye hospital.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image10-4.png

    Clicking on “Geolocation” displays the following tweet, which uses the visible characteristics of the building itself and adjacent buildings to locate the picture.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/11/image2-5.png

    Further research confirms that the International Eye Hospital was subsequently completely destroyed.

    It should be noted that the geolocations have not been independently verified by the creators of the tool and are automatically added to the map as they become available. Nevertheless, these geolocations are an important additional source of preliminary information. As of the date of publication, there were 541 geolocated events in the Gaza Strip. The tool automatically adds new geolocations as they become available.
    Important Caveats

    While this tool can help us better understand the devastating impact of IDF strikes on Gaza, there are a number of important caveats to bear in mind when using it.

    The first is that this tool detects any significant changes that have occurred in Gaza since October 10, 2023. The vast majority of these changes are likely related to conflict damage, but not all. For example, placing a large number of tents on a previously open field would be detected, since this would change the amplitude of the signal reflected back to the Sentinel-1 satellite from that patch of land.

    Second, because of the way the algorithm functions, older damage will be more confidently detected than newer damage. Thus, while the tool updates automatically as new imagery becomes available, it may take some time for newer damage to become visible. Other SAR-based methods can produce accurate estimates of damaged areas on a particular date. The Decentralized Damage Monitoring Group is working on such methodologies, with the aim of publicly disseminating damage maps that show not only where damage has occurred, but when.

    Finally, the assessment of population exposure is not a measure of actual or potential civilian casualties. These population estimates predate the most recent conflict in Gaza, and many civilians have fled. The affected population counts represent a ballpark estimate of the number of people who previously lived in areas that are now likely damaged or destroyed.
    Accessing the Tool

    The Gaza Damage Proxy Map uses previously established and tested methodology to provide estimates of damage to buildings. The data is updated approximately one to two times per week as new satellite imagery is gathered by the Sentinel-1 satellite. It therefore represents cumulative damage since October 10, not real-time damage to buildings.

    Although the information provided by the tool is an estimate, it is useful for researchers to quickly gain an overview of damaged areas in the Gaza Strip.

    You can access the Gaza Damage Proxy Map here.

    A similar tool using the same methodology to assess damage in Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale invasion and in Turkey following the February 6 Turkey-Syria earthquake, can be accessed here: ▻https://ee-ollielballinger.projects.earthengine.app/view/gazadamage

    ▻https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/2023/11/15/a-new-tool-allows-researchers-to-track-damage-in-gaza

    #imagerie #architecture_forensique #destruction #cartogrphie #visualisation #guerre #images_satellites #images_satellitaires #Synthetic_Aperture_Radar (#SAR) #UNOSAT #géolocalisation #photographie #dégâts #bombardements

    ping @visionscarto

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 1/11/2023
    1
    @colporteur
    1

    Confirming a Strike on #Jabalia Refugee Camp as Israeli Forces Approach Gaza City

    A strike on Jabalia Refugee Camp north of #Gaza_City killed dozens on Tuesday, as the #Israel_Defense_Forces (#IDF) continued advancing into the Gaza Strip. Video and satellite analysis by Bellingcat has confirmed a strike on the Jabalia Refugee Camp, and identified several points where IDF forces have gathered on the outskirts of Gaza’s largest city.
    Jabalia Strike Highlights Concerns of Civilian Harm

    Reports began to appear online about 2:30 pm local time that an airstrike had hit the Jabalia Refugee Camp in the northern Gaza Strip.

    Videos and images have also appeared in various Telegram channels showing widespread destruction as well as injured and dead civilians at a location that Bellingcat was able to geolocate to the following coordinates in Jabalia, here: 31.53271, 34.49815.

    Three distinct buildings in the background of a photograph taken by Palestinian photojournalist Anas al-Sharif match up with satellite imagery taken on October 30.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/unnamed-6-1.png

    A Reuters live stream filming towards Jabalia and Gaza City appears to have captured a large explosion at approximately 2:24pm local time, consistent with the earliest reports of the strike on Jabalia.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-56.png

    By using a technique called intersection, where known points in a view are aligned, we can identify that this explosion matches exactly with the location of the impact at Jabalia.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-57.png

    At least 40 people were reportedly killed in the strike.

    The IDF confirmed an airstrike was carried out on Jabalia, stating, “The strike damaged Hamas’s command and control in the area, as well as its ability to directly military activity against IDF soldiers operating throughout the Gaza Strip.”

    Asked about civilian casualties on CNN, International IDF spokesman Lt Col Richard Hecht reiterated calls for civilians to “move south” and said the IDF is “doing everything we can to minimise” civilian casualties.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/2023-10-31T150322Z_251106853_RC2P34AUSPMP_RTRMADP_3_ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS-1-1536x865.jpg

    The UN has urged Israel to reconsider its evacuation order with both humanitarian and medical organisations working in Gaza outlining that it is not possible for all civilians in northern Gaza to evacuate south, as Israel has repeatedly ordered them to do.

    The Jabalia Refugee Camp has been hit by multiple airstrikes in the past month, resulting in scores of casualties. An October 9 airstrike killed 60, an October 19 airstrike killed 18, and an October 22 airstrike killed 30.

    ”More than two million people, with nowhere safe to go, are being denied the essentials for life — food, water, shelter and medical care — while being subjected to relentless bombardment,” said UN Secretary-General António Guterres on October 29, two days prior to the latest strike. “I urge all those with responsibility to step back from the brink.”

    In Gaza City, civilians have also been struggling to access food and basic necessities. A video posted on TikTok on Sunday, October 29 showed a long queue at a bakery in Gaza. Bellingcat confirmed the location of the bakery as the New Sharq Bakery in the Jabalia refugee camp (31.5356, 34.5038).
    Attack on a Vehicle on Salah al-Din Road

    Separately, a video posted Monday morning on Instagram by Youssef Al Saifi, a Palestinian journalist, appears to show an IDF tank firing at a station wagon on Salah al-Din road. Salah al-Din had previously been identified by the IDF as a safe evacuation route for civilians within Gaza City.

    The video was geolocated by Benjamin den Braber, a Senior Investigator at the Centre for Information Resilience, to these coordinates: (31.470545, 34.432676) and independently verified by Bellingcat. The vehicle is travelling north on Salah al-Din road before encountering an IDF tank and an IDF armoured bulldozer. As the vehicle attempts a three-point turn, the tank fires at it.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-55.png

    The armoured bulldozer in the video appears to be building a roadblock across Salah al-Din road. Bellingcat contacted the IDF Press Office, but they did not respond to a request for comment prior to publication. An IDF spokesperson was previously asked specifically about the tanks at a briefing and declined to give more information.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-54.png

    Satellite Imagery Reveals Beginnings of a Ground Invasion

    The vehicle attack and camp strike follow an increasing presence of IDF ground troops in the Gaza Strip, which first entered the territory on October 27, according to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Since then, satellite imagery shows the IDF have entered from at least three places: two along the territory’s northern border, and one to the southeast of Gaza City.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-53.png

    Satellite imagery taken on October 30 reveals more than 50 armoured military vehicles and extensive demolition in the Al-Karama area, located approximately three to five kilometres southwest of the Gaza border.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-51.png

    Israel’s ground movements have come more slowly than expected. Military specialists told Reuters on Monday that the IDF is possibly proceeding this way to draw Hamas fighters out of tunnels and densely populated areas, while also allowing for more time to negotiate for the release of hostages taken by militants during the October 7 attacks. Other reports have noted some of Israel’s allies, including the US, have advised the country to delay a full invasion.
    Approaching Gaza from the North and South

    Starting on Sunday, October 29, images began to appear on social media showing IDF vehicles and troops in northern Gaza.

    A video showed IDF soldiers raising an Israeli flag over a building geolocated inside Gaza approximately three kilometres south of the border. The geolocation was shared on X by the Geoconfirmed account, and independently confirmed by Bellingcat.

    As Israeli soldiers and vehicles have entered Gaza, some of their activities are visible on satellite imagery.

    One neighbourhood that appears to have been heavily bombed, prior to the ground invasion, was full of IDF vehicles as of October 30.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/Oct-30.jpeg

    Low-resolution satellite imagery reveals at least three major entry points for Israeli ground troops: one along Gaza’s northern border near the Mediterranean Sea, one near the Erez border crossing north of Beit Hanoun, and one southeast of Gaza City.

    Along Gaza’s northern border, imagery from October 26 showed vehicle tracks approximately 1km from the Mediterranean Sea. These tracks were joined on October 28 by a second set of tracks, closer to the sea, stretching 3km south. Satellite imagery on October 30 showed a third set of tracks, 7km to the east near the Erez border crossing towards Beit Hanoun.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-48-1536x1342.png https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-47.png

    Additional tracks can be seen south-southeast of Gaza City and north of Wadi Gaza in October 28 imagery.

    https://www.bellingcat.com/app/uploads/2023/10/image-46.png

    The latest footage and satellite imagery shows the situation in Gaza continues to deteriorate for civilians, particularly for those located in the northern part of the territory, which remains the focus of Israeli strikes and now the ground invasion.

    Bellingcat will continue to monitor the latest war in Israel-Palestine with the aim of documenting civilian harm.

    ▻https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2023/10/31/confirming-a-strike-on-jabalia-refugee-camp-as-israeli-forces-approach-g
    #Gaza #camp_de_réfugiés #Palestine #Israël #images_satellites #images_satellitaires #destruction #architecture_forensique #armée_israélienne #bombardements #visualisation #cartographie #Al-Karama

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 28/10/2023
    2
    @colporteur
    @lyco
    2

    La #destruction de #Gaza vue du ciel

    https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/f1538e3aa-7b3151/TtSDoArsWkuA/id6uo4YtVsUqd4beEF6Vw64lvjuBEM3gLidSU3IX.png

    La CNN a publié une série d’images satellites (▻https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/25/middleeast/satellite-images-gaza-destruction/index.html) avant et après les bombardements sur Gaza. Les images post-destructions, très choquantes, montrent l’#anéantissement presque complet de nombreux quartiers d’habitations de Gaza. Des milliers de tonnes d’explosifs se sont abattus sur des immeubles et des lotissements, détruisant tout et tuant des habitants par milliers. Et les #photos_satellites datent déjà du 21 octobre. Depuis, #Israël a encore intensifié ses frappes. À cette date, 11.000 #bâtiments à Gaza avaient déjà été détruits. Selon l’ONU, environ 45% des habitations de la bande de Gaza ont été endommagées depuis le 7 octobre !

    Cela n’a rien évidemment à voir avec une prétendue « opération anti-terroriste » comme le répètent tous les médias occidentaux pour manipuler l’opinion. Et les frappes n’ont rien de ciblées, elles ne cherchent même pas à l’être. C’est une opération d’#élimination d’une #population_civile, de ses #infrastructures et de ses lieux de vie, par un régime fasciste. Certains dirigeants d’extrême droite israéliens l’assument ouvertement, il s’agit de #raser_Gaza.

    Un tel niveau de #destruction_urbaine comporte aussi d’importants risques de #contaminations, de #pollutions, de nouvelles explosions. Les millions de tonnes de #décombres comportent des matériaux dangereux pour la santé, des restes de munitions défectueuses… Et la population de Gaza n’a rien pour y faire face.

    Regardez bien ces photos. Voilà à quoi servent les armes que nous vendons à Israël. Voilà à quoi le gouvernement français apporte son « soutien inconditionnel ». Voilà ce qui est fait au nom de la France, de l’Europe, des USA.

    https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/f1538e3aa-7b3151/R77ikaN8jRmL/Px7BqeRA5FgT4S7rWlKTw68RRq1ZGw49d8X8hGJH.png https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/f1538e3aa-7b3151/np2DOOPNbtql/NTx8xesHBubM97X9Kjc0nsHc72BWyNgv9XnssoWJ.png https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/f1538e3aa-7b3151/tUVylZtagByR/wU1ZSN3cZtTeNibXvxafpaifyCUeSrlYmvAVv6kY.png

    ▻https://contre-attaque.net/2023/10/27/la-destruction-de-gaza-vue-du-ciel
    #bombardements #images #visualisation #images_satellites #images_satellitaires #imagerie #Palestine

    voir aussi :
    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1023504

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 10/12/2022

    #Chine : le drame ouïghour

    https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZThhYTJjMTAtOWQwOC00NDkwLTkxYzQtMzJjODFmODQxM2Y0XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNTM2NTg3Nzg@._V1_FMjpg_UX1000_.jpg

    La politique que mène la Chine au Xinjiang à l’égard de la population ouïghoure peut être considérée comme un #génocide : plus d’un million de personnes internées arbitrairement, travail forcé, tortures, stérilisations forcées, « rééducation » culturelle des enfants comme des adultes…
    Quel est le veritable objectif du parti communiste chinois ?

     
    ▻http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/64324

    #Ouïghours #Xinjiang #camps_d'internement #torture #stérilisation_forcée #camps_de_concentration #persécution #crimes_contre_l'humanité #silence #matières_premières #assimilation #islam #islamophobie #internement #gaz #coton #charbon #route_de_la_soie #pétrole #Xi_Jinping #séparatisme #extrémisme #terrorisme #Kunming #peur #état_policier #répression #rééducation #Radio_Free_Asia #disparition #emprisonnement_de_masse #images_satellites #droits_humains #zone_de_non-droit #propagande #torture_psychique #lavage_de_cerveau #faim #Xinjiang_papers #surveillance #surveillance_de_masse #biométrie #vidéo-surveillance #politique_de_prévention #surveillance_d'Etat #identité #nationalisme #minorités #destruction #génocide_culturel #Ilham_Tohti #manuels_d'école #langue #patriotisme #contrôle_démographique #contrôle_de_la_natalité #politique_de_l'enfant_unique #travail_forcé #multinationales #déplacements_forcés #économie #colonisation #Turkestan_oriental #autonomie #Mao_Zedong #révolution_culturelle #assimilation_forcée #Chen_Quanguo #cour_pénale_internationale (#CPI) #sanctions

    #film #film_documentaire #documentaire

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 10/12/2022
      @unagi

      Uyghurs for sale

      https://seenthis.net/local/cache-vignettes/L600xH200/Uyghurs-for-7821-37286.jpg

      ‘Re-education’, forced labour and surveillance beyond #Xinjiang.

      ►https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale

      #rapport

      déjà signal par @unagi:
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/828384

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 11/08/2021
    3
    @ericw
    @kassem
    @reka
    3

    #Eyal_Weizman : « Il n’y a pas de #science sans #activisme »

    Depuis une dizaine d’années, un ensemble de chercheurs, architectes, juristes, journalistes et artistes développent ce qu’ils appellent « l’architecture forensique ». Pour mener leurs enquêtes, ils mettent en œuvre une technologie collaborative de la vérité, plus horizontale, ouverte et surtout qui constitue la vérité en « bien commun ». Eyal Weizman en est le théoricien, son manifeste La Vérité en ruines a paru en français en mars dernier.

    ▻https://aoc.media/entretien/2021/08/06/eyal-weizman-il-ny-a-pas-de-science-sans-activisme-2

    #recherche #architecture_forensique #forensic_architecture #vérité #preuve #preuves #régime_de_preuves #spatialisation #urbanisme #politique #mensonges #domination #entretien #interview #espace #architecture #preuves_architecturales #cartographie #justice #Palestine #Israël #Cisjordanie #Gaza #images_satellites #contre-cartographie #colonialisme #Etat #contrôle #pouvoir #contre-forensique #contre-expertise #signaux_faibles #co-enquête #positionnement_politique #tribunal #bien_commun #Adama_Traoré #Zineb_Redouane #police #violences_policières #Rodney_King #Mark_Duggan #temps #Mark_Duggan #Yacoub_Mousa_Abu_Al-Qia’an #Harith_Augustus #fraction_de_seconde #racisme #objectivité #impartialité #faits #traumatisme #mémoire #architecture_de_la_mémoire #Saidnaya #tour_Grenfell #traumatisme #seuil_de_détectabilité #détectabilité #dissimulation #créativité #art #art_et_politique

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 11/08/2021

      La vérité en ruines. Manifeste pour une architecture forensique

      https://extranet.editis.com/it-yonixweb/IMAGES/DEC/P3/9782355221446.jpg

      Comment, dans un paysage politique en ruines, reconstituer la vérité des faits ? La réponse d’Eyal Weizman tient en une formule-programme : « l’architecture forensique ». Approche novatrice au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines, cette sorte d’architecture se soucie moins de construire des bâtiments que d’analyser des traces que porte le bâti afin de rétablir des vérités menacées. Impacts de balles, trous de missiles, ombres projetées sur les murs de corps annihilés par le souffle d’une explosion : l’architecture forensique consiste à faire parler ces indices.
      Si elle mobilise à cette fin des techniques en partie héritées de la médecine légale et de la police scientifique, c’est en les retournant contre la violence d’État, ses dénis et ses « fake news ». Il s’agit donc d’une « contre-forensique » qui tente de se réapproprier les moyens de la preuve dans un contexte d’inégalité structurelle d’accès aux moyens de la manifestation de la vérité.
      Au fil des pages, cet ouvrage illustré offre un panorama saisissant des champs d’application de cette démarche, depuis le cas des frappes de drone au Pakistan, en Afghanistan et à Gaza, jusqu’à celui de la prison secrète de Saidnaya en Syrie, en passant par le camp de Staro Sajmište, dans la région de Belgrade.

      ▻https://www.editionsladecouverte.fr/la_verite_en_ruines-9782355221446
      #livre

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 1/05/2020
    1
    @fil
    1
    @etraces @isskein @karine4 @reka @sinehebdo

    Monitoring being pitched to fight Covid-19 was tested on refugees

    The pandemic has given a boost to controversial data-driven initiatives to track population movements

    In Italy, social media monitoring companies have been scouring Instagram to see who’s breaking the nationwide lockdown. In Israel, the government has made plans to “sift through geolocation data” collected by the Shin Bet intelligence agency and text people who have been in contact with an infected person. And in the UK, the government has asked mobile operators to share phone users’ aggregate location data to “help to predict broadly how the virus might move”.

    These efforts are just the most visible tip of a rapidly evolving industry combining the exploitation of data from the internet and mobile phones and the increasing number of sensors embedded on Earth and in space. Data scientists are intrigued by the new possibilities for behavioural prediction that such data offers. But they are also coming to terms with the complexity of actually using these data sets, and the ethical and practical problems that lurk within them.

    In the wake of the refugee crisis of 2015, tech companies and research consortiums pushed to develop projects using new data sources to predict movements of migrants into Europe. These ranged from broad efforts to extract intelligence from public social media profiles by hand, to more complex automated manipulation of big data sets through image recognition and machine learning. Two recent efforts have just been shut down, however, and others are yet to produce operational results.

    While IT companies and some areas of the humanitarian sector have applauded new possibilities, critics cite human rights concerns, or point to limitations in what such technological solutions can actually achieve.

    In September last year Frontex, the European border security agency, published a tender for “social media analysis services concerning irregular migration trends and forecasts”. The agency was offering the winning bidder up to €400,000 for “improved risk analysis regarding future irregular migratory movements” and support of Frontex’s anti-immigration operations.

    Frontex “wants to embrace” opportunities arising from the rapid growth of social media platforms, a contracting document outlined. The border agency believes that social media interactions drastically change the way people plan their routes, and thus examining would-be migrants’ online behaviour could help it get ahead of the curve, since these interactions typically occur “well before persons reach the external borders of the EU”.

    Frontex asked bidders to develop lists of key words that could be mined from platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. The winning company would produce a monthly report containing “predictive intelligence ... of irregular flows”.

    Early this year, however, Frontex cancelled the opportunity. It followed swiftly on from another shutdown; Frontex’s sister agency, the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), had fallen foul of the European data protection watchdog, the EDPS, for searching social media content from would-be migrants.

    The EASO had been using the data to flag “shifts in asylum and migration routes, smuggling offers and the discourse among social media community users on key issues – flights, human trafficking and asylum systems/processes”. The search covered a broad range of languages, including Arabic, Pashto, Dari, Urdu, Tigrinya, Amharic, Edo, Pidgin English, Russian, Kurmanji Kurdish, Hausa and French.

    Although the EASO’s mission, as its name suggests, is centred around support for the asylum system, its reports were widely circulated, including to organisations that attempt to limit illegal immigration – Europol, Interpol, member states and Frontex itself.

    In shutting down the EASO’s social media monitoring project, the watchdog cited numerous concerns about process, the impact on fundamental rights and the lack of a legal basis for the work.

    “This processing operation concerns a vast number of social media users,” the EDPS pointed out. Because EASO’s reports are read by border security forces, there was a significant risk that data shared by asylum seekers to help others travel safely to Europe could instead be unfairly used against them without their knowledge.

    Social media monitoring “poses high risks to individuals’ rights and freedoms,” the regulator concluded in an assessment it delivered last November. “It involves the use of personal data in a way that goes beyond their initial purpose, their initial context of publication and in ways that individuals could not reasonably anticipate. This may have a chilling effect on people’s ability and willingness to express themselves and form relationships freely.”

    https://assets2.thebureauinvestigates.com/uploads/_storyImageSmall/GettyImages-migrants-charging-phones-budapest.jpg?mtime=20200422172653#.jpg

    EASO told the Bureau that the ban had “negative consequences” on “the ability of EU member states to adapt the preparedness, and increase the effectiveness, of their asylum systems” and also noted a “potential harmful impact on the safety of migrants and asylum seekers”.

    Frontex said that its social media analysis tender was cancelled after new European border regulations came into force, but added that it was considering modifying the tender in response to these rules.
    Coronavirus

    Drug shortages put worst-hit Covid-19 patients at risk
    European doctors running low on drugs needed to treat Covid-19 patients
    Big Tobacco criticised for ’coronavirus publicity stunt’ after donating ventilators

    The two shutdowns represented a stumbling block for efforts to track population movements via new technologies and sources of data. But the public health crisis precipitated by the Covid-19 virus has brought such efforts abruptly to wider attention. In doing so it has cast a spotlight on a complex knot of issues. What information is personal, and legally protected? How does that protection work? What do concepts like anonymisation, privacy and consent mean in an age of big data?
    The shape of things to come

    International humanitarian organisations have long been interested in whether they can use nontraditional data sources to help plan disaster responses. As they often operate in inaccessible regions with little available or accurate official data about population sizes and movements, they can benefit from using new big data sources to estimate how many people are moving where. In particular, as well as using social media, recent efforts have sought to combine insights from mobile phones – a vital possession for a refugee or disaster survivor – with images generated by “Earth observation” satellites.

    “Mobiles, satellites and social media are the holy trinity of movement prediction,” said Linnet Taylor, professor at the Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology and Society in the Netherlands, who has been studying the privacy implications of such new data sources. “It’s the shape of things to come.”

    As the devastating impact of the Syrian civil war worsened in 2015, Europe saw itself in crisis. Refugee movements dominated the headlines and while some countries, notably Germany, opened up to more arrivals than usual, others shut down. European agencies and tech companies started to team up with a new offering: a migration hotspot predictor.

    https://assets2.thebureauinvestigates.com/uploads/_fullWidthLarge/ESA-big-data-for-migration-study-2-Screen-Shot-2020-04-02-at-13.43.13.png?mtime=20200417130404#.jpg

    Controversially, they were importing a concept drawn from distant catastrophe zones into decision-making on what should happen within the borders of the EU.

    “Here’s the heart of the matter,” said Nathaniel Raymond, a lecturer at the Yale Jackson Institute for Global Affairs who focuses on the security implications of information communication technologies for vulnerable populations. “In ungoverned frontier cases [European data protection law] doesn’t apply. Use of these technologies might be ethically safer there, and in any case it’s the only thing that is available. When you enter governed space, data volume and ease of manipulation go up. Putting this technology to work in the EU is a total inversion.”
    “Mobiles, satellites and social media are the holy trinity of movement prediction”

    Justin Ginnetti, head of data and analysis at the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre in Switzerland, made a similar point. His organisation monitors movements to help humanitarian groups provide food, shelter and aid to those forced from their homes, but he casts a skeptical eye on governments using the same technology in the context of migration.

    “Many governments – within the EU and elsewhere – are very interested in these technologies, for reasons that are not the same as ours,” he told the Bureau. He called such technologies “a nuclear fly swatter,” adding: “The key question is: What problem are you really trying to solve with it? For many governments, it’s not preparing to ‘better respond to inflow of people’ – it’s raising red flags, to identify those en route and prevent them from arriving.”
    Eye in the sky

    A key player in marketing this concept was the European Space Agency (ESA) – an organisation based in Paris, with a major spaceport in French Guiana. The ESA’s pitch was to combine its space assets with other people’s data. “Could you be leveraging space technology and data for the benefit of life on Earth?” a recent presentation from the organisation on “disruptive smart technologies” asked. “We’ll work together to make your idea commercially viable.”

    By 2016, technologists at the ESA had spotted an opportunity. “Europe is being confronted with the most significant influxes of migrants and refugees in its history,” a presentation for their Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems Programme stated. “One burning issue is the lack of timely information on migration trends, flows and rates. Big data applications have been recognised as a potentially powerful tool.” It decided to assess how it could harness such data.

    The ESA reached out to various European agencies, including EASO and Frontex, to offer a stake in what it called “big data applications to boost preparedness and response to migration”. The space agency would fund initial feasibility stages, but wanted any operational work to be jointly funded.

    https://assets2.thebureauinvestigates.com/uploads/_storyImageSmall/ESA-big-data-for-migration-study-Screen-Shot-2020-04-02-at-13.41.32.png?mtime=20200421160502#.jpg

    One such feasibility study was carried out by GMV, a privately owned tech group covering banking, defence, health, telecommunications and satellites. GMV announced in a press release in August 2017 that the study would “assess the added value of big data solutions in the migration sector, namely the reduction of safety risks for migrants, the enhancement of border controls, as well as prevention and response to security issues related with unexpected migration movements”. It would do this by integrating “multiple space assets” with other sources including mobile phones and social media.

    When contacted by the Bureau, a spokeswoman from GMV said that, contrary to the press release, “nothing in the feasibility study related to the enhancement of border controls”.

    In the same year, the technology multinational CGI teamed up with the Dutch Statistics Office to explore similar questions. They started by looking at data around asylum flows from Syria and at how satellite images and social media could indicate changes in migration patterns in Niger, a key route into Europe. Following this experiment, they approached EASO in October 2017. CGI’s presentation of the work noted that at the time EASO was looking for a social media analysis tool that could monitor Facebook groups, predict arrivals of migrants at EU borders, and determine the number of “hotspots” and migrant shelters. CGI pitched a combined project, co-funded by the ESA, to start in 2019 and expand to serve more organisations in 2020.
    The proposal was to identify “hotspot activities”, using phone data to group individuals “according to where they spend the night”

    The idea was called Migration Radar 2.0. The ESA wrote that “analysing social media data allows for better understanding of the behaviour and sentiments of crowds at a particular geographic location and a specific moment in time, which can be indicators of possible migration movements in the immediate future”. Combined with continuous monitoring from space, the result would be an “early warning system” that offered potential future movements and routes, “as well as information about the composition of people in terms of origin, age, gender”.

    Internal notes released by EASO to the Bureau show the sheer range of companies trying to get a slice of the action. The agency had considered offers of services not only from the ESA, GMV, the Dutch Statistics Office and CGI, but also from BIP, a consulting firm, the aerospace group Thales Alenia, the geoinformation specialist EGEOS and Vodafone.

    Some of the pitches were better received than others. An EASO analyst who took notes on the various proposals remarked that “most oversell a bit”. They went on: “Some claimed they could trace GSM [ie mobile networks] but then clarified they could do it for Venezuelans only, and maybe one or two countries in Africa.” Financial implications were not always clearly provided. On the other hand, the official noted, the ESA and its consortium would pay 80% of costs and “we can get collaboration on something we plan to do anyway”.

    The features on offer included automatic alerts, a social media timeline, sentiment analysis, “animated bubbles with asylum applications from countries of origin over time”, the detection and monitoring of smuggling sites, hotspot maps, change detection and border monitoring.

    The document notes a group of services available from Vodafone, for example, in the context of a proposed project to monitor asylum centres in Italy. The proposal was to identify “hotspot activities”, using phone data to group individuals either by nationality or “according to where they spend the night”, and also to test if their movements into the country from abroad could be back-tracked. A tentative estimate for the cost of a pilot project, spread over four municipalities, came to €250,000 – of which an unspecified amount was for “regulatory (privacy) issues”.

    https://assets2.thebureauinvestigates.com/uploads/_storyImageSmall/GettyImages-migrant-camp-greece.jpg?mtime=20200422172910#.jpg

    Stumbling blocks

    Elsewhere, efforts to harness social media data for similar purposes were proving problematic. A September 2017 UN study tried to establish whether analysing social media posts, specifically on Twitter, “could provide insights into ... altered routes, or the conversations PoC [“persons of concern”] are having with service providers, including smugglers”. The hypothesis was that this could “better inform the orientation of resource allocations, and advocacy efforts” - but the study was unable to conclude either way, after failing to identify enough relevant data on Twitter.

    The ESA pressed ahead, with four feasibility studies concluding in 2018 and 2019. The Migration Radar project produced a dashboard that showcased the use of satellite imagery for automatically detecting changes in temporary settlement, as well as tools to analyse sentiment on social media. The prototype received positive reviews, its backers wrote, encouraging them to keep developing the product.

    CGI was effusive about the predictive power of its technology, which could automatically detect “groups of people, traces of trucks at unexpected places, tent camps, waste heaps and boats” while offering insight into “the sentiments of migrants at certain moments” and “information that is shared about routes and motives for taking certain routes”. Armed with this data, the company argued that it could create a service which could predict the possible outcomes of migration movements before they happened.

    The ESA’s other “big data applications” study had identified a demand among EU agencies and other potential customers for predictive analyses to ensure “preparedness” and alert systems for migration events. A package of services was proposed, using data drawn from social media and satellites.

    Both projects were slated to evolve into a second, operational phase. But this seems to have never become reality. CGI told the Bureau that “since the completion of the [Migration Radar] project, we have not carried out any extra activities in this domain”.

    The ESA told the Bureau that its studies had “confirmed the usefulness” of combining space technology and big data for monitoring migration movements. The agency added that its corporate partners were working on follow-on projects despite “internal delays”.

    EASO itself told the Bureau that it “took a decision not to get involved” in the various proposals it had received.

    Specialists found a “striking absence” of agreed upon core principles when using the new technologies

    But even as these efforts slowed, others have been pursuing similar goals. The European Commission’s Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography has proposed a “Big Data for Migration Alliance” to address data access, security and ethics concerns. A new partnership between the ESA and GMV – “Bigmig" – aims to support “migration management and prevention” through a combination of satellite observation and machine-learning techniques (the company emphasised to the Bureau that its focus was humanitarian). And a consortium of universities and private sector partners – GMV among them – has just launched a €3 million EU-funded project, named Hummingbird, to improve predictions of migration patterns, including through analysing phone call records, satellite imagery and social media.

    At a conference in Berlin in October 2019, dozens of specialists from academia, government and the humanitarian sector debated the use of these new technologies for “forecasting human mobility in contexts of crises”. Their conclusions raised numerous red flags. They found a “striking absence” of agreed upon core principles. It was hard to balance the potential good with ethical concerns, because the most useful data tended to be more specific, leading to greater risks of misuse and even, in the worst case scenario, weaponisation of the data. Partnerships with corporations introduced transparency complications. Communication of predictive findings to decision makers, and particularly the “miscommunication of the scope and limitations associated with such findings”, was identified as a particular problem.

    The full consequences of relying on artificial intelligence and “employing large scale, automated, and combined analysis of datasets of different sources” to predict movements in a crisis could not be foreseen, the workshop report concluded. “Humanitarian and political actors who base their decisions on such analytics must therefore carefully reflect on the potential risks.”

    https://assets2.thebureauinvestigates.com/uploads/_fullWidthLarge/GettyImages-migrants-frontex-malaga.jpg?mtime=20200422173312#.jpg

    A fresh crisis

    Until recently, discussion of such risks remained mostly confined to scientific papers and NGO workshops. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought it crashing into the mainstream.

    Some see critical advantages to using call data records to trace movements and map the spread of the virus. “Using our mobile technology, we have the potential to build models that help to predict broadly how the virus might move,” an O2 spokesperson said in March. But others believe that it is too late for this to be useful. The UK’s chief scientific officer, Patrick Vallance, told a press conference in March that using this type of data “would have been a good idea in January”.

    Like the 2015 refugee crisis, the global emergency offers an opportunity for industry to get ahead of the curve with innovative uses of big data. At a summit in Downing Street on 11 March, Dominic Cummings asked tech firms “what [they] could bring to the table” to help the fight against Covid-19.

    Human rights advocates worry about the longer term effects of such efforts, however. “Right now, we’re seeing states around the world roll out powerful new surveillance measures and strike up hasty partnerships with tech companies,” Anna Bacciarelli, a technology researcher at Amnesty International, told the Bureau. “While states must act to protect people in this pandemic, it is vital that we ensure that invasive surveillance measures do not become normalised and permanent, beyond their emergency status.”

    More creative methods of surveillance and prediction are not necessarily answering the right question, others warn.

    “The single largest determinant of Covid-19 mortality is healthcare system capacity,” said Sean McDonald, a senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation, who studied the use of phone data in the west African Ebola outbreak of 2014-5. “But governments are focusing on the pandemic as a problem of people management rather than a problem of building response capacity. More broadly, there is nowhere near enough proof that the science or math underlying the technologies being deployed meaningfully contribute to controlling the virus at all.”

    https://assets2.thebureauinvestigates.com/uploads/_storyImageSmall/GettyImages-1doctors-phone-wuhan-china-coronavirus.jpg?mtime=20200422173149#.jpg

    Legally, this type of data processing raises complicated questions. While European data protection law - the GDPR - generally prohibits processing of “special categories of personal data”, including ethnicity, beliefs, sexual orientation, biometrics and health, it allows such processing in a number of instances (among them public health emergencies). In the case of refugee movement prediction, there are signs that the law is cracking at the seams.
    “There is nowhere near enough proof that the science or math underlying the technologies being deployed meaningfully contribute to controlling the virus at all.”

    Under GDPR, researchers are supposed to make “impact assessments” of how their data processing can affect fundamental rights. If they find potential for concern they should consult their national information commissioner. There is no simple way to know whether such assessments have been produced, however, or whether they were thoroughly carried out.

    Researchers engaged with crunching mobile phone data point to anonymisation and aggregation as effective tools for ensuring privacy is maintained. But the solution is not straightforward, either technically or legally.

    “If telcos are using individual call records or location data to provide intel on the whereabouts, movements or activities of migrants and refugees, they still need a legal basis to use that data for that purpose in the first place – even if the final intelligence report itself does not contain any personal data,” said Ben Hayes, director of AWO, a data rights law firm and consultancy. “The more likely it is that the people concerned may be identified or affected, the more serious this matter becomes.”

    More broadly, experts worry that, faced with the potential of big data technology to illuminate movements of groups of people, the law’s provisions on privacy begin to seem outdated.

    “We’re paying more attention now to privacy under its traditional definition,” Nathaniel Raymond said. “But privacy is not the same as group legibility.” Simply put, while issues around the sensitivity of personal data can be obvious, the combinations of seemingly unrelated data that offer insights about what small groups of people are doing can be hard to foresee, and hard to mitigate. Raymond argues that the concept of privacy as enshrined in the newly minted data protection law is anachronistic. As he puts it, “GDPR is already dead, stuffed and mounted. We’re increasing vulnerability under the colour of law.”

    ►https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2020-04-28/monitoring-being-pitched-to-fight-covid-19-was-first-tested-o
    #cobaye #surveillance #réfugiés #covid-19 #coronavirus #test #smartphone #téléphones_portables #Frontex #frontières #contrôles_frontaliers #Shin_Bet #internet #big_data #droits_humains #réseaux_sociaux #intelligence_prédictive #European_Asylum_Support_Office (#EASO) #EDPS #protection_des_données #humanitaire #images_satellites #technologie #European_Space_Agency (#ESA) #GMV #CGI #Niger #Facebook #Migration_Radar_2.0 #early_warning_system #BIP #Thales_Alenia #EGEOS #complexe_militaro-industriel #Vodafone #GSM #Italie #twitter #détection #routes_migratoires #systèmes_d'alerte #satellites #Knowledge_Centre_on_Migration_and_Demography #Big_Data for_Migration_Alliance #Bigmig #machine-learning #Hummingbird #weaponisation_of_the_data #IA #intelligence_artificielle #données_personnelles

    ping @etraces @isskein @karine4 @reka

    signalé ici par @sinehebdo :
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 26/03/2020
    1
    @fil
    1
    @reka @fil @albertocampiphoto

    Le #Centre_National_d’Etudes_Spatiales – le C.N.E.S. – s’est doté il y a un an d’un nouveau site : #Géoimage.

    ▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr

    Les #images_satellites sont devenues incontournables dans de nombreuses pratiques journalières, personnelles ou professionnelles. Il semblait impensable d’en laisser le monopole à Google ou à la NASA, alors que la stratégie spatiale de la France nous permet de disposer d’outils reconnus pour leurs qualités à l’échelle mondiale.

    Le site met déjà en ligne 230 dossiers couvrant 68 Etats et territoires, rédigées par 138 auteurs - PR, DR CNRS, MdC, docteurs, doctorants, ATER, enseignants de prépas ou du secondaire - dont H. Théry, T. Sanjuan, F. Bart, B. Merenne, JC Gay. B. Hourcade, F. Ballanche, Y. Boquet, S. Dewel, C. Fleury ; B. Lecoquierre., F. Tétart, J. Thorez... 80 dossiers sont en préparation.

    L’accès aux dossiers est organisé par pays/continents, par grands thèmes, par concours et par programmes scolaires. Pour les universités, ce site offre aussi de nombreuses ressources mobilisables par vos étudiants dès la 1er année.

    Enfin, notre communauté présente une accumulation exceptionnelle de connaissances et d’analyses sur la France et le monde. Dans certaines conditions, le CNES peut disposer d’une couverture mondiale à 10 m de précision au sol, souvent moins sur la France.

    Nous sommes aussi à la recherche d’auteurs sur des territoires très différents (par ex. Amman, Berne, Assouan, Le Caire, Nicosie, Tarente, Montevideo, Potosi, Toronto, Tallinn, Varsovie, les îles Iriomote dans les Ryukyu, le Sakurajima à Kyushu, Détroit, Yuma, Kuala Lumpur …). Vous pouvez tout autant nous présenter des propositions.

    Les textes peuvent être fournis en bi-lingue en anglais, espagnol, italien, allemand… (cf. entrée langues étrangères). Au total, un beau projet collectif d’encyclopédie géographique spatiale francophone en ligne porté par une grande entreprise publique nationale et auquel chacun peut apporter sa contribution..

    Puis par ces temps de confinement, faites voyager vos étudiants, vos amis, vos familles, vos enfants ou petits-enfants. De Bora Bora à Venise ou Reykjavik, de Pékin à Londres ou Moscou, d’Astana à Brasilia ou Djibouti, du Mont St Michel à Lyon ou Paris, de Yamal à Kolwesi ou Phuket, de la Passe de Khyber à Guantanamo ou Kaliningrad.

    ping @reka @fil @albertocampiphoto

    #images_satellitaires

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  • @reka
    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA 3/08/2019
    1
    @simplicissimus
    1

    Brazil space institute director sacked in Amazon deforestation row | World news | The Guardian

    ▻https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/02/brazil-space-institute-director-sacked-in-amazon-deforestation-row
    ▻https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e9deda97cf0953a32d4576b77bc73fc9c92e6367/0_233_3500_2100/master/3500.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-ali

    The director of Brazil’s National Space Research Institute (INPE) has been sacked in the midst of a controversy over its satellite data showing a rise in Amazon deforestation, which the far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, has called “lies”.

    Ricardo Galvão, who had defended the institute and criticised Bolsonaro’s attack, was dismissed on Friday after a meeting with the science and technology minister, Marcos Pontes.

    #brésil #déforestation #censure #statistiques #cartographie #images_satellites #manipulation

    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA
    • @simplicissimus
      Simplicissimus @simplicissimus 3/08/2019

      Brésil : Jair Bolsonaro licencie le directeur de l’institut divulguant les données sur la déforestation
      ▻https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/08/02/bresil-jair-bolsonaro-licencie-le-directeur-de-l-institut-divulguant-les-don

      Ricardo Galvão était accusé par le président brésilien d’exagérer l’ampleur de la destruction de la forêt amazonienne pour faire le jeu des ONG.

      Il avait promis de tenir bon, mais, face à la fureur de Jair Bolsonaro, a fini par plier, quitte à aggraver la tragédie environnementale en cours au Brésil. Vendredi 2 août, à l’issue d’un entretien à Brasilia avec Marcos Pontes, son ministre de tutelle, à la tête des sciences et de la technologie, le directeur de l’Institut national de recherches spatiales (INPE), Ricardo Galvão, a annoncé son départ. « Mon propos sur le président a suscité de l’embarras, je serai donc exonéré de mes fonctions », a-t-il annoncé, évoquant une situation de « perte de confiance ».

      Le directeur de l’INPE, institut chargé, notamment, de divulguer les chiffres sur la déforestation amazonienne, était dans le viseur du chef de l’Etat depuis plusieurs semaines. Jair Bolsonaro a peu apprécié que l’organisme fasse état au grand jour de l’ampleur de la destruction de la forêt native brésilienne, divulguant mois après mois des données chaque fois plus effrayantes : 739 km2 de forêt détruits en mai, soit une hausse de 34 % par rapport au même mois l’année passée ou l’équivalent de deux terrains de football rasés chaque minute, puis 920 km2 en juin (+88 %) et encore 1 864 km2 en juillet (+212 %). « Un cauchemar », souffle une source au sein de l’Observatoire du climat, ONG environnementale brésilienne.

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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 28/03/2019

    L’ONG #Sea-Eye va identifier les embarcations en détresse grâce aux #images_satellites

    L’ONG allemande Sea-Eye se lance dans un nouveau projet : le #Space-Eye. Objectif : utiliser les images satellites d’une société privée pour alerter sur la présence de migrants en détresse au large de la Libye, et documenter d’éventuelles violations des droits de l’Homme.

    Après les navires humanitaires et les avions de reconnaissance qui sillonnent les côtes libyennes à la recherche d’embarcations de migrants en détresse, Sea-Eye s’intéresse désormais aux images satellite avec un nouveau projet, Space-Eye. L’ONG allemande vient de signer un contrat avec Planet, une société privée américaine de fournisseur d’images satellites, afin de surveiller les côtes libyennes.

    Les images satellites fournies permettront à Sea-Eye d’alerter les ONG présentes au large de la Libye ou le MRCC italien et maltais, lorsqu’un navire est en difficulté.

    Mais ce n’est pas la seule mission que s’est donné Space-Eye. L’ONG cherche aussi à recenser les canots qui n’ont pas pu être secourus ; comment ? En comparant les images satellites actuelles à celles plus anciennes. En effet, #Planet peut fournir des images remontant sur plusieurs années, qu’elle garde en stock.

    « On veut ainsi vérifier si Frontex [garde-côtes européens, ndlr] vient secourir les migrants ou non lorsqu’ils reçoivent un appel de détresse. On a des doutes. Avec les images satellites et les signaux émis par Frontex, on pourra y voir plus clair », explique à InfoMigrants Hans-Peter Buschheuer, chargé de la communication de Space-Eye.

    La zone de surveillance définie englobe 4 500 kilomètres, au large des côtes libyennes. Elle s’étend sur 100 km de long et 30 km de large, au plus près de la région où les départs sont les plus importants.

    Pour l’ONG, ce projet est nécessaire car la politique européenne les inquiète. En effet, l’Italie n’accueille plus aucun navire sur son sol depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Matteo Salvini l’année dernière. Pire, les navires humanitaires sont régulièrement maintenus à quai dans les ports européens. « On pense qu’à terme il n’y aura plus aucun navire humanitaire dans la zone et que les avions comme le #Moonbird seront cloués au sol. Les images satellites seront le seul moyen de surveiller ce qu’il se passe le long des côtes libyennes », précise encore Hans-Peter Buschheuer.
    Space-Eye espère publier un rapport sur d’éventuelles violations des droits de l’Homme au large de la Libye dans les prochains mois.

    ▻https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/15933/l-ong-sea-eye-va-identifier-les-embarcations-en-detresse-grace-aux-ima
    #sauvetage #Méditerranée #ONG #asile #migrations #réfugiés #nouvelle_stratégie #droits_humains #forensic_architecture

    métaliste ici :
    ►https://seenthis.net/messages/706177

    • #Space
    • #Libye
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 3/07/2018
    8
    @reka
    @mad_meg
    @philippe_de_jonckheere
    @unagi
    @7h36
    @noun
    @02myseenthis01
    8
    @reka @isskein

    Chèr·es tou·tes,

    j’ai donc fait un peu d’ordre et mis les liens et textes à la bonne place.

    J’essaie de faire une petite #métaliste des listes.

    #métaliste
    #ONG #sauvetage #Méditerranée #asile #migrations #réfugiés #mourir_en_mer #sauvetages

    En général, quelques autres liens à droite et à gauche à retrouver avec les tags #Méditerranée #ONG #sauvetage :
    ▻▻https://seenthis.net/recherche?recherche=%23ong+%23m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e+%23sauvetage

    Et un résumé + vidéos de SOS Méditerranée sur les 5 ans d’atteinte au #droit_maritime :
    ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/780857

    cc @reka @isskein

    • #Méditerranée
    CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      1. Liste de liens sur les activités des ONG de sauvetage en Méditerranée
      ►►https://seenthis.net/messages/514535
      Liste commencée en août 2016, et continuée en ordre chronologique

      2. La liste 1a continue ici (initiée le 11.06.2018)
      ▻▻https://seenthis.net/messages/701146

      3. La liste 1a et 1b continue ici (initiée le 28 août 2018, notamment avec l’affaire #Diciotti) :
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/717803
      Sur la tentative d’externalisation des réfugiés à bord de la Diciotti en #Albanie, voir ici :
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/719249

      4. Et voilà, on y est, automne 2018, et plus précisément le 20 septembre 2018, il n’y a plus d’ONG en Méditerranée, plus de témoins, plus de personnes et navires en mesure de monitorer la mer et sauver des gens :
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/723595

      5. Mais les sauvetages en Méditerranée continuent... + les pressions du gouvernement italien sur Panama pour révoquer l’enregistrement de l’Aquarius... + la mise en eau du bateau #Mare_Ionio (#Mare_Jonio) de #Mediterranea
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/724156

      6. Nouveau fil de discussion, qui commence avec le sauvetage de 12 migrants par le navire de pêche #Nuestra_Madre_Loreto :
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/739541
      #Nuestra_Madre_de_Loreto #Sea_Watch_3

      7. A partir de la mise en mer du bateau #Mare_Jonio
      en mars 2019 :
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/768421

      8. A partir du #decreto_sicurezza_bis de Salvini (mai 2019) :
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/780350

      9. A partir de la décision de #Carola_Rackete de #Sea_Watch_3 de forcer le bloc et entrer dans le #port de #Lampedusa :
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/789582

      10. A partir d’un événement du 08.08.2019 —> des personnes sauvées par #Open_Arms demandent l’asile directement depuis le navire au HCR...
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/796582

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      2. Liste de la polémique autour de l’intervention des #identitaires en Méditerranée, contre les ONG :
      ▻▻https://seenthis.net/messages/598388#message678291
      Liste commencée en février 2017

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      3. Courte liste sur le fait que l’ONG #MOAS ait décidé de quitter la Méditerranée pour faire des opérations de sauvetage auprès des #Rohingya en #Birmanie :
      ▻▻https://seenthis.net/messages/627075

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      4. Après il y a tout le chapitre #externalisation des contrôles migratoires, mais en lien direct avec les listes qui précèdent, je dirais surtout en ce qui concerne les accords entre l’Italie (avec ou sans d’autres pays européens) et la Libye :
      – surtout cette liste pour les accords Italie-Libye : ►►https://seenthis.net/messages/600874

      – surtout cette liste pour les accords UE/EU - Libye :
      ▻▻https://seenthis.net/messages/564441
      – Et des articles ici et là sur seenthis : ▻▻https://seenthis.net/recherche?recherche=%23libye+%23italie+%23gardes-c%C3%B4tes

      Résumé d’une année d’enquêtes (2017-2018) sur la Libye de la part de l’association italienne Open Migration :
      ►http://openmigration.org/analisi/lo-scatolone-di-sabbia-un-anno-di-inchieste-sulla-libia

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      5. La courte liste de la déclaration d’une zone #SAR en #Libye :
      ▻►https://seenthis.net/messages/705331

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      6. Un nouvel navire humanitaire au secours des migrants (septembre 2018), le #Aita_Mari : ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/721384

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      7. Des #avions en renfort aux navires pour les secours en Méditerranée :
      ►https://seenthis.net/messages/485880
      #pilotes

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 17/03/2019

      8. L’#Allemagne (et l’#Italie) décide de se retirer de l’#Opération_Sophia. Raison : « The decision reportedly relates to Italy’s reluctance to allow rescued people to disembark » :
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/754541

      Et l’UE qui décide d’arrêter les missions maritimes de l’Opération Sophia (car Salvini a fermé les ports) :
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/770463

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 28/03/2019

      L’ONG #Sea-Eye va identifier les embarcations en détresse grâce aux #images_satellites (mars 2019) :
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/770474

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 1/05/2019

      Sur le bateau #Mare_Liberum, une ONG allemande de sauvetage en Méditerranée :
      ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/778168

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 4/06/2019

      L’Union Européenne devra-t-elle un jour répondre de « crimes contre l’Humanité » devant la #Cour_Pénale_Internationale ?
      ▻https://seenthis.net/#message785050
      #CPI #justice #responsabilité

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 29/06/2018
    2
    @reka
    @simplicissimus
    2
    @reka

    Représentations géopolitiques sur la #Route_de_la_Soie, une étude à l’aide de l’analyse cartographique et du traitement d’#images_satellites

    Ce travail a pour objectif l’analyse multiscalaire de deux représentations du projet de coopération chinois de la nouvelle Route de la Soie. La première représentation est cartographique et s’applique à l’échelle continentale : il s’agit de la première image spatialisée du projet chinois, #New_Silk_Road, New Dreams, proposée par l’agence gouvernementale #Xinhua en 2014. L’analyse cartographique s’appuiera notamment sur l’observation des éléments techniques et sémantiques de l’image. La seconde représentation, territorialisée et à grande échelle, est #Khorgos, une zone en développement située sur la frontière sino-kazakhstanaise et considérée comme la plaque tournante de la coopération transfrontalière entre Pékin et Astana, allié stratégique de la Chine dans son projet Route de la Soie. Nous mobiliserons le traitement d’images satellites afin de reconstruire et de comprendre l’évolution et le développement de l’aménagement de cet espace de frontière de plus en plus artificialisé.

    https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/docannexe/image/4663/img-7-small440.png https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/docannexe/image/4663/img-9-small440.png

    ▻https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/4663#quotation
    #cartographie #visualisation #représentations #frontières #Chine
    via @reka

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @fil
    Fil @fil 5/03/2018
    3
    @unagi
    @reka
    @02myseenthis01
    3

    Bangladesh is building a camp on Bhasan Char to house the Rohingya from Myanmar — Quartz
    ▻https://qz.com/1216031/bangladesh-is-building-a-camp-on-bhasan-char-to-house-the-rohingya-from-myanmar
    ▻https://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/camp_composite_for_annotations.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=12

    #images_satellites #bangladesh #réfugiés #rohingya #mer

    Fil @fil
    Écrire un commentaire
  • @cnrs
    CNRS - Le Journal (RSS) @cnrs 22/01/2018
    3
    @fil
    @lluc
    @af_sobocinski
    3

    La cartographie au service des secours
    ▻https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/la-cartographie-au-service-des-secours

    En cas de catastrophe naturelle, les services d’urgence s’engagent dans une course contre la montre pour apporter aux victimes une assistance rapide. Parmi les premiers sur le pont, les cartographes de crise dont le rôle consiste à suivre l’impact de cette catastrophe afin de guider les secours.

    CNRS - Le Journal (RSS) @cnrs
    • @cdb_77
      CDB_77 @cdb_77 22/01/2018

      #cartographie #catastrophes_naturelles #urgence #secours #cartographie_humanitaire

      CDB_77 @cdb_77
    • @af_sobocinski
      AF_Sobocinski @af_sobocinski CC BY-NC-ND 3/02/2018

      #sertit #copernicus #icube (laboratoire) #images_satellites

      AF_Sobocinski @af_sobocinski CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @fil
    Fil @fil 18/01/2018

    How Did Bombs Made in Italy Kill a Family In Yemen ? - NYTimes.com (12 juillet 2017)
    ▻https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/middleeast/100000005254317/civilian-deaths-yemen-italian-bombs.html

    https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/07/12/world/middleeast/italybombscover1/italybombscover1-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg

    #embargo #yemen #arabie_saoudite #armes #images_satellites

    peut-être lié à ▻https://left.it/2017/09/29/crimini-di-guerra-sauditi-con-armi-made-in-italy-la-denuncia-delle-ong-yemenite

    Fil @fil
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  • @reka
    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA 31/05/2017
    2
    @fil
    @cbrocquet
    2

    Syria from Space - BBC News
    ▻http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/syria_from_space_english

    https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/vj/live/idt-images/shorthand-syria_from_space/aleppo_title_page-lr_9zqk6.jpg

    Syria from Space
    Three cities in darkness and light

    #syrie #images_satellites

    • #Syria
    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA
    • @cbrocquet
      cbrocquet @cbrocquet 9/06/2017

      How power became a pawn in the Syrian conflict

      Electricity, like other commodities, has been used by the warring sides to exert pressure on opponents. Across Syria, people survive with little to no power, with a knock-on effect on other basics like water supplies.

      cbrocquet @cbrocquet
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  • @reka
    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA 29/03/2017
    3
    @hassan_nya
    @fil
    @cy_altern
    3

    20 free Satellite Imagery Data Sources

    ▻http://monde-geospatial.com/20-free-satellite-imagery-data-sources/8

    http://monde-geospatial.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/8-National-Institute-for-Space-Research-INPE.png

    20 FREE Satellite Imagery Data Sources

    #cartographie #images_satellites #open_sources #gratuité

    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA
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  • @fil
    Fil @fil 16/01/2017
    1
    @reka
    1

    Uncharted
    ▻http://uncharted.ooo

    http://uncharted.ooo/images/explore/Uncharted_After-Belonging_StudioFolder_04.jpg

    By looking at imagery metadata, interviews, meeting minutes of space treaties, and technological failures, Uncharted is an ongoing research inquiry into the rhetoric of the contemporary globe—and by what mechanisms it came to be.

    #images_satellites #cartographie_critique #art

    Fil @fil
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 20/12/2016
    @reka @visionscarto

    http://i.imgur.com/UpYAL9G.png

    #forensic_architecture #cartographie #images #images_satellites #Rohingya #destruction

    vu sur twitter le 20.12.2016

    @reka : ça pourrait être une idée pour un billet @visionscarto... partir de cette expérience... il faudrait demander à Fortify Rights !

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 27/10/2016
    1
    @reka
    1
    @reka @fil

    Les crimes au #Darfour traqués par le #crowdsourcing

    Amnesty International a lancé un projet participatif, #Decode_Darfur, pour repérer des traces de #destruction des #villages parmi les milliers d’#images_satellites de cette immense zone soudanaise.

    http://md1.libe.com/photo/959294-darfour.jpg?modified_at=1477499278&width=960

    ▻http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/10/26/les-crimes-au-darfour-traques-par-le-crowdsourcing_1524418?xtor=EPR-45020
    #cartographie_participative #Soudan #Forensics_Architectur #cartographie
    cc @reka @fil

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @odilon
    odilon @odilon CC BY-NC-ND 21/10/2016
    1
    @kassem
    1

    Study finds Brazil isn’t counting all deforestation in official estimates
    ▻https://news.mongabay.com/2016/10/study-finds-brazil-isnt-counting-all-deforestation-in-official-estima

    A new study published in the journal Conservation Letters finds that, between 2008 and 2012, close to 9,000 square kilometers (about 3,475 square miles) of the Brazilian Amazon were cleared without being detected by the government’s official monitoring system.
    Brazil’s Monitoring Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by Satellite Project (known as PRODES) has played a key role in Brazil’s recent efforts to rein in deforestation.
    But when researchers with Brown University compared data from PRODES with two independent satellite measures of forest loss — from the Global Forest Change project and the Fire Information for Resource Management Systems — they found an area of deforestation roughly the size of Puerto Rico was not included in the PRODES monitoring.

    https://news.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2016/10/1018-brazil-prodes-gfc-map-610x789.png

    #amazonie #déforestation #images_satellites

    odilon @odilon CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 9/05/2016
    @louca @shenriod

    Séisme en Equateur : Cartographie, #images_satellites des zones affectées et #aide_humanitaire

    De nombreux moyens permettent de localiser rapidement les destructions de bâtiments, les glissements de terrain, les routes endommagées, etc. afin, dans un premier temps, de permettre aux secours de se rendre dans les régions les plus touchées et parfois aussi les moins accessibles. Il s’agit d’études faites à partir de cartes (#Open_street_Map) et d’images satellites pour que les missions de sauvetage et les organisations humanitaires onusiennes puissent localiser les zones les plus affectées et dresser rapidement des cartes de dommages actualisables.

    https://planetevivante.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/sc3a9lection_009.png?w=1108&h=514 https://planetevivante.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/sc3a9lection_008.png?w=1108&h=830 https://planetevivante.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/sc3a9lection_011.png?w=1108&h=780

    ▻https://planetevivante.wordpress.com/2016/05/08/seisme-en-equateur-cartographie-images-satellites-des-zone

    #séisme #tremblement_de_terre #Equateur #cartographie #visualisation #OSM
    @louca @shenriod

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @odilon
    odilon @odilon CC BY-NC-ND 25/04/2016

    How Satellites and Big Data Can Help to Save the Oceans by Douglas McCauley: Yale Environment 360
    ▻http://e360.yale.edu/feature/how_satellites_and_big_data_can_help_to_save_the_oceans/2982

    A key question ahead is whether governments will realize the value of this new data and act on calls from the scientific community to require that more vessels carry these observation sensors and use them properly. We estimate that approximately 70 percent of all large fishing vessels worldwide are already equipped with these publicly accessible tracking systems. Some captains, unfortunately, misuse the tool by turning it off after leaving port or failing to enter proper vessel identification information into the system. All such noncompliance issues are readily detectable by big data processing.

    If political will can be mustered to close these loopholes, these observation technologies could shed an immense amount of light on our now-dark oceans.

    http://e360.yale.edu/images/features/NanrizhenAquacultureChina.gif

    Global Fishing Watch
    ►http://globalfishingwatch.org

    Global Fishing Watch is the product of a technology partnership between SkyTruth, Oceana, and Google that is designed to show all of the trackable fishing activity in the ocean. This interactive web tool – currently in prototype stage – is being built to enable anyone to visualize the global fishing fleet in space and time. Global Fishing Watch will reveal the intensity of fishing effort around the world, one of the stressors contributing to the precipitous decline of our fisheries.

    #océans #images_satellites #pêche #surpêche #aires_protégées

    odilon @odilon CC BY-NC-ND
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  • @cdb_77
    CDB_77 @cdb_77 20/02/2016
    1
    @unagi
    1
    @fil @reka

    Conflict Urbanism Aleppo

    First, we have built an open-source, interactive, data-rich map of the city of Aleppo, at the neighborhood scale. Users can navigate the city, with the aid of high resolution satellite imagery from before and during the current civil war, and explore geo-located data about cultural sites and urban damage. We will add data as it becomes available; currently we are grateful for datasets from from Human Rights Watch, the United Nations Operational Satellite Applications Programme (#UNOSAT), and the Humanitarian Information Unit (HIU) at the U.S. Department of State.

    http://c4sr.columbia.edu/conflict-urbanism-aleppo/img/HRWHeader_text-06.png

    ▻http://c4sr.columbia.edu/conflict-urbanism-aleppo
    #Alep #cartographie #visualisation #images_satellites #destruction #guerre #conflit
    cc @fil @reka

    CDB_77 @cdb_77
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  • @reka
    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA 4/10/2015
    2
    @loloster
    @gastlag
    2

    Satellite Images Reveal Humanity’s Mighty Impact, for Better or Worse - CityLab

    ▻http://www.citylab.com/weather/2015/09/mighty-and-ominous-satellite-images-of-the-human-condition/407095

    http://cdn.citylab.com/media/img/citylab/2015/09/satellite_images_imagery_nasa_environment_mines_refugee_camps_astronaut_photography_iss_2015/lead_large.jpg

    Benjamin Grant’s career as curator of startling satellite imagery began with, of all things, a problem with Apple’s much-maligned Maps app.

    He was preparing a lecture for friends about space and the overview effect and typed “Earth” to see if the map would zoom out all the way. “It actually went to Earth, Texas, a small town in the middle of nowhere,” says the 26-year-old New Yorker. “The entire scene filled up with pivot irrigation circles, these electric-motored irrigators that go in perfect circles. I was like, Oh my god, this is one of the most beautiful things I’ve ever seen.”

    #images_satellites #visualisation

    Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA
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  • @odilon
    odilon @odilon CC BY-NC-ND 14/04/2015
    1
    @reka
    1

    Boko Haram : des femmes et des jeunes filles forcées de participer aux attaques | Amnesty International France
    ▻http://www.amnesty.fr/Nos-campagnes/Crises-et-conflits-armes/Actualites/Boko-Haram-des-femmes-et-des-jeunes-filles-forcees-de-participer-aux-attaque

    Un an après la mobilisation #BringBackOurGirls, au moins 2 000 femmes et jeunes filles ont été enlevées par Boko Haram. Nombre d’entre elles ont été réduites à l’état d’esclaves sexuels et forcées au combat.

    #filles #femmes #violences_sexuelles

    Des #images_satellites réalisées à notre demande ont permis à l’organisation de montrer l’ampleur des dégâts causés par Boko Haram.

    http://www.amnesty.fr/sites/default/files/images/209352_imagery_from_bama_before_and_after_boko_haram_destruction._3_march_top_and_17_march_bottom_2015.img_assist_custom-490x571.jpg

    • #Amnesty International
    odilon @odilon CC BY-NC-ND
    • @reka
      Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA 15/04/2015

      #boko_haram #djihadisme

      Phil Reka docs & archives @reka CC BY-NC-SA
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Thèmes liés

  • #cartographie
  • #visualisation
  • #destruction
  • #réfugiés
  • #gaza
  • #surveillance
  • #images_satellitaires
  • #frontières
  • #satellites
  • #images
  • #israël
  • #palestine
  • #droits_humains
  • #asile
  • #forensic_architecture
  • #méditerranée
  • #architecture_forensique
  • #art
  • #bombardements
  • #cpi
  • #armée
  • company: google
  • region: méditerranée
  • organization: national aeronautics and space administration
  • #italie
  • country: chine
  • #bases_militaires
  • #sea-eye
  • #océans
  • #chine
  • #xinjiang
  • #justice
  • #rohingya
  • country: ukraine
  • country: italie
  • organization: amnesty international
  • #sauvetage
  • #migrations
  • industryterm: satellite imagery
  • #contrôle