What’s behind Mali livestock herders joining jihadist groups – POLLEN
▻https://politicalecologynetwork.wordpress.com/2018/12/03/whats-behind-mali-livestock-herders-joining-jihad
What’s behind Mali livestock herders joining jihadist groups – POLLEN
▻https://politicalecologynetwork.wordpress.com/2018/12/03/whats-behind-mali-livestock-herders-joining-jihad
We found that local rural people have become increasingly disgruntled with a predatory and corrupt state. They are also fed up with an economic model imposed by the state and international donors that isn’t taking pastoral priorities into account. Rent-seeking by government officials has been especially intense in relation to conflicts over pastoral land, environmental management and the fight against desertification.
Conflicts over land use help to explain why small-scale farmers, and in particular livestock-keepers, join armed groups. Many herders support the jihadist takeover because they are similarly anti-state, anti-elite and pro-pastoral.
Livestock herders throughout the Sahel are disgruntled by development policies and programmes that favour agriculture at the expense of pastures and livestock corridors. Herders and farmers are unhappy about the way a corrupt state exploits rural peasants. Herders also feel that the development model imposed by the state and international donors ignores their needs.
This model favours agricultural expansion at the cost of pastoralism. The result is that key pastures are lost and that livestock corridors are blocked by new agricultural fields. Herders need to pass with their livestock even if corridors are blocked. This often leads to conflicts.
Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians | Science | AAAS (10/06/2015)
▻http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/06/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians
The Bronze Age came to Europe and Asia 5000 years ago, leaving a trail of metal tools, axes, and jewelry that stretches from Siberia to Scandinavia. But was this powerful new technology an idea that spread from the Middle East to European and Asian people, or was it brought in by foreigners? Two of the largest studies of ancient DNA from Bronze Age and Iron Age people have now found that outsiders deserve the credit: Nomadic herders from the steppes of today’s Russia and Ukraine brought their culture and, possibly, languages with them—and made a relatively recent and lasting imprint on the genetic makeup of Europeans and Asians.
Tiens, à propos de #pastoralisme_nomade
Mongolia: Harsh Winter Wiping Out Livestock, Stoking Economic
Crisis for Nomads | EurasiaNet.org
▻http://www.eurasianet.org/node/78061
Spécialement pour @simplicissimus
When Dogoono’s only horse died early in the winter, she cried for days. But now the Mongolian herder keeps losing so many of her animals she does not have any tears left.
“I think how long can I cry for them? I have to be strong,” she said.
The 72-year-old lives in Undurkhangai district, Uvs Province in western Mongolia. Her family is one of an estimated 70,000 herder households – totaling roughly 400,000 people, or about one-seventh of Mongolia’s overall population – that have lost a significant portion of their livestock to a slow moving disaster called a dzud, a draught followed by a harsh winter, a natural phenomenon unique to the Mongolian Steppe.
Un milieu aussi fragile est bien sûr extrêmement sensible au changement climatique mais le tout premier responsable est le changement de système politico-économique.
Les éleveurs ne sont absolument pas représentés au Grand Khoural ; aucun parti ne les défend. Du passé soviétique les élites ont retenu que le #pastoralisme_nomade correspondait à un stade primitif du développement des forces productives qu’ils couplent avec un néo-darwinisme sans état d’âme pour en conclure à sa disparition imminente « en tant que classe »…