#passionnant

Les classes dominantes à l’assaut du système social : des décennies de combat ! - Nicolas Da Silva
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eU3UbaU9Vo

Nicolas Da Silva est maître de conférences en sciences économiques à l’Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, il est spécialiste de l’économie politique de la santé et de la sécurité sociale. Il est notamment l’auteur de « La bataille de la Sécu : une histoire du système de santé ».

Dans cette interview par Olivier Berruyer pour Élucid, Nicolas Da Silva démontre l’absurdité et l’injustice de la réforme des retraites que le gouvernement fait passer de force par 49-3. Il montre à quel point les arguments fallacieux invoqués aujourd’hui pour justifier cette réforme sont sensiblement les mêmes depuis des décennies, et s’inscrivent dans une grande tradition des classes dominantes pour détricoter notre système social. Ce combat n’est pas économique, mais politique, et il est important de revenir sur le rapport de force mené depuis la création de la sécurité sociale en 1949 pour comprendre ce qui se joue aujourd’hui, et mener une lutte victorieuse.

Were there Transgender People in the Middle Ages? (Yes) | The Public Medievalist
▻https://www.publicmedievalist.com/transgender-middle-ages

https://i2.wp.com/www.publicmedievalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2099/05/Albert_Lynch_-_Jeanne_dArc-detail.jpg?fit=1559%2C877&ssl=1 https://i1.wp.com/www.publicmedievalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2099/05/St-Marinos-the-Monk-with-Child.jpg?resize=450%2C491&ssl=1

#histoire #trans #genre #passionnant

Cécile BOST : "Les surdoués au prisme de la norme", (1 dec. 2017) - YouTube
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=111&v=5nKTWWTTn-0

Cécile Bost est diplômée de l’IEP Paris, laboratoire de santé publique EA 3279, hôpital La Timone, Marseille, écrivain et bloggeuse sur le surdon adulte (www.talentidifferent.com)

Dans le cadre du séminaire : « Sociétés et êtres d’exception (2017-2018). Approche interdisciplinaire et de sciences participatives » (dédié à Tchicaya U Tam’ Si). Voir le lien suivant : ▻http://www.academia.edu/33762251/S%C3%A9minaire_Ethnologie_et_Arch%C3%A9ologies_ann%C3%A9e_universitaire_20

Cette chaîne YouTube est un projet de l’Association d’ethnologie de l’université de Strasbourg (association étudiante) qui vise à partager au maximum les événements scientifiques liés à l’ethnologie. Nous remercions chaleureusement Christophe Lorenzi pour les enregistrements.

Le séminaire ethnologie et archéologies (2017-2018) est organisé avec le concours de l’Institut d’ethnologie et la faculté des sciences sociales de l’université de Strasbourg ; laboratoire Sociétés, acteurs, gouvernement en Europe (SAGE, UMR 7363 CNRS & Unistra) ; laboratoire Dynamiques européennes (DynamE UMR 7367 CNRS & Unistra) ; Institut de recherche pour le développement et GRED (Gouvernance, risque, environnement, développement, UMR IRD & université Paul Valéry-Montpellier 3) ; Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements (CR2P, UMR 7207 CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Université Paris 6, Sorbonne universités) ; Maison interuniversitaire des sciences de l’Homme en Alsace (MISHA).

Coordinateurs Pierre Le Roux, professeur d’ethnologie, Institut d’ethnologie, université de Strasbourg, laboratoire SAGE (Sociétés, acteurs, gouvernement en Europe, UMR 7363 CNRS & Unistra), (Strasbourg) Roger Somé, professeur d’ethnologie, Institut d’ethnologie, université de Strasbourg, laboratoire DynamE (Dynamiques européennes, UMR 7367 CNRS & Unistra), (Strasbourg).
Comité d’organisation Pierre Le Roux, professeur d’ethnologie, Institut d’ethnologie, université de Strasbourg, laboratoire SAGE (Sociétés, acteurs, gouvernement en Europe, UMR 7363 CNRS & Unistra), (Strasbourg) Bernard Moizo, anthropologue, directeur de recherche à l’Institut de recherche pour le développement, directeur du GRED (Gouvernance, risque, environnement, développement, UMR IRD & université Paul Valéry-Montpellier 3), (Montpellier). Roger Somé, professeur d’ethnologie, Institut d’ethnologie, université de Strasbourg, laboratoire DynamE (Dynamiques européennes, UMR 7367 CNRS & Unistra), (Strasbourg) Valéry Zeitoun, paléoanthropologue, directeur de recherche au CNRS, membre du Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements (CR2P, UMR 7207 CNRS & Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Université Paris 6, Sorbonne universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie), (Paris).

#surdoué·es #passionnant #anormalité #santé_mentale

(pas encore dépassée le stade de la testostérone)

Inventing the Recording | The Public Domain Review
►http://publicdomainreview.org/2017/07/12/inventing-the-recording

http://publicdomainreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/sound-thumb.jpg

o the question “When were recordings invented?”, we might be tempted to answer “1877” — the year when Thomas A. Edison was first able to record and playback sound with a phonograph. But what if we think of recordings not as mere carriers of sound, but as commodities that can be bought and sold, as artefacts capable of capturing and embodying values and emotions; of defining a generation, a country or a social class? The story then becomes one that unfolds over three decades and is full of many layers and ramifications. Without Edison’s technological innovations, recordings would have certainly never existed — but hammering out the concept of recording were also a myriad of other inventors, musicians, producers and entrepreneurs from all over the world. Most of them were enthusiastic about being part of a global revolution, but they worked in close connection with their milieu too, shaping recording technologies and their uses to relate to the needs, dreams, and desires of the audiences they knew.

Edison initially believed that the phonograph would be most demanded in offices and companies: recorded sound, he thought, would make business communication easier by doing away with the ambiguities of written language. However, the Improved Phonograph and Perfected Phonograph, which he both launched in 1888, took recording technologies in a different direction. Audiences turned out not to be interested in the phonograph because of its practical uses, but because it entertained them: the first phonograph parlor opened in San Francisco in 1889, and was soon followed by thousands others all over the United States. In Constantino’s native Spain — more rural, less industrialized — phonographs were paraded around cities and towns instead and temporarily installed in civic centres, schools, hotels and churches; for a modest fee, locals from all social classes were able to acquaint themselves with the latest discoveries of science.

Et ça c’est passionnant... à relier au fait que avec la photographie numérique, on regarde instantanément les images qsui viennent d’être prises

It was not the thrill of listening to internationally famous performers and speakers that drew audiences to these phonographic sessions. Accounts suggest that phonograph operators were most successful when they recorded local musicians and speakers in front of the audience and then immediately played back the impressed cylinder. It was this, the act of recognizing familiar voices, that ultimately astonished audiences and persuaded them that the phonograph could reproduce reality as it was. A writer for the Madrid newspaper La correspondencia de España wrote after attending a phonographic session in November 1892 that: “We were truly surprised to hear several pieces that the phonograph reproduced with incredible accuracy and purity. […]. Not even a single note or chord is lost. Even the most delicate fioriture are repeated.”

De l’invention à la diffusion

The phonograph became a domestic appliance with the successive launches of the Spring Motor Phonograph, the Edison Home Phonograph, and the Edison Standard Phonograph between 1896 and 1898. With this came the need for a constant supply of professionally produced, well-crafted recordings that could lure upper- and middle-class phonograph owners back to the shops again and again. The recording as a commodity was born — but it still had to be embedded with values and meanings potential buyers could relate to; values and meanings that resonated with ideas they might have had about themselves, but also connected them to the powerful narrative of the global revolution brought over by recording technologies.

In turn-of-the-century Spain, buying a wax cylinder meant identifying as a member of an emerging middle class who was no longer interested in indulging in luxury for luxury’s sake, but was committed to the country’s economic and social advancement through the dissemination of science and technology. Many owners of gabinetes were themselves part of this emerging middle class, such as electrician Julián Solá in Madrid, and opticians José Corrons in Barcelona, Obdulio Bravo-Villasante in Madrid, and Pablo Lacaze in Zaragoza.

In the era of the gabinetes, though, wax cylinders still differed from modern recordings in one crucial aspect: they could not be duplicated in a reliable and effective way. Most surviving recordings from that time are one-offs. If a gabinete was faced with an unprecedented demand for, say, recordings of “La donna è mobile” by Constantino, the only way to satisfy customers would be to hire Constantino to record several takes of the aria, all different from each other. It was unrealistic for the Spanish industry to rely on a few outstanding or well-known performers to meet the demand, and so, alongside with Constantino, a multiplicity of lesser known, jobbing singers ventured into the recording industry with a modicum of success. Some singers of the era, in fact, are only known to us in connection with the recording industry.

The gabinetes’ enthusiasm and commitment, though, did not help them survive when the gramophone, which recorded on reproducible discs, took hold in Spain after Compagnie Française du Gramophone opened a Spanish branch in 1903. They resisted for a couple of years, but by 1905 many had closed down and the rest were operating as subsidiaries of the Compagnie or other multinationals such as Pathé and Odéon. Constantino, who had by then embarked on an international career in Eastern Europe and America, recorded zarzuela arias for the Barcelona branch of Pathé in 1903, followed by G&T in Berlin, Edison Records in Italy, Pathé and Odéon in Paris, and Victor and Columbia in the United States. Many of his colleagues who had thrived during the era of the gabinetes found themselves unable to compete against better or more established singers, and went back to the stage.

#Grammophone #Musique #Recording #Histoire #Domaine_Public #passionnant

Fake news is a red herring | World | DW.COM | 25.01.2017
▻http://www.dw.com/en/fake-news-is-a-red-herring/a-37269377

http://www.dw.com/image/16359385_304.jpg

Fake news, propaganda and “disinformatzya” are changing the media landscape - in the US, Russia and Turkey and across the world. The question is how to combat them.

Par Ethan Zuckerman (une véritable analyse des diverses composantes du monde post-truth)

Different types of fake news

It’s tempting to say that Trump is using “fake news” to mean “news I don’t like”, but the reality is more complicated. “Fake news,” in this usage, means “real issues that don’t deserve as much attention as they’re receiving.” This form of fake news was likely an important factor in the 2016 campaign. There’s a compelling argument that the release of Clinton and Podesta’s emails by Russian hackers - and the media firestorm that ensued - were key to the outcome of the US election. While media outlets overfocused on the non-scandal of the emails, this wasn’t “fake news” so much as it was “false balance,” with newspapers playing up a Clinton “scandal” to counterbalance an endless sequence of Trump scandals.

There’s another type of “fake news” that surfaces during virtually every political campaign: propaganda. Propaganda is weaponized speech that mixes truthful, deceptive and false speech, and is designed explicitly to strengthen one side and weaken the other. Propaganda has been around for a long time, preceding the era of mass media.

A third category of “fake news,” relatively new to the scene in most countries, is disinformatzya. This is news that’s not trying to persuade you that Trump is good and Hillary bad (or vice versa). Instead, it’s trying to pollute the news ecosystem, to make it difficult or impossible to trust anything. This is a fairly common tactic in Russian politics and it’s been raised to an art form in Turkey by President Tayyip Erdogan, who uses it to discredit the internet, and Twitter in particular. Disinformatyza helps reduce trust in institutions of all sorts, leading people either to disengage with politics as a whole or to put their trust in strong leaders who promise to rise above the sound and fury. The embrace of “fake news” by the right wing in America as a way of discrediting the “mainstream media” can be understood as disinformatzya designed to reduce credibility of these institutions - with all the errors news organizations have made, why believe anything they say?

One of the best known forms of disinformatya is “shitposting,” the technique of flooding online fora with abusive content, not to persuade readers, but to frustrate anyone trying to have a reasonable discussion of politics on the internet.

Solving the problem of sensationalistic, click-driven journalism likely requires a new business model for news that focuses on its civic importance above profitability. In many European nations, public broadcasters provide at least a partial solution to this problem - in the US, a strong cultural suspicion of government involvement with news complicates this solution. A more promising path may be to address issues of filtering and curation. Getting Facebook to acknowledge that it’s a publisher, not a neutral platform for sharing content, and that its algorithmic decisions have an impact would be a first step towards letting users choose how ideologically isolated or exposed they want to be. Building public interest news aggregators that show us multiple points of view is a promising direction as well. Unbalanced news is a problem that’s always been with us, dealt with historically by shaping and adhering to journalistic standards - it’s now an open question whether social media platforms will take on that responsibility.

Surprisingly, our best bets for fighting propaganda may come from a return to the past. Stanford historian Fred Turner wrote a brilliant book, “The Democratic Surround,” on how US intellectuals had tried to fight fascist propaganda in the 1940s through reinforcing democratic and pluralistic values. Rather than emphasizing critical reading or debate, the thinkers Turner documents designed massive museum installations intended to force Americans to wrestle with the plurality and diversity of their nation and the world. While exhibits such as “The Family of Man” might be an impossibly dated way to combat fake news, the idea of forcing people to confront a wider world than the one they’re used to wrestling with goes precisely to the root of the problems that enable fake news.

#fake_news #post-truth #passionnant

Tungstène : une image manipulée est-elle forcément mensongère ? - OAI13
▻http://www.oai13.com/featured/tungstene-une-image-manipulee-est-elle-forcement-mensongere

Conçu à la demande du Ministère de la Défense et utilisé par l’AFP, Tungstène est un logiciel de photo-interprétation avancée qui permet de détecter les altérations dans les images numériques. Avant de parler d’image trompeuse, encore faut-il savoir toutefois aux moyens de quels critères on la considère comme telle. OAI13 s’est entretenu à ce sujet avec Roger Cozien, docteur en informatique et sciences physiques et créateur du logiciel.

#photo #retouche #manipulation #tungstène

L’anonymat, un bien fragile
►http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2014/04/07/l-anonymat-un-bien-fragile_4397075_1650684.html

Selon lui, 89 % des personnes hospitalisées une fois en 2008 et 100 % de celles hospitalisées deux fois sont théoriquement identifiables grâce au fichier PMSI (Programme de médicalisation des systèmes d’information), qui contient les données d’hospitalisation de plus de 23 millions de séjours à l’hôpital. Cette conclusion choc a été rappelée par Pierre-Louis Bras et André Loth dans leur rapport à la ministre de la santé en septembre 2013 sur la gouvernance et l’utilisation des données de santé. Le même Dominique Blum, auditionné en décembre 2013 par un groupe de travail réuni pour faire suite à ce rapport, a récidivé. Cette fois, il a démontré que le fichier des moyens séjours permet, lui aussi, de retrouver des informations cachées comme les dates de séjour, ouvrant la voie à des réidentifications.

#passionnant sur l’identifiabilité ou désanonymisation
avec les pistes actuelles de protection
#statistical_disclosure_control
#paywall_passoire

Les petits voleurs de la Grande Borne cachaient une vaste escroquerie financière
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/04/07/les-petits-voleurs-de-la-grande-borne-cachaient-une-vaste-escroquerie-financ

En remontant les flux d’argent, les enquêteurs ont mis au jour une des nouvelles formes d’économie souterraine qui se développent dans les cités. « Les jeunes des quartiers se mettent aujourd’hui à faire du financier. Ça rapporte un peu moins que la drogue, mais c’est beaucoup moins risqué. Les enquêtes sont longues et les peines faibles. Ils se diversifient », résume Fabien Inès, chef de la sûreté départementale.

Ces escrocs des quartiers profitent tout autant des travers de la société de consommation que des failles du système répressif. Les concessionnaires et les employés des organismes de crédit, intéressés à la transaction, se montraient bien peu regardants sur les demandes de prêts qui leur étaient soumises. « D’une certaine façon, ce type d’économie parallèle arrange tout le monde, souligne un enquêteur. Il fait vivre le quartier et les concessionnaires automobiles. Seuls les organismes de crédit sont floués. »

#passionnant
#allocation_rationnelle !
Il n’y a pas de raison qu’il n’y ait que les riches qui profitent de l’#impunité réservée aux délits financiers…
Derrière le #paywall_passoire…

Les perturbateurs endocriniens présents dans deux produits de beauté sur cinq - Le Monde
▻http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2013/09/13/les-perturbateurs-endocriniens-presents-dans-deux-produits-de-beaute-sur-cin

http://s1.lemde.fr/image/2013/09/13/534x267/3477292_3_ee4e_test-d-un-produit-cosmetique-au-laboratoire_a10a043ab3ade98d584df4b131c1ab74.jpg

Près de 40 % des produits d’hygiène-beauté contiennent au moins un perturbateur endocrinien (PE), substance chimique interférant avec la régulation hormonale, selon une étude rendue publique vendredi 13 septembre à Paris. Selon cette étude réalisée sur une base de 15 000 produits de beauté-hygiène par l’institut Noteo – qui recense des dizaines de produits du quotidien selon plusieurs critères : santé, environnement, social... –, les vernis à ongles arrivent en tête (74 % d’entre eux contiennent au moins un PE) devant les fonds de teint (71 %), les produits de maquillage pour les yeux (51 %), les démaquillants (43 %), les rouges à lèvres (40 %), les soins du visage (38 %) les déodorants (36 %), les dentifrices (30 %) et les shampoings (24 %).

#cosmétiques #santé

#Passionnant !

Les #Diggers de San Francisco

#Documentaire (Fr) de Céline Deransart & Alice Gaillard
►http://www.diggers.org/les-diggers-de-SF.htm

extrait du site d’archive des Diggers :

Alice and Céline first contacted us via the Guestbook back in the mid-90s. Like many who first hear of the Diggers, they were enthralled by the prophetic vision and the action stories that are the legacy of this moment in time. Alice and Céline decided to do a film that would bring this history to the youth of France. They trekked to California in the late 1990s and spent several weeks tracking everyone down with their video master, Jean-Pierre Ziren, to capture interviews and still photos of the archives.

In 1998, Les Diggers de San Francisco was broadcast on the French cable channel Canal+ and has been rebroadcast over the years since. In 2009, Alice published her history, Les Diggers, Revolution et Contre-Culture a San Francisco (1966-1968) which included a DVD of the film.

a purgé ses radiateurs avec succès hier