Editorial: Urban Greening in the Global South: Green Gentrification and Beyond
▻https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsc.2022.865940
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Green Gentrification. Urban sustainability and the struggle for environmental justice
Green Gentrification looks at the social consequences of urban “greening” from an environmental justice and sustainable development perspective. Through a comparative examination of five cases of urban greening in Brooklyn, New York, it demonstrates that such initiatives, while positive for the environment, tend to increase inequality and thus undermine the social pillar of sustainable development. Although greening is ostensibly intended to improve environmental conditions in neighborhoods, it generates green gentrification that pushes out the working-class, and people of color, and attracts white, wealthier in-migrants. Simply put, urban greening “richens and whitens,” remaking the city for the sustainability class. Without equity-oriented public policy intervention, urban greening is negatively redistributive in global cities.
This book argues that environmental injustice outcomes are not inevitable. Early public policy interventions aimed at neighborhood stabilization can create more just sustainability outcomes. It highlights the negative social consequences of green growth coalition efforts to green the global city, and suggests policy choices to address them.
The book applies the lessons learned from green gentrification in Brooklyn to urban greening initiatives globally. It offers comparison with other greening global cities. This is a timely and original book for all those studying environmental justice, urban planning, environmental sociology, and sustainable development as well as urban environmental activists, city planners and policy makers interested in issues of urban greening and gentrification.
▻https://www.routledge.com/Green-Gentrification-Urban-sustainability-and-the-struggle-for-environmental/Gould-Lewis/p/book/9781138309135
#livre
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Reflections on Four Years of Housing-Justice Support Work with #Mapping_Action_Collective
Mapping Action Collective, based in #Portland, Oregon, leverages mapping and data to support housing-justice organizing, using #GIS to dismantle systems of oppression, and grounding its work in the needs of the communities and movements with which it works.
As the interwoven US crises of homelessness, evictions, displacement, and housing instability reach catastrophic levels, students, scholars, practitioners, and activists are joining the call of housing justice for all. In this article, we reflect on the work of Mapping Action Collective (#MAC), a small nonprofit organization based in Portland, Oregon, that over the past four years has leveraged mapping and data to support housing-justice organizing. MAC’s work includes curating and producing relevant nontraditional or hard-to-acquire datasets owned by and in support of community-based groups; developing decision-support software consisting of an interactive map; producing spatial analyses that support campaign work; and organizing educational workshops and events focused on applied critical methods and data literacy.
MAC formed out of a student club in Portland State University’s geography department, where several members became frustrated with the dominant paradigm of academic geographic information systems (GIS), which often fancies itself value-free, apolitical, or neutral, regardless of outputs or products that suggest otherwise. While critical perspectives have emerged in the domain of GIS since the 1990s, many of those criticisms are rarely considered in the standard quantitative GIS course curriculum. Few spaces are available for students to engage critically with their newfound data and mapping skills. The 2017 Resistance GIS (RGIS) conference provided a space to discuss and learn from other like-minded scholars, students, and organizers. Building on the work of critical geographers around the globe, at RGIS we asked ourselves if there was room for subversion of the status quo in GIS: can mapping and data be used to dismantle systems of oppression, rather than reinforce them?
Asset mapping and spatial analysis supporting Portland’s unhoused community
Shortly after the conference, our small student group grew into MAC and began to apply that question to our studies and work in Portland. Through a small grant from Second Nature, we focused our efforts on the exploding crisis of homelessness in our community. Grounding our work in non-extractive collaboration, we began building a relationship with Street Roots, a local nonprofit organization that, in addition to advocacy work, publishes a weekly alternative newspaper sold by people experiencing homelessness to earn an income. One of Street Roots’ main assets to the people it serves is the Rose City Resource (RCR), a comprehensive list of resources and services such as food boxes, bathrooms, needle exchanges, shelters, and counseling and recovery services. No other organization in the area curates such an important dataset for those experiencing homelessness, and this one could only be accessed in a printed three-by-three-inch (7.6 × 7.6 cm) paper booklet, and was updated only twice yearly.
While honoring the value of this paper booklet as a low-barrier, nontechnical way of sharing resources, we wondered if broadening its reach via mobile phone and web, or structuring its format for wider dissemination, would benefit Street Roots and the community it serves. Simultaneously, we reflected on the inherent problem of our outsider thinking and wanted to avoid preaching technology as savior. We learned more about the work Street Roots was doing, joined their events, and built relationships with Street Roots organizers and staff to learn what they needed to do their work. As it turned out, our thinking and Street Roots’ vision aligned—increasing the reach of the RCR was a necessary endeavor.
In late 2018, MAC and Street Roots staff began working together to navigate web development, data management, and data communication (the practice of informing, educating, and raising awareness of data-related topics), to create a tool that was accurate, accessible, and easy for Street Roots staff and volunteers to use and update. Most importantly, MAC wanted the tool to be useful to the community that Street Roots serves. To get feedback on the usability of the tool, MAC members stopped by the Street Roots HQ to test it with paper vendors, folks who dropped in to get coffee or use the restroom, and Street Roots volunteers. MAC integrated this feedback into the development of the tool. The end result was the Rose City Resource Online, a web application and data-transformation pipeline that was collaboratively created with the community it was intended to serve—designed to be easy to use, and functional for any member of the community to use to get up-to-date information about resources and services. The tool was officially launched at the onset of the Covid‑19 pandemic.
We also joined activists working to end the overpolicing and criminalization of people experiencing extreme poverty and homelessness on the streets of Portland. This criminalization occurs through excessive policing within “enhanced service districts” (ESDs). ESDs, similar to business improvement districts (BIDs), are zones where businesses and property owners pay an extra fee collected as a tax to pay for extra security and maintenance. Proponents of ESDs claim they facilitate urban beautification and keep neighborhoods safe, but overlook the reality that this process of so-called revitalization amounts to coercive exclusion of vulnerable people. Clean & Safe, Portland’s largest ESD in downtown, pays for armed and unarmed private security, and supervises six Portland Police officers who solely patrol in their district. In August 2020, an award-winning audit of ESDs revealed the City provides almost no oversight of the activities of these districts, even as they have large budgets and authority over public space. This year, Portland city commissioners will vote on whether to renew Clean & Safe’s 10‑year contract. Organizers and community members are preparing to oppose the contract, especially given recent scrutiny of the district and its managing organization, Portland Business Alliance.
West Coast–based activists from Right 2 Survive, Sisters of the Road, and the Western Regional Advocacy Project asked us to analyze and map police arrest data to strengthen their argument against ESDs. A report from the city auditor that incorporated arrest data from 2017 to 2018 had already concluded that over half of all arrests made by the Portland Police Bureau were of the unhoused. Building on that fact, our research found that the citywide average of arrests for unhoused individuals was 6.1 per square mile, but within the bounds of ESDs that number was 137.7. And while correlation is not causation, it is hard to ignore the magnitude in difference between these numbers.
Data on police harassment and arrest of the unhoused community are difficult to obtain and understand. Through our work with the anti-ESD team, MAC members have learned how to navigate the complicated system of roadblocks that keep this data from the public, and use the data to support the argument against policing homelessness.
Collaboratively developed tools for fighting displacement and speculationWe have also collaborated with organizations we consider leaders in the intersecting space of data activism and housing justice. In the summer of 2019, we joined the efforts of the Anti-Eviction Mapping Project (AEMP) to develop a tool to facilitate landlord and building research in San Francisco (and soon Oakland). For years, tenant unions and organizers have scrutinized corporate-ownership documents, property records, assessor data, and eviction data to unmask speculators, serial evictors, greedy landlords, and their entangled networks of limited-liability companies (LLCs) and shell companies. Investment companies purchase properties using different LLCs for the purpose of anonymity and liability reduction. The corporate web guarding landlords can make ownership and property research challenging and slow.
At the commencement of the project, AEMP contributors in San Francisco garnered feedback from their partners at the San Francisco Anti-Displacement Coalition and facilitated workshops with local tenant groups to assess their research needs and questions in fighting displacement. Shortly thereafter, MAC joined AEMP by assisting in the prototyping process, and by providing general support, design capacity, code contributions, and cloud infrastructure for hosting the project. The result is Evictorbook (in development), a web-based tool that simplifies organizer and tenant research by enabling a user to type an address, landlord, or neighborhood into a search bar to reveal a profile of a building’s eviction history, its owner, and the corporate network to which it belongs. The ability to surface this data to the user is the result of a custom data-processing pipeline that links and stores publicly available assessor, eviction, property, and corporate-ownership data in a regularly updated graph database. A public launch of Evictorbook is expected in the coming months.
Similar collaborative work has evolved through a partnership with the Urban Praxis Workshop (UPX) to redevelop Property Praxis, a research tool focused on speculative and bulk property ownership in the city of Detroit. Every year since 2015, members of UPX have curated a dataset that incorporates assessor data that is augmented with tax-foreclosure data and corporate filings to illuminate the LLCs and individuals that own more than 10 properties in the city. The intention of Property Praxis is to offer a more holistic understanding for organizers and community members of how speculative property ownership impacts Detroit neighborhoods. In late 2019, UPX asked MAC to build upon their previous work by modernizing the Property Praxis user interface and automating their data-curation process. The new version is currently in development and will be launched later this year.
Final thoughtsActivist work can be strengthened by research and data, but only if this is done in a way that is not extractive and based on community need (voiced by the community). Four years of experience working with MAC has taught us that grounding our work in the needs of the communities and movements we support is crucial to doing justice-oriented work. This can only happen by building successful, trusting, and long-lasting partnerships. By showing up and participating in community events and never moving forward on project work without meaningful discourse and consideration of community goals, we work towards dismantling the top-down legacy of data work. Even after several years of doing this work, we still have lessons to learn from our community partners on trust-building and accountability.
Part of our development as an organization over the last few years has been the choice to organize horizontally, make decisions through consensus, and avoid toxic tech culture in our own spaces. Such intentionality promotes healthy working environments and reflects the values at the core of our organization in our day-to-day operations. Organizing in this way is by no means simple, efficient, or profitable. It takes long conversations, trust-building among members, and solid conflict-resolution mechanisms to operate without hierarchy. Despite the extra time and mental and emotional labor that it can require, our group feels strongly that it is worth it.
While we try to hold these aspirational goals, we are also aware of our own complicity in problematic systems in the fields of research and data analysis. Recognizing and dismantling our own internalized norms of white supremacy, sexism, classism, and colonist behavior is work that is ongoing. We are a work in progress. We continue to be inspired and led by the work of our partners and we look forward to many more years of collaborative work.
▻https://metropolitics.org/Reflections-on-Four-Years-of-Housing-Justice-Support-Work-with-Mappin
#résistance #cartographie #visualisation #cartographie_participative #USA #Etats-Unis #logement #justice_spatiale #ressources_pédagogiquesping @visionscarto @reka
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Mapping for Social Justice
The Mapping Action Collective is a group based in Portland, Oregon that specialize in data-visualization, mapping, and data analysis. We support grassroots organizations and individuals by providing them with maps, data, and training in data literacy. We collaborate with these groups to help them analyze and visualize data in a way that can support and elevate the work they are doing. Our work has a strong emphasis on collaboration rather than dictation. As data activists, we advocate for publicly accessible data and open source software and hope to dismantle some of the barriers of access to data analysis tools.
https://mappingaction.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/APANO_walking2-e1545438839462.jpg?w=669&h=495#.jpg
We aim to be collaborators, not just allies, when supporting frontline communities, always working toward building trust and long-term partnerships with the groups we work with. As GIS students and practitioners, we want to build a system to support one another not just to network or get ahead professionally, but to foster a critically thinking and socially just community.Maps are a manifestation of how we visualize space and place. They should be tools for all communities to use and create. We seek out collaborative and community-based projects that use data to disrupt existing power structures and elevate voices that have been marginalized, diminished, or misrepresented by the GIS status-quo.
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Blackness as a practice of freedom
▻https://us12.campaign-archive.com/?u=3310abe499733dcec66fe3782&id=d7b286e20e
“What we’re doing is creating something different. For me, it’s a different way of viewing myself, a different way of living, a different way of loving my blackness.”
—Kristina from Black Lives and Spatial MattersTo help people think more deeply about race, freedom, and the policing of metropolitan space in the United States, Cornell University Press has moved forward the publication of the Black Lives and Spatial Matters: Policing Blackness and Practicing Freedom in Suburban St. Louis by Jodi Rios (@rios_jss). In addition, we are also offering the ebook for free (through August 31st) to anyone who wants to engage with this crucial conversation because we believe that books can change the world around us.
From author Jodi Rios: “At its core, this book is about two powerful sets of practices—the cultural politics of race and space that attaches risk to Black people and Black space, and the politics of possibility that reaffirms blackness as a unique site of imagination and freedom. I ask that we reconsider the epistemic violence that is committed when scholars, policy makers, and the general public frame Black precarity as just another racial, cultural, or ethnic conflict that can be solved through legal, political, or economic means.”
#black_lives_matter et #justice_spatiale #géographie_critique #cartoexperiemnt
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L’ouvrage « Fitzgerald » de William Bunge est téléchargeable au format numérique. Publié suite aux soulèvements de Détroit (1967), il combine géographie et cartographie pour traiter des questions de justice socio-spatiale dans les villes US
Project MUSE - Fitzgerald
▻https://muse.jhu.edu/book/11514
/book/11514/og_image.jpgThis on-the-ground study of one square mile in Detroit was written in collaboration with neighborhood residents, many of whom were involved with the famous Detroit Geographical Expedition and Institute. Fitzgerald, at its core, is dedicated to understanding global phenomena through the intensive study of a small, local place.
Beginning with an 1816 encounter between the Ojibwa population and the neighborhood’s first surveyor, William Bunge examines the racialized imposition of local landscapes over the course of European American settlement. Historical events are firmly situated in space—a task Bunge accomplishes through liberal use of maps and frequent references to recognizable twentieth-century landmarks.
More than a work of historical geography, Fitzgerald is a political intervention. By 1967 the neighborhood was mostly African American; Black Power was ascendant; and Detroit would experience a major riot. Immersed in the daily life of the area, Bunge encouraged residents to tell their stories and to think about local politics in spatial terms. His desire to undertake a different sort of geography led him to create a work that was nothing like a typical work of social science. The jumble of text, maps, and images makes it a particularly urgent book—a major theoretical contribution to urban geography that is also a startling evocation of street-level Detroit during a turbulent era."
William Bunge, the DGEI, & Radical Cartography | Counter Map Collection
▻http://countermapcollection.org/paratexts/commentaries/william-bunge-dgei-radical-cartography“Radical cartography” is the preferred term of many activist map-makers working today, including Bill Rankin, Hackitectura, the Institute for Applied Autonomy, The Counter Cartographies Collective, Alexis Bhagat, Lize Mogel and others. In their incisive introduction to An Atlas of Radical Cartography, Bhagat and Mogel explain: “[w]e define radical cartography as the practice of mapmaking that subverts conventional notions in order to actively promote social change. The object of critique . . . is not cartography per se (as is generally meant by the overlapping term critical cartography), but rather social relations” (6). Craig Dalton and Liz Mason-Deese of the Counter Cartographies Collective argue similarly for “mapping as militant research.” “As autonomous, militant research,” they argue, “this mapping aims to foster cooperation among researchers and participants to practically intervene in real problems without attempting to marshal state or administrative power” (439).
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Film geographies is a forum that includes everything related to films and geography. We stream films made by geographers, and films about geography. We offer a space where films cannot just be peer reviewed, but they can also be interpreted by viewers.
►https://www.filmgeographies.com
#vidéo #film #ressources_pédagogiques #géographie
ping @reka @franz42-
This short animated film introduces the concept of spatial justice to general audiences, with particular reference to #Edward_Soja ’s work. The purpose of the short is to show the distributive geographic dimensions of place and justice by illustrating choices that affect every person and every space: the uneven accessibility of services and amenities, the impacts of byproducts, and economic vulnerabilities. The film concludes with ways to improve spatial justice, ranging from individual actions such as supporting the localization of food production to broader societal imperatives of improving sustainable infrastructure in remote communities.
▻https://www.filmgeographies.com/video/social-justice/what-is-spatial-justice
#justice_spatiale #Soja
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Academics, don’t write for #The_Conversation, they are not good people. I judge you every single time you post Conversation links. It’s like wearing a sticker saying you don’t support your precarious colleagues.
The Conversation won’t let non-affiliated academics write for them, thus excluding casualised and unemployed academics. They also syndicate to the right wing press, thus exposing scholars doing anti-racist, pro-migration, and gender work to a great deal of abuse.
▻https://twitter.com/DrFloraPoste/status/1110139262157099008
#publication #stratégie_de_publication #édition_scientifique #université #précarité #extrême_droite
#boycott ?-
#Alternatives (surtout, mais pas que, pour les géographes) :
1. #Métropolitiques
▻https://www.metropolitiques.eu2. #Visionscarto @visionscarto :
►https://visionscarto.net3. Rubrique « espace public » de la revue en ligne #JSSJ (#justice_spatiale / #spatial_justice) :
▻https://www.jssj.org/issue/juillet-2018-espace-public4. Revue #Vacarme (@vacarme) :
▻https://vacarme.org5. #Raison_publique :
▻http://www.raison-publique.fr6. #La_vie_des_idées :
▻https://laviedesidees.fr7. #AOC :
▻https://aoc.media -
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merci pour les alternatives, existe-t-il toutefois une source fiable (je ne connais pas ce compte touitter) de ces allégations ?
notamment: “syndicate to the right wing press, thus exposing scholars doing anti-racist, pro-migration, and gender work to a great deal of abuse.” -
Non, je n’en ai pas pour l’instant, mais je suis preneuse pour plus d’informations...
Sur seenthis, il y a cela :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/735057
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#Peuples_autochtones et #justice_spatiale
▻http://www.jssj.org/issue/mars-2017-dossier-thematique
#espace #géographie #espaces_protégés #Mumbai #Le_Cap #Xochimilco #parcs_nationaux #ville #urban_matter #droit_à_la_ville #San_Francisco #USA #Etats-Unis #Afrique_du_Sud #lieux_sacrés #Bolivie #Amazonie #terres #Québec #Canada@reka : y ont contribué nos chères @IreneHirt et @BeatriceCollignon
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J’ai trouvé particulièrement intéressants ces deux entretiens :
Les peuples autochtones et la justice spatiale. Un entretien avec Renee LOUIS PUALANI
▻http://www.jssj.org/article/les-peuples-autochtones-et-la-justice-spatiale-un-entretien-avec-renee-louis-pDes Innus du Québec aux Nations Unies, en passant par les Yanomami du Brésil : un parcours (accidenté) de collaboration, par Pierrette Birraux
▻http://www.jssj.org/article/des-innus-du-quebec-aux-nations-unies-en-passant-par-les-yanomami-du-bresil-un -
Vast Indigenous Land Claims in Canada Encompass Parliament Hill
#PIKWAKANAGAN FIRST NATION, Ontario — Whenever Prime Minister Justin Trudeau or his cabinet ministers speak in certain parts of Ontario or Quebec, they begin by acknowledging they are on “unceded #Algonquin territory.”
That recognition is just one of the ways Mr. Trudeau’s government has been trying to signal a top priority: righting the wrongs Canada has done to indigenous people, especially over land that aboriginals say was taken from them unjustly.
But finding common ground on this issue has proved to be one of Mr. Trudeau’s most difficult policy initiatives, and critics say efforts to resolve the land disputes have bogged down. But both sides agree on the importance of sorting out the claims.
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/12/world/canada/canada-first-nations-algonquin-land-claims.html?smid=tw-nytimesworld&smtyp=
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Découvrir la #géoéthique à travers le territoire brésilien : justice et injustice spatiales
Pour ce premier café géo de la saison 2016-2017, les Cafés Géographiques de Chambéry-Annecy reçoivent M. Bernard Bret, professeur émérite à l’Université de Lyon, qui vient nous parler de la justice spatiale, une thématique qu’il a largement étudiée au cours de sa carrière. Il fait en effet figure de pionnier, en langue française, des travaux visant à rapprocher une interrogation d’ordre philosophique autour de la justice et une approche de l’inégalité telle qu’elle est inscrite dans l’espace, ou même telle qu’elle peut naître de l’espace. D’autre part, Bernard Bret a beaucoup travaillé sur le #Brésil, un pays marqué par des clivages socio-spatiaux extrêmement forts. Pour ce café géo, il a donc choisi de coupler cette réflexion thématique sur la justice à son terrain de prédilection, le Brésil. Le propos sera largement d’ordre théorique, bien qu’appuyé sur des faits brésiliens, dans la mesure où la théorie doit servir à comprendre le réel.
▻http://cafe-geo.net/decouvrir-la-geoethique-a-travers-le-territoire-bresilien-justice-et-injus
#justice_spatiale #injustice_spatiale #éthique #géographie #inégalités
via @franz42 -
Élisée Reclus, le géographe qui n’aimait pas les cartes !
Aujourd’hui, chez Visionscarto on avait envie de se précipiter dans l’histoire et on publie trois archives qui retracent - grâce à Béatrice Collignon et Federico Ferretti - un peu de l’histoire et de l’œuvre des deux immenses géographes et cartographes (et humanistes) qu’étaient Élisée Reclus et Charles Perron.
Charles Perron et la juste représentation du monde
►http://visionscarto.net/charles-perron
par Federico FerrettiÉlisée Reclus, le géographe qui n’aimait pas les cartes
►http://visionscarto.net/elisee-reclus-n-aime-pas-les-cartes
par Federico FerrettiLe monde sans la carte
►http://visionscarto.net/le-monde-sans-la-carte
par Béatrice CollignonN’oubliez jamais qu’ « Il n’en reste pas moins vrai que la Terre est ronde et que les cartes devraient logiquement l’être aussi... »
#Anarchisme #Justice_spatiale #Cartographie #Enseignement #Géographie #Histoire #Socialisme_libertaire #Suisse #Utopies #Précurseurs
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Elisée Reclus
Édition établie et présentée par Alexandre Chollier et Federico FerrettiA l’heure où le pouvoir de la cartographie paraît sans limite, où, par la force et la vitesse de calcul, les artifices et les conventions qui l’ont rendue possible s’estompent de plus en plus et deviennent de plus en plus difficiles à discerner, son ambivalence doit être plus que jamais soulignée. A la fois remède et poison, #la_carte peut en effet figurer comme défigurer le monde, nous mettre en relation comme faire écran. A la réflexion, le cartographe n’est pas tant celui qui dessine la carte que celui qui va conserver en lui, coûte que coûte, la capacité d’être questionné par ce qu’il est en train de réaliser ou d’utiliser. Dans l’esprit d’Élisée Reclus (1830-1905) ce questionnement s’inscrit dans la volonté de nous en tenir toujours à la vérité géographique, quand bien même « toutes les représentations et tous les symboles de la vie sont sans grand rapport avec la vie elle-même », quand bien même « nos ouvrages sont dérisoires en regard de la nature ». Il sait que c’est un cas de conscience pour les géographes et les cartographes de toujours montrer la #surface_terrestre telle qu’ils la savent être et non telle que l’on voudrait qu’elle paraisse. Conscience cartographique donc, marquant le chemin à parcourir jusqu’à la « cartographie vraie », ainsi que la distance nous en séparant encore. Écrits cartographiques rassemble les #écrits_cartographiques majeurs, pour une part inédits, d’Élisée Reclus et de ses proches collaborateurs, Paul Reclus, Charles Perron et Franz Schrader. Aujourd’hui, plus que jamais, nous avons besoin d’une cartographie capable de donner à sentir et percevoir l’unité terrestre, en son tout et en ses parties. Les objets (globes, cartes, reliefs) conçus et imaginés par Reclus et ses proches l’ont été dans ce but.
▻http://www.heros-limite.com/livres/ecrits-cartographiques
http://www.heros-limite.com/v3/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/DSC01944-e1476775627961.jpg 
http://www.librairie-quilombo.org/local/cache-gd2/0d/da8e2ccf26ecb6ae8721a4c21e1194.jpg?1464583720
▻http://www.heros-limite.com/livres/lhomme-des-boisLe recueil L’homme des bois rassemble les écrits qu’Elisée Reclus (1830-1905), l’un des géographes les plus célèbres de son époque, et son frère aîné Elie Reclus (1827-1904), ont consacrés à l’Indien, l’habitant naturel des grands espaces américains, bien avant que ceux-ci ne deviennent Canada, Etats-Unis et Mexique que nous connaissons aujourd’hui.
L’attention qu’Elisée Reclus porte aux #Indiens dans la Nouvelle Géographie Universelle (1876-1894), relève d’une démarche incluant pour la première fois, dans des ouvrages géographiques, la critique des crimes coloniaux, de la Conquista jusqu’aux Empires européens de la fin du 19e siècle. Les Indiens intéressent Reclus à la fois comme population indigène et en tant que victimes des persécutions et du racisme des prétendus civilisateurs blancs.
Le géographe est fasciné par leur manière de vivre qui lui fournira, non pas des modèles, mais une source pour sa conception idéale de la société qu’il développera dans des écrits plus proprement anarchistes. #Elisée_Reclus a connu l’Amérique pendant son premier exil, de 1852 à 1857, en voyageant de la Louisiane jusqu’à la Sierra Nevada de Sainte-Marthe, où il avait essayé de fonder une communauté capable d’abriter d’autres exilés républicains européens, en s’inspirant de la très connue « utopie tropicale » d’Alexandre de Humboldt.
Reclus deviendra célèbre aussi pour ses articles sur la guerre de sécession américaine, publiés dans la Revue des deux mondes de 1861 à 1865, qui lui valent la consécration comme porte-parole officieux du mouvement anti-esclavagiste américain. #Les_frères_Reclus sont passionnés par les moeurs des populations indigènes et y portent un regard qui ne relève jamais de la prétention de supériorité dudit « civilisé ».
Les textes d’Elie sur la mythologie et la culture indiennes font écho aux articles de la Nouvelle Géographie Universelle d’Elisée. Il nous est paru important de présenter à la fois des textes d’Elisée et d’Elie, car leur étroite collaboration, commencée dans les milieux socialistes français et ayant contribué à la naissance du #mouvement_anarchiste international, se poursuit dans leurs carrières scientifiques respectives.
Si Elie est bien moins connu que son frère, ses travaux comme #ethnographe et comme responsable de la bibliothèque de Hachette font de lui un des collaborateurs et des informateurs privilégiés de l’ouvrage encyclopédique d’Elisée.Les Apaches proprement dits se sont eux-mêmes donné l’appelation de Shis Inday ou hommes des bois. Ils parcourent, plutôt qu’ils n’habitent, le vaste #territoire à limites indécises, qui, des rives du Grand-Lac Salé au nord, descend vers Chihuahua au sud, et s’étend de la Californie et du Sonore à l’ouest, jusque dans le Texas et le Nouveau Mexique à l’est ; il est silloné par le Rio Grande qui débouche dans l’Atlantique, par un autre Rio Grande et par le Rio Gila qui se déversent dans le Pacifique.
Les deux frères Reclus sont les premiers, parmi les scientifiques européens, à aborder l’Ailleurs de façon différente, pour arriver à penser le monde autrement. L’Ailleurs si souvent bafoué est longtemps demeuré inconnu. Dès le moment que nous le pensons, il nous apparaît plus proche. Si proche qu’il remet en cause nos manière d’être.
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Justice spatiale | Pearltrees
▻http://www.pearltrees.com/t/geographie/justice-spatiale/id15948225
Un bel « arbre perlé » sur la justice spatiale (avec au passage un chouette fond d’écran :) ha ha !
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Notion à la une : #justice_spatiale
La notion de justice spatiale ne doit pas être entendue comme une justice entre les lieux, mais comme la dimension spatiale de la justice entre les hommes. Parce que les sociétés organisent l’espace qu’elles habitent, les territoires reflètent les rapports sociaux. Parler de la justice spatiale, c’est donc parler du socio-spatial : action du social sur le spatial et rétroaction du spatial sur le social.
▻http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/informations-scientifiques/a-la-une/notion-a-la-une/notion-a-la-une-justice-spatiale
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Carte : Allemagne : géographie du chômage (Cécile Marin, Le Monde diplomatique, mai 2015)
▻http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/cartes/chomage-allemagne#Carte #Cartographie #Géographie #Allemagne #Chômage #Inégalités #Cécile_Marin #Géographie_de_l_Allemagne #Géographie_du_Chômage #Géographie_des_Inégalités #Inégalités_Spatiales #Injustice_Spatiale #Justice_Spatiale #Chômage_en_Allemagne #Géographie_de_l°europe
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Reclus E., 2011, Projet de globe au 100.000e, Paris, Éditions B2, 96 p. (Première édition : 1895). Introduction de Nikola Jankovic
▻http://cybergeo.revues.org/24955Cet élégant livre de petit format est la réédition critique de l’un des écrits les plus originaux d’Élisée Reclus (1830-1905)1 : le projet pour le Grand Globe proposé pour l’Exposition universelle de Paris de 1900.
#livre #utopie #géographie #cartographie-
Ah ! Mon collègue et ami @FedericoFerretti, il a toujours quelque chose à dire sur #Reclus !
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En effet (il me reste un peu de mémoire...) - il y a ces trois contribution dont nous sommes très fiers :
Charles Perron et la juste représentation du monde
►http://visionscarto.net/charles-perron
par Federico FerrettiÉlisée Reclus, le géographe qui n’aimait pas les cartes
►http://visionscarto.net/elisee-reclus-n-aime-pas-les-cartes
par Federico FerrettiLe monde sans la carte
►http://visionscarto.net/le-monde-sans-la-carte
par Béatrice CollignonN’oubliez jamais qu’ « Il n’en reste pas moins vrai que la Terre est ronde et que les cartes devraient logiquement l’être aussi... »
#Anarchisme #Justice_spatiale #Cartographie #Enseignement #Géographie #Histoire #Socialisme_libertaire #Suisse #Utopies #Précurseurs
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Des corps dans les espaces publics : sécurité et politique
▻http://www.jssj.org/issue/decembre-2011-editorial
Nous évoquions dans l’éditorial du numéro 3 la force du lien entre espace public et justice spatiale. Il nous semble que, depuis, elle est devenue encore plus visible et que ceci entre en résonance avec la thématique du dossier du présent numéro sur la « sécurité urbaine ». Sécurité pour qui et pour quoi ?
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« La France est fâchée avec le pays réel » - Libération
▻http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2013/06/28/la-france-fachee-avec-le-pays-reel_914526INTERVIEW - L’Hexagone a achevé son urbanisation. Mais ses dirigeants s’accrochent à une ruralité fantasmée. Le géographe Jacques Lévy explique comment ce déni entretient les archaïsmes dans la gouvernance des territoires et plaide pour un nouveau contrat géographique et une justice spatiale.
En principe, la troisième réforme de la décentralisation, en cours au Parlement, devrait renforcer les métropoles et les régions. Là se situent en effet les échelons majeurs du développement dans une économie mondialisée. Mais dans un vieux pays jacobin comme la France, où règne une image fantasmée de la ruralité, rien n’est simple.
Géographe, professeur à l’Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Jacques Lévy explique dans son dernier livre, Réinventer la France, comment les archaïsmes de la vision française du territoire sont contre-productifs et aboutissent à des politiques « d’injustice spatiale ». Il plaide en outre pour que ces questions entrent enfin dans le débat public.
via @SH_lelabo sur Twitter
#Jacques_Lévy #géographie #justice_spatiale-
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On dirait une caricature, si une telle pensée n’annonçait une extension de la colonisation des territoires intérieurs par les métropoles, leurs experts et leurs inégalités déferlantes :
Les paysages de campagne ne signifient pas qu’on est dans le rural et il n’y a plus en France de sociétés, même très locales, qu’on puisse qualifier de rurales.
Qu’est-ce qui caractérise ce périurbain ?
Les résidents périurbains ont fait le choix d’une certaine façon d’habiter. Pour l’essentiel, ce n’est pas, comme on le dit souvent à tort, le lieu de la pauvreté ou d’une localisation subie. Ces situations se trouvent plutôt dans les cités de banlieue et dans l’hypo-urbain, encore plus loin des villes que le périurbain.
Ricanons encore davantage :
Même si elle est en recul, l’idée selon laquelle la capitale « siphonnerait » les richesses du territoire français demeure vivace. C’est un reste de la théorie des physiocrates du XVIIIe siècle, selon laquelle la seule production était agricole et les villes en étaient des parasites grâce à leur position sur les réseaux de transports. Cette représentation, pas entièrement fausse à l’époque des octrois, est devenue totalement fantaisiste depuis la révolution industrielle.
Si encore il se produisait quoi que ce soit d’autre que du financier et du culturel à Paris, on pourrait en rire. Je propose donc aux parisiens désormais de se nourrir de culture et de ne respirer que leur bon air pollué, ça nous ferait des congés payés.
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