• « Trump acte la discontinuité du territoire palestinien » - Libération
    https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2020/03/05/trump-acte-la-discontinuite-du-territoire-palestinien_1780723

    Le géographe palestinien, #Khalil_Tafajki, suit depuis plusieurs dizaines d’années le morcellement de la carte des Territoires palestiniens. Le plan Trump annoncé fin janvier ne fait qu’accentuer leur encerclement par Israël.

    #israël #Palestine #colonisation #dépossession #démolition

  • Old Palestinian photos & films hidden in IDF archive show different history than Israeli claims

    Palestinian photos and films seized by Israeli troops have been gathering dust in the army and Defense Ministry archives until Dr. Rona Sela, a curator and art historian, exposed them. The material presents an alternative to the Zionist history that denied the Palestinians’ existence here, she says.

    The initial reaction is one of incredulity: Why is this material stored in the Israel Defense Forces and Defense Ministry Archive? The first item is labeled, in Hebrew, “The History of Palestine from 1919,” the second, “Paintings by Children Who Go to School and Live in a Refugee Camp and Aspire to Return to Palestine.” The third is, “Depiction of the IDF’s Treatment and Harsh Handling of Palestinians in the Territories.”

    Of all places, these three reels of 16-mm film are housed in the central archive that documents Israel’s military-security activities. It’s situated in Tel Hashomer, near the army’s National Induction Center, outside Tel Aviv.

    IDF archive contains 2.7 million photos, 38,000 films

    The three items are barely a drop in an ocean of some 38,000 films, 2.7 million photographs, 96,000 audio recordings and 46,000 maps and aerial photos that have been gathered into the IDF Archive since 1948, by order of Israel’s first prime minister and defense minister, David Ben-Gurion. However, a closer perusal shows that this particular “drop in the ocean” is subversive, exceptional and highly significant.

    The footage in question is part of a collection – whose exact size and full details remain unknown – of “war booty films” seized by the IDF from Palestinian archives in raids over the years, though primarily in the 1982 Lebanon War.

    Recently, however, following a persistent, protracted legal battle, the films confiscated in Lebanon, which had been gathering dust for decades – instead of being screened in cinematheques or other venues in Israel – have been rescued from oblivion, along with numerous still photos. The individual responsible for this development is Dr. Rona Sela, a curator and researcher of visual history at Tel Aviv University.

    For nearly 20 years, Sela has been exploring Zionist and Palestinian visual memory. She has a number of important revelations and discoveries to her credit, which she has published in the form of books, catalogs and articles. Among the Hebrew-language titles are “Photography in Palestine/Eretz-Israel in the ‘30s and ‘40s” (2000) and “Made Public: Palestinian Photographs in Military Archives in Israel” (2009). In March, she published an article in the English-language periodical Social Semiotics on, “The Genealogy of Colonial Plunder and Erasure – Israel’s Control over Palestinian Archives.”

    Now Sela has made her first film, “Looted and Hidden: Palestinian Archives in Israel,” an English-language documentary that surveys the fate of Palestinian photographs and films that were “captured” and deposited in Israeli archives. It includes heretofore unseen segments from films seized by the IDF from Palestinian archives in Beirut. These documentary records, Sela says, “were erased from consciousness and history” for decades.

    Sela begins journey in 1998

    Getting access to the films was not easy, Sela explains. Her archival journey began in 1998, when she was researching Zionist propaganda films and photos that sought to portray the “new Jew” – muscular, proudly tilling the soil – in contradistinction, according to the Zionist perception, to the supposedly degenerate and loutish Palestinian Arab.

    “After spending a few years in the Central Zionist Archive in Jerusalem and in other Zionist archives, researching the history of Zionist photography and the construction of a visual propaganda apparatus supporting the Zionist idea, I started to look for Palestinian visual representation as well, in order to learn about the Palestinian narrative and trace its origins and influence,” she says.

    That task was far more complicated than anyone could have imagined. In some of the Zionist films and photos, Sela was able to discern, often incidentally, episodes from Palestinian history that had “infiltrated” them, as she puts it. For example, in Carmel Newsreels (weekly news footage screened at local cinemas) from 1951, showing the settlement of Jews in Jaffa, demolished and abandoned Arab homes are clearly visible.

    Subsequently, Sela spotted traces and remnants of a genuine Palestinian visual archive occasionally cropping up in Israeli archives. Those traces were not immediately apparent, more like an elusive treasure concealed here and there beneath layers of restrictions, erasures and revisions.

    Khalil Rassass, father of Palestinian photojournalism

    Thus, one day she noticed in the archive of the pre-state Haganah militia, stills bearing the stamp “Photo Rissas.” Digging deeper, she discovered the story of Chalil Rissas (Khalil Rassass, 1926-1974), one of the fathers of Palestinian photojournalism. He’s unknown to the general public, whether Palestinian or Israel, but according to Sela, he was a “daring, groundbreaking photographer” who, motivated by a sense of national consciousness, documented the pre-1948 Palestinian struggle.

    Subsequently she found hundreds of his photographs, accompanied by captions written by soldiers or Israeli archive staff who had tried to foist a Zionist narrative on them and disconnect them from their original context. The source of the photographs was a Jewish youth who received them from his father, an IDF officer who brought them back with him from the War of Independence as booty.

    The discovery was unprecedented. In contrast to the Zionist propaganda images that exalted the heroism of the Jewish troops and barely referred to the Palestinians, Rissas’ photographs were mainly of Palestinian fighters. Embodying a proud Palestinian stance, they focused on the national and military struggle and its outcome, including the Palestinians’ military training and deployment for battle.

    “I realized that I’d come across something significant, that I’d found a huge cache of works by one of the fathers of Palestinian photography, who had been the first to give visual expression to the Palestinian struggle,” Sela recalls. “But when I tried to learn more about Chalil Rissas, I understood that he was a forgotten photographer, that no one knew the first thing about him, either in Israel or elsewhere.”

    Sela thereupon decided to study the subject herself. In 1999, she tracked down Rissas’ brother, Wahib, who was working as a photographer of tourists on the Temple Mount / Haram a-Sharif in Jerusalem’s Old City. He told her the story of Chalil’s life. It turned out that he had accompanied Palestinian troops and leaders, visually documenting the battles fought by residents of the Jerusalem area during the 1948 War of Independence. “He was a young man who chose the camera as an instrument for changing people’s consciousness,” Sela says.

    Ali Za’arur, forgotten Palestinian photographer

    Around 2007, she discovered the archive of another forgotten Palestinian photographer, Ali Za’arur (1900-1972), from Azzariyeh, a village east of Jerusalem. About 400 of his photos were preserved in four albums. They also depicted scenes from the 1948 war, in which Za’arur accompanied the forces of Jordan’s Arab Legion and documented the battle for the Old City of Jerusalem. He photographed the dead, the ruins, the captives, the refugees and the events of the cease-fire.

    In the Six-Day War of 1967, Za’arur fled from his home for a short time. When he returned, he discovered that the photo albums had disappeared. A relative, it emerged, had given them to Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek as a gift. Afterward, the Jerusalem Foundation donated them to the IDF Archive. In 2008, in an unprecedented act, the archive returned the albums to Za’arur’s family. The reason, Sela surmises, is that the albums were captured by the army in battle. In any event, this was, as far as is known, a unique case.

    Sela took heart from the discoveries she’d made, realizing that “with systematic work, it would be possible to uncover more Palestinian archives that ended up in Israeli hands.”

    That work was three-pronged: doing archival research to locate Palestinian photographs and films that had been incorporated into Israeli archives; holding meetings with the Palestinian photographers themselves, or members of their families; and tracking down Israeli soldiers who had taken part in “seizing these visual spoils” and in bringing them to Israel.

    In the course of her research Sela met some fascinating individuals, among them Khadijeh Habashneh, a Jordan-based Palestinian filmmaker who headed the archive and cinematheque of the Palestinian Cinema Institute. That institution, which existed from the end of the 1960s until the early ‘80s, initially in Jordan and afterward in Lebanon, was founded by three pioneering Palestinian filmmakers – Sulafa Jadallah, Hani Jawhariyyeh and Mustafa Abu Ali (Habashneh’s husband) – who sought to document their people’s way of life and national struggle. Following the events of Black September in 1970, when the Jordanian army and the Palestine Liberation Organization fought a bloody internecine war, the filmmakers moved to Lebanon and reestablished the PCI in Beirut.

    Meeting with Habashneh in Amman in 2013, Sela heard the story of the Palestinian archives that disappeared, a story she included in her new documentary. “Where to begin, when so much material was destroyed, when a life project falls apart?” Habashneh said to Sela. “I can still see these young people, pioneers, bold, imbued with ideals, revolutionaries, who created pictures and films and documented the Palestinian revolution that the world doesn’t want to see. They refused to be faceless and to be without an identity.”

    The archive established by Habashneh contained forgotten works that documented the Palestinians’ suffering in refugee camps, the resistance to Israel and battles against the IDF, as well as everyday life. The archive contained the films and the raw materials of the PCI filmmakers, but also collected other early Palestinian films, from both before and after 1948.

    Spirit of liberation

    This activity reflects “a spirit of liberation and revolt and the days of the revolution,” Habashneh says in Sela’s film, referring to the early years of the Palestinian national movement. That spirit was captured in underground photographs and with a minimal budget, on film that was developed in people’s kitchens, screened in tents in refugee camps and distributed abroad. Women, children, fighters, intellectuals and cultural figures, and events of historic importance were documented, Habashneh related. “As far as is known, this was the first official Palestinian visual archive,” Sela notes.

    In her conversation with Sela, Habashneh nostalgically recalled other, better times, when the Palestinian films were screened in a Beirut cinematheque, alongside other works with a “revolutionary spirit,” from Cuba, Chile, Vietnam and elsewhere. “We were in contact with filmmakers from other countries, who saw the camera as an instrument in the hands of the revolution and the people’s struggle,” she recalled.

    “Interesting cultural cooperation developed there, centering around revolutionary cinema,” Sela points out, adding, “Beirut was alive with an unprecedented, groundbreaking cultural flowering that was absolutely astonishing in terms of its visual significance.”

    IDF confiscates film archive

    But in 1982, after the IDF entered Beirut, that archive disappeared and was never seen again. The same fate befell two films made by Habashneh herself, one about children, the other about women. In Sela’s documentary, Habashneh wonders aloud about the circumstances in which the amazing collection disappeared. “Is our fate to live a life without a past? Without a visual history?” she asks. Since then, she has managed to reconstruct a small part of the archive. Some of the films turned up in the United States, where they had been sent to be developed. Copies of a few others remained in movie theaters in various countries where they were screened. Now in her seventies, Habashneh continues to pursue her mission, even though, as she told Sela during an early conversation, “the fate of the archive remains a puzzle.”

    What Habashneh wasn’t able to accomplish beginning in 1982 as part of a worldwide quest, Sela managed to do over the course of a few years of research in Israel. She began by locating a former IDF soldier who told her about the day on which several trucks arrived at the building in Beirut that housed a number of Palestinian archives and began to empty it out. That testimony, supported by a photograph, was crucial for Sela, as it corroborated the rumors and stories about the Palestinian archives having been taken to Israel.

    The same soldier added that he had been gripped by fear when he saw, among the photos that were confiscated from the archive, some that documented Israeli soldiers in the territories. He himself appeared in one of them. “They marked us,” he said to Sela.

    Soldiers loot Nashashibi photos & possessions, take photo from corpse

    Another former soldier told Sela about an unusual photo album that was taken (or looted, depending on one’s point of view) from the home of the prominent Nashashibi family in Jerusalem, in 1948. The soldier added that his father, who had served as an IDF officer in the War of Independence, entered a photography studio and made off with its archive, while other soldiers were busy looting pianos and other expensive objects from the Nashashibis. Another ex-soldier testified to having taken a photo from the corpse of an Arab. Over time, all these images found their way to archives in Israel, in particular the IDF Archive.

    Sela discovers IDF archive

    In 2000, Sela, buoyed by her early finds, requested permission from that archive to examine the visual materials that had been seized by the army in the 1980s. The initial response was denial: The material was not in Israel’s hands, she was told.

    “But I knew what I was looking for, because I had soldiers’ testimonies,” she says now, adding that when she persisted in her request, she encountered “difficulties, various restrictions and the torpedoing of the possibility of perusing the material.”

    The breakthrough came when she enlisted the aid of attorneys Michael Sfard and Shlomi Zacharia, in 2008. To begin with, they received word, confirmed by the Defense Ministry’s legal adviser, that various spoils taken in Beirut were now part of the IDF Archive. However, Sela was subsequently informed that “the PLO’s photography archive,” as the Defense Ministry referred in general to photographic materials taken from the Palestinians, is “archival material on matters of foreign affairs and security, and as such is ‘restricted material’ as defined in Par. 7(a) of the Archives Regulations.”

    Then, one day in 2010, Sela received a fax informing her that Palestinian films had been found in the IDF Archive, without elaboration, and inviting her to view them. “There were a few dozen segments from films, and I was astonished by what I saw,” she says. “At first I was shown only a very limited amount of footage, but it was indicative of the whole. On the basis of my experience, I understood that there was more.”

    A few more years of what Sela terms “endless nagging, conversations and correspondence” passed, which resulted in her being permitted to view dozens of segments of additional films, including some that apparently came from Habashneh’s archive. Sela also discovered another Palestinian archive that had been seized by the IDF. Established under the aegis of the PLO’s Cultural Arts Section, its director in the 1970s was the Lod-born painter and historian Ismail Shammout (1930-2006).

    One of the works in that collection is Shammout’s own film “The Urgent Call,” whose theme song was written and performed by the Palestinian singer Zainab Shathat in English, accompanying herself on the guitar. “The film was thought to be lost until I found it in the IDF Archive,” says Sela, who describes “The Urgent Call” as “a cry about the condition of Palestine, its sons and its daughters.”

    Viewing it takes one back in time to the late 1960s and early ‘70s, when the cinema of the Palestinian struggle briefly connected with other international revolutionary film movements.

    Legendary French filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard

    For example, in 1969 and 1970 Jean-Luc Godard, the legendary filmmaker of the French New Wave in cinema, visited Jordan and Lebanon several times with the Dziga Vertov Group of French filmmakers (named after the Soviet pioneer documentarian of the 1920s and ‘30s), who included filmmaker Jean-Pierre Gorin, who worked with Godard in his “radical” period. They came to shoot footage in refugee camps and in fedayeen bases for Godard’s film “Until Victory.” Habashneh told Sela that she and others had met Godard, assisted him and were of course influenced by his work. [Ed. note: Godard’s work on Palestine caused him to be accused of antisemitism by the Washington Post’s Richard Cohen and others. “In Hollywood there is no greater sin,” the Guardian reported.]

    Along with “The Urgent Call” – excerpts from which are included in her “Looted and Hidden” documentary – Sela also found another Shammout work in the IDF Archive. Titled “Memories and Fire,” it chronicles 20th-century Palestinian history, “from the days depicting the idyllic life in Palestine, via the documentation of refugeehood, to the documentation of the organizing and the resistance. To use the terms of the Palestinian cinema scholar and filmmaker George Khleifi, the aggressive fighter took the place of the ill-fated refugee,” she adds.

    Sela also found footage by the Iraqi director Kais al-Zubaidi, who worked for a time in the PLO’s Cultural Arts Section. His films from that period include “Away from Home” (1969) and “The Visit” (1970); in 2006 he published an anthology, “Palestine in the Cinema,” a history of the subject, which mentions some 800 films that deal with Palestine or the Palestinian people. [Ed. note: unfortunately it appears this book has never been translated into English.]

    IDF seals the archive for decades

    Some of the Palestinian movies in the IDF Archive bear their original titles. However, in many other cases this archival material was re-cataloged to suit the Israeli perspective, so that Palestinian “fighters” became “gangs” or “terrorists,” for example. In one case, a film of Palestinians undergoing arms training is listed as “Terrorist camp in Kuwait: Distribution of uniforms, girls crawling with weapons, terrorists marching with weapons in the hills, instruction in laying mines and in arms.”

    Sela: “These films and stills, though not made by Jewish/Israeli filmmakers or military units – which is the central criterion for depositing materials in the Israeli army archive – were transferred to the IDF Archive and subordinated to the rules of the State of Israel. The archive immediately sealed them for many decades and cataloged them according to its terminology – which is Zionist, Jewish and Israeli – and not according to the original Palestinian terminology. I saw places where the word ‘terrorists’ was written on photographs taken by Palestinians. But after all, they do not call themselves as such. It’s part of terminological camouflaging, which subordinated their creative work to the colonial process in which the occupier controls the material that’s captured.”

    Hidden Palestinian history

    Sela’s discoveries, which are of international importance, are not only a research, documentation and academic achievement: They also constitute a breakthrough in regard to the chronicling of Palestinian history. “Palestinian visual historiography lacks many chapters,” she observes. “Many photographs and archives were destroyed, were lost, taken as spoils or plundered in the various wars and in the course of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.”

    From her point of view, the systematic collecting of Palestinian visual materials in the IDF Archive “makes it possible to write an alternative history that counteracts the content created by the army and the military archive, which is impelled by ideological and political considerations.” In the material she found in the army archive, she sees “images that depict the history of the Palestinian people and its long-term ties to this soil and this place, which present an alternative to the Zionist history that denied the Palestinians’ existence here, as well as their culture and history and the protracted tragedy they endured and their national struggle of many years.”

    The result is an intriguing paradox, such as one often finds by digging deep into an archive. The extensive information that Sela found in the IDF Archive makes it possible to reconstruct elements of the pre-1948 existence of the Palestinians and to help fill in the holes of the Palestinian narrative up until the 1980s. In other words, even if Israel’s intention was to hide these items and to control the Palestinians’ historical treasures, its actions actually abet the process of preservation, and will go on doing so in the future.

    Earlier groundbreaking discovery – confiscated Palestinians books & libraries

    Sela’s research on visual archival materials was preceded by another groundbreaking study – dealing with the written word – conducted by Dr. Gish Amit, an expert on the cultural aspects of Zionism at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Amit chronicled the fate of Palestinian books and libraries that, like the photographs and films Sela found, ended up in Israeli archives – including in the National Library in Jerusalem.

    In his 2014 book, “Ex-Libris: Chronicles of Theft, Preservation, and Appropriating at the Jewish National Library” (Hebrew), Amit trenchantly analyzes the foredoomed failure of any attempt to conceal and control the history of others. According to him, “an archive remembers its forgettings and erasures,” “documents injustice, and thus makes it possible to trace its paths” and “paves a way for forgotten histories which may, one day, convict the owners” of the documents.

    However, Amit also sees the complexity of this story and presents another side of it. Describing the operation in which the Palestinian books were collected by Israeli soldiers and National Library personnel during the War of Independence, he raises the possibility that this was actually an act involving rescue, preservation and accessibility: “On the one hand, the books were collected and not burned or left in the abandoned houses in the Arab neighborhoods that had been emptied of their inhabitants. Had they not been collected their fate would have been sealed — not a trace of them would remain,” he writes, adding, that the National Library “protected the books from the war, the looting and the destruction, and from illegal trade in manuscripts.”

    According to the National Library, it is holding about 6,500 Palestinian books and manuscripts, which were taken from private homes whose owners left in 1948. The entire collection is cataloged and accessible to the general public, but is held under the responsibility of the Custodian of Absentees’ Property in the Finance Ministry. Accordingly, there is no intention, in the near future, of trying to locate the owners and returning the items.

    Israeli control over history

    Sela views the existence of these spoils of war in Israel as a direct expression of the occupation, which she defines, beyond Israel’s physical presence in the territories, as “the control of history, the writing of culture and the shaping of identity.” In her view, “Israel’s rule over the Palestinians is not only geographic but extends also to culture and consciousness. Israel wants to erase this history from the public consciousness, but it is not being successful, because the force of the resistance is stronger. Furthermore, its attempts to erase Palestinian history adversely affect Israel itself in the end.”

    At this point, Sela resorts to a charged comparison, to illustrate how visual materials contribute to the creation of personal and collective identity. “As the daughter of Holocaust survivors,” she says, “I grew up in a home without photographic historical memory. Nothing. My history starts only with the meeting of my parents, in 1953. It’s only from then that we have photos. Before that – nothing.

    “I know what it feels like when you have no idea what your grandmother or grandfather looked like, or your father’s childhood,” she continues. “This is all the more true of the history of a whole people. The construction of identity by means of visual materials is very meaningful. Many researchers have addressed this topic. The fact is that Zionist bodies made and are continuing to make extensive and rational use of [such materials too] over a period that spans decades.”

    Sela admits that there is still much to be done, but as far as she’s concerned, once a crack appeared in the wall, there was no turning back. “There is a great deal of material, including hundreds of films, that I haven’t yet got to,” she notes. “This is an amazing treasure, which contains information about the cultural, educational, rural and urban life of the Palestinian people throughout the 20th century – an erased narrative that needs to be restored to the history books,” she adds.

    Asked what she thinks should be done with the material, she asserts, “Of course it has to be returned. Just as Israel is constantly fighting to retrieve what the Nazis looted from Jews in the Holocaust. The historical story is different, but by the same criterion, practice what you preach. These are cultural and historical materials of the Palestinian people.”

    The fact that these items are being held by Israel “creates a large hole in Palestinian research and knowledge,” Sela avers. “It’s a hole for which Israel is responsible. This material does not belong to us. It has to be returned to its owners. Afterward, if we view it intelligently, we too can come to know and understand highly meaningful chapters in Palestinian history and in our own history. I think that the first and basic stage in the process of conciliation is to know the history of the Other and also your own history of controlling the Other.”

    Defense Ministry response

    A spokesperson for the Defense Ministry, which was asked to comment on the holdings in the IDF Archive, the archive contains 642 “war booty films,” most of which deal with refugees and were produced by the UNRWA (the United Nations refugee relief agency) in the 1960s and 1970s. The ministry also noted that 158 films that were seized by the IDF in the 1982 Lebanon War are listed in orderly fashion in the reading-room catalog and are available for perusal by the general public, including Arab citizens and Palestinians.

    As for the Palestinian photographs that were confiscated, the Defense Ministry stated that there is no orderly record of them. There are 127 files of photographs and negatives in the archive, each of which contains dozens of photographs, probably taken between the 1960s and the 1980s, on a variety of subjects, including visits of foreign delegations to PLO personnel, tours of PLO delegations abroad, Palestinian art and heritage, art objects, traditional attire and Palestinian folklore, factories and workshops, demonstrations, mass parades and rallies held by the PLO, portraits of Arab personalities and PLO symbols.

    The statement adds that a few months ago, crates were located that were stamped by their original owners, “PLO/Department of Information and National Guidance and Department of Information and Culture,” during the evacuation of the archive’s storerooms in the Tzrifin base.

    https://israelpalestinenews.org/old-palestinian-photos-films-hidden-idf-archive-show-different-
    #historicisation #Israël #Palestine #photographie #films #archive #histoire #Khalil_Rassass #Ali_Za’arur
    ping @reka @sinehebdo @albertocampiphoto

  • L’artiste palestinien Khalil Rabah explore les « géographies vaincues »
    India Stoughton, The National, le 26 février 2018
    http://www.agencemediapalestine.fr/blog/2018/03/05/lartiste-palestinien-khalil-rabah-explore-les-geographies-vainc

    Quatre cartes, chacune un patchwork de broderies complexes et colorées, accueillent les visiteurs à la Galerie Sfeir-Semler de Beyrouth pendant les six semaines à venir. Étendues sur le sol, on trouve : une carte de la Mer morte, capturée dans de riches nuances de bleu et de pourpre ; une carte de la Bande de Gaza dans des tons vifs de rouge et d’orange ; et une carte de la Cisjordanie dans des tons de terre, verts e bruns. Une quatrième carte est accrochée à une barre de métal dépassant du mur de la galerie.

    Intitulées « Hide Geographies », un jeu de mots [intraduisible sur les deux sens en anglais de « hide »] évoquant à la fois les espaces cachés et la peau des animaux traqués, elles représentent des « géographies vaincues » comme l’artiste palestinien Khalil Rabah l’exprime poétiquement. Les quatre cartes font partie des œuvres exposées dans les « Nouveaux sites des départements du musée », ou « quatre lieux pour visiter le ciel », la dernière exposition de Rabah. Chaque carte correspond à l’un des « départements » dans lesquels son travail est disposé.

    Les œuvres font toutes partie d’un ambitieux projet sur lequel Rabah travaille depuis plus de vingt ans, le Musée palestinien d’histoire naturelle et de l’humanité [The Palestinian Museum of Natural History and Humankind].

    Exposition de Khalil Rabah à la Galerie Sfeir-Semler, #Beyrouth, jusqu’au 7 avril, et beaucoup plus de photos là :
    http://www.sfeir-semler.com/beirut/current-exhibition.html

    #Palestine #Liban #Khalil_Rabah #artiste #géographie

  • Un millier de migrants nigériens rapatriés d’Algérie

    Quelque 1.029 Nigériens en situation irrégulière en Algérie, dont des femmes et des enfants, ont été reconduits vers leur pays la semaine dernière, a indiqué vendredi le gouverneur d’Agadez (nord du Niger).

    https://www.voaafrique.com/a/un-millier-de-migrants-nigeriens-rapatries-da-l-algerie/4011192.html

    #Algérie #renvois #expulsions #migrations #réfugiés #asile #migrants_nigérians #réfugiés_nigérians #Nigeria

    • Algeria: Mass #racial_profiling used to deport more than 2,000 sub-Saharan migrants

      The Algerian authorities have launched a discriminatory crackdown against foreign nationals, rounding up and forcibly expelling more than 2,000 sub-Saharan African migrants from a range of countries to neighbouring Niger and Mali over the past three weeks, said Amnesty International. Those expelled include more than 300 minors, among them at least 25 unaccompanied children.

      https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/10/algeria-mass-racial-profiling-used-to-deport-more-than-2000-sub-saharan-mig
      #profilage_racial

    • Africa, le espulsioni sotto accusa

      Delle migliaia di migranti dell’Africa sub-sahariana che cercano di raggiungere l’Europa, molti perdono la vita nel deserto e molti altri vengono respinti verso i Paesi di origine. Spesso le espulsioni forzate sono oggetto di denuncia da parte di organizzazioni umanitarie che raccolgono testimonianze di violenze e abusi. E il caso di molti respingimenti dall’Algeria verso Niger e Mali. Da Bamako, in Mali, Andrea De Georgio ci racconta la storie di chi è dovuto tornare indietro e di chi non ce l’ha fatta

      http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/media/Africa-le-espulsioni-sotto-accusa-9509ac01-964f-4ad5-b1de-6aac1037f200.html
      #cimetière

    • ALERTE / Algérie : Nouvelles #arrestations et détention de personnes migrantes

      EuroMed Droits et ses membres condamnent avec fermeté les arrestations massives en cours dans #Alger et sa banlieue. Plusieurs dizaines de personnes migrantes issues de pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ont été arrêtées depuis ce samedi 10 février, y compris des personnes en situation régulière.

      https://euromedrights.org/fr/publication/algerie-nouvelles-arrestations-de-personnes-migrantes-sidi-abdellah
      #détention_administrative #rétention

    • Reçu via la mailing-list de Migreurop, le 12 mars 2018 :

      L’Algérie continue, en catimini de se débarrasser de milliers migrants sur tout son territoire.

      Pressée par les pays européens de contenir le flux migratoire et d’exporter leur frontière vers le Maghreb et l’Afrique sub-saharien, l’Algérie, l’un des meilleures élèves, multiplie les arrestations de migrants sur tout leur territoire jusqu’au niveau des frontières. Ces arrestations s’opèrent sans aucun contrôle d’identité, sous prétexte qu’on applique l’accord dit de rapatriement mais pourtant la majorité des maliens avait des documents en bon et due forme et avec des cachés d’entrée en cours de validité.
      L’on peut croire que cette situation s’est intensifiée avec le discours du Ministre de l’Intérieur nigérien, Mr Bazoum le 21 Février dernier, de cesser d’expulser des migrants non-nigériens vers son pays.
      Ainsi, les migrants sont dépossédés de leur bien et refoulés dans ce no man’s land (#Khalil, frontière malienne) où pour rallier Gao, ils sont ensuite confrontés et raquetés par les groupuscules armés du désert.
      Certains migrants, plus chanceux de garder par devers eux une petite somme, cotisent pour payer le transport jusqu’à #Gao. C’est ainsi que dans l’après-midi d’hier, Mercredi 07 mars la Maison du migrant a accueilli 110 migrants dont 77 Maliens, 12 Ivoiriens, 10 Guinéens, 05 Sénégalais, 05 Burkinabés et 01 Béninois. Entassés dans un camion, le visage empoussiéré, fatigués et affamés, on imagine à vue d’œil combien était caillouteux et ardu leur chemin de calvaire. L’un deux à peine posé les pieds au sol, s’est affaissé. Il est hospitalisé et maintenu sous perfusion.
      Un deuxième cas de paludéen est enregistré ce matin. Cependant l’effet le plus troublant est les crises d’émotion. Il va s’en dire que pour beaucoup de migrants c’est une honte pour soi et pour la famille, de rentrer bredouille (les poches vides) en communauté après plusieurs années de périple. Bien souvent, l’#orgueil leur ceint la poitrine de retrouver la chaleur familiale après tant d’efforts vains car cette #échec est synonyme de #rejet et de #mépris.
      C’est ce qui explique sans nul doute la #tentative_de_suicide d’un des maliens, hier soir, aux environs de 20hrs, au sein du centre d’accueil. Mr X, Kayesien (habitant de Kayes), a piqué une crise et s’est jeté du haut de l’estrade vers le sol, la tête en avant. Tout en pleure, il disait préférer mourir que de rentrer à la maison. Il nous a fallu plus d’une heure, avec l’aide de ses compagnons pour le conscientiser et le calmer. Toute la nuit durant, on a été sur le qui-vive pour parer à un éventuel ‘’re-tentative’’. Par la grâce de Dieu ce matin il s’est plutôt calmé et on l’a acheminé sur Bamako.
      Autant de situations dramatiques qui nous donnent la chair de poule et fait appel à notre bon sens dans l’entraide et l’assistance qu’on est censé apporter à nos chers frères migrants en situation de retour.
      ERIC ALAIN KAMDEM
      Coordinateur de la
      Maison du Migrant Gao/#Mali

    • L’Algérie accélère les expulsions de migrants subsahariens dans le désert

      En quelques semaines, des centaines de personnes ont été arrêtées pour être emmenées aux frontières avec le #Niger et le #Mali.
      Depuis le début de l’année, Alger a expulsé plusieurs centaines de migrants subsahariens à ses frontières sud, confirmant le durcissement de sa politique migratoire. Entre le 3 et le 13 février, plus de 500 personnes ont ainsi été expulsées à la frontière avec le Niger. Arrêtées dans différentes villes algériennes, elles ont été emmenées à Tamanrasset, à 1 800 km au sud d’Alger, où elles ont été retenues dans un camp de préfabriqués pendant plusieurs jours avant d’être emmenées dans des camions jusqu’à la frontière.

      L’Algérie et le Niger se sont mis d’accord en 2014 pour qu’Alger organise l’arrestation et l’expulsion de migrants nigériens qui mendient dans les différentes villes du pays. Selon les autorités algériennes, ces hommes, femmes et enfants sont utilisés par un réseau bien organisé, proche des réseaux de trafic et de terrorisme.

      Pourtant, depuis décembre 2016, les arrestations concernent également les migrants de différents pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest et d’Afrique centrale, de plus en plus nombreux dans les groupes d’expulsés. A tel point que le 21 février, en visite à Agadez, le ministre nigérien de l’intérieur a dénoncé les expulsions sur son territoire de ressortissants d’autres pays que le sien.

      « Nous avons eu de longues discussions avec les autorités algériennes, à l’occasion desquelles nous leur avons demandé de ne plus nous renvoyer de migrants du Mali, de Guinée et d’autres pays », a déclaré Mohamed Bazoum aux journalistes présents. Ce jour-là, dans le centre de l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) de cette ville du nord du Niger, il y avait 770 non-Nigériens expulsés d’Algérie.

      Attaqués par des groupes armés

      Un autre élément montre qu’Alger a accéléré sa politique d’expulsion. Le 1er mars, les forces de l’ordre ont interpellé plusieurs dizaines d’hommes dans la ville de Ghardaïa, à 600 km au sud d’Alger. Selon les témoignages, la plupart étaient des ouvriers. Ces hommes ont été conduits à la frontière malienne, à proximité de la ville algérienne de Bordj Badji Mokhtar. Ils affirment avoir marché près de six heures dans le désert.

      Les 6 et 7 mars, 125 hommes sont finalement arrivés dans la ville de Gao, dans le nord-est Mali. La plupart étaient de nationalité malienne, les autres venaient de différents pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Selon un communiqué de Human Rights Watch (HRW), ils ont été attaqués à plusieurs reprises par des groupes armés sur la route. Certains d’entre eux font partie des quelques dizaines de manifestants qui, le 12 mars, ont violemment protesté devant l’ambassade d’Algérie à Bamako.

      Dans le même temps, les expulsions continuaient à la frontière nigérienne. Le 4 mars, Matias Meier, directeur du programme d’International Rescue Committee au Niger, a annoncé l’arrivée à Agadez de 1 000 migrantes expulsées d’Algérie. Et le 15 mars, le responsable de la mission de l’OIM au Niger a déclaré que 369 migrants, « principalement des Maliens et des Guinéens », ont été secourus à la frontière. Ils sont « en colère », « apeurés » et, pour certains, « traumatisés ».

      Premières arrestations à Oran

      Côté algérien, les arrestations ne faiblissent pas. Entre le 7 et le 11 mars, plusieurs dizaines de migrants ont été arrêtés sur différents chantiers de la capitale. Certains travaillaient sur des immeubles du quartier chic de Sidi Yahia et des logements sociaux construits par une entreprise turque dans la banlieue ouest. « Il faisait nuit, la police est entrée sur le chantier et a arrêté une vingtaine de personnes qui dormaient », explique un migrant employé par l’entreprise turque. « Des policiers, matraque à la main, pourchassaient des hommes en tenue de chantier dans la rue », affirme une jeune femme qui a assisté à une arrestation. Au total, dans la capitale, 280 personnes ont été arrêtées, dont des mineurs, selon les associations.

      Enfin, pour la première fois, samedi 17 mars, des interpellations ont eu lieu à Oran, la seconde ville du pays. « Vers 5 heures du matin, les forces de l’ordre ont déboulé dans nos habitations, témoigne un migrant ivoirien qui demande à rester anonyme. Ils nous ont demandé nos papiers. Ils cherchaient des Nigériens. » Le 8 mars, pourtant, à l’occasion de la Journée internationale des droits des femmes, le wali (préfet) d’Oran était apparu à la télévision d’Etat, accompagné du Croissant-Rouge algérien, distribuant des roses et des couvertures à des migrantes nigériennes.

      http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/03/20/l-algerie-accelere-les-expulsions-de-migrants-subsahariens-dans-le-desert_52

    • Algeria: mass deportations of African migrants

      Algeria has repatriated 27,000 sub-Saharan African migrants since 2015, a rare official statistic revealed by the interior minister Nouredine Bedoui last Thursday. He added that repatriations are still ongoing. Algeria is a key destination and transit country for many African migrants, mostly from Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso or Chad. People who have been deported from Algeria earlier this month, stated they were detained in makeshift camps for a few days before being taken on trucks and sent across the border at gunpoint. They then had to walk through the desert for hours to reach In Khalil, the first town in Mali. Some migrants also reported being robbed by armed groups along the way.

      https://www.ecre.org/algeria-mass-deportations-of-african-migrants

    • SUR LES RIVES DU DESERT DE L’ALGERIE

      Reçu via la mailing-list Migreurop, le 30 mars 2018:

      Le mois de Mars a témoigné plusieurs centaines de migrants refoulés
      d’Algérie. En dépit de la fermeture des frontières Algéro-malienne et
      malgré les cris de détresse, les plaintes et les alertes formulés
      auprès des organismes internationaux (Amnistie Internationale…) ;
      l’Algérie perpétue sans cesse les arrestations et les refoulements de
      migrants dans ces zones dépourvues de toute assistance humanitaire et
      contrôlées par des Djihadistes et des groupuscules armés.
      Les droits des migrants sont bafoués continuellement : pas de
      notification de l’ordre de quitter le territoire, pas de contrôle du
      juge de la légalité, de l’arrestation, de la privation de liberté et
      de la reconduite à la frontière, abandon en plein désert d’adultes
      sans tenir compte des personnes vulnérables mais surtout pas de
      contact direct des migrants avec leurs représentants consulaires.
      Ce phénomène de refoulement massif est ressenti à notre niveau depuis
      que le Niger a refusé d’accueillir les migrants non nigériens dans son
      terroir. Va savoir combien de maliens refoulés ont transité par le
      Niger bien avant.
      Grâce aux témoignages de certains migrants accueillis au centre le 13
      Mars dernier, on a appris que plus de 250 personnes étaient bloquées à
      In-Khalil. Cependant, une tentative d’acheminement de retours
      volontaires avait été tentée récemment. Ceux dont le chauffeur engagé
      a trouvé sur place, à l’image de leurs prédécesseurs, préféraient
      rebrousser chemin dans l’optique de récupérer leurs biens abandonnés
      à cause d’une arrestation précipitée et abusive après trois ou quatre
      ans de vie.
      En moins de quarante-huit (48) heures, la Maison du Migrant a
      accueilli des vagues successives de migrants en provenance d’Algérie,
      dont Soixante migrants, cinq mineurs et en majorité maliens. En dépit
      de la fatigue, certains souffrent de carence tandis que d’autres sont
      administrés à l’hôpital pour Paludisme aigu et crise d’ulcère.
      Cette situation criarde a interpellé sans doute les autorités
      maliennes car nous avons été surpris de recevoir, pour une première,
      la visite du Responsable de la Sécurité d’Etat et la Garde Nationale
      à Gao venir récolter des données sur la statistique du nombre de
      migrants accueillis, de leur nationalité et de leur lieu de
      provenance.
      Face à tout cela, nous ne pouvons-nous empêcher de spéculer sur
      certaines inquiétudes à savoir :
      1. Quelles approches diplomatiques ont été à la base prises par les
      autorités consulaires pour défendre les droits de leurs ressortissants
      en Algérie ?
      2. Les échanges ressortis lors de la visite dernière du Ministre de
      l’Intérieur Français, Mr Collomb au Niger, ne nous poussent-il pas à
      croire que nos autorités minimisent les politiques migratoires
      européennes ?

      Ainsi, la Maison du migrant prévoit le plutôt possible de faire une
      déclaration auprès des radios locales le vendredi 31 Mars prochain et
      une succession de rencontres d’échanges en vue d’interpeller les
      autorités étatiques sur le contexte d’expulsion des migrants dans
      cette no-man’s land.
      On ne saurait finir sans souligner la libération des neufs passeurs
      interpellés par la sécurité d’Etat à Bamako, en début février passé.
      L’Etat malien avait décidé de réagir contre les réseaux de passeurs
      incrédules qui profitaient de la vulnérabilité et de la naïveté des
      migrants, candidats au départ. Cette mise en disposition quoique
      salutaire ne nous éloigne pas de notre motivation première qui n’est
      autre que de défendre les intérêts et les droits des migrants.
      Salutations amicales
      Eric
      Maison du Migrant Gao

    • L’Algérie continue toujours de se débarrasser de milliers de migrants sur tout son territoire vers les frontières malienne et nigérienne. Toujours et encore cette même xénophobie alimentée d’un égocentrisme sans limite, nourrit les refoulements intensifs de migrants hors du territoire algérien. Avec le mois du ramadan, une prise de conscience, un sentiment de partage et de respect de l’autre en l’occurrence du Droit du migrant, devrait enfin nourrir la Foi de ce peuple en majorité musulman. Hélas, non ! A l’instant, six (06) camions bondés de migrants sont à trois postes de l’entrée de la ville de Gao. D’après les treize migrants accueillis ce matin, toutes les nationalités et tous les genres se retrouvent dans ce convoi dont trois femmes camerounaises avec leurs enfants. Parmi les treize, l’histoire de TEHE Y.T, jeune ivoirien de 36 ans, est sans doute la plus marquante. Marié et père d’un enfant, rentrant du boulot un jour, il a constaté l’absence de sa femme, pourtant d’habitude elle était la première à la maison. Il s’est rendu à la crèche pour prendre son garçon, né en Alger un an et six mois plutôt, quand on lui raconte que celle-ci a été arrêtée par la police d’immigration sur le chemin de retour. Monsieur a vu sa vie se changer d’un jour à l’autre car contraint de prendre tout seul en charge le gamin en alternative avec son travail pendant que sa femme refoulée, elle-même ivoirienne, est sur la route de la Côte d’Ivoire. Quatre mois se sont écoulés avant qu’il ne subit le même sort que celui de sa femme. Heureusement que cette fois ci, l’enfant était en sa compagnie. Que serait devenu l’enfant, habitué à la crèche si le papa était arrêté au travail ou sur le chemin de retour ? Il y’aurait-il possibilité pour les parents de retrouver leur enfant ou simplement d’appréhender une vie sans leur petit ? Dans les préparatifs d’accueil des prochaines vagues de migrants, un problème crucial se pose à Gao. En effet, l’accès à l’eau devient un véritable talon d’Achille. Il faudrait patienter jusqu’à une heure du matin pour voir la première goutte d’eau sur le robinet. Pis l’assainissement de l’eau même reste à désirer. Dès l’ors on prévoit des Aqua-tabs, disponibles en pharmacie pour purifier et rendre consommable cette eau ou payer des pure-waters pour faire face à cette pénurie en cette période où la température monte jusqu’à 48° à l’ombre. A cela s’ajoute le manque de bus dans les agences de voyage dû à la dégradation des routes qui occasionne des retards de rentrée, l’insécurité qui oblige la fermeture des postes de contrôle dès 18hrs et le carême qui affecte forcément les chauffeurs avec cette canicule. Tous ces éléments concourent à rendre pénible le calvaire de ces migrants désespérés et pressés de rentrer en famille pour enfin retrouver la quiétude de l’esprit et un soulagement étreint par la haleur familiale.

      –-> reçu via email par la mailing-list Migreurop

    • Walk or die: Algeria strands 13,000 migrants in the Sahara

      From this isolated frontier post deep in the sands of the Sahara, the expelled migrants can be seen coming over the horizon by the hundreds. They look like specks in the distance, trudging miserably across some of the world’s most unforgiving terrain in the blistering sun.

      They are the ones who made it out alive.

      Here in the desert, Algeria has abandoned more than 13,000 people in the past 14 months, including pregnant women and children, stranding them without food or water and forcing them to walk, sometimes at gunpoint, under temperatures of up to 48 degrees Celsius (118 degrees Fahrenheit).

      In #Niger, where the majority head, the lucky ones limp across a desolate 15-kilometer (9-mile) no man’s land to #Assamaka, less a town than a collection of unsteady buildings sinking into drifts of sand. Others, disoriented and dehydrated, wander for days before a U.N. rescue squad can find them. Untold numbers perish along the way; nearly all the more than two dozen survivors interviewed by The Associated Press told of people in their groups who simply could not go on and vanished into the Sahara.

      “Women were lying dead, men..... Other people got missing in the desert because they didn’t know the way,” said Janet Kamara, who was pregnant at the time. “Everybody was just on their own.”

      Her body still aches from the dead baby she gave birth to during the trek and left behind in the Sahara, buried in a shallow grave in the molten sand. Blood streaked her legs for days afterward, and weeks later, her ankles are still swollen. Now in #Arlit, Niger, she is reeling from the time she spent in what she calls “the wilderness,” sleeping in the sand.

      Quietly, in a voice almost devoid of feeling, she recalled at least two nights in the open before her group was finally rescued, but said she lost track of time.

      “I lost my son, my child,” said Kamara, a Liberian who ran her own home business selling drinks and food in Algeria and was expelled in May.

      Another woman in her early twenties, who was expelled at the same time, also went into labor, she said. That baby didn’t make it either.

      Algeria’s mass expulsions have picked up since October 2017, as the European Union renewed pressure on North African countries to head off migrants going north to Europe via the Mediterranean Sea or the barrier fences with Spain. These migrants from across sub-Saharan Africa — Mali, the Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Niger and more — are part of the mass migration toward Europe, some fleeing violence, others just hoping to make a living.

      A European Union spokesperson said the EU was aware of what Algeria was doing, but that “sovereign countries” can expel migrants as long as they comply with international law. Unlike Niger, Algeria takes none of the EU money intended to help with the migration crisis, although it did receive $111.3 million in aid from Europe between 2014 and 2017.

      Algeria provides no figures for the expulsions. But the number of people crossing on foot to Niger has been rising steadily since the International Organization for Migration started counting in May 2017, when 135 people were dropped at the crossing, to as high as 2,888 in April 2018. In all, according to the #IOM, a total of 11,276 men, women and children survived the march.

      At least another 2,500 were forced on a similar trek this year through the Sahara into neighboring Mali, with an unknown number succumbing along the way.

      The migrants the AP talked to described being rounded up hundreds at a time, crammed into open trucks headed southward for six to eight hours to what is known as Point Zero, then dropped in the desert and pointed in the direction of Niger. They are told to walk, sometimes at gunpoint. In early June, 217 men, women and children were dropped well before reaching Point Zero, fully 30 kilometers (18 miles) from the nearest source of water, according to the IOM.

      Within seconds of setting foot on the sand, the heat pierces even the thickest shoes. Sweat dries upon the first touch of air, providing little relief from the beating sun overhead. Each inhalation is like breathing in an oven.

      But there is no turning back.

      “There were people who couldn’t take it. They sat down and we left them. They were suffering too much,” said Aliou Kande, an 18-year-old from Senegal.

      Kande said nearly a dozen people simply gave up, collapsing in the sand. His group of 1,000 got lost and wandered from 8 a.m. until 7 p.m., he said. He never saw the missing people again. The word he returned to, over and over, was “suffering.”

      Kande said the Algerian police stole everything he had earned when he was first detained — 40,000 dinars ($340) and a Samsung cellphone.

      “They tossed us into the desert, without our telephones, without money. I couldn’t even describe it to you,” he said, still livid at the memory.

      The migrants’ accounts are confirmed by multiple videos collected by the AP over months, which show hundreds of people stumbling away from lines of trucks and buses, spreading wider and wider through the desert. Two migrants told the AP gendarmes fired on the groups to force them to walk, and multiple videos seen by the AP showed armed, uniformed men standing guard near the trucks.

      “They bring you to the end of Algeria, to the end in the middle of the desert, and they show you that this is Niger,” said Tamba Dennis, another Liberian who was in Algeria on an expired work visa. “If you can’t bring water, some people die on the road.” He said not everyone in his group made it, but couldn’t say how many fell behind.

      Ju Dennis, another Liberian who is not related to Tamba, filmed his deportation with a cellphone he kept hidden on his body. It shows people crammed on the floor of an open truck, vainly trying to shade their bodies from the sun and hide from the gendarmes. He narrated every step of the way in a hushed voice.

      Even as he filmed, Ju Dennis knew what he wanted to tell the world what was happening.

      “You’re facing deportation in Algeria — there is no mercy,” he said. “I want to expose them now...We are here, and we saw what they did. And we got proof.”

      Algerian authorities refused to comment on the allegations raised by the AP. Algeria has denied criticism from the IOM and other organizations that it is committing human rights abuses by abandoning migrants in the desert, calling the allegations a “malicious campaign” intended to inflame neighboring countries.

      Along with the migrants who make their way from Algeria to Niger on foot, thousands more Nigerien migrants are expelled directly home in convoys of trucks and buses. That’s because of a 2015 agreement between Niger and Algeria to deal with Nigeriens living illegally in their neighbor to the north.

      Even then, there are reports of deaths, including one mother whose body was found inside the jammed bus at the end of the 450-kilometer (280-mile) journey from the border. Her two children, both sick with tuberculosis, were taken into custody, according to both the IOM and Ibrahim Diallo, a local journalist and activist.

      The number of migrants sent home in convoys — nearly all of them Nigerien — has also shot up, to at least 14,446 since August 2017, compared with 9,290 for all of 2016.

      The journey from Algeria to Niger is essentially the reverse of the path many in Africa took north — expecting work in Algeria or Libya or hoping to make it to Europe. They bumped across the desert in Toyota Hilux pickups, 15 to 20 in the flatbed, grasping gnarled sticks for balance and praying the jugs of water they sat upon would last the trip.

      The number of migrants going to Algeria may be increasing as an unintended side effect of Europe’s successful blocking of the Libyan crossing, said Camille Le Coz, an analyst at the Migration Policy Institute in Brussels.

      But people die going both ways; the Sahara is a swift killer that leaves little evidence behind. The arid heat shrivels bodies, and blowing sand envelops the remains. The IOM has estimated that for every migrant known to have died crossing the Mediterranean, as many as two are lost in the desert — potentially upwards of 30,000 people since 2014.

      The vast flow of migrants puts an enormous strain on all the points along the route. The first stop south is Assamaka, the only official border post in the 950-kilometer (590 mile) border Algeria shares with Niger.

      Even in Assamaka, there are just two water wells — one that pumps only at night and the other, dating to French colonial times, that gives rusty water. The needs of each wave of expelled migrants overwhelm the village — food, water, medicine.

      “They come by the thousands....I’ve never seen anything like it,” said Alhoussan Adouwal, an IOM official who has taken up residence in the village to send out the alert when a new group arrives. He then tries to arrange rescue for those still in the desert. “It’s a catastrophe.”

      In Assamaka, the migrants settle into a depression in the dunes behind the border post until the IOM can get enough buses to fetch them. The IOM offers them a choice: Register with IOM to return eventually to their home countries or fend for themselves at the border.

      Some decide to take their chances on another trip north, moving to The Dune, an otherworldly open-air market a few kilometers away, where macaroni and gasoline from Algeria are sold out of the back of pickups and donkey carts. From there, they will try again to return to Algeria, in hopes of regaining the lives and jobs they left behind. Trucks are leaving all the time, and they take their fare in Algerian dinars.

      The rest will leave by bus for the town of Arlit, about 6 hours to the south through soft sand.

      In Arlit, a sweltering transit center designed for a few hundred people lately has held upwards of 1,000 at a time for weeks on end.

      “Our geographical position is such that today, we are directly in the path of all the expulsions of migrants,” said Arlit Mayor Abdourahman Mawli. Mawli said he had heard of deaths along the way from the migrants and also from the IOM. Others, he said, simply turned right round and tried to return to Algeria.

      “So it becomes an endless cycle,” he said wearily.

      One man at the center with scars on his hands and arms was so traumatized that he never spoke and didn’t leave. The other migrants assumed he had endured the unspeakable in Algeria, a place where many said they had been robbed and beaten by authorities. Despite knowing nothing about him, they washed and dressed him tenderly in clean clothes, and laid out food so he could eat. He embarked on an endless loop of the yard in the midday sun.

      With no name, no confirmed nationality and no one to claim him, the man had been in Arlit for more than a month. Nearly all of the rest would continue south mostly off-road to Agadez, the Nigerien city that has been a crossroads for African trade and migration for generations. Ultimately, they will return to their home countries on IOM-sponsored flights.

      In Agadez, the IOM camps are also filling up with those expelled from Algeria. Both they and the mayor of Agadez are growing increasingly impatient with their fate.

      “We want to keep our little bit of tranquility,” said the mayor, Rhissa Feltou. “Our hospitality is a threat to us.”

      Even as these migrants move south, they cross paths with some who are making the trip north through #Agadez.

      Every Monday evening, dozens of pickup trucks filled with the hopeful pass through a military checkpoint at the edge of the city. They are fully loaded with water and people gripping sticks, their eyes firmly fixed on the future.


      https://apnews.com/9ca5592217aa4acd836b9ee091ebfc20
      #sahara #abandon #cartographie #visualisation #OIM #décès #mort #mourir_dans_le_désert

    • Algeria dumps thousands of migrants in the Sahara amid EU-funded crackdown

      Not far from the Algerian border, the infant gave up its fight for life under the punishing Saharan sun.

      “The mother, she is a friend of mine. Her baby passed away in the desert,” said Thomas Howard, a painter and decorator from the west African state of Liberia.

      Mr Howard and his friend had migrated north to Algeria looking for work but were rounded up, beaten and robbed by Algerian security forces before being put in a truck, driven back south and dumped in the desert.

      https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/06/25/algeria-dumps-thousands-migrants-sahara-amid-eu-funded-crackdown

      Et sur le compte twitter de l’auteure :

      “Algerian police went to my house and told me to leave with my wife and my kid. They said they want all black people to leave their country" — my report from Agadez, Niger, on Algeria’s racist expulsions of African migrants left to die in the Sahara.

      https://twitter.com/jaomahony/status/1011383536228524033

    • Algeria: growing number of migrants expelled into the Sahara desert to face death by exposure

      A report published by the Associated Press on Monday contains testimonies from individuals from sub-Saharan countries, who were expelled from Algeria to Niger. It describes how pregnant women and children were among those abandoned at the border, with others being threatened at gunpoint to walk through the desert without food or water in temperatures reaching 48 degrees Celsius.

      In the last 14 months since the International Organization for Migration (IOM) began recording the number of expulsions, over 13,000 migrants are said to have been forced into the desert after mass expulsions by the Algerian authorities, with an unknown number of these unable to survive the onward journey to safety and perishing in the desert.

      The report’s testimonies from those who survived the 15-kilometre walk from Algeria’s border zone to the closest town in Niger contain details of people collapsing in the desert, or dying of dehydration after becoming lost in the difficult terrain. A woman describes giving birth to her stillborn child during the trek, forced to bury him in the desert before continuing the journey. The migrants recount having their mobile telephones stolen by Algerian police before being deposited in the desert, making them unable to navigate.

      Camille Le Coz of the Migration Policy Institute in Brussels states that the number of migrants going to Algeria may be increasing as a side effect of Europe blocking the Libyan crossing. An IOM official working at the border town of Assamaka is quoted as saying “They come by the thousands….I’ve never seen anything like it […] It’s a catastrophe.” The IOM put out a press release this week expressing their concern at the situation.

      Human Rights Watch also reported this week that they had interviewed people who said that the Algerian authorities had raided areas where migrants are known to live, arresting them on the streets or on construction sites, and expelled them in large groups, in most instances with no food and little water. The Algerian authorities did not consider the migrants’ legal status in Algeria or their vulnerabilities, despite some of the migrants being in possession of a valid visa or a certificate from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stating that the agency is reviewing their claim for refugee status. Sarah Leah Whitson from Human Rights Watch said “Algeria has the power to control its borders, but that doesn’t mean it can round up people based on the color of their skin and dump them in the desert, regardless of their legal status and without a shred of due process.”

      On May 22, the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights called on the Algerian government to “cease the collective expulsions of migrants.” Earlier in June, the president of the Algerian Red Crescent pushed back against NGO and UN critiques of the deportations, “It would make more sense to point the finger not at the Algerian government, which has the upper hand in the present case, but at the people who caused all the tragedies being unwillingly suffered by the African migrants,” said Saida Benhabiles.

      https://www.ecre.org/algeria-growing-number-of-migrants-expelled-into-the-sahara-desert-to-face-dea

    • Le HCR réclame un accès à un groupe de réfugiés bloqué à la frontière entre l’Algérie et le Niger

      Le HCR, l’Agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés, s’est dit préoccupé par la sécurité des personnes vulnérables originaires de Syrie, du Yémen et de Palestine qui seraient bloquées à la frontière avec le Niger, au sud de l’Algérie.

      Le HCR a reçu des informations selon lesquelles le groupe, composé d’environ 120 Syriens, Palestiniens et Yéménites, avait été détenu au centre de Tamanrasset dans le sud de l’Algérie, avant d’être conduit vers une zone proche du poste-frontière de Guezzam, le 26 décembre dernier.

      Certaines des personnes de ce groupe sont connues du HCR comme étant des réfugiés enregistrés qui ont fui le conflit et les persécutions ou qui ont signalé avoir tenté d’obtenir une protection internationale en Algérie.

      Selon les informations reçues, 20 personnes appartenant à ce groupe sont actuellement bloquées dans le désert, à trois kilomètres du poste-frontière de Guezzam où elles sont exposées aux éléments. Les 100 autres qui ont été transportées vers la frontière sont portées disparues.

      Le HCR est en contact avec les autorités algériennes au sujet de cet incident et demande à accéder à ces personnes pour évaluer leurs besoins en matière de protection. Cependant, l’agence onusienne a démenti les informations parues dans les médias algériens selon lesquelles ces personnes auraient été transférées à la frontière avec son accord.

      Compte tenu de l’urgence de fournir une aide humanitaire aux personnes bloquées, le HCR a appelé les autorités algériennes à pouvoir accéder à ces personnes, à répondre aux besoins humanitaires, à identifier les personnes qui ont besoin de protection internationale et à assurer leur sécurité.

      Tout en reconnaissant les difficultés rencontrées par l’Algérie pour faire face aux mouvements mixtes, l’agence onusienne maintient une communication régulière avec les autorités pour gérer la situation des réfugiés et des demandeurs d’asile, qui peuvent faire l’objet d’arrestations et d’expulsions.

      L’Algérie a ouvert ses portes à environ 50.000 réfugiés syriens en quête de sécurité dans le pays. Le HCR a appelé les autorités à étendre cette hospitalité aux personnes qui en ont besoin.

      Bien que la gestion des frontières demeure une prérogative souveraine de chaque gouvernement, l’agence onusienne a réaffirmé que la sécurité des frontières et la protection internationale ne s’excluent pas mutuellement. Selon elle, toute personne dont la vie est en danger dans son pays d’origine doit pouvoir accéder à un territoire afin de demander l’asile dans un pays sûr et chaque demande d’asile doit être examinée individuellement.

      https://news.un.org/fr/story/2019/01/1033032

    • Le HCR appelle à accéder aux réfugiés à la frontière entre l’Algérie et le Niger

      Le HCR, l’Agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés, est préoccupé par la sécurité des personnes vulnérables originaires de Syrie, du Yémen et de Palestine qui seraient bloquées à la frontière avec le Niger, au sud de l’Algérie.

      Le HCR a reçu des informations selon lesquelles le groupe, composé d’environ 120 Syriens, Palestiniens et Yéménites, avait été détenu au centre de Tamanrasset dans le sud de l’Algérie, avant d’être conduit vers une zone proche du poste-frontière de Guezzam, le 26 décembre dernier.

      Certaines des personnes de ce groupe sont connues du HCR comme étant des réfugiés enregistrés qui ont fui le conflit et les persécutions ou qui ont signalé avoir tenté d’obtenir une protection internationale en Algérie.

      Selon les informations reçues par le HCR, 20 personnes appartenant à ce groupe sont actuellement bloquées dans le désert, à trois kilomètres du poste-frontière de Guezzam où elles sont exposées aux éléments. Les 100 autres qui ont été transportées vers la frontière sont portées disparues.

      Le HCR est en contact avec les autorités algériennes au sujet de cet incident et demande à accéder à ces personnes pour évaluer leurs besoins en matière de protection. Cependant, selon des informations parues dans les médias algériens d’après lesquelles ces personnes auraient été transférées à la frontière avec l’accord du HCR, nous tenons à préciser que le HCR n’a été impliqué en aucune manière dans cette affaire.

      Compte tenu de l’urgence de fournir une aide humanitaire aux personnes bloquées, le HCR appelle les autorités algériennes à pouvoir accéder à ces personnes, à répondre aux besoins humanitaires, à identifier les personnes qui ont besoin de protection internationale et à assurer leur sécurité.

      Tout en reconnaissant les difficultés rencontrées par l’Algérie pour faire face aux mouvements mixtes, le HCR maintient une communication régulière avec les autorités pour gérer la situation des réfugiés et des demandeurs d’asile, qui peuvent faire l’objet d’arrestations et d’expulsions.

      L’Algérie a ouvert ses portes à environ 50 000 réfugiés syriens en quête de sécurité dans le pays et nous appelons les autorités à étendre cette hospitalité aux personnes qui en ont besoin.

      Bien que la gestion des frontières demeure une prérogative souveraine de chaque gouvernement, le HCR réaffirme que la sécurité des frontières et la protection internationale ne s’excluent pas mutuellement.

      Le HCR souligne que toute personne dont la vie est en danger dans son pays d’origine doit pouvoir accéder à un territoire afin de demander l’asile dans un pays sûr et que chaque demande d’asile doit être examinée individuellement.

      https://www.unhcr.org/fr/news/press/2019/1/5c2e3f42a/hcr-appelle-acceder-refugies-frontiere-lalgerie-niger.html

    • Une centaine de migrants « portés disparus » dans le sud de l’Algérie, le HCR se dit inquiet

      Le HCR a exprimé jeudi son inquiétude concernant le sort d’une centaine de migrants originaires de pays arabes « portés disparus » après avoir été emmenés par les autorités algériennes dans un secteur proche de la frontière nigérienne.

      Une centaine de migrants syriens, palestiniens et yéménites sont « portés disparus » dans le sud de l’Algérie. Ils faisaient partie d’un groupe de 120 migrants originaires de pays arabes qui avaient été « détenus au centre de #Tamanrasset dans le sud de l’Algérie, avant d’être conduits vers une zone proche du poste-frontière d’#In_Guezzam, le 26 décembre », a affirmé le Haut-commissariat pour les réfugiés de l’ONU (HCR), jeudi 3 janvier, dans un communiqué.

      Vingt autres personnes du groupe sont, elles, « actuellement bloquées dans le désert », près du poste-frontière d’In Guezzam.

      « Certaines des personnes de ce groupe sont connues du HCR comme étant des réfugiés enregistrés qui ont fui le conflit et les persécutions ou qui ont signalé avoir tenté d’obtenir une protection internationale en Algérie », affirme l’agence onusienne dans le communiqué.

      Contacté par l’AFP, un responsable du ministère algérien de l’Intérieur a déclaré jeudi qu’une « centaine de personnes, en majorité des Syriens », avaient été expulsées en raison de soupçons de liens avec des groupes « jihadistes ».

      Selon Hacen Kacimi, directeur chargé de la migration au sein du ministère, ces personnes étaient entrées illégalement en Algérie. Elles avaient été arrêtées en septembre et traduites devant la justice qui a ordonné leur expulsion.

      Le HCR a demandé aux autorités algériennes de pouvoir accéder aux personnes bloquées à la frontière, pour « répondre aux besoins humanitaires, identifier les personnes qui ont besoin de protection internationale et assurer leur sécurité ».

      L’Algérie est régulièrement la cible de critiques des ONG sur la façon dont les migrants subsahariens sont traités dans le pays.

      Le pays, qui ne dispose pas de législation en matière d’asile, fait face ces dernières années à un afflux de migrants subsahariens, estimés à quelque 100 000 en Algérie par les ONG.


      http://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/14306/une-centaine-de-migrants-portes-disparus-dans-le-sud-de-l-algerie-le-h

    • Migration : Chasse aux sorciers de l’Algérie contre les migrants maliens

      Depuis plusieurs mois, on assiste à véritable chasse aux sorciers des autorités algériennes contre les migrants maliens. Ces maliens vivants dans ce pays frontalier du Mali sont tout le temps prisent et refoulés. Depuis le début du mois janvier 2019 à ce jour, plus de 700 migrants maliens ont été refoulés par l’Algérie sans raison valable.

      Les chiffres parlent d’eux même. Selon nos informations, trois bus avec à bord 160 migrants maliens sont arrivés le mardi dernier à Bamako en provenance de l’Algérie. Ce nombre vient compléter le total à 760 migrants maliens expulsés de ce pays depuis le début de l’année. Actuellement 100 autres migrants sont en attente la frontière nigérienne. Les autorités nigériennes ont accepté qu’ils passent par le Niger cela grâce à la diplomatie de l’Ambassade du Mali au Niger. Mais Niamey a juste donné un moratoire en laissant les migrants passer par leur pays. Les autorités Nigériennes ont fait savoir que qu’elles ne vont plus permettre le passage d’autres migrants Maliens en provenance de l’Algérie. De sources proche du département des Maliens de extérieur et de l’intégration Africaine, les mesures sont déjà prises pour le retour des ces 100 migrants Maliens à Bamako en passant par le Niger.

      Qu’est ce qui explique cet acharnement contre les Maliens en Algérie ? Pourquoi pas les migrants des autres pays ? En entendant de trouver des réponses à ces interrogations, selon les spécialistes des questions migratoires, cet acte de l’Algérie est une violation flagrante des accords et traités internationaux signés et ratifiés par l’Algérie. Il constitue aussi une violation grave des droits de l’homme et des principes de la migration dans le monde.

      http://malijet.co/societe/diaspora-immigration/migration-chasse-aux-sorciers-de-lalgerie-contre-les-migrants-maliens

    • En Algérie, la chasse aux migrants continue pendant la contestation

      Les autorités algériennes multiplient les opérations de reconduite à la frontière du #Niger de migrants subsahariens. Lesquels migrants dénoncent des pratiques brutales, en dehors de toute procédure, avec des biens confisqués et des personnes parfois livrées à elles-mêmes en plein désert.

      https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/100419/en-algerie-la-chasse-aux-migrants-continue-pendant-la-contestation?onglet=

  • Israël ferme le bureau d’un cartographe palestinien à Jérusalem – Site de la chaîne AlManar-Liban

    http://french.almanar.com.lb/300441

    Il a été arrêté et libéré mais son matériel est confisqué et son bureau fermé, mis sous scellés pour six mois. Je croise les doigts pour qu’il ait pensé à bien faire ses sauvegardes.

    La police de l’occupation israélienne a fait fermer mardi un centre d’étude palestinien de Jérusalem-Est annexée, et brièvement arrêté son directeur, le célèbre cartographe #Khalil_Toufakji, l’accusant de travailler pour le compte des services de sécurité palestiniens.

    Selon l’AFP, la police israélienne a fait état de la fermeture pour six mois d’un bureau « dépendant de, et financé par, l’Autorité palestinienne », interdite d’activité politique et culturelle à Jérusalem-Est, la partie palestinienne de la Ville sainte, occupée par Israël.

    #israël #palestine #cartographie #occupation #annexion #colonisation

  • Khalil Toufakji, cartographe palestinien de la colonisation, longuement interrogé - Libération
    http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2017/03/14/khalil-toufakji-cartographe-palestinien-de-la-colonisation-longuement-int

    Habituellement prompte à communiquer sur l’arrestation de terroristes ou présumés tels, la police israélienne commente peu celle, mardi matin, du principal cartographe palestinien #Khalil_Toufakji. Pas plus qu’elle n’explique pourquoi ses bureaux ont été vidés et les ordinateurs saisis. Il a été libéré en fin de journée après de longues heures d’interrogatoires mais son matériel et ses locaux sont toujours placés sous scellés.

    ...

    Peu connu du grand public, bien qu’il apparaisse dans le documentaire de Charles Enderlin, Au nom du Temple, le sionisme religieux contre la paix, Toufakji n’est pas un excité. En fait, ce scientifique résidant dans le quartier de Wadi-Joz (Jérusalem-Est) est un paisible grand-père qui s’attache depuis des années à étudier l’extension de la #colonisation israélienne dans la partie arabe de sa ville ainsi qu’en #Cisjordanie. Et il le fait bien, ce qui déplaît aux Israéliens.

    Comme quoi la #cartographie n’est pas un métier sans risque #Israël #Palestine #répression

  • Charles Enderlin : pourquoi un Etat palestinien est désormais impossible - Rue89 - L’Obs

    http://rue89.nouvelobs.com/2014/09/13/charles-enderlin-pourquoi-etat-palestinien-est-desormais-impossible

    Dans ce petit extrait, Charles Enderlin parle avec le géographe et cartographe Khalil Toufakji, que j’avais rencontré en Jérusalem en 2006. Il avait dessiné en 1991 les cartes hélas visionnaire de la Palestine d’aujourd’hui, d’une palestine en Lambeau, déchiré par le système des colonies israéliennes et du réseau de transport séparé.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cLyCKuOVjUCe

    n’est qu’un extrait, diffusé cette semaine à une heure tardive par l’émission « Des mots de minuit », mais qui donne envie d’en voir plus. Le journaliste Charles Enderlin, correspondant de France2 à Jérusalem, a réalisé un documentaire intitulé « Au nom du Temple », qui explique tout simplement pourquoi un Etat palestinien est devenu pratiquement impossible.

    #palestine #israël #colonisation #occupation #cartographie #khalil_toufakji

  • Kerry protests #Bahrain's expulsion of US envoy
    http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/kerry-protests-bahrains-expulsion-us-envoy

    Secretary of State #John_Kerry protested Bahrain’s expulsion of an American envoy and its “unacceptable demands” that foreign ministry personnel attend his private meetings, the State Department said Monday. Kerry also told Foreign Minister Khalid bin Ahmed bin Mohammed al-Khalifa in a “frank” phone call Sunday that Washington was displeased that the Gulf state charged two leaders of Bahrain’s largest opposition movement who met with the US official earlier this month, a senior State Department official said. read more

    #Ali_Salman #Khalil_Marzooq #Tom_Malinowski