Fixing hungry microglia may help us treat obesity-related cognitive decline
▻https://massivesci.com/notes/obesity-mice-overactive-microglia-cognitive-function-human-health
We know that obesity is bad for the brain. Obese people tend to have inflammation in their brains, which can lead to decreased cognitive function and a...
Just Months of American Life Change the Microbiome
▻https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/11/how-immigration-affects-microbiome/574585
Immigrants’ gut bacteria “westernize” soon after they move to the U.S., which might influence obesity in immigrants and Americans alike
World Diabetes Day: The Food System and Human Health – Food Tank
▻https://foodtank.com/news/2018/11/world-diabetes-day-the-food-system-and-human-health
The World Health Organization estimates the direct costs of diabetes at more than US$827 billion per year, globally. Sugary foods are aggressively marketed throughout the world, especially to children. And multiple studies find that these marketing efforts are especially likely to reach children of color and low-income kids. Food policies impact global sugar consumption, as well, particularly in the younger generation.
“If we start with global dietary patterns, we know they are shifting towards the U.S. model of high meat and high calorie consumption, coupled with low fruit and vegetable consumption. With this shift, we are seeing increasing obesity and chronic diseases on the human side, and increased land and water degradation on the natural systems side,” says Dr. Michael Hamm, Founding Director of the Michigan State University Center for Regional Food Systems.
#modèle #etats-unis #sucre #graisses_animale #diabete_sucré #maladies #sols #eau #santé
What the Numbers Really Tell Us About Living Longer in Retirement
▻https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/903969
[...] overall, the study [1] found that Americans are faring worse in a wide range of measures, including infant mortality and low birth weight, injuries and homicides, drug-related deaths, obesity and diabetes, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Many of the conditions sharply reduce the odds of reaching age 50 - and for those who do, the conditions contribute to poorer health and greater illness later in life, the report found.
“If health were an Olympic event, we have been getting beat by lots of other nations,” said Stephen Bezruchka, a professor at the School of Public Health of the University of Washington in Seattle.
The poor performance does not stem only from problems with access to healthcare, he notes. “We tend to confuse health and healthcare,” he said, adding that research shows that medical care accounts for no more than 15 percent of the mortality gap between the United States and other rich countries.
Epidemiologists have documented that societies with less economic equality have worse than average health. Some of this stems from the inability of lower-income households to meet basic needs such as adequate nutrition and shelter. But at the high end of wealth, Bezruchka notes, there is a diminishing-return effect - money can purchase only so much health.
“Those with more income do have lower mortality, but you get a greater return on average health by taking a little from the rich and giving it to the poorer person.”
#santé #inégalités #états-unis
[1] rapport annuel de la Society of Actuaries (SOA): "mortality improvement scale”
Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in ...
▻https://diasp.eu/p/7656635
Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice Lacking a Circadian Clock | #circadian #restriction #time #syndrome #obesity #clock #metabolic
We’re in a new age of obesity. How did it happen? You’d be surprised | George Monbiot | Opinion | The Guardian
▻https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/aug/15/age-of-obesity-shaming-overweight-people
hen I saw the photograph I could scarcely believe it was the same country. A picture of Brighton beach in 1976, featured in the Guardian a few weeks ago, appeared to show an alien race. Almost everyone was slim. I mentioned it on social media, then went on holiday. When I returned, I found that people were still debating it. The heated discussion prompted me to read more. How have we grown so fat, so fast? To my astonishment, almost every explanation proposed in the thread turned out to be untrue.
et #sucre donc, et #propagande par ces compagnies comme pour le tabac
U.S. Opposition to Breast-Feeding Resolution Stuns World Health Officials - The New York Times
►https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/08/health/world-health-breastfeeding-ecuador-trump.html
A resolution to encourage breast-feeding was expected to be approved quickly and easily by the hundreds of government delegates who gathered this spring in Geneva for the United Nations-affiliated World Health Assembly.
Based on decades of research, the resolution says that mother’s milk is healthiest for children and countries should strive to limit the inaccurate or misleading marketing of breast milk substitutes.
Then the United States delegation, embracing the interests of infant formula manufacturers, upended the deliberations.
American officials sought to water down the resolution by removing language that called on governments to “protect, promote and support breast-feeding” and another passage that called on policymakers to restrict the promotion of food products that many experts say can have deleterious effects on young children.
During the deliberations, some American delegates even suggested the United States might cut its contribution to the W.H.O., several negotiators said. Washington is the single largest contributor to the health organization, providing $845 million, or roughly 15 percent of its budget, last year.
The confrontation was the latest example of the Trump administration siding with corporate interests on numerous public health and environmental issues.
In talks to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Americans have been pushing for language that would limit the ability of Canada, Mexico and the United States to put warning labels on junk food and sugary beverages, according to a draft of the proposal reviewed by The New York Times.
During the same Geneva meeting where the breast-feeding resolution was debated, the United States succeeded in removing statements supporting soda taxes from a document that advises countries grappling with soaring rates of obesity.
#Santé_publique #Lait_maternel #Big_food #Dérèglement_mondial
America’s Real Digital Divide - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/11/opinion/america-digital-divide.html
A group of former Facebook and Google employees last week began a campaign to change the tech companies they had a hand in creating. The initiative, called Truth About Tech, aims to push these companies to make their products less addictive for children — and it’s a good start.
But there’s more to the problem. If you think middle-class children are being harmed by too much screen time, just consider how much greater the damage is to minority and disadvantaged kids, who spend much more time in front of screens.
According to a 2011 study by researchers at Northwestern University, minority children watch 50 percent more TV than their white peers, and they use computers for up to one and a half hours longer each day. White children spend eight hours and 36 minutes looking at a screen every day, according to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, while black and Hispanic children spend 13 hours.
While some parents in more dangerous neighborhoods understandably think that screen time is safer than playing outside, the deleterious effects of too much screen time are abundantly clear. Screen time has a negative effect on children’s ability to understand nonverbal emotional cues; it is linked to higher rates of mental illness, including depression; and it heightens the risk for obesity.
Make no mistake: The real digital divide in this country is not between children who have access to the internet and those who don’t. It’s between children whose parents know that they have to restrict screen time and those whose parents have been sold a bill of goods by schools and politicians that more screens are a key to success. It’s time to let everyone in on the secret.
Un point revue partial et peu argumenté, mais qu’il faut intégrer dans une réflexion plus vaste sur les usages de l’internet en fonction des classes sociales.
Our fight with fat: Why is obesity getting worse?
▻http://theconversation.com/our-fight-with-fat-why-is-obesity-getting-worse-86601
Gyms across the country will be packed in the new year with people sticking, however briefly, to their New Year’s resolution to lose weight. Most of them do not know that the cards are stacked against them and that weight loss is much more complicated than working out and not eating dessert.
Years into the obesity epidemic, millions of Americans have tried to lose weight, and millions of them have failed to do so long term.
It’s so serious now that close to 40 percent of Americans are obese. The average woman in the United States today weighs about 168 pounds, or roughly the same as an average man in 1960.
In Asia’s Fattest Country, Nutritionists Take Money From Food Giants - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/23/health/obesity-malaysia-nestle.html
The research exemplified a practice that began in the West and has moved, along with rising obesity rates, to developing countries: deep financial partnerships between the world’s largest food companies and nutrition scientists, policymakers and academic societies.
Continue reading the main story
Planet Fat
Articles in this series are exploring the causes and the consequences of rising obesity rates around the world.
A Nasty, Nafta-Related Surprise: Mexico’s Soaring Obesity
DEC 11
She Took On Colombia’s Soda Industry. Then She Was Silenced.
NOV 13
The Global Siren Call of Fast Food
OCT 2
Obesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food. Then Came KFC.
OCT 2
As Global Obesity Rises, Teasing Apart Its Causes Grows Harder
SEP 17
See More »
Photo
Dr. Tee E Siong, in front of a restaurant menu at a mall outside Kuala Lumpur, heads the Nutrition Society of Malaysia, which is financed in large part by some of the world’s largest food companies. Credit Rahman Roslan for The New York Times
As they seek to expand their markets, big food companies are spending significant funds in developing countries, from India to Cameroon, in support of local nutrition scientists. The industry funds research projects, pays scholars consulting fees, and sponsors most major nutrition conferences at a time when sales of processed foods are soaring. In Malaysia sales have increased 105 percent over the past five years, according to Euromonitor, a market research company.
Similar relationships have ignited a growing outcry in the United States and Europe, and a veritable civil war in the field between those who take food industry funding and those who argue that the money manipulates science and misleads policymakers and consumers. But in developing countries, where government research funding is scarce and there is less resistance to the practice, companies are doubling down in their efforts.
But some nutritionists say Malaysia’s dietary guidelines, which Dr. Tee helped craft, are not as tough on sugar as they might otherwise be. They tell people to load up on grains and cereals, and to limit fat to less than 20 to 30 percent of daily calories, a recommendation that was removed from dietary guidelines in the United States in 2015 after evidence emerged that low-fat diets don’t curb obesity and may contribute to it.
Corporate funding of nutrition science in Malaysia has weakened the case against sugar and processed foods, said Rohana Abdul Jalil, a Harvard-trained diet expert based in the rural state of Kelantan, where obesity is as high as in the biggest cities.
“There’s never been an explicit, aggressive campaign against sugar,” she said.
A Nasty, Nafta-Related Surprise: Mexico’s Soaring Obesity - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/11/health/obesity-mexico-nafta.html
The phenomenon is not limited to Mexico. Research shows free trade is among the key factors that have accelerated the spread of low-nutrient, highly processed foods from the West, “driving the obesity epidemic in China, India, and other developing countries worldwide,” according to the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard.
#nutrition" #libre_échange" #etats-unis #santé #malbouffe #obésité
U.S. Black Mothers Die In Childbirth At Three Times The Rate Of White Mothers : NPR
▻https://www.npr.org/2017/12/07/568948782/black-mothers-keep-dying-after-giving-birth-shalon-irvings-story-explains-why
Black women are more likely to be uninsured outside of pregnancy, when Medicaid kicks in, and thus more likely to start prenatal care later and to lose coverage in the postpartum period. They are more likely to have chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension that make having a baby more dangerous. The hospitals where they give birth are often the products of historical #segregation, lower in quality than those where white mothers deliver, with significantly higher rates of life-threatening complications.
Those problems are amplified by unconscious #biases that are embedded in the medical system, affecting quality of care in stark and subtle ways. In the more than 200 stories of #African-American mothers that ProPublica and NPR have collected over the past year, the feeling of being devalued and disrespected by medical providers was a constant theme.
There was the new mother in Nebraska with a history of hypertension who couldn’t get her doctors to believe she was having a heart attack until she had another one. The young Florida mother-to-be whose breathing problems were blamed on obesity when in fact her lungs were filling with fluid and her heart was failing. The Arizona mother whose anesthesiologist assumed she smoked marijuana because of the way she did her hair. The Chicago-area businesswoman with a high-risk pregnancy who was so upset at her doctor’s attitude that she changed OB/GYNs in her seventh month, only to suffer a fatal postpartum stroke.
Over and over, black women told of medical providers who equated being African-American with being poor, uneducated, noncompliant and unworthy. “Sometimes you just know in your bones when someone feels contempt for you based on your #race,” said one Brooklyn, N.Y., woman who took to bringing her white husband or in-laws to every prenatal visit. Hakima Payne, a mother of nine in Kansas City, Mo., who used to be a labor and delivery nurse and still attends births as a midwife-doula, has seen this cultural divide as both patient and caregiver. “The nursing culture is white, middle-class and female, so is largely built around that identity. Anything that doesn’t fit that #identity is suspect,” she said. Payne, who lectures on unconscious bias for professional organizations, recalled “the conversations that took place behind the nurse’s station that just made assumptions; a lot of victim-blaming — ’If those people would only do blah, blah, blah, things would be different.’”
...
But it’s the discrimination that black women experience in the rest of their lives — the double whammy of race and gender — that may ultimately be the most significant factor in poor maternal outcomes.
“It’s chronic stress that just happens all the time — there is never a period where there’s rest from it. It’s everywhere; it’s in the air; it’s just affecting everything,” said Fleda Mask Jackson, an Atlanta researcher who focuses on birth outcomes for middle-class black women.
It’s a type of stress for which education and class provide no protection. “When you interview these doctors and lawyers and business executives, when you interview African-American college graduates, it’s not like their lives have been a walk in the park,” said Michael Lu, a longtime disparities researcher and former head of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration, the main federal agency funding programs for mothers and infants. “It’s the experience of having to work harder than anybody else just to get equal pay and equal respect. It’s being followed around when you’re shopping at a nice store, or being stopped by the police when you’re driving in a nice neighborhood.”
She Took On Colombia’s Soda Industry. Then She Was Silenced. - The New York Times
►https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/13/health/colombia-soda-tax-obesity.html
“If you don’t keep your mouth shut,” one man shouted, she recalled in a recent interview, “you know what the consequences will be.”
The episode, which Dr. Cerón reported to federal investigators, was reminiscent of the intimidation often used against those who challenged the drug cartels that once dominated Colombia. But the narcotics trade was not the target of Dr. Cerón and her colleagues. Their work had upset a different multibillion-dollar industry: the makers of soda and other sugar-sweetened beverages.
Their organization, Educar Consumidores, was the most visible proponent of a proposed 20 percent tax on sugary drinks that was heading for a vote that month in Colombia’s Legislature. The group had raised money, rallied allies to the cause and produced a provocative television ad that warned consumers how sugar-laden beverages can lead to obesity and diet-related illnesses like diabetes.
“The industry sees sugary-drink taxes as an existential threat,” said Dr. James Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America, which tracks beverage tax initiatives. In the United States, the industry has spent at least $107 million at the state and local levels since 2009 to beat back soda taxes and beverage warning labels, a new study found. Compared to the domestic tactics, Dr. Krieger said, overseas, “it’s much dirtier, much more bare-knuckled.”
The beverage industry asserts that soda taxes unfairly burden the poor, cause higher unemployment by squeezing industry sales, and fail to achieve their policy goal: reducing obesity. Studies of soda taxes have shown they lead to a drop in sales of sugar-sweetened beverages — a 10 percent sales decline, for example, over the first two years of Mexico’s tax — however, such measures are so new that there is not yet evidence of their impact on health.
“Slapping a tax on our products and walking away won’t do anything about obesity in this country or globally,” said William Dermody, spokesman for the American Beverage Association, an industry trade group.
But public health organizations, including the W.H.O., cite soda taxes as one of the most effective policy tools for cutting consumption of what nutritionists call a “liquid candy” that has contributed to an epidemic of obesity and related health conditions around the world. Dr. Kathryn Backholer, an expert on the issue at Deakin University in Australia, said taxes on soda were “low-hanging fruit” in the fight against obesity, diabetes and other weight-related diseases because such drinks are easily categorized to tax and sensible to target because they “have little or no nutritional value.”
“In Colombia, the sugar industry and the main media companies belong to the same economic conglomerates,” Mr. Gaviria, the health minister, said. “They have an intimidating power. And they used it.”
That fall, at least 90 lobbyists worked to sway legislators, according to a tally of visitor logs obtained by Educar Consumidores. During committee hearings on the measure, lobbyists often sat next to lawmakers, a flagrant violation of congressional rules, said Óscar Ospina Quintero, a legislator from the Green Alliance party. Mr. Ospina said he protested the lobbyists’ presence in the chamber but was rebuffed by congressional leaders.
“The response was fierce,” Mr. Gaviria said. “I remember that, during one of the debates, a senator said to me: ‘In all my years in Congress I’ve never seen a lobbying effort like this.’”
Toute la suite est effrayante : intimidation, virus informatiques, pression, lobbies. Le sucre n’est pas doux.
Global cost of obesity-related illness to hit $1.2tn a year from 2025 | Society | The Guardian
▻https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/oct/10/treating-obesity-related-illness-will-cost-12tn-a-year-from-2025-expert
The cost of treating ill health caused by obesity around the world will top $1.2tn every year from 2025 unless more is done to check the rapidly worsening epidemic, according to new expert estimates.
Obesity and smoking are the two main drivers behind the soaring numbers of cancers, heart attacks, strokes and diabetes worldwide, grouped together officially as non-communicable diseases. They are the biggest killers of the modern world.
Supersize us: upselling is fuelling the obesity epidemic, warns report
Read more
Climate Change is Turning Dehydration into a Deadly Epidemic | JSTOR Daily
▻https://daily.jstor.org/climate-change-dehydration-deadly-epidemic
Richard J Johnson, a kidney specialist at the University of Colorado, helped organise the World Congress of Nephrology in Canada in 2011. There, he learned about the strange new form of chronic kidney disease spreading through Central America. Researchers from various countries were beginning to get together and discuss the evidence. Like others, Johnson began to think about possible causes.
His own research was focused on the sugar #fructose – identifying its role in obesity, high blood pressure and heart disease. When a person eats fructose, the liver bears most of the brunt, but some of the sugar eventually ends up in the kidney. With each meal, fructose enters the kidney tubules, where it is metabolised into uric acid and causes oxidative stress, both of which can damage the kidney.
At first, Johnson thought people in the sugarcane fields could be eating so much of the plant itself that they were generating high levels of uric acid and oxidative stress in their kidneys. But, he calculated, even sucking on sugarcane all day wouldn’t produce enough fructose to cause disease. Then he discovered that, under certain conditions, the body processes regular carbohydrates to make its own fructose. And one of the triggers of this deadly alchemy is simple dehydration.
Until that point, nephrologists had thought that dehydration could only cause acute kidney injury, but Johnson’s findings put a new spin on the role of insufficient water intake. Could dehydration day in, day out be causing continuous fructose overproduction that, in turn, could be leading to long-term kidney damage?
Johnson took his theory to the lab, where his team put mice in chambers and exposed them to hours of heat at a stretch. One group of mice was allowed to drink unlimited water throughout the experience, while a second group had water only in the evenings. Within five weeks the mice with a restricted water intake developed chronic kidney disease. During the day, loss of salt and water caused the mice to produce high levels of fructose, and crystals of uric acid would sometimes form as water levels dropped in their urine. When the scientists disabled the gene that metabolises fructose and repeated the experiment, neither group developed chronic kidney disease.
Johnson took these results to a meeting of the Program on Health and Work in Central America, or SALTRA, in Costa Rica in 2012, where they caught the attention of García-Trabanino: “I was astonished. His animal models were absolutely in line with our findings.”
The two collaborated to investigate the biochemical effects of dehydration on workers in the fields of El Salvador. Levels of uric acid started high in the morning and increased throughout the day. “Some patients just had sheets of uric acid crystals in their urine,” Johnson says.
From these studies, Johnson believes that heat stress and dehydration drive the production of fructose and vasopressin, which also damages the kidney. However, he believes that another mechanism may also play a part in the epidemic: rehydration with sugary drinks. Frequently, not trusting the quality of local drinking water, workers drink sodas and soft drinks, and experimental evidence suggests that doing so can lead to even more kidney damage.
“At this stage, that heat stress and dehydration might be causing this problem is still a hypothesis,” Johnson admits. “Although it is a strong one.”
New #C.D.C. Chief Saw #Coca-Cola as Ally in Obesity Fight - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/22/health/brenda-fitzgerald-cdc-coke.html
When she was health commissioner of Georgia, the state with one of the highest rates of child obesity, Dr. Brenda Fitzgerald faced two enormous challenges: How to get children to slim down and how to pay for it.
Her answer to the first was Power Up for 30, a program pushing schools to give children 30 minutes more exercise each day, part of a statewide initiative called Georgia Shape. The answer to the second was Coca-Cola, the soft drink company and philanthropic powerhouse, which has paid for almost the entire Power Up program.
cf. Sucre, le doux mensonge
Chemicals found in cereal is making us obese: Study | Health & Fitness | Life |
▻http://www.torontosun.com/2017/08/11/chemicals-found-in-cereal-is-making-us-obese-study
You may want to rethink having that bowl of corn flakes for breakfast.
New research by experts at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles show that cereal is making people obese.
Published in the journal of Nature Communications, the paper states that chemical ingredients commonly used in breakfast cereals are having distressing effects on our bodies.
Looking at the effects of three different chemicals commonly ingested or exposed to humans, they found that each one was damaging the hormones needed to communicate between our brains and our stomach.
When all three were combined, the damage was worse.
One of the three chemicals used in the study was butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), which is an antioxidant used in many breakfast cereals to preserve taste and appearance and prevent them from turning rancid. The chemical is also found in other food products such as certain brands of cookies and chips.
[…]
“This is a landmark study that substantially improves our understanding of how endocrine disruptors may damage human hormonal systems and contribute to the obesity epidemic in the U.S.,” said Clive Svendsen, director of the Cedars-Sinai Regenerative Medicine Institute.
BHT has long been discussed as a potentially harmful additive but past studies never looked at the effects on humans. This would be the first time that researchers can confirm that BHT, tributyltin (TBT), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are negatively affecting our hormones and our waistlines.
Sugar : The Bitter Truth
Robert H. Lustig, MD, UCSF Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology, explores the damage caused by sugary foods. He argues that fructose (too much) and fiber (not enough) appear to be cornerstones of the obesity epidemic through their effects on insulin. Series: UCSF Mini Medical School for the Public [7/2009] [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 16717]
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM
Mentionné dans ce #documentaire diffusé ce soir sur arte :
Sucre, le doux mensonge
Comment, depuis les années 1970, l’industrie agroalimentaire a oeuvré pour augmenter les doses de sucre dans nos assiettes, avec à la clé un problème majeur de santé publique : obésité, diabète et maladies cardiaques se répandent à travers le monde, notamment chez les enfants. Cette enquête dévoile les mensonges de l’industrie sucrière et les recours possibles pour enrayer l’épidémie.
C’est en épluchant les archives internes de la Great Western Sugar Company, l’un des fleurons de l’industrie sucrière américaine, que la dentiste Cristin Kearns a fait une découverte de taille, exposée fin 2012 dans le magazine américain « Mother Jones » : dans les années 1970, l’industrie mondiale du sucre a mis au point une stratégie délibérée de conquête, visant à inclure toujours plus de saccharose dans l’alimentation quotidienne mondiale et à en dissimuler sciemment les risques sanitaires. Quarante ans durant, l’Association américaine du sucre et ses homologues d’autres continents ont réussi à faire prospérer un empire lourd de plusieurs milliards et à transformer les habitudes alimentaires à l’échelle planétaire. Conséquence de la nouvelle addiction qu’ils ont su généraliser, l’obésité, le diabète et les maladies cardiaques se répandent à travers le monde, notamment chez les enfants.
Sucre et tabac, même combat ?
Le lobby du sucre est désormais au banc des accusés. Sa ligne de défense, jusqu’ici, ne bouge pas d’un iota : il exige de ses détracteurs toujours davantage de preuves de la nocivité du sucre. Des manœuvres qui rappellent celles de l’industrie du tabac pour retarder coûte que coûte l’application des décisions politiques. Alors que l’industrie, la recherche et les pouvoirs publics se mènent une lutte de plus en plus dure, la bombe à retardement sanitaire approche de l’explosion… Cette enquête dévoile les mensonges de l’industrie sucrière et les recours possibles pour enrayer l’épidémie.
►http://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/054774-000-A/sucre-le-doux-mensonge
#industrie_agro-alimentaire #cholestérol #graisses #matière_grasse
A mettre en lien avec cet autre documentaire diffusé sur Arte (et signalé par @odilon), sur le cholestérol :
Cholestérol : le grand bluff ?
▻http://seen.li/bfjr
Yudkin’s failure to incorporate possible confounding factors in his case-control designs was an area of heavy critique at the time; apart from other unmeasured known risk factors that might affect cardiovascular disease (CVD), data had emerged soon after suggesting that sugar intake was associated with smoking, a big risk factor for CVD.[6] Yudkin’s failure to account for confounding factors led to harsh words from Ancel Keys at the time.[7] From the late 2000s, there was a resurgence of interest in his work, following a 2009 YouTube video[8] about sugar and high-fructose corn syrup by the pediatric endocrinologist Robert Lustig, and because of increasing concern about an obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome.[9][10][11] Pure, White and Deadly was republished in 2012, with a foreword by Lustig.[12]
▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Yudkin
Et le concurrent de Yudkin, qui a gagné la bataille (Yudkin pointait du doigt le sucre, Keys les graisses) :
Ancel Benjamin Keys (January 26, 1904 – November 20, 2004) was an American physiologist who studied the influence of diet on health. In particular, he hypothesized that dietary saturated fat causes cardiovascular heart disease and should be avoided.
What’s a Food Industry to Do?
I’d been asked by the food industry to give this talk at an industry breakfast, but 3 days prior to the event they got cold feet and dis-invited me. The good news is, the internet’s a much larger audience than a room full of food industry folks who likely wouldn’t have cared much about what I had to say in the first place. So here’s my take on what the food industry can do, why they’re not going to do it, and what we can do about it.
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BdFkK-HufU
Fredrick J. Stare
In 1942, Stare founded the Department of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health, which he led as a professor of nutrition until his retirement in 1976.[1][2] He was a firm believer in the essential goodness of the typical American diet, holding that “prudence and moderation” was the key to healthy eating. As an adviser to the US government, Stare rejected the idea that ’the American diet’ was harmful; stating for example that Coca-Cola was “a healthy between-meals snack”[1] and that eating even great amounts of sugar would not cause health problems.[3] He was also an early advocate for the benefits of regularly drinking water throughout the day.
▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrick_J._Stare
#Fredrick_Stare #Kellogg
Stare avait des liens avec l’industrie alimentaire et celle du #tabac #industrie_du_tabac
Coke secretly funded obesity conference for good coverage of sugary drinks – report
Coca-Cola secretly funded media training on obesity at a US university to influence journalists to report that a lack of exercise was more likely to cause obesity than consuming sugar.
▻http://www.heraldlive.co.za/news/2017/04/11/coke-secretly-funded-obesity-conference-good-coverage-sugary-drinks-re
#coca-cola #conférence_scientifique
Quand des spécialistes de l’obésité prennent la défense de Coca-Cola
Des scientifiques réputés dans le domaine de la recherche sur l’obésité ont soulevé colère et incompréhension chez plusieurs de leurs pairs, cette semaine, en diffusant des messages jugés favorables à l’industrie des boissons sucrées.
▻http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/734100/coca-cola-sucre-etude-ethique
Édulcorants artificiels : leurs dangers enfin prouvés ?
▻http://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/actualites/nutrition-edulcorants-artificiels-leurs-dangers-enfin-prouves-68032/#xtor=RSS-8
Une nouvelle étude a découvert un lien entre les édulcorants artificiels et plusieurs problèmes de santé, parmi lesquels la prise de poids à long terme, le risque accru d’obésité, le diabète, l’hypertension et les maladies cardiaques.
« Il convient de rester prudent tant que les effets des édulcorants artificiels à long terme sur la santé ne sont pas complètement connus », explique Meghan Azad, auteure principale de l’étude, dont l’équipe au Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba est également en train d’étudier les effets de la consommation d’édulcorants artificiels pendant la grossesse sur la prise de poids, le métabolisme et la flore intestinale de l’enfant.
Artificial sweeteners linked with weight gain, little health benefit
▻http://www.wsaw.com/content/news/Artificial-sweeteners-linked-with-weight-gain-little-health-benefit-435409873.
Two-thirds of Americans are overweight, and those who diet sometimes turn to alternative sweeteners — including aspartame, sucralose and stevioside — to cut calories.
Now, a new review of many studies suggests that doing so might not be the best idea.
The scientists took a comprehensive look at more than 11,000 studies and found that, for overweight individuals or those with high blood pressure (hypertension) or diabetes, the benefits of consuming zero-calorie, “non-nutritive sweeteners” were modest to nil. For other people, there was an increased risk of weight gain, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke and heart disease. [7 Biggest Diet Myths]
“Overall, the evidence does not support the intended purpose of weight loss and suggests that there might be adverse effects in the long term,” said Meghan Azad, lead author of the review and an assistant professor at the University of Manitoba.
Previous research had suggested that non-nutritive sweeteners were not the healthiest choice, but those studies were smaller in scope than the new review, and tended to focus on one outcome at a time, said Azad, who researches the development of chronic diseases.
Regular Consumption of Artificial Sweeteners Linked to Increased Risk of Obesity, Diabetes, Other Health Issues
A literature review of 37 studies has found that regular consumption of artificial sweeteners is associated with long-term weight gain and an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease.
▻http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/regular-consumption-artificial-sweeteners-linked-risk-obesity-diabetes-050
dossier #edulcorants (nb : je suit hyper intolerante aux edulcorants de synthèse, qui sont parfois cachés dans certains produits d’où le suivi de ce sujet.) #alimentation #bombe_a_retardement
#cancer
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1008057
L’agence de recherche sur le #cancer de l’#OMS va déclarer l’#édulcorant #aspartame comme cancérogène possible
Trump’s New CDC Chief Championed Partnership with Coca-Cola to Solve Childhood Obesity
▻https://theintercept.com/2017/07/08/trumps-new-cdc-chief-championed-partnership-with-coca-cola-to-solve-ch
The new chief of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which monitors significant public health concerns, including the impact of sugary beverages on obesity and heart disease, will be led by Brenda Fitzgerald, a Georgia physician whose signature childhood obesity project was underwritten by Coca-Cola.
Coca-Cola was so fond of Fitzgerald’s approach to obesity issues that an opinion column authored by Fitzgerald is featured prominently on Coca-Cola’s website.
Public health officials around the country have made obesity a top issue of concern. The United States has the distinction of having the highest rate of childhood obesity in the world, according to a recent report from the New England Journal of Medicine. And multiple reports have found that regular consumption of sugary beverages is a leading driver of obesity, which is linked to heart disease, diabetes, kidney diseases, cancers and hypertension.
More exercise, of course, is a good thing, but the Georgia SHAPE program notably eschewed another well-known step toward healthier living: curbing sugary beverage consumption
The CDC in particular has also been targeted by Coca-Cola, which has long disclosed attempts to lobby the agency to influence public health policy.
Emails obtained by U.S. Right to Know revealed that executives from Coca-Cola and the International Life Sciences Institute — an organization founded with support from Coca-Cola — had pressured the agency to partner with the soda giant and allow it to weigh in on debates over sugary soft drinks. In one particular email chain with a CDC official, a former Coca-Cola executive discussed strategies for influencing the World Health Organization’s call for greater regulation of soft drinks. The former Coca-Cola executive called the WHO’s efforts a “threat to our business,” and invited the CDC official out for dinner to further discuss ways to sway decisions at the international body. Clyde Tuggle, the former Coca-Cola executive, was included in the email chain.
Le site n’est pas du tout sexy, mais j’ai l’impression que les recherches sont de bonne qualité et il y a plein de données...
▻http://www.fooddeserts.org
Avec une carte ici :
www.fooddeserts.org/images/FoodDesertFinder.tif
Une carte sur l’obésité à #Londres :
#food_desert #supermarchés #alimentation #UK #Angleterre #cartographie #visualisation #obésité
J’ai découvert le site via la mailing-list Crit geo forum, avec ce commentaire :
Those interested in food and social justice may see a nice irony in comparing these two maps.
1) Map of the best quality agricultural soil in the UK, the best, Grade One, is heavily present around The Wash area of Eastern England
▻http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/6172638548328448 and click on pdf link
2) MSOA level obesity map, extract for East Anglia, Wash, Lincolnshire area. Available at www.fooddeserts.org, section 8, bottom of page. Red is the most obese decile, followed by pink, orange, yellow.... Silver is the least obese declie, followed by purple, dark blue, light blue, green....
In other words, the areas where the UK’s fruit and veg industry is most productive is where there is most obesity. We don’t pay the people who actually produce our 5-a-day enough to benefit from the health effects of 5-a-day. Nor do we pay the people who sell them to us enough to benefit from them, in the towns. To have a good diet you need to live in the areas where fresh produce is largely neither produced nor sold, the wealthy peri-urban regions just outside the main urban areas.
By the way, voici le livre publié par la personne qui a écrit le commentaire sur crit geo forum:
The Consuming Geographies of Food: Diet, Food Deserts and Obesity by Hillary J. Shaw, Routledge, London and New York, 2014
Life Expectancy in U.S. Declines Slightly, and Researchers Are Puzzled - The New York Times
▻http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/health/life-expectancy-us-declines.html
American life expectancy is in decline for the first time since 1993, when H.I.V.-related deaths were at their peak. But this time, researchers can’t identify a single problem driving the drop, and are instead pointing to a number of factors, from heart disease to suicides, that have caused a greater number of deaths.
#états-unis #démographie #espérance de vie #mortalité
Comme évoqué ici : ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/541433#message545585 , un article de The Economist ►http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21710265-local-health-outcomes-predict-trumpward-swings-illness-indicator indique par ailleurs que :
The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington has compiled county-level data on life expectancy and the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, heavy drinking and regular physical activity (or lack thereof). Together, these variables explain 43% of Mr Trump’s gains over Mr Romney, just edging out the 41% accounted for by the share of non-college whites
Et que donc :
the specific subset of Mr Trump’s voters that won him the election [...] live in communities that are literally dying
Désolé d’être obsédé par cette même explication, mais :
Comment les inégalités économiques nuisent aux sociétés
#Richard_Wilkinson, TED Talk, Juillet 2011
►http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_wilkinson?language=fr
Et autres références ici :
« L’égalité c’est la santé » (et l’amour aussi...)
Baptiste Lefevre, interview de Richard Wilkinson, Fakir, juin 2014 - édité en livre en février 2016
►http://www.fakirpresse.info/l-egalite-c-est-la-sante-et-l-amour-aussi
Richard Wilkinson : « Les inégalités nuisent à tous, y compris aux plus aisés »
Pascal Riché, Rue89, le 20 octobre 2013
►https://seenthis.net/messages/228691
Réduire les inégalités est bon pour l’environnement
Agnès Sinaï, Actu Environnement, le 12 octobre 2011
►https://seenthis.net/messages/37733
Recension des travaux de #Richard_Wilkinson et #Kate_Pickett sur la corrélation entre #inégalités et #problèmes_sociaux ici :
►https://seenthis.net/messages/765806
Illness as indicator
THE first piece of news Americans woke up to on November 9th was that Donald Trump had been elected president. The second was that he owed his victory to a massive swing towards Republicans by white voters without college degrees across the north of the country, who delivered him the rustbelt states of Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania—all by one percentage point or less. Pundits had scoffed at Mr Trump’s plan to transform the Wall Street-friendly Republicans into a “workers’ party”, and flip the long-Democratic industrial Midwest: Hillary Clinton had led virtually every poll in these states, mostly by comfortable margins. But it was the plutocratic Donald who enjoyed the last laugh.
In the aftermath of the stunning result, statistical analysts homed in on blue-collar whites as never before. Although pre-election polls showed Mr Trump with a 30-percentage-point advantage among whites without a college degree, exit polls revealed he actually won them by almost 40 points. Unsurprisingly, the single best predictor identified so far of the change from 2012 to 2016 in the share of each county’s eligible voters that voted Republican—in other words, the swing from Mitt Romney to Mr Trump—is the percentage of potential voters who are non-college whites. The impact of this bloc was so large that on November 15th Patrick Ruffini, a well-known pollster, offered a “challenge for data nerds” on Twitter: “Find the variable that can beat % of non-college whites in the electorate as a predictor of county swing to Trump.”
With no shortage of nerds, The Economist has taken Mr Ruffini up on his challenge. Although we could not find a single factor whose explanatory power was greater than that of non-college whites, we did identify a group of them that did so collectively: an index of public-health statistics. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington has compiled county-level data on life expectancy and the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, heavy drinking and regular physical activity (or lack thereof). Together, these variables explain 43% of Mr Trump’s gains over Mr Romney, just edging out the 41% accounted for by the share of non-college whites (see chart).
The two categories significantly overlap: counties with a large proportion of whites without a degree also tend to fare poorly when it comes to public health. However, even after controlling for race, education, age, sex, income, marital status, immigration and employment, these figures remain highly statistically significant. Holding all other factors constant—including the share of non-college whites—the better physical shape a county’s residents are in, the worse Mr Trump did relative to Mr Romney.
Americans Blame Obesity on Willpower, Despite Evidence It’s Genetic - The New York Times
▻http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/01/health/americans-obesity-willpower-genetics-study.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur
Americans believe that obesity is tied with cancer as the biggest health threat in the nation today. But though scientific research shows that diet and exercise are insufficient solutions, a large majority say fat people should be able to summon the willpower to lose weight on their own.
The findings are from a nationally representative survey of 1,509 adults released on Tuesday by NORC at the University of Chicago, an independent research institution. The study, funded by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, found that concerns about obesity have risen. Just a few years ago, in a more limited survey, cancer was seen as the most serious health threat.
Is Obesity Thrifty or Drifty? - Facts So Romantic
▻http://nautil.us/blog/is-obesity-thrifty-or-drifty
Over 72 million Americans are obese—a condition associated with a plethora of negative health outcomes including diabetes, cancer, and heart problems. But Americans’ eating habits aren’t obesity’s only cause, and we’ve suspected as much for a long time now. In 1932, the California Medical Association noted that “the inborn disposition to obesity may be very complex in its nature…many persons grow fat though they eat less than do other persons of the same sex, age, and height who do not fatten; and many grow thin on diets that suffice to maintain normal weight in others who seem equivalent.” Obesity, like many medical conditions, is partly in the genes. But why would the human genome be speckled with genes that contribute to obesity? Two leading theories seeking to explain the genetic origins (...)