#lutte_contre_la_pauvreté

#Olivier_De_Schutter, rapporteur de l’ONU sur l’extrême #pauvreté : « La #stigmatisation des #pauvres accroît le sentiment d’anxiété et d’insécurité économique »

Dans une tribune au « Monde », le juriste décrit les mécanismes d’une véritable « guerre contre les pauvres plutôt que contre la pauvreté », menée par un Etat-providence qui contrôle plus qu’il ne protège.

L’économiste juif hongrois #Karl_Polanyi, alors exilé aux Etats-Unis, détaillait en 1944 dans La Grande Transformation, les raisons de la montée de l’#extrême_droite en Europe. Il soulignait que la foi sans limites des élites dans l’#autorégulation_du_marché et l’absence de mécanismes de #sécurité_sociale au moment de la crise économique de 1929 ont plongé une grande partie de la population dans une extrême pauvreté, favorisant la désignation de #boucs_émissaires et la montée des #fascismes. Tirerons-nous les leçons de son enseignement ?

Les parallèles avec la situation actuelle sont trop nombreux pour pouvoir être ignorés. Depuis les années 1980, l’affaiblissement progressif du #système_social hérité de la période d’après-guerre plonge de plus en plus de personnes dans un état d’#insécurité_économique. Dans un contexte de crise de la croissance keynésienne et de hausse du #chômage, les fondements mêmes de notre système social ont été graduellement remis en cause par les thèses néolibérales.

L’approche d’une #protection_sociale_universelle, fondée sur l’existence de #droits_sociaux garantis par la Constitution, a été remplacée par une approche conditionnelle. Les dépenses de sécurité sociale sont désormais considérées comme un #coût à réduire plutôt que comme un #investissement nécessaire au maintien de la #cohésion_sociale et à la #lutte_contre_la_pauvreté.

Dérive dystopique

En réalité, on a assisté à un grand retournement de la #politique_sociale : du rôle protecteur qui était le sien, l’#Etat-providence est passé à un rôle de #contrôle. Les dispositifs qui le constituent expriment une #méfiance envers des pauvres jugés coûteux, peu méritants, voire #fainéants. Les politiques dites « d’#activation » conditionnent désormais l’obtention d’une #prestation_sociale à une période d’activité, dans le but affiché « d’inciter » les personnes en situation de pauvreté à travailler, suggérant qu’elles sont tentées par l’#oisiveté.

C’est ce que traduit la récente #réforme du #revenu_de_solidarité_active (#RSA), dont le versement est désormais conditionné à quinze heures d’activité gratuites par semaine. Dans une récente communication au gouvernement français, j’ai mis en garde contre les impacts de cette mesure qui, comme le soulignent la Défenseure des droits, la Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme et le Conseil national des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale, pourrait mener à une augmentation du taux de #non-recours aux #prestations ainsi qu’à des cas relevant de la qualification de #travail_forcé. A ce jour, le gouvernement français n’a pas répondu à nos inquiétudes à ce sujet.

La #dématérialisation de l’accès à l’#aide_sociale est une autre illustration de cette dérive aux accents dystopiques. Le « #tout-numérique » peut aggraver le phénomène de non-recours aux #aides_sociales et fragiliser les conditions de vie de nombreuses personnes en situation de pauvreté. En outre, les outils algorithmiques permettent d’automatiser #contrôles et #sanctions.

La #Caisse_d’allocations_familiales (#CAF) a, par exemple, ciblé de manière discriminatoire des #familles_monoparentales ainsi que des personnes en situation de handicap. Cela mène à des retraits rétroactifs de prestations, aggravant ainsi la situation des bénéficiaires. Non seulement ces formes de contrôle constituent un frein au recours aux aides sociales et à la sortie de la pauvreté, mais elles sont souvent vécues par celles et ceux qui les subissent comme une #humiliation.

Territoires abandonnés

L’extrême droite prospère sur l’essor des inégalités et la #peur du #déclassement au sein des classes moyennes et populaires. Dans un contexte économique morose marqué par la stagnation des salaires et de nombreuses #délocalisations, la #stigmatisation des pauvres accroît encore davantage le sentiment d’anxiété et d’insécurité économique des classes moyennes paupérisées. Elle risque ainsi de renforcer les #divisions_sociales en opposant les « pauvres » aux « encore plus pauvres », d’une part, et « nos pauvres », jugés dignes d’être aidés, aux « migrants » qui viendraient leur faire concurrence, d’autre part. Ces dynamiques alimentent le discours décliniste des populistes d’extrême droite, qui attribuent l’insécurité économique à des #boucs_émissaires désignés par leurs origines ethniques.

Pour inverser la tendance, les politiques sociales doivent être refondées sur le principe d’#universalité de la #protection_sociale, qui constitue un droit humain. Ces efforts doivent se doubler d’un plan de #cohésion_territoriale, permettant de garantir une véritable égalité d’opportunités entre populations des zones rurales et habitants des villes, alors qu’aujourd’hui beaucoup de ruraux ont le sentiment de vivre dans des territoires abandonnés, méprisés par les élites urbaines.

La montée des populismes d’extrême droite est le résultat direct de la refonte néolibérale du modèle social d’après-guerre. Pour enrayer leur progression, la guerre contre les pauvres doit être remplacée par une guerre contre la pauvreté.

►https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2025/10/22/olivier-de-schutter-rapporteur-de-l-onu-sur-l-extreme-pauvrete-la-stigmatisa
#néolibéralisme #conditionnement #conditionnalité #inconditionnalité #immigrés #populisme

aussi signalé par @colporteur
►https://seenthis.net/messages/1142934

–-

ajouté à la métaliste sur la #guerre_entre_pauvres :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/567127

‘Historic’: how Mexico’s welfare policies helped 13.4 million people out of poverty

Experts are enthusiastic about poverty reductions achieved under former Mexican president #Andrés_Manuel_López_Obrador.

Toothless and frail, Gloria Palacios, 84, stooped as she set up her rickety sidewalk shop in Mexico City’s roughshod Doctores neighborhood. On sale: peanuts, cigarettes, chewing gum, chocolates and chips.
When asked how much she made in a day, Palacios’s disabled son Gustavo, who helps run the tiny store, simply laughed. “If we make 100 pesos ($5) it’s a lot,” he said. Happily, said Palacios, the family has a different lifeline.
With their house crumbling and bills piling up, the only thing keeping them afloat is a bimonthly transfer of 6,200 pesos ($330) implemented by the government of previous president Andrés Manuel López Obrador for adults over 65.
“God bless López Obrador,” said Palacios. “Without him what would we do? I think we wouldn’t even have enough to eat.”
Palacios is one of millions of people across Mexico who have benefited from the welfare policies of López Obrador, or Amlo as he’s commonly known. And now, thanks to a report released last week by the country’s national statistics agency, we know just how effective those policies were.
When Amlo took office in 2018, there were nearly 52 million people living below the poverty line: by the time he left office six years later, that number had dropped by 13.4 million, a decrease of almost 26%. Extreme poverty also dropped from nearly 9 million people to just 7 million.
In a country that has long suffered from deep inequality and struggled with economic precarity, the steep drop in the number of people living in poverty is a remarkable achievement and suggests Amlo’s policies had a measurable impact on the lives of millions of everyday Mexicans.
“It’s something extraordinary, historic, the reduction [of poverty],” said Amlo’s successor and ally Claudia Sheinbaum during a news conference on Thursday. “‘For the good of all – first the poor’ is not just a slogan, but a reality in Mexico.”
Some independent Mexican analysts have been equally enthusiastic about the poverty reductions achieved under Amlo.

“There has never been a single six-year term in which poverty has been reduced or decreased so significantly,” said Viri Ríos, a public policy expert and director of Mexico Decoded. “This is a watershed moment for the Mexican economy.”
Amlo was elected in a 2018 landslide with a promise to eradicate corruption and tackle inequality. Among the legacies of his administration were the tripling of the minimum wage from 88.40 pesos ($4.75) per day when he took office to the current rate of 278.80 pesos ($15) a day.
This had a knock-on effect on other sectors of the economy, according to Valeria Moy, a Mexican economist and director general of IMCO, a public policy thinktank.
“When the minimum wage increases, other wages and incomes in the economy begin to rise – even in the informal economy – because there is a greater availability of resources,” she said. “I don’t know if the [poverty reduction] was purely because of López Obrador’s policies, but I do think the push in the minimum wage moved the rest.”
Ríos was more emphatic.
“We’re talking about a labor market that had a minimum wage well below the standard of living,” she said. “And now it’s reached a level that allows 13.4 million families to escape poverty. It’s a historic achievement.”
Amlo also transformed the social welfare system, implementing a system of cash transfers for elderly people, like Palacios, for young people doing apprenticeships and for farmers planting fruit trees, among others. He then doubled the amount spent on these transfers.
The universal cash transfer system, which replaced a well-regarded conditional system for the poorest fifth of households requiring children to go to school and families to attend health check-ups, has received some criticism as it meant that, in the case of the pension system for example, anyone, even well-off Mexicans over 65, were entitled to a transfer.
“We lost focus and lost the ability to give to the poorest,” said Gonzalo Hernández Licona, the former head of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL), a now defunct agency which used to measure poverty before the task was transferred to the statistics institute. “While the amount has grown, the way the amount is distributed has worsened.”
This might help explain why the 19% reduction in extreme poverty was much lower than the nearly 26% reduction in overall poverty. Many of the poorest Mexicans live in remote rural places, where accessing social welfare is hard if not impossible.
“The big problem [with the cash transfers] is not that they’re universal,” said Ríos. “The big problem is that the Mexican government has not made an effort to make it truly universal – that is, to make it reach everyone.”
Meanwhile, the report from the statistics agency also revealed other glaring issues under Amlo’s government: while access to food security, social security and dignified living conditions all increased, the number of people without access to health services more than doubled, from 20.1 million people in 2018 to more than 44 million in 2024.
“I think the great debt that the Mexican state still owes its people is improving access to healthcare,” said Ríos. “As a percentage of GDP, our spending on health is similar to countries in sub-Saharan Africa.”
Palacios, who has considerable medical expenses but no access to medical insurance said she felt “horrible”.
“Medicines are so expensive,” she said. “And I don’t have anything.”
Sheinbaum admitted there was still more work to do.
“Do we still have progress to make? Yes,” she said. “With 30% of Mexico’s population living in poverty, we obviously have to keep moving forward.”

▻https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/18/mexico-welfare-policies-amlo
#pauvreté #welfare #Mexique #lutte_contre_la_pauvreté #gauche #AMLO #statistiques #chiffres #inégalités #économie #réduction_de_la_pauvreté #Etat_providence #politiques_sociales #santé #sécurité_alimentaire

L’importanza delle rimesse internazionali

Tagliare i costi delle transazioni per ridurre povertà e disuguaglianze.

Le rimesse sono i trasferimenti di denaro o beni che lavoratori e lavoratrici espatriati inviano nel loro Paese di origine. Queste vengono inviate per diverse ragioni, come prendersi cura dei membri della famiglia, coprendo le spese quotidiane o eventuali problemi finanziari imprevisti, o rimborsare prestiti familiari ricevuti per finanziare i costi della migrazione o per aiutare altri familiari a lasciare il paese in futuro.

Come riporta il rapporto di CeSPI e Deloitte 1, la ragione per cui le persone espatriate inviano soldi a casa è strettamente legata ai motivi della loro emigrazione o a quelli per cui la loro famiglia le ha fatte emigrare. L’invio di soldi fa parte di un processo più grande e complesso che riguarda come le persone gestiscono i loro risparmi. Questo processo si sviluppa nel tempo (durante l’evolversi del progetto migratorio) e nello spazio (tra il paese di arrivo e il paese d’origine). Nella pratica, questi fattori interagiscono tra loro e influenzano il comportamento delle persone.

Tuttavia, queste relazioni transnazionali comportano problemi dovuti ad asimmetrie informative e alla debolezza delle istituzioni e degli strumenti finanziari sia nel paese di residenza sia in quello di origine. Cresce “l’esigenza, da parte della diaspora, di influenzare le scelte finali di consumo della famiglia, indirizzandole ad esempio verso l’istruzione delle nuove generazioni, piani assistenziali e assicurativi, o altre forme di investimento in grado di preparare e assicurare un futuro rientro” 2.
Come funzionano le transazioni?

Come spiega l’International Monetary Fund 3, la persona che vuole inviare la somma di denaro, paga un’agente (una banca o un servizio di trasferimento di denaro formale o meno) usando contanti, assegni, carte di credito o debito, o anche tramite internet. L’agenzia di invio (come, ad esempio, Western Union) comunica con il suo partner nel paese destinatario affinché effettui il pagamento della rimessa al beneficiario. I costi coinvolti in questa transazione sono la commissione di invio (solitamente pagata dal mittente) e di conversione valuta. Ci possono poi essere commissioni aggiuntive, ad esempio, alcuni piccoli operatori possono addebitare una tassa al destinatario per ritirare i soldi, soprattutto per coprire movimenti inaspettati del tasso di cambio.
Perché è importante parlare di rimesse?

Come riporta il rapporto di CeSPI e Deloitte, le rimesse hanno assunto un ruolo rilevante a livello internazionale per vari aspetti:

per volumi e tassi di crescita, “raggiungendo a livello mondiale i 700 miliardi di dollari USA nel 2019”, infatti “nel periodo 2000-2020 il volume mondiale delle rimesse è cresciuto ad un tasso medio annuo del 9%”;

– per la loro dimensione rispetto ad altri flussi finanziari internazionali, infatti, “secondo i dati elaborati dalla Banca Mondiale, il volume delle rimesse, nonostante la flessione legata alla pandemia, è cinque volte quello dei fondi per gli aiuti allo sviluppo”;

- per la loro dimensione rispetto all’economia dei paesi che ricevono le rimesse, dato che in alcuni paesi rappresentano fino al 40% del PIL;

- per essere flussi finanziari anticiclici: le rimesse sono una fonte stabile di finanziamento, che può persino aumentare durante le recessioni economiche, aiutando direttamente il reddito delle famiglie che le ricevono;

– per il ruolo di supporto in caso di calamità naturali o emergenze, fornendo un aiuto immediato e diretto alle persone colpite.

Inoltre, parlare di rimesse è importante perché diversi studi mostrano come queste abbiano un impatto macroeconomico, contribuendo a ridurre la povertà e le disuguaglianze nei paesi del Sud globale.

Nella sua ricerca, Azizi (2019) 4, utilizzando dati di 103 paesi del Sud Globale dal 1990 al 2014, ha trovato un’associazione positiva e significativa tra le rimesse e lo sviluppo del settore finanziario. Questo sviluppo è particolarmente importante perché favorisce la crescita a lungo termine e riduce la povertà. Azizi ha anche riscontrato un impatto diretto e decrescente sulla povertà e sull’ineguaglianza. In media, un aumento del 10% delle rimesse per persona può ridurre di circa l’1% la quota di popolazione in povertà, diminuire dell’1,8% la lacuna di povertà e del 2,5% la gravità della povertà.

Le rimesse hanno anche un impatto forte e statisticamente significativo nel diminuire l’ineguaglianza. In media, un aumento del 10% delle rimesse per persona può ridurre dello 0,3% il coefficiente di Gini 5 nei paesi del Sud globale. Questo significa che le rimesse contribuiscono a incrementare la quota di reddito detenuta dalle persone più povere, riducendo quella delle persone più ricche.

Anche uno studio del 2005 di Adams e Page, con l’analisi di dati da 71 paesi del Sud globale, ha concluso che sia le migrazioni internazionali che le rimesse hanno un impatto significativo nel ridurre la povertà. In media, evidenziano che un aumento del 10% della percentuale di migranti internazionali nella popolazione di un paese ridurrà del 2,1% la percentuale di persone che vivono con meno di 1 dollaro al giorno, e che un aumento del 10% delle rimesse ufficiali internazionali pro-capite ridurrà, in media, del 3,5% la percentuale di persone che vivono in povertà.

Risultati simili si trovano nello studio recente di Saptono, Mahmud e Lei (2022) 6, che, analizzando set di dati di 65 paesi dal 2002 al 2016, affermano che le rimesse, rispetto al PIL, riducono significativamente la povertà nei paesi a basso e medio reddito. Un aumento del 10% nelle rimesse porterà a una diminuzione del 10,12% della popolazione che vive con meno di 1,90 dollari al giorno e ridurrà il divario di povertà del 4,75% e del 6,65% per chi vive con meno di 1,90 e 3,20 dollari al giorno, rispettivamente.

Prima di arrivare alle conclusioni, si riportano i risultati di uno studio del 2021 di Ahmed, Mughal e Martínez-Zarzoso, i quali suggeriscono che una riduzione dei costi di invio delle rimesse ha un impatto significativo sull’importo delle rimesse ricevute dai paesi del Sud globale. In particolare, una diminuzione dell’1% del costo di trasferimento di 200 dollari USA è associata a un aumento delle rimesse in entrata fino all’1,6%.

Siccome le rimesse rappresentano un elemento cruciale non solo per il sostegno economico delle famiglie, ma anche per lo sviluppo economico e la riduzione della povertà e delle disuguaglianze nei paesi del Sud globale, e che la riduzione dei costi di transazione ha un impatto sostanziale sulla quantità di rimesse ricevute, è essenziale che questi costi vengano tagliati. La comunità internazionale, infatti, attraverso gli SDGs (Obbiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile), in particolare l’obiettivo 10.c, ambisce a ridurre i costi di transazione delle rimesse a meno del 3% ed eliminare i corridoi di rimesse con costi superiori al 5% entro il 2030.

Questo obiettivo si riferisce al costo totale di invio come percentuale dell’importo della transazione, fissato convenzionalmente a 200 dollari; “secondo le stime di Banca Mondiale l’obiettivo è in grado di liberare 16 miliardi di dollari complessivi, in termini di minori costi e quindi di maggiori risorse a disposizione dei riceventi e delle rispettive economie” 7. Per quanto riguarda l’Italia, in termini di costi medi di invio, si è quasi raggiunto l’obbiettivo del 5%.

https://www.meltingpot.org/app/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-25-103339.png

Ridurre i costi di transazione delle rimesse non solo incoraggia una quota maggiore di rimesse a fluire attraverso canali finanziari formali, ma contribuirà anche a ridurre la povertà e le disuguaglianze nei Paesi del Sud globale 8.
Cosa possono fare i governi?

Ahmed, Mughal e Martínez-Zarzoso suggeriscono che i governi possono svolgere un ruolo chiave nel ridurre i costi delle transazioni promuovendo la concorrenza tra gli operatori di trasferimento di denaro e le banche. Questo è particolarmente importante in contesti dove le normative contro il riciclaggio di denaro e il finanziamento del terrorismo hanno aumentato i costi, colpendo soprattutto le piccole istituzioni finanziarie.

Garantire un mercato equo può aiutare a mantenere bassi i costi. Un altro modo potrebbe essere migliorare la trasparenza e comparabilità dei prezzi dei servizi di trasferimento delle rimesse, ad esempio mantenendo aggiornato un registro online dei costi. Infine, fornire migliori informazioni alle persone mittenti e alle loro famiglie sui costi dei trasferimenti può aiutarli a fare scelte più informate, aumentando l’uso di servizi di trasferimento più economici.

In conclusione, le rimesse rappresentano non solo un sostegno cruciale per mitigare i bisogni immediati e quotidiani dei destinatari, ma anche un motore di sviluppo macroeconomico nei paesi riceventi. Infatti, questi trasferimenti contribuiscono a promuovere lo sviluppo finanziario, a ridurre la povertà e le disuguaglianze. Data la loro rilevanza per lo sviluppo globale, è essenziale che i governi adottino politiche mirate per ridurre i costi di trasferimento delle rimesse, in linea con gli obbiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile. Questo permetterà ai destinatari di trarre maggior beneficio dai fondi inviati e faciliterà un aumento generale dei flussi.

▻https://www.meltingpot.org/2024/07/limportanza-delle-rimesse-internazionali
#remittances #migrations #réfugiés #coût #lutte_contre_la_pauvreté #remises

Study details ‘transformative’ results from L.A. pilot that guaranteed families $1,000 a month

Some of L.A.’s poorest families received cash assistance of $1,000 a month as part of a 12-month pilot project launched nearly three years ago. There were no strings attached and they could use the money however they saw fit.

Now, a new study finds that the city-funded program was overwhelmingly beneficial.

Participants in the program experienced a host of financial benefits, according to an analysis co-authored by University of Pennsylvania and UCLA researchers. Beyond that, the study found, the initiative gave people the time and space to make deeper changes in their lives. That included landing better jobs, leaving unsafe living conditions and escaping abusive relationships.

“If you are trapped in financial scarcity, you are also trapped in time scarcity,” Dr. Amy Castro, co-founder of the University of Pennsylvania’s Center for Guaranteed Income Research, told The Times. “There’s no time for yourself; there’s no time for your kids, your neighbors or anybody else.”

The Basic Income Guaranteed: Los Angeles Economic Assistance Pilot, or BIG:LEAP, disbursed $38.4 million in city funds to 3,200 residents who were pregnant or had at least one child, lived at or below the federal poverty level and experienced hardship related to COVID-19. Participants were randomly selected from about 50,000 applicants and received the payments for 12 months starting in 2022. The city paid researchers $3.9 million to help design the trial and survey participants throughout about their experiences.

Castro and her colleagues partnered with researchers at UCLA’s Fielding School of Public Health to compare the experiences of participants in L.A.’s randomized control trial — the country’s first large-scale guaranteed-income pilot using public funds — with those of nearly 5,000 people who didn’t receive the unconditional cash.

Researchers found that participants reported a meaningful increase in savings and were more likely to be able to cover a $400 emergency during and after the program. Guaranteed-income recipients also were more likely to secure full-time or part-time employment, or to be looking for work, rather than being unemployed and not looking for work, the study found.

“Instead of taking the very first job that was available, that might not have been a lasting, good fit for the family, [the participants were] saying, ‘Hold on a minute, I have a moment to sit and think and breathe, and think about where I want my family to be,’ ” said Dr. Stacia West, also a co-founder of the University of Pennsylvania’s Center for Guaranteed Income Research.

In a city with sky-high rents, participants reported that the guaranteed income functioned as “a preventative measure against homelessness,” according to the report, helping them offset rental costs and serving as a buffer while they waited for other housing support.

It also prevented or reduced the incidence of intimate partner violence, the analysis found, by making it possible for people and their children to leave and find other housing. Intimate partner violence is an intractable social challenge, Castro said, so to see improvements with just 12 months of funding is a “pretty extraordinary change.”

People who had struggled to maintain their health because of inflexible or erratic work schedules and lack of child care reported that the guaranteed income provided the safety net they needed to maintain healthier behaviors, the report said. They reported sleeping better, exercising more, resuming necessary medications and seeking mental health therapy for themselves and their children.

Compared with those who didn’t receive cash, guaranteed income recipients were more likely to enroll their kids in sports and clubs during and after the pilot.
LOS ANGELES, CA - DECEMBER 28, 2023 - Martha Lopez Dubon, 39, spends a light moment with her daughters Sofia Fuentes, 6, left, and Lizzy Fuentes, 9, while waiting for customers at The Dubon Store in Los Angeles on December 28, 2023. Lopez is a recipient of the Basic Income Guaranteed: Los Angeles Economic Assistance Pilot, or BIG: LEAP. Lopez, an immigrant from Honduras who began selling clothing in the street at the beginning of the pandemic. When Lopez started receiving the $1,000 payments from the BIG: LEAP program in February 2022, she used half to pay rent. She saved the other half, with the goal of opening her own clothing store which she now operates. In 2022, the city of Los Angeles launched the Basic Income Guaranteed: Los Angeles Economic Assistance Pilot, or BIG: LEAP. Through the program, 3,200 low-income people received monthly payments of $1,000 - and there were no restrictions on how the money could be spent. (Genaro Molina/Los Angeles Times)

Los Angeles resident Ashley Davis appeared at a news conference Tuesday about the study findings and said that her health improved because she could afford to buy fruits, vegetables and smoothies. Before, she was pre-diabetic and “my cholesterol was going through the roof,” Davis said.

“I was neglecting my own needs,” said Davis, who described herself as a single mother of a special-needs child. She switched careers and is now studying to be a nurse, she said.

Abigail Marquez, general manager of the Community Investment for Families Department, which helped oversee BIG:LEAP, said she’s spent 20 years working on various anti-poverty programs.

“I can say confidently that this is by far the most transformative program,” Marquez said.

BIG:LEAP was one of the largest of more than 150 guaranteed-income pilot programs launched nationwide in recent years. The program was funded through the city budget and included $11 million that city leaders moved from the Police Department budget in response to nationwide protests after the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer in 2020.

Despite the positive research findings, programs like BIG:LEAP have raised concerns among some taxpayer groups.

“It’s simply wrong for the city government to take tax dollars earned and paid by people who are trying to pay their own bills and transfer that money to other people chosen by the government to receive it,” the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Assn. said in a statement. “Guaranteed-income programs are appropriately funded voluntarily by charitable organizations and foundations, not forcibly through the tax code.”

Councilmember Curren Price, whose South Los Angeles district includes some of the city’s most impoverished neighborhoods, introduced a motion Tuesday to continue a version of the pilot with a focus on people in abusive relationships and young adults in need of mental health and emotional support.

Price said he would contribute $1 million toward the next phase from his council funds. Councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez also pledged $1 million.

Beyond that, it’s not clear where the next round of funding would come from. Price expressed hope the city would continue to support the effort through the general budget.

“I don’t know how realistic it is that it’s going to be $40 million again,” Price said. “But I think it’s realistic that we could receive something.”

►https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-07-31/study-details-what-happened-when-la-residents-were-guaranteed-1000-dollars-

#revenu_de_base #rdb #revenu_universel #ça_marche #pauvreté #efficacité #Los_Angeles #USA #Etats-Unis #lutte_contre_la_pauvreté #argent #temps

ping @karine4

Des chèques qui sauvent des vies - Québec Science
▻https://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/societe/des-cheques-qui-sauvent-des-vies

https://www.quebecscience.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/qsdecembre2023-entrevue.jpg

Comment lutter contre la pauvreté extrême dans les pays en développement ? En donnant de l’argent aux pauvres, tout simplement ! Si l’aide sociale existe depuis des décennies dans plusieurs pays industrialisés (depuis 1970 au Québec), une centaine de pays à revenu faible et moyen offrent maintenant des allocations ou des pensions de vieillesse aux personnes les plus démunies, qui peuvent ainsi répondre à leurs besoins essentiels comme elles l’entendent.

Ainsi, depuis 2006, au Pérou, tous les ménages pauvres comptant au moins une femme enceinte ou un enfant reçoivent 100 soles (35 $ CA) par mois. En Haïti, le programme Ti Manman Cheri, fondé en 2013, vire chaque trimestre 1000 gourdes (10 $) aux familles admissibles, pour chaque enfant qui fréquente l’école primaire. Au Sénégal, les ménages vulnérables reçoivent 25 000 francs CFA (54 $) tous les trois mois, un programme fondé en 2014. Parfois assortis de conditions – comme envoyer son enfant à l’école ou le faire vacciner –, ces modestes paiements constituent souvent le seul filet de protection sociale.

Les effets socioéconomiques de ces mesures – sur l’indépendance économique, l’autonomisation des femmes ou la sécurité alimentaire, par exemple – ont fait l’objet de plusieurs études. Leurs bénéfices pour la santé publique ne sont cependant pas encore reconnus à leur juste valeur, soutient Aaron Richterman, médecin et professeur à la division des maladies infectieuses de l’hôpital de l’Université de Pennsylvanie. Dans deux études récentes, ses collègues et lui ont montré que les programmes de transferts d’argent diminuent la mortalité chez les femmes et les enfants de cinq ans et moins, en plus de lutter efficacement contre l’épidémie de VIH.

Nobel d’économie 2019 : une approche très gestionnaire de la lutte contre la pauvreté | AOC media - Analyse Opinion Critique
▻https://aoc.media/analyse/2019/11/17/nobel-deconomie-2019-une-approche-tres-gestionnaire-de-la-lutte-contre-la-pau

https://aoc.media/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/capture-d-e-cran-2019-11-17-a-14-55-05.png

En octobre fut décerné le Prix #Nobel d’#économie à #Esther_Duflo, #Abhijit_Banerjee et leur collègue #Michael_Kremer, afin de récompenser l’approche expérimentale de la lutte contre la pauvreté qu’ils ont élaborée depuis la fin des années 90 – une distinction qualifiée de radicale, voire révolutionnaire, par la presse française. Cette caractérisation ne peut manquer d’interroger : en quelle mesure les évaluations des randomistas, destinées à orienter les financements des bailleurs de fonds, sont-elles véritablement subversives ?

Nicolas Duvoux : « Aux Etats-Unis, chaque pauvre doit être entrepreneur de lui-même »
▻http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2015/08/27/nicolas-duvoux-aux-etats-unis-chaque-pauvre-doit-etre-entrepreneur-de-lui