Chine - États-Unis : en marche vers la guerre
#Chine #États-Unis #impérialisme #Taïwan #guerre #propagande
]]>#Taïwan, #Ouïghours : les dérives nationalistes de la #Chine de #Xi_Jinping
Xi Jinping se prépare à un troisième mandat de cinq ans et à une démonstration de force au cours du 20e #congrès_du_Parti_communiste_chinois. Alors que son nationalisme exacerbé se traduit à la fois à l’intérieur des frontières, avec la répression des Ouïghours, et dans son environnement proche, en #Mer_de_Chine_du_sud, avec une pression accrue sur Taïwan, nous analysons les enjeux de ce congrès avec nos invité·es, Laurence Defranoux, journaliste et autrice des Ouïghours, histoire d’un peuple sacrifié, Noé Hirsch, spécialiste de la Chine, Maya Kandel, historienne spécialiste des États-Unis, et Inès Cavalli, chercheuse en études chinoises.
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4wiIwCaSY8
#nationalisme #constitution #révision_constitutionnelle #pensée_Xi_Jinping #paternalisme #colonialisme #Xinjiang #colonialisme_Han #déplacements_de_population #exploitation_économique #limitation_des_libertés #enfermement #rééducation_politique #emprisonnement #répression #Nouvelles_Routes_de_la_soie #ressources #ressources_naturelles #Tibet #surveillance #surveillance_de_masse #terreur #camps_de_rééducation #folklore #assimilation #folklorisation #ethnonationalisme #supériorité_de_la_race #Han #culture #camps_de_concentration #réforme_par_le_travail #réforme_par_la_culture #travail_forcé #peuples_autochtones #usines #industrie #industrie_textile #programmes_de_lutte_contre_la_pauvreté #exploitation #paramilitaires #endoctrinement #économie #économie_chinoise #crimes_contre_l'humanité #torture
CNES Géoimage Nouvelles ressources
Dans une situation difficile, tendue et régressive, les cours en présentiel sont impossibles, les bibliothèques, universitaires en particulier, et les librairies sont fermées et les risques de décrochages se multiplient. Dans ce contexte, le site Géoimage du CNES (Centre Nat. d’Etudes Spatiales) met à disposition en ligne plus de 300 dossiers réalisés par 165 auteurs sur 86 pays et territoires. Pour votre information, voici les derniers dossiers réalisés ces deux derniers mois. Ils constituent peut être une ressource utile pour vos étudiants. En restant a votre disposition.
1. Nouveaux dossiers en ligne
#Frontières : entre #guerres, #tensions et #coopérations
#Pakistan-#Inde-#Chine. Le massif du #K2 et le #Glacier_Siachen : #conflits_frontaliers et affrontements militaires sur le « toit du monde » (L. Carroué )
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/pakistan-inde-chine-le-massif-du-k2-et-le-glacier-siachen-conflits-fro
Pakistan-Chine. La #Karakoram_Highway : un axe transfrontalier géostratégique à travers l’#Himalaya (L. Carroué)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/pakistan-chine-la-karakoram-highway-un-axe-transfrontalier-geostrategi
#Afghanistan/ #Pakistan/ #Tadjikistan - Le corridor de #Wakhan : une zone tampon transfrontalière en plein Himalaya (L. Carroué)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/afghanistan-pakistan-tadjikistan-le-corridor-de-wakhan-une-zone-tampon
Affrontement aux sommets sur la frontière sino-indienne, autour du #Lac_Pangong_Tso dans l’Himalaya (F. Vergez)
►https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/affrontement-aux-sommets-sur-la-frontiere-sino-indienne-sur-le-lac-pan
#Brésil - #Argentine – #Paraguay. La triple frontière autour d’#Iguazu : un des territoires transfrontaliers les plus actifs au monde (C. Loïzzo)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/bresil-argentine-paraguay-la-triple-frontiere-autour-diguazu-un-des-te
#Grèce – #Turquie. Les îles grecques de #Samos et #Lesbos en #mer_Egée : tensions géopolitiques frontalières et flux migratoires (F. Vergez)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/grece-turquie-les-iles-grecques-de-samos-et-lesbos-en-mer-egee-tension
#Jordanie/ #Syrie : guerre civile, frontière militarisée et #camps_de_réfugiés de #Zaatari (L. Carroué)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/jordanie-syrie-guerre-civile-frontiere-militarisee-et-camps-de-refugie
Frontières : France métropolitaine et outre-mer
#Calais : un port de la façade maritime européenne aux fonctions transfrontalières transmanches (L. Carbonnier et A. Gack)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/hauts-de-france-calais-un-port-de-la-facade-maritime-europeenne-aux-fo
L’Est-#Maralpin : un territoire transfrontalier franco-italo-monégaste au cœur de l’arc méditerranéen (F. Boizet et L. Clerc)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/lest-maralpin-un-territoire-transfrontalier-franco-italo-monegaste-au-
La principauté de #Monaco : le défi du territoire, entre limite frontalière, densification et extensions urbaines maritimes (P. Briand)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/la-principaute-de-monaco-le-defi-du-territoire-entre-limite-frontalier
#Guyane_française/ Brésil. La frontière : d’un territoire longtemps contesté à une difficile coopération régionale transfrontalière (P. Blancodini )
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/guyane-francaise-bresil-la-frontiere-un-territoire-longtemps-conteste-
(Frontières. Pages concours - Capes, Agrégations)
►https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/les-frontieres
Enjeux géostratégiques et géopolitiques
Pakistan. #Gwadar : un port chinois des Nouvelles Routes de la Soie dans un #Baloutchistan désertique et instable (C. Loïzzo)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/pakistan-gwadar-un-port-chinois-des-nouvelles-routes-de-la-soie-dans-u
#Chine. L’archipel des #Paracels : construire des #îles pour projeter sa puissance et contrôler la #Mer_de_Chine méridionale (L. Carroué)
Chine - L’archipel des Paracels : construire des îles pour projeter sa puissance et contrôler la Mer de Chine méridionale
#Kings_Bay : la grande base sous-marine nucléaire stratégique de l’#Atlantique (L. Carroué)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/etats-unis-kings-bay-la-grande-base-sous-marine-nucleaire-strategique-
#Kitsap - #Bangor : la plus grande #base_sous-marine nucléaire stratégique au monde (L. Carroué)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/etats-unis-kitsap-bangor-la-plus-grande-base-sous-marine-nucleaire-str
#Djibouti / #Yémen. Le détroit de #Bab_el-Mandeb : un verrou maritime géostratégique entre la #mer_Rouge et l’#océan_Indien (E. Dallier et P. Denmat)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/djiboutiyemen-le-detroit-de-bab-el-mandeb-un-verrou-maritime-geostrate
#Abu_Dhabi : une ville capitale, entre mer et désert (F. Tétart)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/emirats-arabes-unis-abu-dhabi-une-ville-capitale-entre-mer-et-desert
France et #DROM : dynamiques et mutations
Languedoc. #Cap_d’Agde : une station touristique au sein d’un littoral très aménagé en région viticole (Y. Clavé)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/languedoc-cap-dagde-une-station-touristique-au-sein-dun-littoral-tres-
Le sud-est de la #Grande-Terre : les plages touristiques et les #Grands_Fonds, entre survalorisation, inégalités et développement durable (J. Fieschi et E. Mephara)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/guadeloupe-le-sud-est-de-la-grande-terre-les-plages-touristiques-et-le
#Normandie. #Lyons-la-Forêt et son environnement : entre #Rouen et Paris, un espace rural sous emprise forestière (T. Puigventos)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/normandie-lyons-la-foret-et-son-environnement-entre-rouen-et-paris-un-
#PACA. L’agglomération de #Fréjus - #Saint-Raphaël : un #littoral méditerranéen touristique urbanisé (S. Revert)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/paca-lagglomeration-de-frejus-saint-raphael-un-littoral-mediterraneen-
#Tourisme et #patrimonialisation dans le monde
#Portugal – #Lisbonne : la capitale portugaise aux défis d’une #touristification accélérée et d’une patrimonialisation accrue (J. Picollier)
Portugal - Lisbonne : la capitale portugaise aux défis d’une touristification accélérée et d’une patrimonialisation accrue
#Floride : le Sud-Ouest, un nouveau corridor touristique et urbain (J.F. Arnal)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/etats-unis-floride-le-sud-ouest-un-nouveau-corridor-touristique-et-urb
#Alaska. Le #Mont_Denali : glaciers, #parc_national, #wilderness et changement climatique (A. Poiret)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/alaska-le-mont-denali-glaciers-parc-national-wilderness-et-changement-
#Ile_Maurice. Le miracle de l’émergence d’une petite île de l’#océan_Indien (M. Lachenal)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/ile-maurice-le-miracle-de-lemergence-dune-petite-ile-de-locean-indien
Le #Grand-Prismatic du Parc National du #Yellowstone : entre wilderness, protection, patrimonialisation et tourisme de masse (S. Sangarne et N. Vermersch)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/etats-unis-le-grand-prismatic-du-parc-national-du-yellowstone-entre-wi
#Maroc. Contraintes, défis et potentialités d’un espace désertique marocain en bordure du Sahara : Ouarzazate (M. Lachenal)
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/maroc-contraintes-defis-et-potentialites-dun-espace-desertique-marocai
2. Nouvelle rubrique : « Images A la Une »
La rubrique Image A La Une a pour objectif de mettre en ligne une image satellite accompagnée d’un commentaire en lien avec un point d’actualité et qui peut donc être facilement mobilisée en cours (cf. incendies de forêt en Australie en janv./ 2020, impact du Coronavirus en avril 2020).
Fabien Vergez : Affrontements aux sommets sur la frontière sino-indienne, sur le lac Pangong Tso dans l’Himalaya
►https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/affrontement-aux-sommets-sur-la-frontiere-sino-indienne-sur-le-lac-pan
Virginie Estève : Les "#Incendies_zombies" en #Arctique : un phénomène surmédiatisé qui alerte sur le réchauffement climatique.
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/incendies-zombies-en-arctique-un-phenomene-surmediatise-qui-alerte-sur
3. Ouverture d’une nouvelle rubrique : « La satellithèque »
Le site Géoimage du CNES se dote d’une nouvelle rubrique afin d’enrichir son offre. A côté des images déjà proposées dans les rubriques "dossiers thématiques" ou "Images A la Une", le site Géoimage du CNES met en ligne comme autres ressources des images brutes non accompagnées d’un commentaire ou d’une analyse.
L’objectif de cette #Satellithèque est d’offrir au plus grand nombre - enseignants, universitaires, chercheurs, étudiants, grand public... - de nombreuses images de la France et du monde. Ainsi, progressivement, dans les mois qui viennent des centaines d’images nouvelles seront disponibles et téléchargeable directement et gratuitement en ligne afin d’accompagner leurs travaux, recherches ou voyages.
▻https://geoimage.cnes.fr/fr/geoimage/satellitheque
4. Ouverture de comptes Twitter et Instagram
Suivez et partagez l’actualité du site GeoImage à travers Twitter / Instagram, que ce soit de nouvelles mises en ligne ou des évènements autour de ce projet. La publication de nouveaux dossiers et leurs référencements, tout comme la publication de notules dans images à la une est accompagnée de brèves sur ces réseaux sociaux
Ci-dessous les identifiants pour s’abonner aux comptes Twitter et Instagram
Compte twitter : @Geoimage_ed
Compte Instagram : geoimage_ed
]]>South China Sea: US unveils first sanctions linked to militarisation | South China Sea | The Guardian
▻http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/27/south-china-sea-us-unveils-first-sanctions-linked-to-militarisation
The United States has blacklisted 24 Chinese companies and targeted individuals it said were part of construction and military efforts in the South China Sea, its first such sanctions move over the disputed strategic waterway.
The US Commerce Department said the companies played a “role in helping the Chinese military construct and militarise the internationally condemned artificial islands in the South China Sea”.
]]>Les installations fixes en #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale
(base de données)
Island Tracker Archive | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
▻https://amti.csis.org/island-tracker
Five claimants occupy nearly 70 disputed reefs and islets spread across the #South_China_Sea. They have built more than 90 outposts on these contested features, many of which have seen expansion in recent years. AMTI has gathered satellite imagery of each outpost, along with other relevant information, to document their current status and any changes they have undergone in recent years. Explore the database below.
Chine : 27
Malaisie : 5
Philippines : 9
Taiwan : 1
Vietnam : 21 (+ 6 plateformes)
High-seas energy fight off Malaysia draws US, Chinese warships, SE Asia News & Top Stories - The Straits Times
▻https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/high-seas-energy-fight-off-malaysia-draws-us-chinese-warships
Malaysia’s push to explore energy blocks off its coast has turned into a five-nation face off involving US and Chinese warships, raising the risk of a direct confrontation as broader tensions grow between the world’s biggest economies.
The episode began in December, when Malaysia’s state-run energy giant Petroliam Nasional Bhd contracted a vessel to explore two areas in the South China Sea in its extended continental shelf.
Those waters are also claimed by Vietnam and China, which immediately sent ships to shadow the boat.
The situation took a turn for the worse on April 16 with the arrival of a Chinese surveyor known as the Haiyang Dizhi 8, which last year was engaged in a standoff with Vietnam over offshore energy blocks.
The US this week sent at least two warships within some 50 nautical miles of the Malaysian ship, according to defence analysts privy to the information who asked not to be identified.
US Secretary of State Michael Pompeo on Thursday (April 24) accused China of “exploiting” the world’s focus on the Covid-19 pandemic with provocations in the South China Sea.
In a statement issued on the same day he held a video call with 10 South-east Asian foreign ministers, he said China “dispatched a flotilla that included an energy survey vessel for the sole purpose of intimidating other claimants from engaging in offshore hydrocarbon development”.
“The US strongly opposes China’s bullying and we hope other nations will hold them to account too,” Mr Pompeo said.
TERRITORIAL DISPUTES
The US doesn’t take a position on territorial disputes in the region even while staking a national interest in freedom of navigation, which involves challenging any claims that aren’t consistent with international laws.
As China gets more assertive in enforcing its claims, it’s increased the risk of a potential confrontation with the US that could quickly escalate.
The US Indo-Pacific Command confirmed on Wednesday that three ships - the USS America, an amphibious assault ship; the USS Bunker Hill, a guided missile cruiser; and the USS Barry, an Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer - were operating in the South China Sea, without giving a precise location.
They were joined by an Australian Anzac-class frigate on April 18, according to the US 7th Fleet.
“The risk of a new incident is rising, as tension elsewhere in the relationship could inflame the situation on the ground, or rather, in the water,” New York-based risk consultancy Eurasia Group said in an analysis on Wednesday.
]]>South China Sea: Malaysia, Indonesia, And Vietnam Beat China At Its Own Game
▻https://www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2020/01/10/south-china-sea-malaysia-indonesia-and-vietnam-beat-china-at-its-own-game
This isn’t the first time Malaysia appealed to the UN to protect its territories. Back in 2009, it joined Vietnam to submit for an extension of CLCS beyond 200 nautical miles (nm) in 2009, a year after, had submitted its petition for an extension of CLCS beyond 200 nm in the northwest area of Sumatra Island on June 16, 2008.
“This move is a departure from earlier protests notes issued by Malaysia on China’s activities including the presence of its coast guards near Malaysian territorial waters,” adds Goswami. “Protests notes were never made public though. Therefore, to submit to the UN on its continental shelf claim is strategic escalation, and beating China on its own game; the use of lawfare to settle disputes.”
For years, China has made a reputation for using UN lawfare to advance its South China Sea agenda. Now Malaysia and its neighbors have “turned the tables” on Beijing. They, too, have been using the UN to advance their own South China Sea agenda.
]]>À feu et à sable
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwJGWea4fyM
Le chemin de nos vies modernes crisse à chaque pas au bruit des grains de sable qui l’ont pavé. Dans nos immeubles, nos routes, nos portables, nos médicaments ou les bouteilles de nos ivresses... Il est devenu le matériau à tout faire d’une société d’abondance. Sans que jamais n’apparaisse les circuits tortueux de cet ingrédient miracle. Source : #Datagueule 92
]]>Journal articles ‘tacitly support China territory grab’
The role of academic journals in adjudicating on fiercely disputed territorial claims in the South China Sea has come under scrutiny as Chinese scholars use maps endorsing China’s position.
Papers by Chinese researchers, often co-authored with Western collaborators, have been illustrated with maps that include the “nine-dash line” – a U-shaped borderline stretching south from China and Taiwan to Borneo. It envelopes islands and reefs claimed by Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam, including Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands.
An international tribunal convened in The Hague in 2016 under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ruled against the line. China disputes the ruling.
Clive Hamilton, professor of public ethics at Charles Sturt University in Canberra, claimed that the issue echoed moves in 2017 by Springer Nature and Cambridge University Press to appease China by removing politically sensitive articles from their Chinese websites.
“Here’s another example of Beijing asserting its claims through international scientific journals,” said Professor Hamilton, a high-profile critic of Chinese foreign policy.
“A very big, economically powerful authoritarian power [is] engaged in a political struggle over territory, and wants the international scientific community to in effect endorse its claim by publishing maps that have no validity under international law.”
He said Chinese researchers “would undoubtedly suffer if they were authors of an article in an international journal that included the South China Sea but did not show the nine-dash line”.
However, one influential journal said that it was “not unusual” for scientific publishers to remain neutral on jurisdictional claims, while a China expert warned of the difficulty of requiring peer reviewers to be aware of and enforce geopolitical issues.
Times Higher Education has found nine-dash line representations in nine journal articles by Chinese researchers. Most have been published since early last year, and none is about maritime issues. The papers’ subject matter includes bamboo, butterflies and Tibetan vegetation. Five boast co-authors from Australia, Germany, Scotland, Singapore and the US.
An Australian geneticist based in Japan said maps depicting Chinese ownership of South China Sea islands appeared in about half the Chinese-authored papers he came across. Their frequency was increasing, the scientist continued, and they now appeared in high-ranking international journals as well as in smaller publications favoured by Chinese authors.
The researcher, who asked not to be named, said he had objected to such a map’s inclusion in a forthcoming paper he wrote with Chinese collaborators. “I was told that they cannot do anything because it is a requirement of the Chinese Communist Party. They are provided with official maps that they have to use.
“Most [foreign co-authors] choose to ignore it, perhaps because they think it is not worth the trouble to say anything. Journals do not give guidelines on how to deal with the issue when reviewing papers.”
THE sought comment from the journals Cells, Diversity and Distributions, Molecular Ecology, New Phytologist and Plos One. The last was the only one to respond, saying that a policy introduced last year required territorial descriptions in submitted manuscripts to “follow international treaties and conventions”.
“Otherwise, Plos remains neutral on any jurisdictional claims expressed,” it added. “This policy is not unusual in scientific publishing.”
Professor Hamilton said journals that failed to enforce such policies “implicitly endorsed a claim that violated the rights of poor Filipino fishermen. My guess is editors have probably not had it drawn to their attention,” he added.
University of Melbourne entomologist Nancy Endersby co-authored a 2019 Cells paper that contains representations of the nine-dash line. “If I had been aware of this inclusion and its significance, I would not have allowed my name to be on the paper,” she said. “I focused on the molecular aspect of the paper and trusted [the] map was accurate.”
Co-author Ary Hoffman said: “Now that we’re aware of it, we’ll certainly look for it in any future collaborative efforts. As biologists, it is not something that was on our radar.”
James Laurenceson, head of the Australia-China Relations Institute at the University of Technology Sydney, supported Professor Hamilton in raising the issue. He said Chinese academics were likely to assume that Beijing would “look approvingly” on their reproduction of the nine-dash line.
“But I wouldn’t necessarily take it as evidence that they’ve been directed to do so,” he said. “I’m not sure the Chinese bureaucracy is that organised.”
Professor Laurenceson said peer review had failed to pick up the offending maps. “Finding peer reviewers of journals is tough enough already,” he said. “If we insist that they’re also aware of geopolitical issues, many academics are just not going to have the time to be abreast of it.”
▻https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/journal-articles-tacitly-support-china-territory-grab
#manipulation #cartographie #visualisation #Chine #Philippines #différend_territorial #revues_scientifiques #recherche #nine-dash_line #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale #responsabilité
ping @simplicissimus @reka
La Chine maritime et navale (7/7) : les touristes chinois sur tous les océans - Asialyst
▻https://asialyst.com/fr/2019/10/12/chine-maritime-navale-7-7-touristes-chinois-sur-tous-oceans
Le plus étonnant dans le tourisme maritime des Chinois, ce n’est pas seulement qu’ils inondent les plages de Qingdao à Phuket. Mais c’est à quel point la hausse du niveau vie et l’émergence d’une classe de super riches en Chine populaire ont fait exploser toutes les limites des océans. Du tourisme « patriotique » sur les îles disputées de la mer de Chine du Sud au tourisme en Antarctique, seul compte le besoin d’expérience ultime mêlé à la recherche de l’air le plus pur.
Un article intéressant sur le #tourisme, cette manière de dépenser son fric quand on bénéficie d’une distribution inéquitable des richesses. (Détail : ça parle de la #Chine.)
#mer_de_Chine aussi
]]>U.S. and Russia trade blame over near collision in East Asian waters - Reuters
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-navy-incident-idUSKCN1T80LR
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QeNcKRkvDY
Russia and the United States blamed each other for a near collision between their warships in East Asian waters on Friday with both countries accusing one another of dangerous and unprofessional behavior.
Acting U.S. Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan said Washington would lodge a formal diplomatic protest to Russia, while a senior Russian parliamentarian said such episodes could easily escalate tensions, which he said were already balanced “on a razor’s edge”.
Russia’s Pacific Fleet said that the USS Chancellorsville, a guided-missile cruiser, had come within just 50 meters (165 feet) of the Russian destroyer Admiral Vinogradov which was forced to take emergency action to avoid a collision, Russian news agencies reported.
They cited a Russian Pacific Fleet statement as saying the incident took place in the early hours of Friday morning in the eastern part of the East China Sea at a time when a group of Russian warships was on a parallel course with a U.S. naval strike group.
“The U.S guided-missile cruiser Chancellorsville suddenly changed course and cut across the path of the destroyer Admiral Vinogradov coming within 50 meters of the ship,” the statement said.
“A protest over the international radio frequency was made to the commanders of the American ship who were warned about the unacceptable nature of such actions,” it said.
The U.S. Navy rejected that version of events, saying the behavior of the Russian ship had been “unsafe and unprofessional”.
“While operating in the Philippine Sea, a Russian Destroyer ... made an unsafe maneuver against USS Chancellorsville,” U.S. Seventh Fleet spokesman Commander Clayton Doss said.
“This unsafe action forced Chancellorsville to execute all engines back full and to maneuver to avoid collision.”
He described a Russian assertion that the U.S. ship had acted dangerously as “propaganda”. The Russian destroyer came within 50 to 100 feet of the Chancellorsville, he said, putting the safety of its crew and the ship at risk.
Acting U.S. Defense Secretary Shanahan said Washington would formally protest.
“We’ll have military-to-military conversations with the Russians, and of course we’ll demarche them, but to me safety at the end of the day is the most important (part),” he told reporters outside the Pentagon.
“It will not deter us from conducting our operations.”
The incident comes days after Washington and Moscow sparred over an allegedly unsafe spy plane intercept by a Russian fighter jet near Syria.
Alexei Pushkov, a senior Russian parliamentarian, said the near naval miss and other incidents like it were dangerous.
“We’re balancing on a razor’s edge,” he wrote on social media.
Pour les Russes, ça s’est passé à l’est de la #Mer_de_Chine_orientale, pour les États-Uniens en #mer_des_Philippines
Inside the Close Naval Encounters in the South China Sea - Bloomberg
On notera que la seule chose que confient les officiers interrogés sur ce navire amiral est que le comportement des navires qui les ont pistés à de multiples reprises à toujours été extrêmement sûr. Ils ne disent pas a toujours été extrêmement professionnel, car cela contredirait trop ouvertement les déclarations officielles.
▻https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-13/south-china-sea-naval-encounters
The voice on the radio in the middle of the South China Sea follows a familiar script for Captain Eric Anduze, who helms the USS Blue Ridge. It’s China on the phone.
“They’ll contact us and they’ll go — ‘U.S. government vessel, this is Chinese Navy vessel’ number whatever — ‘we will maintain five miles from you and escort you as you make your transit,”’ Anduze said, describing the English-speaking voice from a rival Chinese warship.
The U.S. response is short: “Chinese vessel, this is government vessel 1 9, copy, out.” From there on, silence, as the vessels of the world’s rival powers steam onward together.
The ship-to-ship interactions are a regular potential flash point for the world’s two biggest militaries in contested waters. In September, a Chinese destroyer sailed within a football field’s distance of the USS Decatur in what the U.S. said was an “unsafe and unprofessional” maneuver. That hasn’t deterred future sailings — the U.S. sent two guided-missile destroyers within 12 nautical miles of disputed islands earlier this month.
Based in Japan, the Blue Ridge is a frequent traveler through the South China Sea, which Beijing considers its waters against an international community increasingly concerned by its encroachment. The area is home to key shipping lanes and fisheries that have sparked dispute between China and its neighbors.
[…]
The U.S. Navy allowed media outlets, including Bloomberg, an inside look at the sort of ship it’s using to sail through the disputed waters. The oldest operational warship in the American Navy, the Blue Ridge is the flagship of the 7th Fleet, and docked in Singapore as part of a tour of southeast Asian port cities.
The Blue Ridge is billed as one of the most technologically advanced ships in the world. It operates as a central information node for a fleet whose range stretches from the Indian-Pakistan border to the International Date Line in the Pacific Ocean. Through its several computers flow a database the Navy says gives it a “complete tactical picture of air, surface and subsurface contacts.” That’s what it does: it sails and it knows things.
The ship is a small floating town of more than 1,000 sailors at any given time. There are beds and cafeterias, fitness centers and a post office. A miniature hospital has sick beds and an operating room, along with a dentist who can fill a cavity or pull a tooth — unless the waves get too rough. Up on deck, sailors can jog around a makeshift track around the ship, at about seven laps to a mile.
Since February, Captain Anduze said the Blue Ridge has been escorted by Chinese vessels about six times in an almost unremarkable and now routine manner.
In Washington, the view is that China uses “coercive tactics” including its naval and paramilitary vessels to enforce claims in the South China Sea, the Pentagon said last week in its annual report on China’s military power. Those are targeted “in ways calculated to be below the threshold of provoking conflict,” though have escalated into near-misses with U.S. warships.
Naval officials on the Blue Ridge declined to comment in detail on those more aggressive encounters, except to say nothing similar had happened with them as they passed through the South China Sea’s shipping lanes.
“We have had ships that come about three to four miles away and then just navigate with us throughout the area,” Anduze said. Those interactions have been “very safe.”
]]>China Military Threat: Seeking New Islands to Conquer - James Stavridis - Bloomberg
▻https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-02-21/china-military-threat-seeking-new-islands-to-conquer
The constant refrain was simple: The West is becoming a less reliable partner. These allies are dismayed by a U.S. administration that has repeatedly criticized its closest partners and accused them of freeloading on defense. They are also worried about weakness and distraction of a Europe facing Brexit. This is compounded as they watch China increase pressure on Taiwan to accept a “one nation, two systems” deal a la Hong Kong and militarize the #South_China_Sea by constructing artificial islands.
[…]
There is also a less-noticed but extremely worrisome aspect to China’s increasing boldness: It seems to be building its naval capability to dominate farther into the Pacific — as far as what Western analysts call the “second island chain.”
When thinking in a geo-strategic sense about China, the island-chain formulation is helpful. Since the 1950s, U.S. planners have delineated a first island chain, running from the Japanese islands through the Philippines, and down to the tip of Southeast Asia. Dominating inside that line has been the goal of China’s recent buildup in naval and missile capabilities. But U.S. officials warn that Chinese strategists are becoming more ambitious, set on gaining influence running to the second island chain — running from Japan through the Micronesian islands to the tip of Indonesia. As with its initial forays into the South China Sea, Beijing is using “scientific” missions and hydrographic surveying ships as the tip of the spear.
Japan and Singapore are essentially anchors at the north and south ends the island chains. They have been integrating their defense capabilities with the U.S. through training, exercises and arms purchases. They are exploring better relations with India as the Pacific and Indian Oceans are increasingly viewed as a single strategic entity. This is a crucial element in the U.S. strategy for the region. But there are changes coming.
First, there are expectations that China will eye the third island chain, encompassing Hawaii and the Alaskan coast before dropping south down to New Zealand. This has long been regarded as the final line of strategic demarcation between the U.S. and China. Second, some analysts are beginning to talk about a fourth and even fifth island chain, both in the Indian Ocean, an increasingly crucial zone of competition between the U.S. and China.
Two obvious Indian Ocean chains exist. The first would run from southern Pakistan (where China has created a deep-water port at Gwador) down past Diego Garcia, the lonely atoll controlled by the U.K. from which the U.S. runs enormous logistical movements into Central Asia. As a junior officer on a Navy cruiser in the 1980s, I visited Diego Garcia when it was essentially a fuel stop with a quaint palm-thatched bar. The base has expanded enormously, becoming critical to supporting U.S. and British combat efforts in the Horn of Africa and Middle East.
The fifth and final island chain could be considered to run from the Horn of Africa – where the U.S. and China now maintain significant military bases – down to the coast of South Africa. Little wonder the U.S. military has renamed its former Pacific Command as the Indo-Pacific Command.
]]>Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative : Who’s Claiming What ?
Voici un site qui va énormément plaire en particulier à @simplicissimus
AMTI’s interactive maps strive to provide the most complete, accurate, and up-to-date source of geospatial information on maritime Asia. Click a map below to explore information on Asia’s maritime claims, disputed reefs and islets, and more.
South China Sea Features
#mer_de_chine_méridionale #frontières #différends_frontaliers #chine #vietnam #spratleys #conflits_frontaliers #mer #partage_de_la_mer
U.S. Navy ship sails in disputed South China Sea amid trade talks with Beijing | Reuters
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-southchinasea-idUSKCN1P10DS
The USS McCampbell carried out a “#freedom_of_navigation” operation, sailing within 12 nautical miles of the Paracel Island chain, “to challenge excessive maritime claims”, Pacific Fleet spokeswoman Rachel McMarr said in an emailed statement.
The operation was not about any one country or to make a political statement, McMarr said.
Une petite démonstration #FoN, pour bien démarrer l’année. Mais, attention, hein, on ne vise personne…
]]>Le monde selon #Xi_Jinping
Depuis 2012, le désormais « président à vie » Xi Jinping a concentré tous les pouvoirs sur sa personne, avec l’obsession de faire de la #Chine la superpuissance du XXIe siècle. Plongée au coeur de son « rêve chinois ».
Derrière son apparente bonhomie se cache un chef redoutable, prêt à tout pour faire de la Chine la première puissance mondiale, d’ici au centenaire de la République populaire, en 2049. En mars dernier, à l’issue de vastes purges, Xi Jinping modifie la Constitution et s’intronise « président à vie ». Une concentration des pouvoirs sans précédent depuis la fin de l’ère maoïste. Né en 1953, ce fils d’un proche de Mao Zedong révoqué pour « complot antiparti » choisit à l’adolescence, en pleine tourmente de la Révolution culturelle, un exil volontaire à la campagne, comme pour racheter la déchéance paternelle. Revendiquant une fidélité aveugle au Parti, il gravira en apparatchik « plus rouge que rouge » tous les degrés du pouvoir.
Depuis son accession au secrétariat général du Parti en 2012, puis à la présidence l’année suivante, les autocritiques d’opposants ont réapparu, par le biais de confessions télévisées. Et on met à l’essai un système de surveillance généralisée censé faire le tri entre les bons et les mauvais citoyens. Inflexible sur le plan intérieur, Xi Jinping s’est donné comme objectif de supplanter l’Occident à la tête d’un nouvel ordre mondial. Son projet des « routes de la soie » a ainsi considérablement étendu le réseau des infrastructures chinoises à l’échelle planétaire. Cet expansionnisme stratégique, jusque-là développé en silence, inquiète de plus en plus l’Europe et les États-Unis.
Impériale revanche
Dans ce portrait très documenté du leader chinois, Sophie Lepault et Romain Franklin donnent un aperçu inédit de sa politique et montrent que l’itinéraire de Xi Jinping a façonné ses choix. De Pékin à Djibouti – l’ancienne colonie française est depuis 2017 la première base militaire chinoise à l’étranger – en passant par la mer de Chine méridionale et l’Australie, les réalisateurs passent au crible les projets et les stratégies d’influence du nouvel homme fort de la planète. Nourrie d’images d’archives et de témoignages (de nombreux experts et de dissidents, mais aussi d’un haut gradé proche du pouvoir), leur enquête montre comment Xi Jinping a donné à la reconquête nationaliste de la grandeur impériale chinoise, projet nourri dès l’origine par la République populaire, une spectaculaire ampleur.
►https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/078193-000-A/le-monde-selon-xi-jinping
#biographie #démocratie #trauma #traumatisme #Mao #révolution_culturelle #Terres_Jaunes #exil #Prince_Rouge #nationalisme #rêve_chinois #renaissance_nationale #histoire_nationale #totalitarisme #stabilité #idéologie #anti-corruption #lutte_contre_la_corruption #purge #dictature #investissements_à_l'étranger #prêts #dette #KUKA #ports #droits_humains #Australie #infiltration_chinoise #Nouvelle-Zélande #David_Cameron #Jean-Pierre_Raffarin #matières_premières #capitalisme_autoritaire #Ouïghours #arrestations #répression #censure #liberté_d'expression #défilés_militaires #armée #puissance_militaire #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale #îles_de_Spratleys #liberté_de_la_presse #prisonniers_politiques #Hong_Kong
#Djibouti #base_militaire (de Djibouti)
#Sri_Lanka —> Au Sri Lanka, le #port de #Hambantota est sous contrôle chinois, ceci pour au moins 99 ans (accord signé avec le Sri Lanka qui n’a pas pu rembourser le prêt que la Chine lui a accorder pour construire le port...)
#dépendance
v. aussi :
Comment la Chine a fait main basse sur le Sri Lanka
▻https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/comment-la-chine-fait-main-basse-sur-le-sri-lanka
Histoire semblable pour le #Port_du_Pirée à #Athènes, en #Grèce ou l’#aéroport de #Toulouse, en #France.
#Organisation_de_coopération_de_Shangaï :
Quelques cartes et images tirées du #film #documentaire.
La #nouvelle_route_de_la_soie et autres investissements chinois dans les infrastructures mondiales de #transport :
La #Chinafrique :
Le programme de #surveillance_de_masse :
Outre la surveillance, mise en place d’un programme appelé « #crédit_social » :
Le #Système_de_crédit_social est un projet du gouvernement chinois visant à mettre en place d’ici 2020 un système national de #réputation_des_citoyens. Chacun d’entre eux se voit attribuer une note, échelonnée entre 350 et 950 points, dite « crédit social », fondée sur les données dont dispose le gouvernement à propos de leur statut économique et social. Le système repose sur un outil de surveillance de masse et utilise les technologies d’analyse du #big_data. Il est également utilisé pour noter les entreprises opérant sur le marché chinois.
▻https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_cr%C3%A9dit_social
Voici ce que cela donne :
ping @reka
Photos Show Confrontation Between USS Decatur and a Chinese Navy Warship in South China Sea – gCaptain
▻https://gcaptain.com/photos-show-confrontation-between-uss-decatur-and-chinese-navy-warship-in-
gCaptain has just obtained photos showing a confrontation involving the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Decatur and a Chinese Navy warship in the disputed South China Sea over the weekend.
The U.S. Navy confirmed the incident on Tuesday, accusing China’s navy of conducting an “unsafe and unprofessional maneuver” that nearly led to a collision as the U.S. destroyer was underway “in the vicinity” of Gaven Reef in the #Spratly Islands on Sunday, September 30.
According to a Navy spokesman, during the incident, the Chinese warship “approached within 45 yards of Decatur’s bow, after which Decatur maneuvered to prevent a collision.”
As was reported over the weekend, the USS Decatur on Sunday conducted the U.S. Navy’s latest #freedom_of_navigation operation in the South China Sea, coming within 12 nautical miles of the Gaven and Johnson Reefs claimed by China.
China issued a statement Tuesday accusing the U.S. of violating its “indisputable sovereignty” over the #South_China_Sea islands. “We strongly urge the U.S. side to immediately correct its mistake and stop such provocative actions to avoid undermining China-U.S. relations and regional peace and stability,” a Foreign Ministry spokeswoman said Tuesday in a statement.
]]>U.S. Was Right to Give China’s Navy the Boot - Bloomberg
▻https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-08-02/u-s-was-right-to-give-china-s-navy-the-boot
By James Stavridis
[ex-SACEUR]
The vast annual military operation known as the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (simply #RIMPAC in Pentagon jargon) just concluded on the beaches of Southern California with a huge demonstration of an amphibious assault, which involves sending troops ashore from warships at sea — a highly complex maneuver whether D-Day or present day.
The exercise is held every two years all over the Pacific Basin, and is the largest international maritime exercise in the world. It is globally regarded by naval officers as the Olympic Games of naval power. Run by the U.S. Pacific Fleet, which is headquartered in Pearl Harbor, it normally includes warships and troops from every branch of the U.S. armed forces, and those of than 20 foreign nations.
[…]
But this year, in a break with recent tradition, China was “disinvited” in May because of its militarization of a variety of artificial islands in the volatile #South_China_sea, where it is sending troops and setting up combat-aircraft, runways and missile systems. There was also a distinct undercurrent of opposition to China’s presence by the Donald Trump administration, which sensibly criticizes Beijing for trade practices and theft of intellectual property.
While I’ve repeatedly criticized Trump for his dealings with allies and foes, cutting Beijing “out of the pattern” this year was the right decision. It deprived China of not only the chance to observe and learn about allied naval practices, but also of the prestige of engaging with the top navies in the world. The increasing involvement of India — the obvious strategic counterweight to China — as well as this year’s addition of Vietnam — a growing naval actor deeply concerned about Chinese dominance in the South China Sea — sends a powerful signal.
]]>Le monde vu de Pékin : conflits frontaliers et revendications territoriales, 2003
►https://visionscarto.net/le-monde-vu-de-pekin-frontieres
Titre : Le monde vu de Pékin : conflits frontaliers et revendications territoriales, 2003 Mots-clés : #Chine #Pékin #Perception #Géopolitique #Représentation #Frontières #mer_de_chine_méridionale Auteur : Philippe Rekacewicz Date de création : 2003 Le monde vu de Pékin : conflits frontaliers et revendications territoriales (sécurisation des marges). 2003. Toutes les versions du « monde vu de Pékin » : 2003 - 2006 - 2009 - (...)
]]>China holds missile drills in #South_China_Sea amid heightened tension | World | Reuters
▻https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN1JB0C9
China’s navy carried out drills in the South China Sea to simulate fending off an aerial attack, state media said on Friday, as the country trades barbs with the United States over responsibility for heightened tension in the disputed waterway.
[…]
China’s navy carried out a simulated missile attack in an unspecified area of the South China Sea using three target drones making flyovers of a ship formation at varying heights, the official army newspaper said.
]]>Les îles militarisées en mer de Chine du Sud : la partie émergée de la puissance de frappe de Pékin
▻http://theconversation.com/les-iles-militarisees-en-mer-de-chine-du-sud-la-partie-emergee-de-l
En dépit d’un semblant de détente en Asie entre Donald Trump et Kim Jong‑un, la « guerre d’influence en mer de Chine entre Pékin et Washington ne va pas cesser quels que soient les développements sur le dossier nord-coréen » notait le correspondant du journal Le Monde Gilles Paris, envoyé spécial à Singapour, lors d’un live avec les lecteurs du quotidien.
#chine #océan_indien #thalassocratie #mer_de_chine_méridionale
Début juin, le sentiment était le même au sommet annuel du Shangri-La Dialogue à Singapour sur les enjeux de sécurité en Asie-Pacifique.
La ministre française des Armées, Florence Parly avait particulièrement rappelé l’urgence au respect du droit international en mer de Chine du Sud et que la zone était marquée par la compétition entre pays plus que par la coopération régionale qu’il convenait, selon elle, de soutenir.
]]>Exclusive: U.S. warships sail near South China Sea islands claimed by Beijing | Reuters
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-military-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-warships-sail-near-south-china-sea-islands-claimed-by-beijing
Two U.S. Navy warships sailed near South China Sea islands claimed by China on Sunday, two U.S. officials told Reuters, in a move that drew condemnation from Beijing as President Donald Trump seeks its continued cooperation on North Korea.
[…]
The U.S. officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the Higgins guided-missile destroyer and the Antietam, a guided-missile cruiser, came within 12 nautical miles of the #Paracel_Islands, among a string of islets, reefs and shoals over which China has territorial disputes with its neighbors.
The U.S. military vessels carried out maneuvering operations near Tree, Lincoln, Triton and Woody islands in the Paracels, one of the officials said.
#mer_de_Chine_méridionale #Îles_Paracels
#FoN #Freedom_of_Navigation
USS Antietam, CG-54 (croiseur lance-missiles)
USS Higgins, DDG-76 (destroyer lance-missiles)
Bataille navale à distance en mer de Chine - Libération
▻http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2018/05/25/bataille-navale-a-distance-en-mer-de-chine_1653861
Mais cette fois, Washington a décidé de réagir par une mesure symbolique, en annonçant ce mercredi l’exclusion de la Chine du Rim of the Pacific (#RIMPAC), les plus importantes manœuvres maritimes mondiales, qui doivent avoir lieu à partir de la fin du mois de juin dans le Pacifique. « La poursuite par la Chine de la militarisation de possessions disputées dans la mer de Chine méridionale ne fait qu’attiser les tensions et déstabiliser la région », a déclaré le porte-parole du Pentagone, ajoutant que ce comportement n’était « pas compatible avec les principes et les objectifs de l’exercice RIMPAC ». Le timing de cette exclusion, annoncée le jour même de la visite du ministre des Affaires étrangères chinois à Washington tombe comme un camouflet pour Pékin.
]]>China Sends Military Plane to Third #South_China_Sea Airstrip - Bloomberg
▻https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-10/china-deploys-military-plane-to-third-south-china-sea-airstrip
China has landed a military plane on the last of its three airstrips in the disputed South China Sea, a Washington-based research institution said, amid renewed complaints about the country expanding its military presence in the busy shipping lane.
The Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative said satellite images from April 28 showed the first confirmed deployment of a military aircraft — a Shaanxi Y-8 transport plane — on #Subi_Reef. The structure hosts one of three runways China has built as part of a massive dredging and reclamation operation in the Spratlys chain since 2013, and was the last of three where military aircraft had been observed.
“This should be particularly concerning to the Philippines,” AMTI, a unit of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said on its website. About 100 Philippine civilians and a small military garrison are stationed on the Thitu islet, about 12 nautical miles away from Subi.
The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it wasn’t aware of situation described by AMTI. “China’s peaceful construction activities on the #Spratly_Islands, including the deployment of necessary homeland defense facilities, is necessary to protect sovereignty and national security,” the ministry said in an emailed response to questions. “It is an absolute right a sovereign country enjoys and it doesn’t target any country.”
]]>China installs cruise missiles on South China Sea outposts: CNBC | Reuters
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-missiles/china-installs-cruise-missiles-on-south-china-sea-outposts-cnbc-report-idUS
China has installed anti-ship cruise missiles and surface-to-air missile systems on three of its outposts in the South China Sea, U.S. news network CNBC reported on Wednesday, citing sources with direct knowledge of U.S. intelligence reports.
The installations, if confirmed, would mark the first Chinese missile deployments in the Spratly Islands, where several Asian countries including Vietnam and Taiwan have rival claims.
China has made no mention of any missile deployments but says its military facilities in the #Spratlys are purely defensive, and that it can do what it likes on its own territory.
[…]
CNBC quoted unnamed sources as saying that according to U.S. intelligence assessments, the missiles were moved to Fiery Cross Reef, Subi Reef and Mischief Reef within the past 30 days.
]]>Vietnam halts South China Sea oil drilling project under pressure from Beijing
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-vietnam/vietnam-scraps-south-china-sea-oil-drilling-project-under-pressure-from-bei
Vietnam has halted an oil drilling project in the “Red Emperor” block off its southeastern coast licensed to Spanish energy firm #Repsol following pressure from China, three sources with direct knowledge of the situation told Reuters on Friday.
It would be the second time in less than a year that Vietnam has had to suspend a major oil development in the busy #South_China_Sea waterway under pressure from China.
[…]
#Red_Emperor, known in Vietnamese as the #Ca_Rong_Do field, is part of Block 07/03 in the #Nam_Con_Son basin, 440 km (273 miles) off the coast of Vietnam’s southern city of Vung Tau.
The $1-billion field of moderate size by international standards is seen as a key asset to help slow the decline of Vietnam’s stalling oil and gas production.
But the block lies near the U-shaped “#nine-dash_line ” that marks the vast area that China claims in the sea and overlaps what it says are its own oil concessions.
Located in waters around 350 metres (1,148 ft) deep, it is considered to be profitable from around $60 per barrel. Current Brent crude oil prices are almost $70 per barrel.
On est très très bas, dans la #mer_de_Chine_méridionale, mais trop proche de la #ligne_en_neuf_traits …
▻https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligne_en_neuf_traits
#langue_de_bœuf #Đường_lưỡi_bò
#Cá_Rồng_Đỏ
cf. ▻https://seenthis.net/messages/617802 (avec autre carte)
Exclusive: U.S. Warship Sails Near Disputed South China Sea Island, Officials Say - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/03/23/world/asia/23reuters-usa-china-southchinasea.html
A U.S. Navy destroyer carried out a “#freedom_of_navigation ” operation on Friday, coming within 12 nautical miles of an artificial island built by China in the South China Sea, U.S. officials told Reuters.
The operation, which infuriated Beijing, was the latest attempt to counter what Washington sees as China’s efforts to limit freedom of navigation in the strategic waters.
The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the destroyer _Mustin traveled close to #Mischief_Reef in the #Spratly Islands and carried out maneuvering operations. China has territorial disputes with its neighbors over the area.
]]>Suspected Chinese #Cyber_Espionage Group Observed Targeting U.S. Maritime Industry – gCaptain
▻http://gcaptain.com/suspected-chinese-cyber-espionage-group-observed-targeting-u-s-maritime-in
#FireEye, a leading cybersecurity company, released new research on Friday shedding light on activity from suspected Chinese cyber espionage group, dubbed #TEMP.Periscope, targeting U.S. engineering and maritime industries.
Since at least early 2018, FireEye has observed an ongoing wave of intrusions suspected to be from TEMP.Periscope, the company said. These intrusions have primarily targeted engineering and maritime entities, especially those connected to #South_China_Sea issues.
TEMP.Periscope, which has been active since at least 2013, has primarily focused on maritime-related targets across multiple verticals including engineering firms, shipping and transportation, manufacturing, defense, government offices, and research universities.
Identified victims were mostly found in the United States, although organizations in Europe and at least one in Hong Kong have also been affected.
According to FireEye, TEMP.Periscope had gone quiet just like many other Chinese groups after the Obama-Xi agreement in late 2015. However, the group was observed resurfacing in the summer of 2017, and it has been particularly active since this past February.
“The organizations targeted by TEMP.Periscope have a connection to the ongoing disputes in the South China Sea,” said Fred Plan, Senior Analyst at FireEye. “They or their customers are involved in military and defense, or the shipping business, or they are developing technologies that would be advantageous to the defense industry or governments in the region. Because of the group’s tendency to target engineering organizations we believe the group is seeking technical data that can help inform strategic decision-making. Hypothetically, this could be used to answer questions like ‘what is the range and effectiveness of this marine radar system?’ or ‘how precisely can a system detect and identify activities at sea?’”
]]>Sanchi Oil Spill Has Already Caused ’Serious Ecological Injury’
▻https://www.ecowatch.com/sanchi-oil-spill-2529690043.html
The Sanchi oil spill in the East China Sea could potentially be one of the worst tanker spills in decades, experts are warning, even though the spill has now largely disappeared from news reports.
Work by scientists from the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) and the University of Southampton, who have plotted where the condensate ends up, believe that the spill could even reach Japan within a month. In doing so, it could severely impact locally important reefs, fishing grounds and protected marine areas.
Pas terrible pour les thons rouges
China says U.S. warship violated its South China Sea sovereignty
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-us-sovereignty/china-accuses-u-s-warship-of-violating-its-sovereignty-idUSKBN1F9088
A U.S. Navy destroyer this week sailed near the #Scarborough_Shoal, a disputed lagoon claimed by China in the South China Sea, U.S. officials said on Saturday, and Beijing vowed to take “necessary measures” to protect what it said was its sovereignty.
China’s foreign ministry said USS Hopper missile destroyer came within 12 nautical miles off #Huangyan_island, better known as the Scarborough Shoal and subject to a rival claim by the Philippines, a historic ally of the United States.
Et donc, les marronniers :
#Mer_de_Chine_méridionale
#freedom_of_navigation #FoN
#innocent_passage #passage_inoffensif
et tout le toutim…
THE SOUTH CHINA SEA : - the Mediterranean of Asia, Ellen Wasylina - livre, ebook, epub
▻http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&isbn=978-2-343-13360-7
THE SOUTH CHINA SEA :
the Mediterranean of Asia
The geostrategic Maritime Review n°9
Ellen Wasylina
ACTUALITÉ SOCIALE ET POLITIQUE GÉOPOLITIQUE, RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES, DIPLOMATIE ASIE Chine
The South China Sea is a classic Mediterranean sea-structure with a long history of populations living in the basin and taking advantage of a permanent trading activity interrupted by some dramatic war moments. The Chinese preponderance on the development and the history of the basin has been a permanent element of both equilibrium and dilemma. Political and military tensions are heating up with a sharp increase in commercial relations amongst the regional countries and the great international powers.
–------
Revues QUEST OF THE ARCTIC, Ellen Wasylina, The geostrategic Maritime Review 7
▻http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=numero&no=52253&no_revue=934
QUEST OF THE ARCTIC
The geostrategic Maritime Review n°7
Ellen Wasylina
ENVIRONNEMENT, NATURE, ÉCOLOGIE GÉOPOLITIQUE, RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES, DIPLOMATIE ARCTIQUE
This seventh issue of the Geostrategic Maritime Review comes on the sixth year of activity of the International Geostrategic Maritime Observatory. This publication contains five articles : Arctic Geopolitics as a Major Public Issue : the Reasons Behind a Lack of Awareness ; Harvesting Arctic Authority : The Protection of Arctic Biomarine Resources, Sovereignty and Global Security ; The Case for an International Régime for the Arctic ; 25 years ago : the Odyssey of the Astrolabe and A life in the service of France, of the Pacific, and the Arctic and Antarctica : Michel Rocard (1930-2016), Regions.
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Revues STRATEGIC BALTIC SEA, Ellen Wasylina, The geostrategic Maritime Review 8
▻http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=numero&no=54076&no_revue=934
STRATEGIC BALTIC SEA
The #geostrategic_Maritime_Review n°8
Ellen Wasylina
ACTUALITÉ SOCIALE ET POLITIQUE QUESTIONS EUROPÉENNES GÉOPOLITIQUE, RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES, DIPLOMATIE EUROPE
This issue of the Geostrategic Maritime Review gives the reader some background and depth on the history of the Baltic Sea region. The studied topics are the geostrategic situation, the geopolitical and geoeconomic stakes of logistic hubs in the Baltic states, and finally, the digitalization and modernization of European transportation and the roles that the US, Russia and the EU play together to ensure national, economic and energy security in Eurasia.
#arctique #mer_de_chine_méridonale #pays_baltes #mer_baltique #bibliographie #
]]>« Si la liberté de navigation est bafouée en mer de Chine, elle le sera partout »
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2017/10/31/si-la-liberte-de-navigation-est-bafouee-en-mer-de-chine-elle-le-sera-partout
Le droit de la mer est remis en question par les politiques du fait accompli, selon l’amiral Denis Bertrand, commandant de la zone maritime Pacifique et des forces armées en Polynésie française.
La frégate Auvergne vient d’effectuer une mission de huit jours en mer de Chine du Sud, passant par les îles Spratleys, mais également, ce qui est plus nouveau pour la marine française, à proximité des îles Paracel, qui sont aussi revendiquées par la Chine. Pourquoi cette navigation ?
L’importance de cette navigation dans la région est illustrée dans la revue stratégique de la défense nationale qui vient d’être adoptée par le président de la République : elle souligne l’affirmation de la puissance chinoise, son influence régionale, et le développement considérable de ses capacités militaires. Nous avons un point de préoccupation, qu’a rappelé la ministre des armées en juin au Shangri-La Dialogue [le grand rendez-vous des ministres de la défense de la zone Asie-Pacifique] : la défense d’un ordre international fondé sur le droit. Cela vaut pour la piraterie, la prolifération avec la Corée du Nord, les pêches illégales, ou les entraves à la liberté de navigation. L’application de la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer est remise en question par les politiques du fait accompli.
Pour conserver son autonomie stratégique, la France doit préserver sa capacité d’appréciation de la situation. Il nous faut entretenir nos connaissances sur l’évolution des équilibres internationaux et régionaux, les comportements des uns et des autres. Depuis fin 2014, plus d’une dizaine de bateaux français ont ainsi transité dans la région, là où le droit de la mer nous y autorise, y compris dans ces zones contestées. Avec trois mots-clés : lisibilité, constance, équilibre.
Quel est le bilan de ces transits ?
Quand on navigue dans de telles zones, on apprend énormément des réactions, comme de l’absence de réactions observée. Nos transits nous montrent que la Chine a des réactions de plus en plus professionnelles, qu’elle est attentive à ce qu’il se…
La France se met aussi aux mission #FoN #Freedom_of_Navigation
]]>Exclusive: U.S. warship sails near islands Beijing claims in South China Sea - U.S. officials
▻https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-military-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-warship-sails-near-disputed-island-in-south-china-sea-u-s-off
L’illustration de Reuters, plus ancienne, est ainsi légendée :
USS Chafee, a US Navy destroyer which operates 100 percent on biofuel, sails about 150 miles (241 km) north of the island of Oahu during the RIMPAC Naval exercises off Hawaii July 18,2012.
Nous sommes donc en présence d’un vrai #destroyer_bio…
A U.S. Navy destroyer sailed near islands claimed by China in the South China Sea on Tuesday, three U.S. officials told Reuters, prompting anger in Beijing, even as President Donald Trump’s administration seeks Chinese cooperation in reining in North Korea’s missile and nuclear programs.
The operation was the latest attempt to counter what Washington sees as Beijing’s efforts to limit freedom of navigation in the strategic waters. But it was not as provocative as previous ones carried out since Trump took office in January.
The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the Chafee, a guided-missile destroyer, carried out normal maneuvering operations that challenged “excessive maritime claims” near the Paracel Islands, among a string of islets, reefs and shoals over which China has territorial disputes with its neighbors.
[…]
Unlike in August, when a U.S. Navy destroyer came within 12 nautical miles of an artificial island built up by China in the South China Sea, officials said the destroyer on Tuesday sailed close to but not within that range of the islands.
#Mer_de_Chine_méridionale #Paracels
Pour mémoire, le précédent d’août était accompli par l’USS John S McCain, de la même classe Arleigh-Burke, dont il a été depuis abondamment question par ailleurs…
]]>Philippines Promises Vietnam a Full Investigation Into Fishermen’s Deaths - The New York Times
▻https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/25/world/asia/philippines-vietnamese-fishermen.html
The Bolinao police said in a report that the Vietnamese boat was one of six that had been spotted in the area, allegedly violating international law by fishing in the Philippines’s so-called exclusive economic zone. A navy boat with Bolinao police and coast guard personnel aboard approached, and the closest vessel turned off its light and sped away, prompting a chase, according to the report.
It said the fishing boat disregarded repeated calls to stop and “made dangerous maneuvers.” Navy personnel fired warning shots, but the boat continued to flee, at which point warning shots were fired “toward the vessel,” the report said.
The boats then collided, according to the report. The Vietnamese boat sped away but stopped after several minutes. The Philippine team boarded and found two bodies on the deck. There were six bullet holes in the boat, the report said, and the Vietnamese were later determined to have died from gunshot wounds.
#Mer_de_Chine_Méridionale
Ça c’est du #coup_de_semonce #à_la_Duterte …
Beijing is using underwater drones in the South China Sea to show off its might
China has deployed underwater drones in the strategic waterway for scientific purposes, but the technology could be used as a political and military tool
Beijing claims a massive section of the South China Sea that extends roughly 1,000 miles from its southern shores — many other nations dispute those claims
▻https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/12/china-uses-underwater-drones-in-south-china-sea.html
]]>U.S. destroyer challenges China’s claims in South China Sea
▻http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-southchinasea-exclusive-idUSKBN1AQ0YK
A U.S. Navy destroyer carried out a “freedom of navigation operation” on Thursday, coming within 12 nautical miles of an artificial island built up by China in the #South_China_Sea, U.S. officials told Reuters.
The operation came as President Donald Trump’s administration seeks Chinese cooperation in dealing with North Korea’s missile and nuclear programs and could complicate efforts to secure a common stance.
The officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the USS John S. McCain traveled close to #Mischief_Reef in the #Spratly_Islands, among a string of islets, reefs and shoals. China has territorial disputes with its neighbors over the area.
It was the third “#freedom_of_navigation operation” during Trump’s presidency.
#FON #Mer_de_Chine_méridionale #Spratleys
Histoire d’obtenir la coopération de la Chine contre la Corée du Nord, j’imagine…
]]>Britain’s new aircraft carriers to test Beijing in South China Sea | UK news | The Guardian
▻https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jul/27/britains-new-aircraft-carriers-to-test-beijing-in-south-china-sea
Boris Johnson has committed the UK’s two brand new aircraft carriers to freedom of navigation exercises in the fiercely-contested waters of the #South_China_Sea.
In a pointed remarks aimed squarely at China - whose island-building and militarisation in the sea has unnerved western powers - the Foreign Secretary said that when the ships are in service they would be sent to the Asia-Pacific region as one of their first assignments.
“One of the first things we will do with the two new colossal aircraft carriers that we have just built is send them on a #freedom_of_navigation operation to this area,” Johnson said in Sydney on Thursday, “to vindicate our belief in the rules-based international system and in the freedom of navigation through those waterways which are absolutely vital for world trade.”
Le Royaume-Uni se met aussi aux #FONOPS …
]]>Deux notes de la Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique, de juin 2016 (à la veille de la décision de la Cour permanente d’arbitrage)
Procédure d’arbitrage et montée des tensions en mer de Chine : la nécessaire consolidation du système de normes internationales - Notes de la FRS
▻https://www.frstrategie.org/publications/notes/procedure-d-arbitrage-et-montee-des-tensions-en-mer-de-chine-13-2016
La première note : « Le recours des Philippines auprès de la Cour d’Arbitrage – aggravation ou sortie de crise en mer de Chine ? » dresse un tableau précis des revendications territoriales et maritimes en mer de Chine méridionale, ainsi que des enjeux économiques et juridiques liés à ces revendications et au jugement rendu par la Cour d’arbitrage de La Haye.
La seconde note : « la stratégie de la Chine en mer de Chine : des objectifs multiples », replace la montée des tensions en mer de Chine dans le contexte plus global d’une stratégie chinoise qui tente de s’affranchir du système de normes internationales et d’imposer un rapport de force au nom des droits souverains non négociables de la RPC.
La première fait un point détaillé, accompagné de cartes bien venues.
La seconde conclut à la nécessité d’un #signal_fort. Nous y sommes…
Conclusion : la nécessité d’un signal fort
Face à ce risque croissant de conflit, dans une zone d’importance majeure pour l’ensemble de la communauté internationale, un signal fort est nécessaire pour mettre un coup d’arrêt à une stratégie aventuriste en mer de Chine méridionale qui ne peut être dissociée de la radicalisation idéologique du régime chinois.
Alors que la cour d’arbitrage se prépare à rendre un jugement, la RPC a accentué les pressions diplomatiques, notamment auprès de ses alliés traditionnels en Asie du Sud-Est, mais pas uniquement. Il s’agit pour la Chine, dans l’éventualité d’un jugement négatif, d’en réduire les conséquences en créant des divisions dans l’interprétation du jugement au sein de la communauté internationale, entre les pays de l’ASEAN eux-mêmes, mais également entre États européens et entre l’Europe et les États-Unis.
A l’inverse, un soutien universel et fortement exprimé au jugement rendu ne pourrait que démontrer la détermination de la communauté internationale en faveur d’une évolution non conflictuelle de la résolution des conflits en mer de Chine méridionale. Par ailleurs, cette position ne pourra que peser favorablement en faveur d’une intégration plus positive de la puissance chinoise, membre permanent du Conseil de sécurité et à ce titre acteur majeur de la communauté internationale, au système mondial.
La question du soutien au caractère contraignant du jugement pourra notamment se poser, en raison du précédent qu’il pourrait créer pour d’autres États signataires de la CNUDM (UNCLOS). Toutefois, c’est justement cette dimension contraignante, et le soutien clair et sans ambiguïté apporté par la communauté internationale, qui permettra d’apaiser les tensions en Asie orientale et de poser les bases de relations qui ne seraient plus fondées sur le rapport de force entre « petits pays » et « grands pays » .
]]>L’Amérique de Trump se mesure à Pékin en #mer_de_Chine | Patrick BAERT | #Asie & #Océanie
▻http://www.lapresse.ca/international/asie-oceanie/201705/25/01-5101148-lamerique-de-trump-se-mesure-a-pekin-en-mer-de-chine.php
La limite de 12 milles nautiques (environ 22 km) a une valeur symbolique : elle constitue la largeur maximale des eaux territoriales d’un pays aux termes de la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer. En pénétrant dans cette zone, Washington ignore de facto les prétentions chinoises sur le récif de Mischief.
]]>Tensions erupt between the Philippines and China over disputed island - World Socialist Web Site
▻http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2017/03/30/phil-m30.html
Tensions erupt between the Philippines and China over disputed island
By Joseph Santolan
30 March 2017
Over the past several weeks, sharp tensions emerged between Beijing and Manila over the disputed Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea, exposing the advanced character of the crisis gripping the Philippines, a result of Washington’s preparations for war with China.
The Scarborough Shoal is a triangular chain of rocks and atolls located 140 miles west of the Philippine island of Luzon. In the wake of the Obama administration’s launching its “pivot to Asia” in 2010, this collection of rocks in the South China Sea became the subject of fierce contention. Manila and Beijing came to the brink of a shooting war over the shoal in a military stand-off that lasted for months in the first half of 2012.
]]>