#ne

La face cachée de l’attaque du 7 octobre - Documentaire sous-titrage FR - 2024-10-09

via ▻https://diasp.eu/p/17121388

#Palestine
#Gaza #guerre

▻https://invidious.fdn.fr/watch?v=Dk3v_UsGVhs ▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk3v_UsGVhs

Le #Royaume-Uni #nationalise l’opérateur de son #réseau_électrique
▻https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/royaume-uni/le-royaume-uni-nationalise-l-operateur-de-son-reseau-electrique_6779920

La nouvelle entité est baptisée Opérateur national du système énergétique (#Neso). Cela concrétise un projet de longue date pour reprendre la main sur ces opérations.

#TINA ?

#raspberry_pi Imager Gets Qt 6 Port, Now Offers AppImages on Linux
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/raspberry-pi-imager-official-appimage

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/raspberry-pi-imager-1-406x232.jpg

You don’t need to own a Raspberry Pi to make use of the Raspberry Pi Imager. This nifty #image_writer makes flashing ISO, IMG, and similar files to USB drives and SD cards mighty easy. A new update, Raspberry Pi Imager 1.9, was released this week with some big changes. For one, this open-source and cross-platform image writing tool now uses Qt 6. This framework uplift offers a stack of underlying improvements in terms of stability, plus visual changes too. Raspberry Pi say the Qt 6 port provides “a lightly refreshed UI throughout on all platforms.” Comparing the Qt 6 […] You’re reading Raspberry Pi Imager Gets Qt 6 Port, Now Offers AppImages on Linux, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News #App_Updates #AppImage #qt_apps

Ubuntu 24.10 Fixes a Pesky File Picker Paper-Cut
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/ubuntu-24-10-fixes-missing-thumbnails-file-picker

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ubuntu-24.10-oracular-oriole-406x232.jpg

Ubuntu 24.10 features a clutch of headline-worth changes, but also plenty of less obvious fixes for “paper cuts” – including a decades-long issue with thumbnails in the GTK file picker. Feeling deja-vu? GNOME 44 (shipped in Ubuntu 23.04) included a thumbnail grid in the GTK file picker to make it quicker and easier to select the right files to upload, or open in an app, and so on. A feature long overdue, resolving a “bug” which had been open for 20 years! Only, there is a bit of a problem with how it works — some of you may have […] You’re reading Ubuntu 24.10 Fixes a Pesky File Picker Paper-Cut, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News

Neukölln-Komplex : Taten einer Gruppe
▻https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/483638.neuk%C3%B6lln-komplex-taten-einer-gruppe.html

https://www.jungewelt.de/img/450/199660.jpg

Pendant des années la police politique de Berlin a saboté l’enquête contre les auteurs de plusieurs attentats contre des militants de gauche. En première instance les accusés ont alors été acquitté pour manque de preuve. En ce moment on peut assister à la procédure de deuxième instance.

13.9.2024 von Annuschka Eckhardt - Berufungsverfahren im »Neukölln-Komplex«: Verlesung des Urteils der vorherigen Instanz und Zeugenvernehmungen

Mehr als 30mal muss die Richterin es verlesen: »Rudolf Hess – das war Mord« (sic) und »Mord verjährt nicht«. Die beiden angeklagten Neonazis Tilo P. und Sebastian T. hatten diese Sprüche über Jahre in Berlin-Neukölln gesprayt, die Buchstaben »S« in »Hess« als Sigrunen, eine Schablone mit Konterfei des Naziverbrechers Heß führten sie offenbar auch mit sich. Außerdem sollen sie Brandanschläge auf Linke verübt haben, so auf den Politiker Ferat Koçak und den Buchhändler Heinz Ostermann. Die beiden Faschisten waren vor mehr als eineinhalb Jahren vom Amtsgericht Tiergarten aus Mangel an Beweisen vom Vorwurf der Brandstiftung gegen die Autos ihrer politischen Gegner freigesprochen worden.

Am Donnerstag begann der Berufungsprozess im sogenannten Neukölln-Komplex im Landgericht in Berlin-Moabit. Bislang sind 14 Verhandlungstage bis Ende November angesetzt. Nach Überzeugung der Generalstaatsanwaltschaft wollte das Duo Menschen einschüchtern, die sich gegen Neonazismus engagieren. Das Amtsgericht Tiergarten hatte den Angeklagten P. am 15. Dezember 2022 und den Angeklagten T. am 7. Februar 2023 in erster Instanz unter anderem vom Vorwurf der Brandstiftung aus Mangel an Beweisen freigesprochen. Gleichzeitig hatte das Amtsgericht P. wegen Sachbeschädigung und Verwendens von Kennzeichen verfassungswidriger Organisationen in mehreren Fällen zu einer Gesamtgeldstrafe von 150 Tagessätzen zu je 30 Euro und T. wegen Betrugs, Sachbeschädigung, Verwendens von Kennzeichen verfassungswidriger Organisationen, Bedrohung, Beleidigung und Störung des öffentlichen Friedens zu einer Gesamtfreiheitsstrafe von einem Jahr und sechs Monaten verurteilt. Gegen die Urteile hatten sowohl die Generalstaatsanwaltschaft als auch die Angeklagten Berufung eingelegt. Mehr als 70 rechte Straftaten hatten die Ermittlungsbehörden seit 2013 in Neukölln gezählt. Erst im August 2021 erhob die Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Anklage.

Die Verlesung des Urteils aus der ersten Instanz dauerte über eine Stunde. Stoisch wiederholt Richterin Susann Wettley Straßennamen, Hausnummern und Postleitzahlen von Orten im migrantisch geprägten Bezirk Neukölln, denen die Neonazis »Besuche« abgestattet hatten, um ihre faschistischen Botschaften anzubringen, Linke einzuschüchtern oder lebensbedrohliche Brandsätze zu legen. Doch darum sollte es am ersten Verhandlungstag der Berufung nicht gehen, sondern um eine Wohnung von T., für deren Miete er Geld vom Jobcenter erhielt, sie aber untervermietete. Dazu waren mehrere Zeugen geladen, unter anderem eine bulgarische Untermieterin und die angebliche Verlobte des Angeklagten, in deren Wohnung er seit 2021 offiziell gemeldet ist.

»Es ist wirklich eine Schande, dass Herr Ostermann und ich nach fast sieben Jahren nun wieder bei diesem Prozess als Zeugen auftauchen müssen. Die Begegnung mit den Nazis, die meinen Tod und den meiner Eltern in Kauf genommen haben, ist für mich enorm retraumatisierend, kostet mich Schlaf und hält mich von wichtiger Arbeit ab«, sagte der Betroffene, Zeuge und auch Nebenkläger Koçak am Donnerstag gegenüber junge Welt. Der Tag des Anschlags und die damit einhergehenden Ängste bestimmten wieder den Alltag des Sprechers für antifaschistische Politik, Strategien gegen rechts und Klimapolitik der Fraktion Die Linke im Berliner Abgeordnetenhaus und den des Buchhändlers Ostermann. Besonders erschreckend sei, dass neben dem ehemaligen Neuköllner AfD-Vorstandsmitglied P. auch einer von »Der III. Weg« angeklagt ist, einer Gruppierung, die zuletzt mit Kampfsporttrainings für Faschisten im Berliner Raum Aufsehen erregt hatte. Gemeint ist der Angeklagte Sebastian T. »Es ist wichtig, dass endlich berücksichtigt wird, dass es hier um eine organisierte Gruppe und nicht um Einzeltäter geht, die seit Jahren Neuköllner terrorisieren«, so Koçak.

Die Bedrohungslage scheint indes weiter vorhanden zu sein: Erst vor kurzem habe »Der III. Weg« vor Koçaks Wohnhaus eine Drohung hinterlassen haben, um ihn vor dem Prozess einzuschüchtern.

#Allemagne #Berlin #Neukölln #justice #police_politique #extrême_droite #attentat

Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS Released with Linux Kernel 6.8
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/ubuntu-22-04-5-lts-released-with-linux-kernel-6-8

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/jellyfish-upgrade-406x232.jpg

The fifth and final point release to #Ubuntu_22.04_LTS is now available to download. This update was due to be released a couple of weeks ago but was delayed by a delay in getting Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS out the door – something had to give, so the release date of this update slipped. But it’s here now, ready to download. Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS brings a freshly-spun installer image (ISO) that includes all of the software, security, and stability updates released since the last ISO was made. This cuts down on the number of updates that have to downloaded after […] You’re reading Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS Released with Linux Kernel 6.8, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News #Point_Releases

#Tiling_Shell Adds Option to Show Border Around Focused Window
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/tiling-shell-gnome-extension-window-border-option

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/tiling-shell-gnome-shell-extension-406x232.jpg

All keybindings accessible from one place You’re reading Tiling Shell Adds Option to Show Border Around Focused Window, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without permission.

#News #GNOME_Extensions

#Linux_Mint Tease ‘Improved’ Default #Cinnamon Theme
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/linux-mint-new-default-cinnamon-theme-more

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/mint-touchpad-406x232.jpg

The Cinnamon desktop environment looks pretty nice on Linux Mint, but if you install it on other distributions it doesn’t look as good — but that’s about to change. In his latest monthly mail-shot, distro lead Clement Lefebvre says the “ugly” default Cinnamon theme, which is maintained for trouble-shooting purposes rather than intended to be used by end-users, will be “much improved” in the upcoming Cinnamon 5.4 release. “In our distribution the focus is on Mint-Y. The default Cinnamon theme […] rarely gets attention from theme artists,” he says. “Ideally, it is the responsibility of the distributions to make things […] You’re reading Linux Mint Tease ‘Improved’ Default Cinnamon Theme, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News

Europe saved its predators from the brink of extinction. So why is it killing thousands of bears, wolves and lynx? | Hunting | The Guardian

▻https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/sep/12/europe-saved-its-predators-from-brink-of-extinction-so-why-killing-thou

Europe saved its predators from the brink of #extinction. So why is it killing thousands of #bears, #wolves and #lynx?

Nelly Didelot
@nellydidelot

A 2022 study founds #wolf_attacks were associated with #far-right gains in #German #municipal_elections of 1-2%

via #Nelly_didelot, twitter ▻https://x.com/nellydidelot

Parallels 20 for Mac Released with Ubuntu 24.04 VM Support
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/parallels-desktop-for-mac-ubuntu-2404-support

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/parallels-desktop-for-mac-ubuntu-406x232.jpg

Parallels Desktop 20 has been released for #macOS. The virtualisation software introduces a number of buffs for Linux VMs running on macOS. The headline change in #Parallels_Desktop 20 is support for macOS Sequoia, both as host OS and as a guest — important given that Sequoia is due to be released in the next few weeks. But Parallels Desktop 20 has a lot of improvements for Linux guests too. First up, it now officially supports Ubuntu 24.04 LTS VMs, Fedora 39/40, and a handful of other recent Linux distributions releases. The icons for Ubuntu VMs now use the new […] You’re reading Parallels 20 for Mac Released with Ubuntu 24.04 VM Support, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News #Virtual_Machines

#Virtualbox 7.1: Qt 6 UI, Wayland Clipboard, New Icon + More
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/virtualbox-7-1-goes-stable-with-qt-6-ui-wayland-clipboard-support-more

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/VirtualBox-7.1-Qt6-1-406x232.jpg

VirtualBox 7.1 is now available to download for Windows, macOS, and Linux. Those upgrading from VirtualBox 7.0 or earlier will find a sizeable set of changes on offer, among them what Oracle describe as a “modernized look and feel”. Set your expectations accordingly for while this update to VirtualBox does feature an improved UI, as well as a port to Qt 6, the extent of those changes are more ‘modest refinement’ than ‘major revamp’. Basically, VirtualBox 7.1 now offers two UI modes: Basic (educes the number of options, settings, info, etc shown) and Expert (doesn’t hide anything). Switching between them is easy, […] You’re reading VirtualBox 7.1: Qt 6 UI, Wayland Clipboard, New Icon + More, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News #App_Updates #Virtual_Machines

Ubuntu’s New #Prompting_Client is Here to Make #Snap_Apps Safer
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/prompting-client-snaps-ubuntu

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/security--406x232.jpg

Prompting Client is the latest #security effort for snap software, and acts as a companion to the new desktop Security Center app. As you may have read in my article last week, Prompting Client is a security buffer — think doorman — that guards your home folder. Whenever a snap app wants to access non-hidden files within, Prompting Client intervenes to ask you to approve. I’d been tracking this tool’s development for a while but there wasn’t really a lot of explanation or rationale behind it on the project’s Github, and some of the links in commits and issues filed […] You’re reading Ubuntu’s New Prompting Client is Here to Make Snap Apps Safer, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#News #Ubuntu_24.10

Néandertal : un corps retrouvé en France révèle qu’il n’y avait pas une, mais au moins deux lignées au moment de leur extinction
▻https://theconversation.com/neandertal-un-corps-retrouve-en-france-revele-quil-ny-avait-pas-une

Le scénario semblait simple et bien établi. Les derniers néandertaliens tiraient leur révérence suite à l’arrivée de Sapiens sur les territoires européens il y a 40 à 45 000 ans. Ces ultimes néandertaliens étaient représentés par une unique population très homogène que la génétique avait reconnue à travers l’Europe, en Espagne, en France, en Croatie, en Belgique ou en Allemagne. Les études génétiques étaient sans appel ; une unique population, très homogène dans sa biologie allait laisser place aux nouveaux arrivants Sapiens. En une poignée de millénaires, quelque part entre 45 et 42 000, la cohabitation des deux humanités allait aboutir au remplacement de cette population néandertalienne européenne.

Ce mercredi 11 septembre, notre équipe de la Grotte Mandrin annonce dans la revue Cell Genomics une découverte redessinant en profondeur nos connaissances sur les derniers néandertaliens. Il s’agit cette fois de la découverte d’un corps néandertalien. Le premier en France depuis 1978. C’est dans cette même grotte qu’en 2022 avait été mis en évidence la plus ancienne migration Sapiens en Europe. Et entre 2022 et 2023 trois publications scientifiques internationales de notre équipe de recherche allaient interroger nos conceptions sur ce moment singulier de l’histoire de l’humanité, redéfinissant non seulement le moment de l’arrivée de ces populations Sapiens, mais redessinant leurs connaissances techniques, établissant leurs origines depuis le Levant méditerranéen et proposant une redéfinition profonde de ce moment singulier de l’histoire européenne.

Et si l’histoire des populations Sapiens en Europe devait être totalement repensée ?

Une lignée néandertalienne totalement inconnue

Notre étude ne se limite pas à la simple annonce de la découverte remarquable d’un corps néandertalien mais présente le résultat de près de 10 années de recherches autour de ce corps révélant l’existence d’une lignée néandertalienne totalement inconnue au sein des dernières populations néandertaliennes d’Europe, changeant profondément notre compréhension de cette humanité au moment de leur extinction.

Les premières dents furent en effet découvertes en 2015. Elles se présentaient à même le sol à l’entrée de la grotte, à peine recouvertes de quelques feuilles. Un peu comme si vous rencontriez un néandertalien en allant vous balader dans la colline… Le corps appartient en effet aux occupations archéologiques les plus récentes de la Grotte Mandrin, datées de 42 à 45 000 ans. Ces niveaux archéologiques affleurent directement avec le sol actuel à l’entrée de la cavité. Mais ces premières dents apparaissent dans un sable fragile. Le moindre coup de pinceau risque de déplacer les précieux vestiges, empêchant d’en reconnaître la position précise dans le sol.

Je pris alors à l’époque la décision de dégager le corps… à la pince à épiler. Grain de sable après grain de sable… L’opération durera 9 ans. Et n’est toujours pas terminée… L’immense effort de terrain permettra de récupérer les plus infimes vestiges dans leur position originale. La multiplication de relevés en trois dimensions permettra alors à l’équipe de reconstruire progressivement la position très précise de chacun des vestiges dans le sol.

Ce sont aujourd’hui 31 dents qui ont été retrouvées, les ossements de la mandibule, des fragments de crâne, des phalanges et des milliers de tout petits ossements appartenant à notre néandertalien surnommé Thorin, en hommage aux écrits et à la pensée de J.R.R. Tolkien, Thorin étant l’un des derniers rois nains sous la montagne et le dernier de sa lignée. Le Thorin de Mandrin est quant à lui… L’un des derniers néandertaliens… Pourquoi le corps de Thorin gisait-il à l’entrée de la cavité ? Comment a-t-il pu ainsi être préservé durant des dizaines de millénaires ? Comment ce corps parvint-il jusqu’à nous ? Fut-il inhumé ?
Des questions vertigineuses

Que fait-on lorsque l’on se trouve confronté à un corps néandertalien ? Surtout lorsque cela fait près d’un demi-siècle qu’une telle découverte n’a plus eu lieu en France… Bien plus profondément, « Le dernier néandertalien » exposait les innombrables questions qui se posent autour de la notion même d’extinction d’humanité, une notion qui donne le vertige et que l’on ne sait pas vraiment interroger. Comment le pourrait-on ? Néandertal s’éteint-il comme les dinosaures suite à un bouleversement naturel emportant tout son univers ?

Autour de Néandertal les théories liées au changement climatique, aux explosions volcaniques, aux rayonnements cosmiques ou aux épidémies dévastatrices ont fleuri ces dernières années. Mais à mon sens, ce n’est pas ainsi que meurent les hommes. Il faut pour comprendre cette étonnante équation de Sapiens remplaçant Néandertal, avant tout, comprendre ce que fut Néandertal. Et ce qu’est Sapiens. Et la nature des deux créatures – à bien des égards Sapiens aussi est une énigme remarquable – nous échappe profondément.

Revenons à Thorin et aux derniers Néandertaliens. L’étude publiée dans Cell Genomics, que je co-dirige avec Tharsika Vimala et Martin Sikora, généticiens des populations à l’Université de Copenhague au Danemark, ainsi qu’Andaine Seguin-Orlando, paléogénomiste à l’Université de Toulouse, révèle l’impensable ; la population de Thorin appartient à une lignée néandertalienne jusqu’alors inconnue parmi les néandertaliens censés peuplés l’Europe dans leurs derniers millénaires d’existence.

Alors que ces populations néandertaliennes montrent en Europe une grande homogénéité génétique, la population de Thorin se distingue des néandertaliens classiques durant plus de 50 millénaires. Aucun échange génétique direct entre la population de Thorin et les néandertaliens classiques européens depuis le 105e millénaire et jusqu’à l’extinction de ces populations ! Une divergence profonde. Inattendue. L’étude génétique permet ainsi de repositionner précisément dans le temps cette histoire singulière montrant cet incroyable isolement de ces populations et le lointain moment de leur divergence.

Et voilà, en plus, que l’équation Sapiens/Néandertal en Europe est à repenser en profondeur. Dans cet étonnant moment où une humanité remplace l’autre, il n’y a plus deux protagonistes mais au moins trois. Et peut-être plus, les analyses génétiques de Thorin dévoilant l’existence d’une lignée fantôme, une autre population néandertalienne, encore inconnue, et qui semble bien se promener à la même époque sur les territoires européens.

Mais comment peut-on imaginer des processus d’isolement entre populations humaines, durant 50 millénaires, alors même que ces populations sont localisées à moins de deux semaines de marche les unes des autres ? C’est pourtant ce à quoi nous confronte Thorin. Des processus évolutifs, culturels et sociaux impensables si nous les transposions aux populations Sapiens telles qu’elles nous sont connues par l’anthropologie culturelle, l’histoire et l’archéologie. Quelque chose semble bien distinguer profondément les manières d’être au monde des néandertaliens et des Sapiens. Quelque chose de bien plus profond que de simples questions culturelles ou territoriales, nous renvoyant frontalement à l’énigme Néandertal et, probablement aussi, notre incapacité à nous confronter à des manières d’être humain qui nous sont si éloignées.

Parallèlement notre étude révèle que Thorin présente des liens avec un autre néandertalien localisé à 1700km de là sur le rocher de Gibraltar. Ce crâne découvert au milieu du XIXe siècle avait révélé en 2019 un peu de sa génétique. Il était considéré comme un néandertalien ancien ayant vécu il y a 80 à 100 millénaires, mais nous révélons que cette néandertalienne de Gibraltar, surnommée Nana, datait précisément de la même période que Thorin, dans les derniers millénaires d’existence de ces populations.

Et voilà que tout est à réécrire. Repenser les premiers Sapiens, leurs relations non pas à Néandertal mais à des populations biologiquement très différenciées et qui, bien qu’apparaissant culturellement particulièrement diverses, pourraient s’éteindre sans ne rien changer de leurs manières millénaires de concevoir le monde.

La créature s’éteindrait en restant ce qu’elle fut de tout temps. Comme une expérience humaine sans lendemain. Mais alors comment meurent les hommes ? La recherche continue, et l’histoire semble de plus en plus fascinante…

Pour aller plus loin : Ludovic Slimak a publié en mai 2023 « Le dernier néandertalien » chez Odile Jacob. Le livre retrace pas à pas l’enquête autour de la découverte de ce corps.

Un petit néandertalien, témoin du soin social durant la préhistoire
▻https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2024/07/10/un-petit-neandertalien-temoin-du-soin-social-durant-la-prehistoire_6248289_1

Probablement trisomique et souffrant de troubles prononcés de l’audition et de l’équilibre, l’enfant a bénéficié du soutien de son groupe de chasseurs-cueilleurs. Une découverte qui éclaire l’origine de la compassion.

[...]

« Le cas de CN-46700 est particulièrement intéressant, ajoutent-ils, parce que le soin dont il a fait l’objet était destiné à un individu immature qui n’avait pas la possibilité de rendre la réciproque pour l’assistance reçue. » Le fait que cette forme d’aide désintéressée soit aussi présente chez notre espèce « suggère que cette adaptation sociale complexe a une origine très ancienne dans le genre Homo », avancent-ils en conclusion.

Celle-ci est saluée par l’anthropologue indépendante australienne Lorna Tilley, qui travaille sur la « bioarchéologie du soin » : « Je n’ai aucun doute quant à la fourniture de soins sociaux – et plus particulièrement de soins liés à la santé – dans ce cas précis et dans la société néandertalienne de manière plus générale, car il y en a de nombreuses preuves éclatantes. »

Au-delà, elle se dit « ravie que l’étude remette explicitement en question un argument basé essentiellement sur le rationalisme économique selon lequel le #soin (dans toutes les espèces humaines) serait un arrangement transactionnel découlant d’un contrat d’“altruisme réciproque”, plutôt que de motifs d’amour, de compassion, de responsabilité envers autrui, etc. ». Pour elle, cette conception était « plus révélatrice de la culture sociopolitique occidentale moderne que du passé ». Elle note ainsi que la thèse d’une « évolution de l’altruisme réciproque » a été proposée en 1971 par Robert Trivers (université Harvard, aux Etats-Unis), au moment où les idées de l’économiste libéral Milton Friedman (1912-2006) gagnaient en influence.

▻https://justpaste.it/257wk

#empathie #compassion #altruisme #néandertaliens #archéologie #économie #idéologie

9/11 Special: CIA-backed Chilean coup & the World Trade Center Attacks

▻https://diasp.eu/p/17118087

00:20 - 1973 #Chile|an Coup d’Etat and the #CIA task force to collapse the Chilean Economy, than the Coup d’Etat to establish an example for Latin America

15:00 - 9/11 Attacks & the obsessions of the #Neoconservatives

“In this interview with author, history professor and director of the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University, Peter Kuznick, we examine two historical events that both occurred on a September 11: the CIA-backed coup d’état in Chile in 1973 and the attacks on the World Trade Center ( #WTC ) in 2001.

ABOUT PETER KUZNICK: Peter Kuznick is Professor of History and Director of the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University in Washington, D.C. He’s the co-author of the book The Untold History of the United States, written together with Hollywood film director and producer Oliver Stone. He was active in the Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War movements and remains active in antiwar and nuclear abolition efforts.”

▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJtHf-piX98

2023-09-10 // 33 mins.

Juno Tab 3 Tablet Expensive, And I’m Not Sure Why…
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/juno-tab-3-ubuntu-tablet-is-expensive

Juno Computers have announced their latest Linux tablet, the Juno Tab 3, and it’s available to buy preloaded with Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. Which is great. The slate is powered by a low-power Intel N100 processor, boasts a healthy 12 GB RAM, an internal 512 GB M.2 SSD, and comes fronted by a 12.1-inch 2K touch display. Very agreeable. It also comes with a detachable keyboard accessory (in matching colour), enabling owners to turn their tablet into a portable productivity hub. Sounds good — so what’s the catch? The price tag. See, the Juno Tab 3 costs from $699. That feels […] You’re reading Juno Tab 3 Tablet Expensive, And I’m Not Sure Why…, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not reproduce elsewhere without (...)

#Hardware #News

Une nouvelle application pour Framaspace : #ownershiptransfer
▻https://framablog.org/2024/09/10/une-nouvelle-application-pour-framaspace-ownershiptransfer

Encore des nouveautés sur Framaspace ? Et oui ! En ce moment, on gâte les utilisateur⋅ices de ce service, avec l’intégration de pas mal de fonctionnalités comme les applications Forms et Tables, mais aussi l’app « Intros » qu’a développée Val, notre #stagiaire estival … Lire la suite­­

#Dégooglisons_Internet_2014-2017_ #Frama.space #Framasoft #Outils_émancipateurs #Developpement #framaspa #intros #Nextcloud #OT #Stage #stages

A new application for #framaspace : #ownershiptransfer
▻https://framablog.org/2024/09/10/a-new-application-for-framaspace-ownershiptransfer

Still more features on Framaspace ? Yes ! At the moment, we’re spoiling the users of this service, with the integration of quite a few features like the Forms and Tables applications, but also the ‘Intros’ app developed by Val, our summer … Lire la suite­­

#Dégooglisons_Internet_2014-2017_ #Frama.space #Framasoft #Outils_émancipateurs #Developpement #English #intros #Nextcloud #OT #Stage #stages #stagiaire

Who’s Afraid of Mexican Democracy ?
▻https://jacobin.com/2024/09/sheinbaum-amlo-judicial-reform-us

Les États-Unis et les juges corrompus vcntre la réforme démocratique du système judiciaire du.Mexique

8.9.2024 by Kurt Hackbarth - Mexico’s judiciary is infamous for favoring oligarchs and other unsavory interests. MORENA’s judicial reforms aim to fix this by introducing democratic elections for judges — a move that has the US and global business elites in a panic.

Following its landslide victory in Mexico’s presidential elections, the MORENA coalition is wasting no time in getting to work. Even before president-elect Claudia Sheinbaum takes office on October 1, the new Congress is taking up a package of constitutional amendments proposed by outgoing president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO), flexing the muscle of a two-thirds qualified majority that allows the president’s party to pass such measures virtually on its own. And the first one up is already drawing the ire of corporate media and foreign powers alike: a judicial reform requiring direct, democratic elections for the entire federal judiciary.

On August 22, US Ambassador to Mexico Ken Salazar released a statement opposing the reforms. It was, to say the least, a curious one. After mentioning Iraq and Afghanistan — two countries the United States has recently invaded and occupied — as examples of countries that lack independent judiciaries, he proceeded to aver that “popular direct election of judges is a major risk to the functioning of Mexico’s democracy.” Following the exposition came the threat: “I also think that the debate . . . will threaten the historic trade relationship we have built, which relies on investors’ confidence in Mexico’s legal framework.” If you know what’s good for you, in so many words, lay off.

AMLO, in fact, did not know what was “good for him.” “How are we going to allow the US ambassador, with all due respect . . . to opine that what we are doing is wrong?” he asked at his press conference the following Tuesday. While denying that the ambassador would be expelled, he explained that the relationship with the embassy was “on pause.” The same, he added, for the Canadian embassy, whose attitude in seconding the United States had been “pitiful . . . like a vassal state.” Both countries, he concluded, “would like to interfere in matters that only concern Mexicans. As long as I am here, I will not allow any violation of our sovereignty.” The battle lines had been drawn.
Ken’s U-Turn

The ambassador’s letter and accompanying press conference were all the more surprising in light of the fact that, two months prior, he had said the exact opposite. The judicial reform “is a Mexican decision,” he stated on June 13. “It is not our decision. We, the United States, cannot impose our opinions in those matters.” On July 24, he reaffirmed that “the model [of the reform] will be the decision of the Mexican government, of the Mexican legislature. I’m not going to get involved in what should be done.” Just days before his U-turn, he was still saying that the judicial reform represented “an opportunity to do good things,” and that the United States was “not in a position” to tell Mexico what to do.

Following his blunt club of a statement, Salazar continued to twist rhetorically in the wind. Faced with blowback not only from the president but from a public historically disinclined to look favorably on US interventionism, he first tried backing off, contending that his comments had been made in a “spirit of collaboration” as “partners,” and that he had “the greatest willingness” to dialogue on the issue. The faux détente, however, entirely missed the point that the judicial reform was not an issue for which “dialogue” with the United States was either requested or appropriate. Thus Salazar returned to the attack, doubling down on the Iraq and Afghanistan point in an interview for Milenio TV while asserting that the reform violated the “spirit of the USMCA agreement” — NAFTA’s replacement — knowing full well he could not say that it violated the actual agreement. By September 3, he had been reduced to arguing that well, yes, the United States also elects judges, but only at the state level (where most cases are tried) and only in a few states (actually forty-one, in whole or part), and that whether or not the press in attendance was “with him” or not, they were always welcome at the embassy.
Washington Calling

Such an abrupt volte-face in posture clearly was not hatched in Mexico City but in Washington. The question, of course, is by whom. In the absence of power emanating from the Joe Biden White House, other power centers within the federal government have been rushing to fill in the void, stepping over each other in the process.

As a consequence, Latin American policy in recent months has been all over the place. When Ecuador invaded the Mexican embassy in April in flagrant violation of international law, the tepid State Department response was subsequently “corrected” by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan. In the case of the Venezuelan election in August, Antony Blinken rushed to congratulate right-wing candidate Edmundo González only for spokesperson Matthew Miller to walk it back a few days later. And now the Mexican ambassador — already the subject of a front-page New York Times hit piece in 2022 for supposedly getting “too close” to AMLO — has been forced to fall on his sword and contradict his own statements made within the course of a week.

One candidate is the Drug Enforcement Administration, which has been running an operation to smear AMLO through pliant media voices in response to his limiting of its powers on Mexican soil. Another is the Blinken hawks at the State Department or one of the other intelligence agencies. A more obvious source for the change in discourse, however, is the business community, which has long made use of friendly judges and abused legal proceedings such as amparo (a form of preliminary injunction) to further its own interests in strategic areas such as banking, mining, energy, and water and block legislation that would seek to regulate them. For all the lurid warnings of how a democratically elected judiciary would open the door to greater cartel influence, the genuine concern of multinationals is rather that it would close the door on monied interests, their bribes, and the historically cozy relationship they’ve enjoyed with justices that has virtually guaranteed decisions in their favor.

When AMLO fought to increase public control over Mexico’s energy sector in the face of a slew of amparos and lawfare, Salazar — a longtime advocate for big energy both in and out of government — was also trundled out to express his “serious concerns” and threaten that the United States’ differences on the matter “might not have a solution.” The law to rein in private energy was eventually thrown out by the Supreme Court in February in a contorted process that required the votes of just two of its eleven justices, on the grounds that it violated “free competition” and “sustainable development.” The ambassador-lobbyist had won. AMLO was determined that it would not happen again.
Judges Behaving Badly

The furor over the energy reform was just the tip of the iceberg. Even before turning into a machine for striking down laws (seventy-four so far during this administration) on the barest of pretexts, Mexico’s judiciary had already become infamous as a cocktail club characterized by excessive salaries, perks, ethics scandals, and nepotism at the service of the oligarchy and other unsavory interests. This has taken multiple forms, such as forgiving tax debts, as in the case of the 640 million peso (US$32 million) “adjustment” granted to Totalplay, the telecom company owned by Mexico’s third-richest person and notorious tax evader Ricardo Salinas Pliego. It has also taken the form of get-out-of-jail-free cards for wealthy suspects to walk away scot-free or, at worst, be sent home to face trials from comfortable house arrest; a macabre sport in Mexico has been waiting to see which new well-heeled individual will be sent through the revolving door, usually on Saturdays (hence the term sabadazo), when there is less media coverage and when government offices are closed.

Among the long list of high-profile beneficiaries are names such as Emilio Lozoya, accused of triangulating money from the Brazilian company Odebrecht to the 2012 campaign of Enrique Peña Nieto; Rosario Robles, accused of funneling millions in social development funds through universities in the Peña administration in what was known as the “Master Scam”; Francisco García Cabeza de Vaca, the former governor of Tamaulipas who had been stripped of his immunity to face money laundering and organized crime charges, only for the Supreme Court to step in and quash the procedure, allowing him to flee to Texas; and most recently, Mario Marín, the former governor of Puebla, accused of ordering the torture of journalist Lydia Cacho for revealing the story of his presumed participation in a child pornography and trafficking ring. The treatment of such notables is particularly galling in a context where thousands of Mexicans without adequate connections and bank balances languish for years on end in prison before their cases ever come to trial.

Making matters worse has been the erratic and underhanded behavior of the gowned class in recent months. In May, it was revealed that Norma Piña, the chief justice of the Supreme Court, had held a private meeting with magistrates from the Federal Electoral Tribunal together with Alejandro Moreno, the president of the opposition Institutional Revolutionary Party.

The meeting was doubly troubling: first, for involving a leader of the political opposition, and second, for including several of the very magistrates who would be deciding the validity of the upcoming 2024 presidential election. According to WhatsApp conversations leaked from the gathering, Piña explicitly introduced Moreno to the other guests as her “ally” and “friend.” Instead of resigning, which the seriousness of the conflict of interest easily warranted, Piña has led the charge against the judicial reform, in recent days even leading the Court to join a judicial-branch work stoppage in protest.

As if that were not enough, a pair of federal judges attempted to wield the amparo injunction against Congress itself, ordering it to freeze its consideration of the reform and, in the event it were approved, to refrain from sending it to the state legislatures for ratification — a ludicrous and patently illegal judicial overreach, in short, that only reinforced MORENA’s argument of the need for root-and-branch reform. In the midst of all this broke a scandal of Lourdes Mendoza, columnist for El Financiero newspaper, sending her column on the reform to Supreme Court justice Margarita Rios-Farjat for her “green light” — a timely reminder of the chummy relationship between the courts and the corporate press, all in the pursuit of common interests.
The Fear of a Good Example

As a first step toward cleaning up the courts, the judicial reform provides for direct elections for half of the federal judiciary in 2025, including the entire Supreme Court, and the other half in 2027. All current justices will be eligible to run. Elections will be nonpartisan, with a prohibition on the use of private financing; instead, candidates will be given free television and radio airtime to make their case. Technical committees will be set up in both houses of Congress to ensure that potential candidates meet basic requirements of education and experience. The terms of Supreme Court justices will be reduced from fifteen to twelve years. Gender parity will be enforced, together with a limit on excessive trial lengths. Excessive salaries, perks, and pensions will be eliminated. The use of the amparo to block anything and everything will be reined in. And, crucially, an independent oversight board will be established with powers to sanction, suspend, or even remove corrupt judges from the bench.

And while the judicial reform has become a lightning rod, it must be understood in the context of the other constitutional amendments the Mexican congress will be considering in the upcoming months, including greater autonomy for indigenous and afro-Mexican peoples; greater wage, housing, and pension protections; and a ban on fracking, open-pit mining, and GMO corn for human consumption. No wonder the multinational business community and their spokespeople in the embassies are worried, not only due to the limits the reforms will place on their ability to act with judicial-backed impunity but also for the fear that such a precedent could spread to places like the United States, which is just beginning to undertake its own, far more modest attempt to reform an unchecked and overweening Supreme Court. “The fear of a good example,” as journalist and activist Eugene Puryear puts it, indeed.

#Mexique #USA #justice #corruption #népotisme

Specific Authors of the Ukrainian War
▻https://diasp.eu/p/17094528

Specific Authors of the Ukrainian War

In the early 80s, our ambassador Alexander #Yakovlev (a classic example of the genre - bed and whiskey) was recruited in Canada. In 1985, he became Mikhail #Gorbachev's chief adviser, and it was through Yakovlev that the last General Secretary was instilled with a plan to reform the USSR economy. In essence, the plan was very simple - to get rid of the superfluous Union republics and then, with the help of the USA, to become a prosperous capitalist state. It was this plan that Gorbachev proposed to Ronald #Reagan at his very first meeting.

And here is the first remark - historians will probably argue endlessly whether Gorbachev knew or not that this plan was foisted on him by the Americans themselves, or was simply a fool. Personally, I think (...)

En Allemagne, des « colons ethniques » veulent blanchir les campagnes
▻https://reporterre.net/En-Allemagne-des-colons-ethniques-veulent-blanchir-les-campagnes

« Ils veulent diffuser leur poison partout, dans les écoles, les associations… », s’inquiète une habitante de Leisnig, 8 000 habitants dans l’est de l’Allemagne. Des « völkische Siedler », ou « colons ethniques », se sont installés dans cette petite ville et sa périphérie depuis une décennie. Située en Saxe, avec ses nombreuses bâtisses en ruine, son kebab installé en face de la mairie et son centre historique vieux de presque 1 000 ans, la petite ville est typique de la région. Et c’est là que des partisans de l’extrême droite allemande venus de l’ouest ont élu domicile — entre cinq et sept familles, qui s’ajoutent aux militants d’extrême droite de la région.

Leur but : quitter l’ouest où la présence d’immigrés et d’Allemands d’origine étrangère leur est insupportable pour s’installer dans des zones rurales et blanches à l’est, de façon à y conserver la « substance ethnique » allemande. Le tout, sous les apparences d’amoureux de la nature en recherche de liens avec le vivant.

#droites_extrêmes #néonazis #fafland

#Fastfetch is the Perfect Replacement for #neofetch
▻https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/09/fastfetch-is-the-best-neofetch-alternative

https://149366088.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/fastfetch-neofetch-preset-406x232.jpg

When development on system info tool Neofetch was discontinued1 earlier this year a slew of forks, alternatives, and upstart projects sprung up to fill the void. Yet the Neofetch alternative that’s gained the most traction —anecdotally, at least; I’ve not be creeping around Linux conferences to verify first-hand—is Fastfetch. Fastfetch is similar to Neofetch in that it ‘pretty prints’ information about your OS, desktop environment, pertinent underlying technologies, and selected system hardware specs in a terminal window. But Fastfetch is far more capable than Neofetch: it’s faster, more featured2, supports Wayland (Neofetch technically didn’t), and is actively maintained. Indeed, the […] You’re reading Fastfetch is the Perfect Replacement for Neofetch, a blog post from OMG! Ubuntu. Do not (...)

#News #CLI_Tools #System_Tools

Au #procès des folles

https://cdn.arteradio.com/permanent/arteradio/sites/default/files/pictures/upas-proces-des-folles-bo.jpg

« Les violences sont déplacées dans le champs du #fantasme »

Victimes de violences physiques et psychologiques de la part de leurs ex conjoints, Anouk et Marie doivent être expertisées par des psychologues et psychiatres suite aux #démarches_juridiques qu’elles entament, au pénal et au civil. Elles racontent leurs expériences traumatisantes face à des expertes qui minimisent les faits, remettent en doute leurs paroles, symétrisent les comportements ou encore les accusent d’être hystériques et masochistes. Ces psys considèrent qu’Anouk et Marie « y sont sans doute pour quelque chose », compte tenu de leurs profils psychologiques.

De très nombreuses femmes vivent les mêmes expériences, source de nouveaux traumatismes, devant la justice, mais aussi dans les cabinets libéraux. Cet épisode décrypte le processus de #psychologisation de la violence (des victimes, mais aussi des agresseurs) qui permet de mieux l’occulter. Avec les analyses de psychologues et d’avocates qui tentent de faire changer ces pratiques.

▻https://www.arteradio.com/son/61684896/au_proces_des_folles
#justice #violence #procès_pénal #procès #traumatisme #masochisme #hystérie #occultation #invisibilisation #psychologie #anxiété #VSS #violences_sexuelles #expertise #peur #honte #répétition #larmes #humiliation #culturalisation #religion #histoire_familiale #hystérie #suspicion #intimité #expertise_psychologique #enquête_de_crédibilité #crédibilité #toute_puissance #traumatisme #post-traumatisme #consentement #colère #tristesse #témoignage #anxiété_généralisée #traumatisme_de_trahison #troubles_du_stress_post-traumatique (#TSPT) #subjectivité #psychanalyse #névrose #masochisme #analyses_paradoxales #présomption_de_masochisme #présomption #concepts #mise_en_scène #jeu #mensonge #manipulation #exagération #répétition #co-responsabilité #dépsychologisation #féminisme #violences_politiques #vulnérabilité #expertises_abusives #maltraitance_théorique #théorie #rite_de_domination #violences_conjugales #analyse_sociale #psychologisation_de_la_violence #patriarcat #domination #violence_systémique #féminicide #sorcière #pouvoir #relation_de_pouvoir #victimisation #violences_conjugales #crime_passionnel #circonstances_atténuantes #injustice #haine #haine_contre_les_femmes #amour #viol #immaturité #homme-système #empathie #désempathie #masculinité #masculinité_violente #violence_psychologique #humiliations #dérapage #déraillement #emprise_réciproque #reproduction_de_la_violence #émotions #récidive #intention #contexte #figure_paternelle #figure_maternelle #imaginaire #violence_maternelle #materophobie #mère_incenstueuse #parentalité_maternelle #parentalité_paternelle #dénigrement

#audio #podcast

ping @_kg_

#Parallasse, la nostra #Rassegna_stampa critica settimanale, diventa una #newsletter
▻https://scomodo.org/parallasse-diventa-una-newsletter

Uno spazio generazionale per capire meglio cosa non va oggi nei #Giornali e quali modelli alternativi offre il #giornalismo indipendente L’articolo Parallasse, la nostra rassegna stampa critica settimanale, diventa una newsletter proviene da Scomodo.

#italia

No, la tecnologia non è neutrale ed ecco come ha condizionato la vita delle donne

In Tecnologia della rivoluzione Diletta Huyskes apre una riflessione sulle responsabilità sociali di chi innova. Dal forno a microonde all’AI.

https://media-assets.wired.it/photos/66d1c2e00815d65570614f24/16:9/w_1600,c_limit/2546204.jpeg

L’idea che la tecnologia sia una forza neutrale e inarrestabile, che opera indipendentemente dai contesti sociali, economici e culturali, è un mito radicato nel nostro immaginario collettivo. Tuttavia, come dimostra Diletta Huyskes nel suo libro Tecnologia della rivoluzione. Progresso e battaglie sociali dal microonde all’intelligenza artificiale (Il Saggiatore, 2024), questo mito è ben lontano dalla verità. La tecnologia non è mai stata neutrale e spesso amplifica le ingiustizie esistenti.

Un esempio significativo che viene raccontato nel libro è il caso di ProKid+, l’algoritmo di polizia predittiva impiegato nei Paesi Bassi nel 2015, che ha condannato preventivamente un adolescente, Omar (nome fittizio), a un futuro da criminale. Reddito basso, background migratorio e un’età inferiore ai diciotto anni, sono solo alcune delle caratteristiche utilizzate dai sistemi di intelligenza artificiale per valutare il rischio di migliaia di persone ogni giorno. Il progetto, noto come Top400, inizialmente pensato come una lista di adolescenti precedentemente condannati per almeno un reato, è stato successivamente ampliato includendo anche bambini e ragazzi che, pur non avendo ancora avuto problemi legali, erano considerati dall’algoritmo a rischio di esserlo presto.
Una tecnologia a sfavore delle minoranze

Questo algoritmo, che avrebbe dovuto rappresentare un approccio innovativo alla prevenzione del crimine, non ha fatto altro che reiterare stereotipi e pregiudizi preesistenti, privando i soggetti come Omar di qualsiasi possibilità, riscatto ed emancipazione e lasciandoli intrappolati in un circolo di sospetti e discriminazioni: “Questa sentenza è il risultato di una raccomandazione proveniente da un modello matematico che prometteva il rilevamento della criminalità utilizzando principalmente metodologie di apprendimento automatico, un sottoinsieme dell’intelligenza artificiale che utilizza modelli statistici e algoritmi per analizzare e fare previsioni basate sui dati”.

La pretesa di prevedere il crimine attraverso l’analisi dei dati ignora il fatto che tali modelli sono costruiti su basi che riflettono le disuguaglianze sociali, contribuendo a perpetuarle piuttosto che risolverle. Non a caso Huyskes cita Andrew Feenberg che nel suo testo, Transforming Technology, asserisce che la progettazione della tecnologia è una decisione ontologica ricca di conseguenze politiche. Huyskes ci guida attraverso una riflessione critica, evidenziando come ogni nuova tecnologia sia il risultato di un preciso percorso storico e sociale. Contrariamente all’immagine romantica del genio inventore che cambia il mondo con un’illuminazione improvvisa, la realtà ci mostra come le innovazioni tecnologiche siano frutto di compromessi, conflitti e distribuzioni ineguali di potere.

L’idea di un progresso lineare e inevitabile si sgretola di fronte all’analisi che Huyskes offre, svelando una verità fattuale: la tecnologia è costruita, modificata e implementata per servire interessi specifici, spesso a scapito delle fasce più vulnerabili della società. Un altro esempio significativo è rappresentato dall’introduzione delle tecnologie domestiche nel ventesimo secolo. Queste invenzioni, come il forno a microonde, venivano presentate come soluzioni liberatorie per le donne, promettendo di alleviare il carico del lavoro domestico.
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Tuttavia, come dimostra Huyskes, la realtà è stata ben diversa: piuttosto che emancipare, queste tecnologie hanno rafforzato gli stereotipi di genere, relegando ulteriormente le donne al loro ruolo tradizionale di casalinghe. Invece di liberarle, le hanno intrappolate in un ciclo di lavori domestici sempre più standardizzati e invisibili: “La speranza era che la tecnologia domestica avrebbe sollevato le donne dal loro lavoro non pagato nelle case, un tema politico su cui il movimento femminista stava concentrando quasi interamente le sue lotte in quegli anni”.
Il controllo dei corpi

Infatti, nel 1974, Joann Vanek dimostrò come la condizione femminile nel lavoro casalingo non avesse subito nessun cambiamento con l’introduzione delle tecnologie domestiche; l’industrializzazione del lavoro domestico e la meccanicizzazione del focolare aveva creato nuove aspettative, un aumento della produttività e nuovi compiti: “Lungi dal sentirsi liberate, le donne che lavoravano nelle case, che quotidianamente e instancabilmente portavano avanti tutto il lavoro di cura necessario al sostentamento della vita economica e politica di intere nazioni, si sentivano sempre più meccanizzate, ma anche sempre più affaticate”.

Nell’analisi di Diletta Huyskes emerge con forza il tema del controllo dei corpi come uno dei nodi cruciali nell’intersezione tra tecnologia e genere: “Come può una società che per decenni si è basata esclusivamente sul corpo maschile come metro di misura garantire un trattamento equo in base al genere?”. L’esclusione delle donne dalla tecnologia non ha significato solo tenerle lontane dai luoghi di potere, formazione e creazione, ma anche privarle della possibilità di utilizzare e beneficiare di tali innovazioni. Questo schema di esclusione, che continua a persistere anche dopo molti decenni, rappresenta ancora il modello dominante nella gestione del rapporto tra genere e tecnologia.

Nel libro si racconta anche come a partire dal 1980, il gruppo di ricerca su donne e tecnologia della Fondazione per la ricerca scientifica e industriale dell’Istituto norvegese di tecnologia (Sintef), con le studiose Anne-Jorunn Berg e Merete Lie, ha iniziato a riflettere sulle conseguenze pratiche dell’esclusiva presenza maschile nelle fasi di progettazione e sviluppo tecnologico. Inizialmente, le domande riguardavano l’impatto delle nuove tecnologie sulla vita delle donne. Tuttavia, con il progredire delle loro ricerche, la questione si è evoluta in: “Gli artefatti hanno un genere?”.

Questo ha portato a un ampliamento della ricerca, dall’analisi delle donne all’indagine sul genere e sul design in generale, invece di concentrarsi solo sulle conseguenze delle tecnologie. Berg e Lie hanno scoperto che gli artefatti tecnologici riflettono un genere, poiché vengono progettati con specifiche configurazioni di genere in mente. In altre parole, nascono con un’idea chiara di chi dovrà utilizzarli.
AI e stereotipi sociali

Automobili, computer, smartphone sono alcuni esempi di tecnologie usate da uomini e donne, ma progettate principalmente tenendo conto delle caratteristiche e delle abitudini di un uomo medio: "La testimonianza più forte degli ultimi anni sulle persistenti disuguaglianze di genere nel design di ciò che diamo più per scontato l’ha scritta l’attivista e scrittrice Caroline Criado Perez. Un catalogo di fatti e cifre che raccontano di un mondo a misura d’uomo, forse tra i più scioccanti quello sulle case automobilistiche statunitensi che solo nel 2011 hanno iniziato a effettuare crash test anche con manichini femminili. Prima di quel momento, tutti i dati a disposizione e gli interventi necessari riguardo agli incidenti automobilistici avevano a che fare esclusivamente con i corpi maschili, per cui l’accuratezza nei casi di corpi femminili era sconosciuta”.

Nel panorama contemporaneo, l’intelligenza artificiale rappresenta la nuova frontiera di questa riflessione critica. Lungi dall’essere una tabula rasa, l’AI porta con sé i bias e le ingiustizie del passato, riflettendo le stesse logiche di potere che hanno caratterizzato le tecnologie precedenti:“Non solo incorporano cultura, valori, pregiudizi durante le fasi di design iniziale, ma continuano ad alimentarsi di questi input sempre nuovi durante la loro intera esistenza”. Oggi, le nuove tecnologie sono progettate per mantenere lo status quo e perpetuare le disuguaglianze sociali esistenti, contribuendo a rafforzare ciò che la studiosa femminista Patricia Hill Collins chiama “la matrice del dominio”, un sistema sociologico che comprende diverse forme di oppressione come il capitalismo, l’eteropatriarcato, la supremazia bianca e il colonialismo.

Uno degli esempi più emblematici dell’automazione di sistemi istituzionali già particolarmente discriminatori ed escludenti è quello della giustizia penale. Con l’obiettivo di trovare una formula matematica che potesse prevedere con precisione la probabilità di recidiva, sempre più dipartimenti di giustizia hanno sperimentato l’uso dell’intelligenza artificiale: quasi tutti gli stati nordamericani hanno adottato o testato software basati su AI per questo scopo. Questi sistemi calcolano le probabilità attraverso la valutazione del rischio: un punteggio di rischio elevato indica una maggiore probabilità che l’individuo commetta nuovamente un crimine in futuro: "Il calcolo che porta a questi punteggi è basato solitamente su delle domande rivolte direttamente alle persone imputate e i dati estratti dal casellario giudiziario. Si tratta di previsioni sul futuro in base a comportamenti passati, frequenze, statistiche, e i dati per addestrare modelli come questi spesso includono variabili proxy come «arresto» per misurare il «crimine» o qualche nozione di «rischiosità» sottostante.”

Ripensare la tecnologia: giustizia e inclusione

Negli Stati Uniti, dove i dati relativi al crimine sono stati influenzati da decenni di pratiche di polizia basate su pregiudizi razziali, e dove alcuni gruppi sociali ed etnici sono stati storicamente più esposti a controlli di polizia, la mappatura del crimine non può essere considerata neutrale. A partire da questi presupposti, l’etnia viene tracciata indirettamente attraverso altre variabili correlate, come il codice postale o la condizione socio-economica.

Il risultato è un modello che presenta un tasso significativamente più alto di falsi positivi, cioè attribuisce un rischio elevato di recidiva a individui neri rispetto a quelli bianchi. Alcuni di questi strumenti mirano a prevedere i rischi di criminalità associati a singoli individui, basandosi sulla loro storia personale e su altre caratteristiche. È proprio ciò che è accaduto a Omar: giudicato da un software di polizia predittiva come un adolescente ad alto rischio di diventare un criminale, è stato trattato come tale fin da subito.

Come asserisce l’autrice, “L’intelligenza artificiale è molto più di una tecnologia. È un discorso utilizzato attivamente per plasmare le realtà politiche, economiche e sociali del nostro tempo”. La tecnologia può essere un potente strumento di liberazione, ma solo se siamo disposti e disposte a interrogarci su chi ne controlla lo sviluppo e su chi ne beneficia davvero. È essenziale che il dibattito sulla tecnologia non rimanga confinato a un’élite specifica, ma diventi un discorso collettivo, aperto e inclusivo, in grado di affrontare le domande fondamentali su giustizia, equità e democrazia. In questo senso, Tecnologia della rivoluzione è un invito a ripensare il nostro rapporto con il progresso e con le forze che plasmano il nostro presente e il nostro futuro. Huyskes ci ricorda che ogni innovazione porta con sé una responsabilità, e che è nostro compito vigilare affinché il futuro tecnologico sia costruito su basi più giuste e consapevoli.

▻https://www.wired.it/article/tecnologia-donne-pregiudizi-rivoluzione-progresso-diletta-huyskes
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